Rhetorically Analyzing Op-ed Newspaper 4 different Articles-( op-ed columnists (opinion and editorial columnists) from one of the major reputable newspapers at the bottom of the next page (from the Opinion/Editorial section—not News, Entertainment, or Sports articles, informational features, reviews of products, or blogs). For this assignment, elect an op-ed columnist from one of the major reputable newspapers (from the Opinion/Editorial section—not News, Entertainment, or Sports articles, informational features, reviews of products, or blogs). Print the articles, and put them in a three- ring binder. Each article must be from a different week beginning with this week— August 24-30—and ending the week of September 14-20. If you are accessing them online, ensure that you copy the URL and the date you downloaded the article. If you are cutting from a hard-copy newspaper, write the date of publication on the printed copy. For each article, compile an MLA citation (Works Cited page). Consult Purdue University’s Online Writing Lab (OWL) for correct formatting. Learn how to copy and paste online articles without getting all the peripheral junk. Look for a Print Option, which will copy only the column. You can cut and paste that copy onto a Word document that you can manipulate to fit the pages of your notebook paper. For each article, you must type a double-spaced commentary. Note the detailed requirements and model that are displayed on the next sheet: ? Mention the author’s full name and the article’s title in your opening sentence. Correctly punctuate the article’s title and the newspaper’s title. ? Have a clear thesis statement, following the format below: In ______________ (article’s title), ______________ (author’s name) shifts from _____________ (tone) to _____________ (tone) by using _______________ (rhetorical devices), _______________ (rhetorical devices), and __________________ (rhetorical devices), proving that _____________________________ (universal idea). ? In your body paragraphs, show how the author illustrates his/her universal idea through the use of the selected adjectives, tone/attitude words, strong verbs, and thorough rhetorical analyses. ? Each response must be a five-paragraph essay. Avoid the “kiss of death.”
NEWSPAPERS: The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Boston Globe, Chicago Sun-Times, Chicago Tribune, Miami Herald, Detroit Free Press, LA Times, Wall Street Journal, London Times
SAMPLE ANSWER
Current events
Different newspapers have op-ed articles on various topics especially on the current events happening in different locations. Op-ed articles incorporate different aspects and therefore they require authors to be versed with the current news. This paper analyses various op-ed articles by James Bovard from various newspapers on different topics. The op-ed articles cover duration from August to the last week of 14–20 September.
In the article, Bill Clinton’s Body-Snatching Legacy, Bovard explores on the decision of the then American president Bill Clinton to bomb Serbia in the year 1999. The author uses various styles and rhetoric devices to deliver his message to the readers. The article is mixed with opinions as well as evidence from different sources. The quotes of parties relating to the attack and the events after are well presented. The opening remarks applauds the then US president Clinton for his public recommended on his devotion in championing human rights. This however, is contrasted with what the European Union task force came up with. The group claims that the decision to bomb Serbia saw atrocities such as murder; sell of kidney, livers and other body parts increase. During this bombing, the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) participated in unlawful abductions, killings illegal detentions, army disappearance, sexual violence, destruction of churches and religious sites among many others. The article as well incorporates past information in ensuring that the arguments raised are substantial and credible. For instance, events in the future such as the erection of Clinton statute in Serbia in 1999 and the other attacks such as Bush attack on Iraq and Obama attack on Libya helps to make the argument stronger
The author also uses figures and statistics that indicate indepth research. For instance, he states that in 2003, 70% of the Serbian people that lived in Kosovo in 1999 had already fled. Therefore, Albanian who made up 95% dominated Kosovo. The language and word choice is also good. The author uses simple English to deliver his message. The sentences are mixture of long and short something that makes the article clear and easy to read.
In the article, ‘How the Feds Distort Their ‘Food Insecurity’ Numbers’, Bovard presents an argument of how the federal government distorts the numbers relating to food insecurity. He uses various rhetoric devices with a harsh tone to present his opinions and fact.
He is very categorical and accurate in his arguments. He opens the article by quoting the date that the department of Agriculture released their annual results on the Household Food security in US survey that was done for the year 2013. The argument is strengthened by use of facts and statistics. For instance, he states that the survey indicated that 49 million Americans were food insecure a decrease from 14.5 when compared to the year 2012. Despise these statistics, politicians and pundits use the numbers in a wrongful manner to proof the national hunger crisis.
The democrats are known to have a history of using the surveys statistics in a wrongful way. The author as well uses quotes from prominent personalities such as Obama to develop his arguments. Sourcing information from various sources makes the article appear credible and reliable. Even after elapse of 40 years since declaration war on hunger by President Nixon, it is astounding that no accurate measures have been taken to remedy the situation as millions of Americans continue to lack food.
The article is very clear and professional. The author even though uses simple words and simple sentences, it is organized and easy to read and understand. The tone has remained strong; there is a sense of bitterness and carelessness among the leaders hence the reason why many people continue to suffer. The tones and the themes in the article therefore resonate.
