Review the Learning Resources for this week in preparation to complete this Assignment.
Reflect on the basic function and structure of the neuron in relation to the central nervous system.
Reflect on the inter-connectedness between neurons and the central nervous system, including the pathway and distribution of electrical impulses.
Reflect on how neurons communicate with each other and review the concept of neuroplasticity.
In 4 or 5 sentences, describe the anatomy of the basic unit of the nervous system, the neuron. Include each part of the neuron and a general overview of electrical impulse conduction, the pathway it travels, and the net result at the termination of the impulse. Be specific and provide examples.
Answer the following (listing is acceptable for these questions):
What are the major components that make up the subcortical structures?
Which component plays a role in learning, memory, and addiction?
What are the two key neurotransmitters located in the nigra striatal region of the brain that play a major role in motor control?
In 3 or 4 sentences, explain how glia cells function in the central nervous system. Be specific and provide examples.
The synapse is an area between two neurons that allows for chemical communication. In 3 or 4 sentences, explain what part of the neurons are communicating with each other and in which direction does this communication occur? Be specific.
In 3–5 sentences, explain the concept of “neuroplasticity.” Be specific and provide examples.
Camprodon, J. A., & Roffman, J. L. (2016). Psychiatric neuroscience: Incorporating pathophysiology into clinical case formulation. In T. A. Stern, M. Favo, T. E. Wilens, & J. F. Rosenbaum. (Eds.), Massachusetts General Hospital psychopharmacology and neurotherapeutics (pp. 1–19). Elsevier.
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Strengthening accountability to ensure the fulfillment of promises made between citizens, governments and health institutions,
compare and contrast the countries that use the Beveridge Model in their ability to expand health coverage across their population; provide the health services offered; and provide affordable care for both the people (pro-poor reform) and the country (financial solvency and sustainability).
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Progressive Universalism: expanding coverage while ensuring that the poor and vulnerable are not left behind;
Strategic Purchasing: expanding the statutory benefits package and developing incentives for its effective delivery by health-care providers;
Progressive Universalism
Raising revenues to finance health care in fiscally sustainable ways;
Improving the availability and quality of health-care providers; and,
Strengthening accountability to ensure the fulfillment of promises made between citizens, governments and health institutions,
Progressive Universalism
compare and contrast the countries from this week’s reading that use the National Health Insurance Plan in their ability to expand health coverage across their population; provide the health services offered; and provide affordable care for both the people (pro-poor reform) and the country (financial solvency and sustainability).
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Consider individuals, departments, teams, and/or resources within Walden University and within your profession that you believe can support your academic and professional success.
Identify at least two academic and at least two professional individuals, colleagues, or teams that might help you succeed in your MSN program and as a practicing nurse.
Download the Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Template.
Professional Development Plan
The Assignment:
Academic and Professional Network
Complete Part 1 of your Academic Success and Professional Development Plan Template. Be sure to address the following:
Identify at least two academic and at least two professional individuals or teams to collaborate with to be successful in your MSN program and as a practicing nurse.
Professional Development Plan
Explain why you selected these individuals and/or teams and how they will support your success in the MSN program and as a practicing nurse.
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Congratulations on your selection for an RN position with the Washington, DC VA Medical Center.
The salary determination process for Registered Nurses is determined by a panel of your peers (Nurse Professional Standards Board or NPSB) against the Four Dimension of Nursing Practice.
The responsibility of the NPSB is to ensure that you meet established qualifications and subsequently establish a pay level recommendation. As such, your response to the Four Dimensions has a direct impact on the establishment of your pay.
The following guidance is provided to optimize your success with this process. Your thoughtful responses to each of the criteria within the Four Dimensions are critical to the outcome of your salary determination.
The NPSB has an opportunity to qualify you at one of three grades: Nurse I, Nurse II, or Nurse III. Within Nurse I, there are also three levels—Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. When considering your responses, be advised of the following qualification standards for each grade:
Nurse I: Associate Degree/Diploma required. In each of the Four Dimensions, the Board is looking for INDIVIDUAL growth and development in clinical practice to increasing levels of self direction.
Nurse II: Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing required. (Associate in Nursing/Diploma with Bachelor’s in health-related field may be considered). In each of the Four Dimensions, the Board will expect UNIT level contributions and leadership.
Nurse III: Master’s Degree in Nursing required. (BSN with Master’s in health-related field may be considered). In each of the Four Dimensions, SUSTAINED LEADERSHIP resulting in program contributions and outcomes BEYOND THE UNIT/PRACTICE SETTING. That is, involvement at the ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL is expected.
NOTE: Both educational requirements and meeting the Four Dimension standards for that particular grade are required to be recommended for that grade.
