Reading Nursing Research Using Creative Evidence Order Instructions: Please, let the writers follow the guidelines for this new Project.

Also, I am attaching 2 files of the Project that my friend made for the same class.
Please, let the writer include the book in the reference

Houser, J. 2015. Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Reading Nursing Research Using Creative Evidence Sample Answer

Reading Research Literature #1 – Week 5

Type your answers to the following questions using complete sentences and correct grammar, spelling, and syntax. Click Save as and save the file with your last name and assignment, e.g., N R439_RRL1_Smith. Submit to the Reading Research Literature #1 basket in the Dropbox by 11:59 pm MT Sunday at the end of Week 5. The guidelines and grading rubric for this assignment may be found in Doc Sharing.

Title: RRL#1

Name: Julia Grigorian

The following questions pertain to Sanford, J., Townsend-Rocchicciolli, J., Horigan, A., & Hall, P. (2011). A process of decision making by caregivers of family members with heart failure. Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 25(1), 55–70.

• What is the purpose of this research?

  As the number of Heart failure continues to rise so is the number of caregivers for these family members. Throughout the continuum, the caregivers are actively involved in decision making. Currently, most of the qualitative studies have focused on the care of patients with cancer and dementia. According to Sanford and colleagues, there is limited information for the caregivers of heart failure patients.  For this reason; the purpose/objective of this investigation was to evaluate the role of caregivers whose family members suffered from heart failure in making a decision (Sanford et al, p.55, 2011).

• What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit.

This study’s research questions are factual and inferential.

The specific research question for this investigation is “How do the caregivers of family members with heart failure make decisions during the care?” (Sanford et al, p.55, 2011).

 Additionally, the study will evaluate on issues that hinder caregivers from making an effective decision and how they feel about the decisions they make. How other family members participate during decision making; and how the decision-making process is influenced by other people or circumstances will also be evaluated (Sanford et al, p.59, 2011).

• Did the authors describe the design of this study? If so, give a description.

This design used is a qualitative grounded theory method. The purpose of the study is to establish a theory about heart failure patient’s caregivers and their decision making processes supported/ rooted/ grounded by observations made (Sanford, Et al p.58, 2011).

• What characteristics does this study possess that are qualitative in nature? Review Chapter 2.

The study inquiry is naturalistic; this research explores natural cognitive processes undertaken by caregivers during decision making. The interviews are non-manipulative and are open to whatever theory emerges

 Data collection is qualitative in nature: study data is collected through observations, in-depth inquiry on caregivers perspective and experiences

The analysis strategy is inductive and creatively synthesized:  the researchers immerse into details provided by the caregivers of family members with HF to discover the underlying themes and theory. The study initiates by exploring decision-making processes, and then analytical principles confirm the established theory.

 Additionally, data analysis assumes unique orientation for each case; the first stage of analysis involves capturing individual cases under investigation.

All these are characteristics of the qualitative study (Houser, p133, 2013).

• Is this study retrospective or perspective? Explain your answer.

This research was prospective because of the research aimed at seeking the impacts of effective decision-making processes. Investigating the participants for one year, other factors which influence caregiver decision-making processes were evaluated to establish a common outcome of interest.

• What is the evidence that this journal is peer-reviewed? Does the journal have an editorial board? (Look for the journal’s website to discover this information)

The article is peer-reviewed. Before their work was published in the international journal; the research findings must have been reviewed by the journal’s editorial board to ensure that the article information is original; up to date with their manuscript preparation format and copyright agreements i.e. no conflict of interest between the authors.  Additionally, author’s credentials are included in the article, indicating that the authors are reputable.

• Is there evidence of any conflict of interest? Do the authors have any potential financial gain from the results of this study?

There is no conflict of interest. Most likely, the research was non-profit and its intent was to broaden nursing health care knowledge on quality Heart failure disease care.

• Describe the population for this study.

The study recruited a total of 20 subjects from inpatient hospitals, adult care facilities and cardiology offices.  The study duration was one year- from 2008-2009. To enhance study heterogeneity, five caregivers of HF family members participated in an open-ended interview which lasted for 45minutes-2 hours for each of the four stages (Sanford et al, p. 59, 2011). The participants must be related to the HF patient and were actively involved in caregiving decision making processes.

• How was the sample selected? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this sampling strategy?

Population sample was chosen using purposive sampling technique i.e. selection based on population information/ characteristics which are valuable for the study. Selection criteria included that the participants must have family members with heart failure. The study population selected could describe the researcher’s phenomenon effectively. The main strength of this sampling strategy is that it is very useful when studying a targeted population, especially where sampling proportionality is not a concern. The main weakness is its potential to biases which would affect the validity of study deductions (Creswell, p. 132, 2013).

• Were the subjects in this study vulnerable? Were there any risks for them as the result of participation in the research study?

The subjects were not vulnerable. There are no specific hazards indicated in the article. 

• Are there any HIPAA concerns that are evident in this study?