In the article, FFF: FDR Farm Folly Lessons for ObamaCare, Bovard blames the political class for falling to take appropriate actions to ensure that the people lead better lives. He uses various rhetorical devices to get his message across. Bovard wants politicians to learn lessons from the ObamaCare and change their way of making decisions. Politicians need to recognize their relent and follies to ensure that they make good decisions.
The author incorporates history in making clarification on the current problems that the people are facing. For instance, he uses Franklin Roosevelt to exemplify how political classes double down on their follies. Farmers are always the most affected, politicians manipulate farm prices just to get the votes. Some of these decisions are reasonable as they disrupt agriculture which impacts on the lives of many people.
The author as well uses a number of authoritative sources of information such as USDA to defend his opinions and views. The language used is simple and the tone is moderate.
In the AmeriCorps at 20 is a wasteful flop: column James Bovard presents a clear argument about the failure of the program using different rhetorical devices such as quotations, questions and history to demonstrate the fact the program has failed.
The article opens with the recent welcome of the AmeriCorps recruits in White House for the 20th anniversary. The program was started in 1994 by the former US president Bill Clinton with the aim of serving the nation. However, over the years, the program has not achieved any substantial achievement. The organization has 75,000 members who continue to receive salary and education benefits for various tasks such as social, education among other projects without any impact on the society. Other government institutions duplicate some of the roles played by the organization.
The author incorporates quotes and information from different sources making the article credible and comprehensive. For instance, in 2003, there was a complaint from the Office of Management and Budget that the organisation gave more emphasis on the time an individual serves as opposed to the impact the entity has on the community.
1) “Westward Expansion” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q16OZkgSXfM&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s
a) Turner argued that the great frontier is responsible for generating American ideals such as individualism, political democracy, and what?
b) Most frontier people did go out as individuals but rather as what?
c) Many states almost went bankrupt financing what?
d) What arose around South Dakota among Native Americans?
e) About when did all Indian wars end Natives defeated?
f) The Dawes Act of 1887 did what?
g) How many acres of land did the Native Americans ultimately lose as a result?
h) What happened to Native children in boarding schools?
i) Why did cowboys drive herds of cattle to specific places like Abiline and Dodge City?
j) Farming families were growing crops like WHAT to compete internationally in markets?
How do you see the New South having evolved to its potential (or to less than its potential) in its heartland, Atlanta/GA?
uSE ONLY THIS BOOK (AMERICAS HISTORY,VOLUME 2,SEVENTH EDITION
a) Why did so many people move to places like Nebraska to farm profitably?
b) By the 1890s what was the second largest city in the US (after New York)?
c) When the Irish immigrated in large masses, immigrants from what other European nation also came in large numbers? (hint, beer)
d) The next wave of immigrants, however, during the turn of the century, came from what parts of Europe?
e) What religions did these new immigrants tend to embrace?
f) In several cases, the Supreme Court had to order San Francisco to do what?
g) How many days did it take to arrive in the US from Europe via new passenger ships?
h) Why did cities like New York pass laws requiring minimum light and ventilation in buildings and neighborhoods?
i) In Gilded Age cities, the rich and poor lived…how? (vis-à-vis each other)
a) Mark Twain coined what term/phrase that labeled this era?
b) What was Tammany Hall?
c) How many dollars did Tammany Hall get for every dollar a contractor received?
d) What did Tammany Hall politicians expect in return for helping people?
e) Under Grant, the Credit Mobilier scandal involved what crimes/breaches of ethics?
f) In the West, farmers became politically active over what issue?
g) Why did farmers establish The Grange Movement in the 1870s?
h) All the farming movements eventually merged into what political party?
i) What were THREE things this party wanted? (Hint: among everything on the animated chalk board)
j) So Populist were some western states that they even let who vote??
k) What issue would lead to the demise of this party because of fears of inflation?
l) William Jennings Bryan once gave a famous speech saying the US was “crucified on a cross of…” what?
m) Who gave McKinley an unprecedented amount of money to campaign?
SAMPLE ANSWER
Westward Expansion (questions and answers)
1) “Westward Expansion”
a) Turner argued that the great frontier is responsible for generating American ideals such as individualism, political democracy, and what? Economic mobility
b) Most frontier people did go out as individuals but rather as what? They went as part of the immigrant groups.
c) Many states almost went bankrupt financing what? Railway construction
d) What arose around South Dakota among Native Americans? Ghost dance movement
e) About when did all Indian wars end Natives defeated? 1890.
f) The Dawes Act of 1887 did what? Helps in reverting Indians land back to individual families as opposed to tribes
g) How many acres of land did the Native Americans ultimately lose as a result? 86million acres
h) What happened to Native children in boarding schools? Indians were forcefully removed from families to boarding schools to be taught English
i) Why did cowboys drive herds of cattle to specific places like Abiline and Dodge City? Because of the presence of railroad and availability of meat processing plant j) Farming families were growing crops like WHAT to compete internationally in markets? Wheat and corn
*How do you see the New South having evolved to its potential (or to less than its potential) in its heartland, Atlanta/GA?