The Four Dimensions of Nursing Practice are as follows:
• Nursing Practice (Practice, Ethics, Resource Utilization);
• Professional Role-Leadership (Education/Career Development, Performance);
• Collaboration (Collegiality, Collaboration) and
• Scientific Inquiry (Quality of Care, Research). NOTE:
Leadership is not one of the dimensions, but leadership principles are expected to be woven throughout the established categories.
Each of the criteria should be addressed by you citing examples (at least one) to support the qualifications standards.
One example may suffice to support all criteria under a single Dimension, but all criteria must be met…NOT just the Dimension. As a template for your response, the following guidance is offered:
What was done? – ACTION
For Whom? – POPULATION
What difference did it make? – OUTCOME
When? – SUSTAINABILITY
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Addressing the Four Dimensions of Nursing Practice
The following guidance is provided to optimize your success with this process. Your thoughtful responses to each of the criteria within the Four Dimensions are critical to the outcome of your salary determination.
Nurse Professional Standards Board Documentation
The NPSB has an opportunity to qualify you at one of three grades: Nurse I, Nurse II, or Nurse III. Within Nurse I, there are also three levels—Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3. When considering your responses, be advised of the following qualification standards for each grade:
Nurse I: Associate Degree/Diploma required. In each of the Four Dimensions, the Board is looking for INDIVIDUAL growth and development in clinical practice to increasing levels of self direction.
Nurse Professional Standards Board Documentation
Nurse II: Bachelor’s Degree in Nursing required. (Associate in Nursing/Diploma with Bachelor’s in health-related field may be considered). In each of the Four Dimensions, the Board will expect UNIT level contributions and leadership.
Nurse III: Master’s Degree in Nursing required. (BSN with Master’s in health-related field may be considered).
In each of the Four Dimensions, SUSTAINED LEADERSHIP resulting in program contributions and outcomes BEYOND THE UNIT/PRACTICE SETTING. That is, involvement at the ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL is expected.
Nurse Professional Standards Board Documentation
NOTE: Both educational requirements and meeting the Four Dimension standards for that particular grade are required to be recommended for that grade.
The Four Dimensions of Nursing Practice are as follows:
• Nursing Practice (Practice, Ethics, Resource Utilization);
• Professional Role-Leadership (Education/Career Development, Performance);
• Collaboration (Collegiality, Collaboration) and
• Scientific Inquiry (Quality of Care, Research). NOTE:
Leadership is not one of the dimensions, but leadership principles are expected to be woven throughout the established categories.
Each of the criteria should be addressed by you citing examples (at least one) to support the qualifications standards.
One example may suffice to support all criteria under a single Dimension, but all criteria must be met…NOT just the Dimension. As a template for your response, the following guidance is offered:
What was done? – ACTION
For Whom? – POPULATION
What difference did it make? – OUTCOME
When? – SUSTAINABILITY
Criteria Nurse I Nurse II Nurse III
Nursing Practice PRACTICE Demo Independence;
No charge activities required Demo Leadership;
Charge Nurse/Unit Level Leadership at Service, Service Line, or Medical Center Level; looking for organized processes or systems
ETHICS Assumes responsibility for Individual judgments/actions Serves as resource in indentifying ethical issues Leadership in anticipating risks, resolving ethical issues and dilemmas, analyzing trends, and taking appropriate action
RESOURCE UTILIZATION Effectively plans/directs flow of patient care and nursing resources Identifies potential problems involving resources or pt safety and takes action to avert (Team/Unit) Manages and analyzes resources, evaluates options and takes actions that impact organization outcomes beyond the unit/practice area.
Professional Role EDUCATION/CAREER DEVELOPMENT Seeks knowledge for indiv competency (indiv educ plan/reads health care literature) Participates in educational activities to enhance role performance at the unit/team level Implements educational plan to meet changing needs of program/ service
PERFORMANCE Incorporates feedback into personal development (self-assessment) Self-evaluation and evaluation of others Self-evaluation and evaluation of program or service effectiveness (recommending/implementing changes)
Collaboration COLLEGIALITY Attends/participates in staff meetings and in-services. Educates colleagues, preceptor and mentoring roles Coaches in team building: active involvement in group accomplishments; sharing expertise outside of the facility.
COLLABORATION Team participation, interpersonal skills, develops collaborative plans of care Uses group process to identify, analyze, and resolve care problems Leadership and decision-making role in use of group process for interdisciplinary problem-solving beyond unit/practice setting.