No. Researchers had permission to conduct their study from the relevant ethical structure; any HIPAA concerns must have been addressed by then. Additionally, informed consents were obtained from every participant during the interview to ensure that the participants had enrolled willingly.

The following questions pertain to: Schwarz, K., Mion, P., Hudock, D., & Litman, G. (2008). Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: A pilot randomized controlled study. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23(1), 18–26.

• What is the purpose of this research?

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate post discharge telemonitoring strategy effectiveness on decreasing re-hospitalizations, emergency department incidences and lengthening the interval between discharge and re-hospitalizations of patients diagnosed with HF. Additionally, the study evaluated the patient’s quality of life, care givers experiences and associated depressive symptomatology Schwarz, Et al., p.18, 2008).

• What is the research question (or questions)? This may be implicit or explicit.

The research questions were both implicit and explicit (Schwarz, Et al., P.19, 2008).

 Are hospital admission, ED cases and cost of patient care reducing significantly for EHM-HF patients in comparison to standard care?

 Is the rate of depressive signs lesser for HF patients with EHM as compared to ordinary care?

Do caregiver experiences, patient social care and EHM lower risks of HF patient’s readmission?

• Did the authors describe the design of this study? If so, give a description.

 Randomized Controlled Trial (pilot study) is the investigation design used to evaluate if hospital admission, ED visits incidences and cost of health care decrease considerably for HF patients under EHM  care as compared to usual standard care. Randomized controlled Trial divides the sample into two groups; the control group and the intervention group.

• What characteristics does this study possess that are quantitative in nature? Review Chapter 2.

 Data collected in form of numbers and statistics: data generated were analyzed using descriptive and comparative statistical techniques (Creswell, p.26, 2013). The final report is statistically reported with correlations

 The research questions are objective: For instance, are hospital admission, ED visits incidences and health care costs decreasing considerably for HF patients under EHM  care as compared to ordinary standard care? (Schwarz, Et al., P.19, 2008).

 Sampling variability: The sampling strategy applied in this study was the randomized control trials

 Strategy analysis is deductive i.e. the researchers  initiated the study  by formulating a hypothesis; then using  data collected, a theory in line  (supported by empirical data) with the study objectives is formulated

 These traits are attributed to quantitative research approach (Houser, p.35, 2013).

• Is this study retrospective or perspective? Explain your answer.

The prospective study evaluates how a situation influenced a group of subjects with shared characteristics over a certain duration. In this case, researchers evaluated if hospital admission and total health care cost reduced considerably for EHM patients as compared to ordinary care.

• What is the evidence that this journal is peer-reviewed? Does the journal have an editorial board? (Look for the journal’s website to discover this information)

This journal is peer-reviewed. Researchers sought for approval from Institutional Review Board.  Additionally, the Authors affiliation and supporting sponsors (University of Akron College of Nursing) are listed. Before their work was published in the international journal; the research findings must have been reviewed by the journal’s editorial board to ensure that the paper’s information was up to date with their manuscript preparation format and copyright agreements were alright i.e. no conflict between the authors.

• Is there evidence of any conflict of interest? Do the authors have any potential financial gain from the results of this study?

There is no conflict of interest. Most likely, the investigation was non-profit and its intent was to broaden nursing health care knowledge in Heart failure disease care.

• Describe the population for this study.

 Population for this research comprised of one hundred and two subjects and 84 dyads. They were randomized into two groups and the study was conducted for 90 days. Patient’s medical history was retrieved from the hospital’s medical accounts. Subjects were interviewed immediately; and 3 months after discharge about the telemonitoring associated depressive symptoms (Schwarz, Et al., P.18, 2008).

• How was the sample selected? What are the strengths and weaknesses of this sampling strategy?

The sampling approach applied in this research was the randomized control trials (Schwarz, Et al., P.18, 2008). The main strength of this study is the control trials where two groups can be compared (treatment and control). Randomization of the process ensures potential biases is reduced. The weakness is the limitation of the external validity and ethical concerns for the control group (Houser Et al., p.135, 2013).

• Were the subjects in this study vulnerable? Were there any risks for them as the result of participation in the research study?

These study participants were vulnerable hospitalized HF patients. No other safeties are indicated or noted in the article. 

• Are there any HIPAA concerns that are evident in this study?

No. This is because Informed consents were obtained from every participant during the interview.  Additionally, the researchers had sought permission from the relevant ethical structure.

Reading Nursing Research Using Creative Evidence References

Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed method approaches (3^rd Ed.)Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage publications

Houser, J. 2013. Nursing research: Reading, using and creating evidence (3rd Ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Schwarz, K., Mion, P., Hudock, D., & Litman, G. (2008). Telemonitoring of heart failure patients and their caregivers: A pilot randomized controlled study. Progress in Cardiovascular Nursing, 23(1), 18–26.

Sanford, J., Townsend-Rocchicciolli, J., Horigan, A., & Hall, P. (2011). A process of decision making by caregivers of family members with heart failure. Research & Theory for Nursing Practice, 25(1), 55–70.