New South expanded and evolved achieving success in different spheres. The region has come to embrace cohesion as whites and blacks coexist. This has helped to achieve equality as all the citizens regardless of their color have equal rights such as rights to elect their preferred candidates as well as access to different job openings on a competitive level. The economy of the region has also improved to greater levels because of participation of all the citizens regardless of their races (Henretta, Edwards & Self, 2011). Farming has expanded into commercialization. Industrialization expanded the number of land. Irrigation and agrochemical was embraced in farming. Large corporations have taken charge in farming contributing to expansion of the markets. Trade expansion caters for the expanding international markets.
2) “Growth, Cities, Immigration”:
a) Why did so many people move to places like Nebraska to farm profitably? To take advantage of the thriving agriculture-golden age. Demand of agricultural products increased because of increase in number of cities.
b) By the 1890s what was the second largest city in the US (after New York)? Chicago
c) When the Irish immigrated in large masses, immigrants from what other European nation also came in large numbers? (hint, beer) Germany
d) The next wave of immigrants, however, during the turn of the century, came from what parts of Europe? Italy, Russia. Austria-Hungary
e) What religions did these new immigrants tend to embrace? Jews and Christians
f) In several cases, the Supreme Court had to order San Francisco to do what? Grant Chinese operant licenses to operate, American born Chinese of Americans were entitled to American citizenship
g) How many days did it take to arrive in the US from Europe via new passenger ships? 8-12 days
h) Why did cities like New York pass laws requiring minimum light and ventilation in buildings and neighborhoods? Conditions in the city were very bad. The cities had many pick-pocketers
i) In Gilded Age cities, the rich and poor lived…how? (vis-à-vis each other) Hard to make ends meet lives. The rich and poor were in close proximity. The gap between rich and poor was visible between these two groups of people.
3) “Gilded Age Politics”: a) Mark Twain coined what term/phrase that labeled this era? Gilded age, ‘the tell of today”
b) What was Tammany Hall? Political machine house mandated with the duties of helping democratic politicians ascend to power. It was known for perpetrating corruption
c) How many dollars did Tammany Hall get for every dollar a contractor received? 2 dollars
d) What did Tammany Hall politicians expect in return for helping people? Expected votes to make them stay in power to take charge of contracts.
e) Under Grant, the Credit Mobilier scandal involved what crimes/breaches of ethics? Overcharging the public for construction cost, siphoning of profits from Credit Mobilier, bribery of congress men, more partisan as speakers and republican were implicated, whisky ring scandal, tax evasion by reducing the number of bottles.
f) In the West, farmers became politically active over what issue? Freight/rail rates
g) Why did farmers establish The Grange Movement in the 1870s? To establish fair railway rates and warehouse charges
h) All the farming movements eventually merged into what political party? People party
i) What were THREE things this party wanted? (Hint: among everything on the animated chalk board)
Government ownership of railway, graduated income tax, recognition of rights of laborer to form unions, government control of currency and free coinage of silver to produce more money
j) So Populist were some western states that they even let who vote?? Women
k) What issue would lead to the demise of this party because of fears of inflation? Inflation of silver.
l) William Jennings Bryan once gave a famous speech saying the US was “crucified on a cross of…” what? Gold
m) Who gave McKinley an unprecedented amount of money to campaign? Business class
Reference
Henretta, J., Edwards, R., & Self, R. (2011). America’s History, Volume 2: Since 1865 Paperback, US; Bedford/St. Martin’s Publisher.
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
Two-page Document – Students will write a two page document analyzing their chosen career field, including salary information and projected demand. Students will also be expected to cite and document sources using the American Psychological Association (APA) or Modern Language Association (MLA) format.
Supply chain management is my field.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Supply Chain Management
Many career options are available to people with different ambitions and interests. Selecting the preferred career field is, therefore, an important aspect for any student as this determines their future. My career field is supply chain management. The author analyses this career, providing various aspects such as salary and projected demands.
Supply Chain Management is one of the courses offered in many universities to help address the needs of customers, and at the same time helping entities improve on their performance. The field has various courses that touch on many aspects relating to businesses such as marketers, suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, transporters, retailers, and customers to address and meet the needs of the consumers (Lichocik & Sadowski, 2013). The course aims at imparting skills to learners to help improve organization performance as well as customer satisfaction through devising ways to improve products and service delivery to consumers.
The reason that drove me to pursue the career included the desire to help entities achieve their objectives. My experiences as a consumer as well drove me and heightened my desire to pursue this career field and help to improve service delivery. On several occasions, I have failed to meet my objectives because of poor supply chain management services in my client’s companies. Delays, time wastage, and poor storage among many other problems have faced these entities hampering effective service delivery. The course has equipped me with skills in logistics. I have the capability to examine transportation economics, design networks that are efficient and effective to enhance flow and storage of information and products in a supply chain (Jayaram, Tan & Nachiappan, 2010). The various faces of supply chain management such as organizational, strategic, and tactical are critical to ensuring that as leader and manager, I champion the aspirations of the organization. The field as well equips learners with skills on inventory management and planning, incentive alignments, as well as supply chain execution.