Scientific Inquiry QUALITY OF CARE Use QI findings to guide OWN practice (NOT the RN providing quality care) Participates in QI activities (data collection, analysis, recommendations, etc) at the Unit level Initiates/Leads QI activities at the program, service, and/or facility level
RESEARCH Awareness of research; uses to validate/change own practice Uses research to validate or change Work group/Team practice Demonstrates leadership in collaboration with others in research activities, across programs/services, to validate & improve practice
The Four Dimensions of Nursing Practice are as follows:
• Nursing Practice (Practice, Ethics, Resource Utilization);
• Professional Role-Leadership (Education/Career Development, Performance);
• Collaboration (Collegiality, Collaboration) and
• Scientific Inquiry (Quality of Care, Research).
NOTE: Practice, Ethics, Resource Utilization, Education/Career Development, Performance, Collegiality, Collaboration, Quality of Care, Research all make up the 9 criteria.
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This assignment aims to apply health promotion concepts, theories and models, and assessment, implementation, and evaluation processes in the development of a health promotion plan.
Health Promotion Plan
INSTRUCTIONS
Prepare
Use the MS Powerpoint template to prepare your assignment: Part 2–Template.1219.pptxOpen this document with ReadSpeaker docReader
You will not be required to record the presentation, only develop the content.
Use the recommended resources to support your plan development:
Focus-on-logic-model-a-planning-and-evaluation tool.pdf Open this document with ReadSpeaker docReader [Handout]
Handout_Planning_Goals-Objectives-Strategies.pdfOpen this document with ReadSpeaker docReader [Handout]
County Health Rankings & Roadmaps OR State Health Rankings
Healthy People 2030
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SAMHSA’s six key principles for a trauma-informed approach to Trauma
SAMHSA’s six key principles for a trauma-informed approach to Trauma
SAMHSA’s six key principles for a trauma-informed approach to Trauma
Instructions:
Students will choose a specific type or aspect of trauma that interests them.
Using scholarly references, the paper will include a comprehensive overview of the type (or aspect) of trauma, a critical analysis of the biopsychosocial factors affecting trauma exposure and recovery, a brief discussion of the best practices for intervention, application of SAMHSA’s six key principles for a trauma-informed approach, and personal reflections.
Write the final paper using the following headings to structure your writing, and include references page.
SAMHSA’s six key principles for a trauma-informed approach to Trauma
Introduction – Briefly describe the focus and purpose of the paper. The introduction should give your reader an understanding of the dimension of trauma you will focus on, and the level of social work intervention you will address (1/2 page).
Overview of Trauma – Drawing from the professional literature, provide a detailed examination of the type and nature of the trauma, prevalence, specific characteristics, its impact across several domains (psychological, emotional, spiritual, etc.).
Describe any relevant DSM-5 or mental health diagnoses for a person exposed to this type of trauma, if appropriate (2-3 pages).
Biopsychosocial Factors- Discuss how the context of a person’s environment influences an individual or community’s exposure and response to this type of trauma.
Evaluate both risk and protective factors impacting one’s exposure to and response to trauma.
Include personal characteristics, as well as a discussion of any social, cultural and economic justice factors that may affect the client’s vulnerability to this trauma, the availability of and access to services, and any unique challenges in recovery (e.g., social class, gender, ethnicity, age, religion, etc.) (1 ½-2 pages).
Intervention/Core Trauma Competencies – Briefly review the professional literature on best practices for intervening with this type of trauma, whether micro and macro responses (1 page).
SAMHSA’s six key principles for a trauma-informed approach to Trauma
Discuss how a practitioner would apply SAMHSA’s six key principles in treating this type of trauma (safety, trustworthiness, collaboration, empowerment, peer support, culture, gender & historical issues). Be specific when describing the application of these principles in practice (2- 3 pages total).
Student should include a minimum of six (6) references from professional literature regarding best practices, including a minimum of three (3) peer-reviewed journals.
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The Understanding the Arguments for Universal Health Care video
The Understanding the Arguments for Universal Health Care video
The Understanding the Arguments for Universal Health Care video
Instructions:
After you have read this week’s readings, watch the Understanding the Arguments for Universal Health Care video.
The Understanding the Arguments for Universal Health Care video
Discuss the pros and cons of universal health care and provide your thoughts on whether Universal Healthcare is ideal for countries when considering high-quality health services involves the right care, at the right time, responding to the service users’ needs and preferences, while minimizing harm and resource waste.
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Ivy, age 23, is a white woman who graduated from college last year. She began working as an accountant one month after graduating. Approximately two months ago, she moved into a two -bedroom apartment with another woman who works at the same accounting firm.
She states that her roommate recommended that she sees a doctor to find out if she has anemia or “some sort of fatigue syndrome.” She states that she has felt “restless” and “on edge” for most of the past nine months.
Case Study Questions – Anxiety Disorder
She becomes easily fatigued and irritable and has difficulty concentrating and falling asleep. She states that sometimes her mind “just goes blank,” and she is worried that her work performance is no longer excellent.