According to Melnyk, Lummus, Vokurka, Burns, and Sandor (2009), supply chain management has become a business ‘fact of life’ as researchers and managers as well as educators appreciate its importance and its impact on the functional performance often measured in terms of cost, lead time, flexibility, and quality. This is a clear indication of the value organizations have attached to this career field over the years. Supply chain managers have become integral part of the management as they take part in crucial decisions at an organizational level. They affect the performance of an entity since they are very influential. The career field is, therefore, one of the best paying in terms of salary packages. The work of supply chain managers is very significant and this is a clear reason for the better perks they receive. Therefore, I have no doubt and regret for pursuing this career path.
Projected demand for supply chain managers has as well continued to grow due to the continued value entities get from the officers. The career is still undergoing major transformation as it now changes from tactical nature where the major focus has been on delivery and cost to a strategic field (Melnyk, Lummus, Vokurka, Burns & Sandor, 2009). The issues or challenges that have faced the organizations can now be addressed appropriately and professionally by supply chain managers, helping them realize their objectives. Even though the number of people pursuing this course over the years has been low, it has started increasing as demand of these managers has increased.
Supply chain management is, therefore, a good career of my choice. I have interest of helping entities achieve high performance by adopting appropriate strategies. I do believe that if an entity has put in place appropriate systems to ensure smooth process and decision-making, the objectives of an entity can be met easily. The career is, therefore, one of the best paying, as well as with higher projected demand.
1. Which of the following occurs naturally as a diatomic element?
A. sodium B. bromine C. silicon D. neon
2. The atomic mass of iron is 55.85 amu. From this we can conclude:
A. every iron atom has a mass of 55.85 amu
B. every iron atom has 55.85 neutrons
C. iron is a combination of atoms of different masses, the average of which is 55.85 amu
D. iron atoms have 55.85 protons
3. Which of the following correctly describes copper?
A. representative element in period 4 and group 11
B. representative element in period 11 and group 4
C. transition element in period 4 and group 11
D. transition element in period 11 and group 4
4. All of the following statements are correct EXCEPT
A. The conversion of compounds into elements is a chemical change.
B. The conversion of C12H22O11 into carbon, hydrogen and oxygen is a chemical change.
C. The conversion of elements into compounds is a chemical change.
D. The conversion of liquid water to gaseous water is a chemical change.
5. The number of neutrons and protons in a given nucleus determines the
A. atomic number B. mass number C. number of isotopes D. number of ions
6. Which of the following is both a metal and a representative element?
A. lithium B. hydrogen C. carbon D. sulfur
7. What is the symbol for lead?
A. Le B. Sn C. Pb D. Bi
8. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the antimony(III) ion, Sb 123
51
3+?
A. 123p, 72n, 123e B. 51p, 72n, 48e
C. 51p, 72n, 51e D. 72p, 51n, 69e9.
9. Which of the following is a correct description of MgCl2?
A. A pure substance that is an element
B. A pure substance that is a compound
C. A pure substance that is a mixture
D. Not a pure substance. It is a mixture.
10. What is the atomic mass of silver?
A. 107.87 amu B. 32.07 amu C. 47 amu D. 16 amu
11. Which of the following phases of matter is the most disorganized?
A. solid B. liquid C. gas
12. Which of the following has the largest atomic number?
A. potassium B. boron C. tin D. lead
13. Which of the following correctly represents the elemental form of hydrogen?
A. 2 H B. H2 C. H+ D. H
14. Which of the following best describes F2?
A. The symbol for the fluorine element
B. The symbol for the fluorine compound
C. The symbol for the fluorine ion
D. The symbol for an isotope of fluorine with a mass number of 2
15. Salt water is an example of a/an
A. element B. compound C. pure substance D. mixture
16. Which of the following describes the difference between Br– and Br?
A. Br is a neutral atom and Br– is an ion with 1 more electron than Br.
B. Br is a neutral atom and Br– is an ion with 1 less electron than Br.
C. Br and Br– are two different isotopes of the same atom.
D. Br is a neutral atom and Br– is an ion with 1 less proton than Br.
17. Part of Dalton’s Atomic Theory tells us:
A. All forms of matter always stays the same
B. Matter can undergo chemical changes, but the atoms rearrange in whole number ratios
C. Matter can undergo chemical changes, but the compounds rearrange in whole number ratios
D. The amount of matter at the end of a reaction is usually greater than the amount at the start
18. Which two subatomic particles have about the same mass?
A. protons and electrons
B. neutrons and electrons
C. protons and neutrons19.
19. How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the 57Fe3+ ion?
A. 57p, 26n, 23e B. 57p, 26n, 54e
C. 26p, 31n, 29e D. 26p, 31n, 23e
20. An element is a pure substance
A. that can be broken down into simpler substances by physical means.
B. in which two or more atoms of different types are found in various proportions.
C. that is the simplest form found in nature, which can be found by chemical means
SAMPLE ANSWER
Chemistry Research Paper
Question 1
bromine
Question 2
every iron atom has a mass of 55.85 amu.
Question 3
transition element in period 4 and group 11
Question 4
The conversion of liquid water to gaseous water is a chemical change.
Question 5
mass number
Question 6
lithium
Question 7
Pb
Question 8
51p, 72n, 48e
Question 9
A pure substance that is a compound
Question 10
107.87 amu
Question 11
gas
Question 12
lead
Question 13
H
Question 14
The symbol for the fluorine compound
Question 15
mixture
Question 16
Br is a neutral atom and Br– is an ion with 1 more electron than Br.
Question 17
Matter can undergo chemical changes, but the atoms rearrange in whole number ratios
Question 18
protons and neutrons
Question 19
26p, 31n, 23e
Question 20
that can be broken down into simpler substances by physical means
Write a critical review of published research article: Trief, P.M., Sandberg, J. G., Dimmock, J. A., Forken, P. J., Weinstock, R. S. (2015). Personal and Relationship Challenges of Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: A Qualitative Focus Group Study. Diabetes Care (36) 2483 – 2488 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1718
1. Your critical review will identify the study design (including research methods) and critically analyse the design in relation to achieving the author(s) aims.
2. The authors of the article address psychosocial factors which are associated with the chronic disease(s). Your critical review will identify and explain how these psychosocial factors impact individuals and/or family and their responses to the chronic illness.
3. Your critical review will explain how (if at all) the article contributes to interdisciplinary knowledge (from the behavioural health sciences) for best practice management of chronic illness.
Referncing :
6. Correct use of APA (6th ed.) formatting of references in-text and in reference list which should include additional academic references to support your claims. You are not expected to provide an extensive list of references for this assignment, as your focus is primarily on your chosen article. However, any resources you use to justify your critique, including reference to the article which you are reviewing, should be referenced according to APA (6th ed.) standards.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Critical Review on Diabetes
Trief and colleagues investigated the psychosocial challenges of adults who live with diabetes type 1, and ways the psychosocial challenges impact the relationship of their partners. The aim of the study was to gain better understanding of these psychosocial issues in order to practice effective management of chronic diseases. The study design is focus group research. The research method is qualitative research. This research method befits this research study because data generated from the focus group is based on insights (not rules) of human behaviors. This is because the study allows all the participants to contribute in discussion as the researchers listen to discussion content such as tone and emotions of the participants, which help the study to either learn or confirm facts. In addition, this method of research helps to paint a portrait of local perspectives such as the regions knowledge of diabetes Type 1, and educational resources available. The focus group selection criteria ensured people have similar characteristics are invited to a single session. For example, there four focus groups where two had patients diagnosed with diabetes type 1 and two with their partners- which increased the quality of data (Trief et al. 2013).
Ways psychosocial challenges influence patient/family response to chronic illness
The research indicate that patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes face unique emotional as well as interpersonal challenges such as substance abuse disorders, medication non-adherence, eating disorders and poor quality of life. The study identifies four domains including a) impact of diabetes on patient relationship with the caregiver/partner including the emotional impact of diabetes and issues regarding child rearing; b) learning the importance of hypoglycemia; c) stress associated to potential complications; d) advantages of technology (Trief et al. 2013).
According to the article, a small group of people highlighted that the disease had brought their relationship closer. Patients with supportive was associated with defined acceptance of the chronic illness, which in turn assured the patient that she/he could get through the hard times. However, some participants indicated negative impact of diabetes type 1 on their relationship. This indicated included increase emotional distance such as sexual intimacy issues, difficult decision making processes, and concerns of children care. Generally, the increase of emotional stress was associated with constant risks of hypoglycemia (Trief et al. 2013).
Concerns about child bearing issue that was identified by patients as a factor that negatively impacted their response to type 1 diabetes. Most of the participants had specific concerns about their ability to bear and raise their children actively. Others had fears of passing their susceptible genes to their children. The patient stated that they had advices about pregnancy complications which would put their lives at risk. This stress level was associated with threat of hypoglycemia. According to this article, the issue of hypoglycemia is identified as the worst feeling in their lives. Research indicates that this feeling is associated with great fears and anxiety. Some patients indicated that they had learnt effective coping strategies to help the patient avoid lows. This included healthy food choices, placing glucagon tablets in each room and use of insulin pump to reduce hypoglycemia intensity and frequency. The patient partners seem to be the most worried about hypoglycemia. This is because the ‘low’ just happen at any time of the day and it is crazy. The low moment is described with increased irritability, moodiness and conflict which affects their relationship negatively and consequently affected their response and coping ability to the chronic illness (Trief et al. 2013).