Although she has been “a worrier from the day I was born,” now she worries more than she ever has and feels nervous “all the time.” Ivy reports that she has a good relationship with her boyfriend, but they do not get to see each other very often because he is attending graduate school 100 miles away.
She reports having a satisfying sexual relationship with him. She denies having any problems with relationships with her parents, roommate, or peers. She denies having any financial worries unless she is fired from her job for poor work performance.
Case Study Questions – Anxiety Disorder
She reports that she has always been healthy and has taken good care of herself. The only medication she takes is birth control pills, which she has taken for the past four years without any adverse effects.
I started some already but I need help. Read the case study on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and answer the8 questions related to reading and other outside sources. I would like to try to keep what I have and my sources and just build from there. Do you think that will be OK?
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is one of the mental health disorders set apart by a feeling of worry, fear, restlessness, or feeling of impending doom. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 1 in 13 persons suffers from anxiety.
Case Study Questions – Anxiety Disorder
The WHO reports that anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders worldwide with specific phobia, major depressive disorder, and social phobia being the most common anxiety disorders (WHO, 2021 ? find here >> https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2174588/ ).
Anxiety can usually be self- diagnosable as with Ivy in this case study. Women, unlike men, are twice as likely to be affected with GAD (Woo & Robinson, 2020).
Just making it through a simple day causes anxiety and like with Ivy, the 6.8 million adults with GAD do not know how to stop the worry cycle and feel out of control or even things are beyond their control.
GAD can interfere with a person’s daily events and actives as with Ivy. For nine months Ivy has had trouble concentrating at work and now worries about her job security and performance (ADAA, 2021).
SSRIs can be used as the first-line medication for Ivy’s anxiety disorder. SSRIs cause more serotonin- 5-HT- in your brain to be available therefore improving anxiety as well as mood (Woo & Robinson, 2020).
Question 1. List specific treatment goals for Ivy. Treatment goals for Ivy include staying compliant with her new medication regime of SSRI- Lexapro 10 mg PO once daily, keeping follow-up appointments to assess and evaluate new medication responses and therapeutic outcomes, better sleep, increase quality in work performance.
Participate in psychotherapy (cognitive-behavioral/solution-focused) **For #1 need to include National guidelines for treatment plans and options- please look at US Preventive Services Task Force https://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf/recommendation-topics
American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines
https://psychiatryonline.org › guidelines
American Psychiatric Association (APA) practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for the assessment and treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Case Study Questions – Anxiety Disorder
Question 2. What drug therapy would you prescribe? Why? As mentioned before, SSRIs are used as the first-line medication with a new diagnosis of GAD with a safer and lower side-effect profile (Woo & Robinson, 2020).
I would start Ivy on Escitalopram (Lexapro) 10mg PO once daily, this dose may be increased after response, and tolerability is assessed to a maximum of 20mg once daily (Lexicomp, 2021).
Lexapro chemical action blocks the transport mechanism that helps return 5-HT that is unbound from returning into the presynaptic neuron therefore more 5-HT is increased and available for the brain to blind to the postsynaptic serotonin receptor.
This in turn can decrease symptoms of anxiety (Woo & Robinson, 2020). The effectiveness of the different SSRIs over each other measures the same with similar outcomes (Woo & Robinson, 2020) (Riley et al., 2009).
Question 3. What are the parameters for monitoring the success of the therapy?
Question 4. Describe specific patient monitoring based on the prescribed therapy.
Question 5. List one or two adverse reactions for the selected agent that would cause you to change therapy. Look and read UpToDate and Lexicomp under Escitalopram (Lexapro)
Question 6. What would be the choice for second-line therapy? According to Lexicomp Zoloft would be the second-line medication for Ivy.
Question 7. What dietary and lifestyle changes should be recommended for this patient? According to Woo & Robinson (2020) exercise (no matter the person’s intensity) can be a constrictive part in reducing the symptoms of anxiety.
Exercises such as brisk walks, yoga, and meditation can be helpful for Ivy’s treatment. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can also be beneficial to the person with GAD as well as Ivy’s boyfriend or even her roommate.
Case Study Questions – Anxiety Disorder
CBT uses psych-social interventions aimed to improve anxiety by drawing focuses on changing cognitive distortion such as thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes as well as managing coping strategies that target personal problem solving and enhancing overall wellbeing (Menzies, et al., 2016).
Alcohol consumption should be avoided for Ivy. Alcohol can enhance the side effects causing increased psychomotor impairment[UptoDate,2021].
Question 8. Describe one or two drug-drug or drug-food interactions for the selected agent.
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