Patients and their partners also highlighted about the constant looming threat of complication. The patient and their partners were terrified at the thought of blindness and amputation. Although the patients and their partners were keenly aware that they had to save organs through proper practice of the disease, most felt frustrated especially when the doctor identified their condition as brittle or in poor control of their condition. The patient stated that when blamed for their bad diabetic condition increased their distress as they had sincere efforts to control the condition. Overall, the patients were aware of potential complications and emphasized their need for reassurance and non blaming response from their physician and their partners. The patient partners also experienced similar levels of stress and anxiety of potential complications associated with diabetes. They also identified specific challenges they went through such as battling with insurance companies, complete dependence of the patient during the hypoglycemic episodes and issues of weight control and exercise. These individual factors cumulatively resulted to higher levels of stress. This indicates that family support is associated with positive self management practices (Trief et al. 2013).
Ways the article contributes to interdisciplinary knowledge
The study was performed in order to gain better understanding of a richer understanding of psychosocial factors that affects people diagnosed with diabetes 1. The main themes that have emerged from this article indicates that partner involvement vary, but the anxiety and fear levels of hypoglycemia and future complications have significant impact on their well being and their relationship. From this study several behavioral human aspects in chronic illness is clear; a) relationships are unique and it is not obvious that all patients have supportive partners or are overwhelmed by the disease; b) the patient-partner relationship changes are influenced by the health demands at a particular time. This implies that healthcare providers must assess individuals relationship so as to tailor make his/her intervention based on the patient unique needs, so as to cope with the unique challenges effectively and improve their self management practices (Trief et al. 2013).
The Role of Stakeholders in Passing the Proposed Amendment
The Role of Stakeholders in Passing the Proposed Amendment
Order Instructions:
This paper is due in 24 hours and most importantly it should 4 pear review articles use as references. The paper must contain a minimum of 275 words and the writer must clearly address all the different subtitles clearly indicating each as a subtitle before discussing it. The writer must use very credible sources to write the paper.
Explain the role of a politician, a voter, an activist, and a lobbyist in the public policy change process. Hear below is the book but it can only be use as one references , so you will need 3 other references from pear review articles to complete the 4 references for this paper.
Resources
Mason et al.: Policy and politics in nursing and healthcare
•Unit 4: “Policy and Politics in the Workplace and Workforce” (Chapters 47–53)
•Unit 5: “Policy and Politics in the Government” (Chapters 68–73)
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Role of Stakeholders in Passing the Proposed Amendment
Stakeholders are the key assets in the wealth and growth of an organization. It is important that the knowledge and power of influence the stakeholders have on the quality management process is noted. Implementation and quality of the work in the management process, requires the developments in the cultures quality based upon the need and expectations of the stakeholders (Bryce, 2012).
The identifier groups that are known as stakeholders are also known by rights, ownership and interests of the organization, and the its activities. The managing of the stakeholders and the pronouncement of needs, allows for success while implementing the quality in the management of processes.
Politician
The politician is usually the initiator of the entire process through getting the public aware of the need for the change that may need to be done. They should encourage the involvement of the public in the process of reformations as well as seeing to it that democratic human values are upheld. They are the ones who also support paradigm shift to see to it that there are reforms to social change (Jaeger, Sarin, Bertot, & Gorham, 2014).
The Voter
Once a motion is passed, it is the role of the voter to either pass it into a bill or it be thrown out. The voting process id carried out in several stages before an amendment is eventually considered. They also have the power of selecting the people they would wish to represent them through voting, unless the system does not uphold democratic rights of individuals (Hill, 2014).
The Activist
An activist, who mostly is a member of the opposition alignment, plays the major role of ridiculing the moves and suggestions by the various politicians. Usually, the activist monitors the processes of the organization, and in case of an amendment, the usually see to it that it is done in the best interest of the public. They mainly act to challenge power structures that happen to be at the brink of a social change (Carter, 2005).
Lobbyist
These are usually activists that have the duty of representing the organizations, maintaining public relations, and persuading the government into enacting an amendment that may benefit their respective groups by influencing the decisions (Dinan, 2011).
Carter A. (2005). Direct Action and Democracy Today, 298 pp. Cambridge, UK: Polity. [A thorough discussion of justifications for nonviolent action in representative systems.]
Dinan, J. (2011). State constitutionalism in the 21st Century: State Constitutional Amendment Processes and the Safeguards of American Federalism. Penn State Law Review, 1151007.
Hill, M. (2014). The Public Policy Process. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis.
Jaeger, P. T., Sarin, L. C., Bertot, J., & Gorham, U. (2014). Public Libraries, Public Policies, and Political Processes : Serving and Transforming Communities in Times of Economic and Political Constraint. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield.
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
Please note that the following will not form part of the word count:
• References, including statute and cases;
• Diagrams;
• Tables;
• Calculations.
You must complete all parts of the assignment – three (3) questions. Please complete the various parts of the assignment separately ie start each new question a new page. You should allocate the appropriate amount of words to the various questions in accordance with the recommendations in the box provided at the commencement of each new question. There is a strict word limit of 3,000 words for this assignment.
For the three (3) questions in the assignment you will be required to go beyond the study materials for this unit and you will be expected to conduct your own research of cases and other academic material upon which you should base your answer.
You are encouraged to use headings for purposes of clarity and presentation of your assignment. It is however, essential that your assignment is written in full sentences and not ‘dot/bullet point’ format. If you use any equations in solving the problem question please make sure that you cite the correct sections of the relevant legislation and that you outline your entire working.
You must begin each question separately. It is however essential that you place your name and student number and the question number on each question which you complete.
Regarding referencing, you will find the Australian Guide to Legal Citation (AGLC) style of referencing in the following web site:
Please note that this AGLC style is intended for Law students and although it is preferred that you follow it, marks will not be deducted for not citing cases etc exactly as described. In other words, whilst you must reference, you can choose to use other referencing styles (ie not necessarily the AGLC style) if you wish.
SUBMISSION: You must submit both an electronic version of your assignment in addition to submitting a hard copy of your assignment. The electronic copy of your assignment and the hard copy of your assignment must be identical. If there are any differences between your electronic assignment and your hard copy assignment your electronic assignment will be marked.
Extensions to the due date are not granted lightly, as this will disrupt the marking process, and is unfair to most students who have complied with the submission deadline. In other words, extensions are seldom given – they are only granted in the most exceptional unforeseeable circumstances. If you are experiencing serious and exceptional circumstances that are beyond your control at least three working days prior to the due date to negotiate an extension. When considering the granting of extensions the fact that students have had several weeks to complete the assignments prior to the due date will be taken into account.
Late Submissions: If you submit an assignment late (with no extension granted/none applied for), 10% of your mark will be deducted per calendar day from the due date (eg for a 40 mark assignment, each day an assignment is late will result in a penalty of 4 marks being deducted).
Once assignments have been marked and feedback provided, no further assignment can be accepted.
The assignments must be completed individually and in the following style and format:
Assignment Style:
Font: Times New Roman or Arial;
Font size: 11 or 12 point;
Line spacing: 1.5 line spacing or Double spacing;
Format: Assignments are to be presented/submitted in MS Word format only.
Please note in the interests of equity to all students, academic staff will not be able to provide any assistance with the questions in this case study.
DUE DATE: 11:59pm Monday 15 September 2014
QUESTION 1:
THIS QUESTION IS WORTH 5% OF YOUR OVERALL MARK FOR THIS UNIT. ALLOCATE APPROXIMATELY 500 WORDS (MAXIMUM) IN ANSWERING IT
On 1 July 2010, Suzette sold the farm she had purchased 25 years earlier and moved to the north coast of New South Wales where she rented a house, intending to retire. She also purchased a hectare of land on the waterfront. She soon became bored with nothing much to do in retirement. In order to more fully provide funds for her retirement and by way of investment, Suzette had much consultation with, and subsequently commissioned a builder in October 2012 to design and build eight townhouses on the land she owned on the waterfront. Suzette also consulted her accountant at this time and asked him to provide details of the expected rental return from the lease of seven of the units, as she intended to live in one of them.
The units were completed in May 2013. Suzette was successful in leasing five of the units on a short-term basis. In October 2013 she successfully applied to have each of the units changed to ‘strata titles’ and by the end of December 2013, four of the units had been sold. With the proceeds Suzette purchased an adjoining block of land, with the intention of building more units.
Required:
Advise Suzette of the income tax implications of the above transactions (ignore any Capital Gains Tax implications).
QUESTION 2:
PROBLEM QUESTION
THIS QUESTION IS WORTH 15% OF YOUR OVERALL MARK FOR THIS UNIT SO YOU SHOULD ALLOCATE APPROXIMATELY 1,000 WORDS (MAXIMUM) IN ANSWERING IT
Thang purchased an investment property in Perth during February 2006 for $200,000. He paid stamp duty of $10,000 at that time. He had no trouble finding tenants for the property. In August 2013 Thang required a new tenant for the property. Because of strong demand for rental housing, Thang was able to get a new tenant to pay him a lump sum ‘up front’ amount of $2,000 (in addition to the annual rental) for entering into a 12 month lease. However, in January 2014 the tenant wanted to be released early from this lease. The tenant and Thang agreed that the lease would be terminated early in exchange for the tenant giving Thang $3,000. On May 3, 2014 Thang entered into a contract to sell this property for $700,000; this sale was settled in June 2014.
Thang also enjoyed being a businessman. As a result, during September 2006, Thang purchased 100% of the shares in a company called Hong Pty Ltd for $2 million. Hong Pty Ltd owned and operates a pillow-manufacturing factory.
In February 2014 Thang sold his shares in Hong Pty Ltd for $4 million. At this time Hong Pty Ltd’s assets were as follows:
• Pillow manufacturing plant and factory $2,500,000
• Goodwill $1,500,000
Annual turnover for the company has been consistently around $2.5m per year for a number of years.
In June 2014, Thang (who was aged 53 at the time) purchased Julian Pty Ltd, for $350,000. The assets of Julian Pty Ltd were as follows:
• a Bed and Breakfast accommodation $290,000
• a 10 % share in Investment property $60,000
At the time of the sale of Hong Pty Ltd, Thang and his spouse held the following assets (other than the shares in Hong Pty Ltd):
Thang
Car (used 50% for his business) $50,000
Property in Melbourne (Thang lives in this property) $850,000
Investment Property in Perth $700,000
Superannuation $1,450,000
Thang’s spouse
Investment Property in Sydney $600,000
Required:
For all transactions in this question discuss only the Capital Gains Tax implications.
Refer to all of the relevant sections of legislation, cases and any other scholarly material when providing advice to Thang. Advise Thang on:
• Any Capital Gains Tax liabilities for him in relation to his activities;
• Specifically, make sure that your discussion includes advice on whether Thang can take advantage of the small business concessions to reduce the amount of tax payable on the sale of Hong Pty Ltd.
QUESTION 3:
POLICY BASED ESSAY QUESTION
POLICY BASED ESSAY QUESTION: THIS IS WORTH 20% OF YOUR OVERALL MARK FOR THE UNIT SO YOU SHOULD ALLOCATE APPROXIMATELY 1,500 WORDS (MAXIMUM) IN ANSWERING IT
The Australian government recently enacted laws in its 2014 Budget to reform the Family Payment system that is currently in place. Reforms have also been applied to eligible income support recipients in relation to the Education Entry Payment.
Required:
Discuss both of the following:
i) Explain what the law was regarding the Family Payment system and Education Entry Payment prior to the changes put forward, and the nature of the above mentioned changes. Your explanation should indicate when these new measures will begin and cease (if applicable).
ii) From a policy perspective, consider whether it is desirable to implement these changes. Please consider this in the context of fairness, efficiency, equality, protection of government revenue and any other relevant considerations.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Question One: Suzette’s Income Tax Implications
Suzette should not pay taxes on the gains she made from selling her farm. This is because Australian laws allow individuals not to include proceeds from selling a home in his/her taxable income. Australian Taxation Office (2014) cites that when a person sells his/main residence any profit gained is exempt from taxations. This is referred to as ‘main residence exemption. The relief applies if Suzette used the farm as his main home and nothing else. However, he must pay for taxes on rental income he has been receiving since he built the eight town houses. Suzette should also claim incidental costs he spends in improving or constructing the rental units. Such expenses include advertisement to tenants, bank charges, insurance, cleaning, gardening and lawn mowing, property agent fees and commissions among others (Australian Taxation Office, 2014).
Nevertheless, this only applies to part of property used for rental purposes and from the time the units were rented or available for renting. Therefore, Suzette should apportion the claim based on floor-area basis. That is, she should not include expenditure on the unit she lives in. According to Australian Taxation Office (2014) if the unit represents 10% of the property’s total floor area then she would qualify for the 90% of the total deductions. In addition, she should claim for the costs incurred from May 2013 up to October 2013 when he converted the houses to strata tittles. This is because under strata title she does not own the whole property but only the four units that she did not sell. Barnett and Harder (2014) cite that that according to the new strata title laws each proprietor pays taxes on his/her gains from the property owned. This means that Suzette would pay taxes on the four units that she still owns. In other words, she must pay taxes on all the income she received since she sold the units. The new buyers would pay for their proportions.
In addition, Suzette should also use the strata agreement to claim for incidental costs such as lease costs, licenses fees, and agents’ commissions she incurred while converting the property to strata title. Barnett and Harder (2014) advices that she should deduct other expenses she incurred in deriving the taxable income such as maintenance costs. Moreover, since Suzette used the sales proceeds to purchase an adjoining block of land, she could defer the taxes on gains from the sales up to December 2014. This is because the capital gain tax event exemption laws allow property owners to post pone taxes on capital gains derived from disposing off a property by one year, if the proceeds are either used to acquire a new asset or improve an existing one (Australian Taxation Office, 2014).
Question Two:Capital Gains Tax Implications for Thang
Investment Property
Australian tax laws require property owners to work out their capital gain or loss from every capital gain tax event (CGT) related to the asset in particular year. The capital gain refers to the difference between the capital proceeds and the CGT asset’s cost base (Hulse et al., 2011). Therefore, Thang made capital gain because his capital proceeds exceeded its cost base. The cost base includes purchase costs and other costs associated with acquiring, holding and disposing the asset such as legal fees, stamp duty, and real estate agent commission among other related expenses. In this case, Thang incurred $ 200, 000 purchase costs, and $ 10,000 stamp duty. Therefore, total purchase cost was $210,000. While gains was $ 700,000 sales proceeds, $ 2,000 lump sum and annual rental income. This means that Thang’s capital gain would be $ 490,000 (sales proceeds $ 700,000 – property costs $ 210,000).
The capital gain tax depends on Thang’s income and the duration over which he owned the asset. Since Thang owned the property for more than a year it would be subject to long term gain laws. Hulse et al., (2011) cite that individuals whose income fall in the lowest tax bracket would not pay any taxes, those paying taxes in the next 20% bracket would pay 18% taxes, while people who fall in higher tax bracket pay 28% taxes. For example, if Thang falls within 20% bracket his capital gain taxes would be $ 88,200 (18% x $ 487,000). However, he qualifies for tax deductions such as, legal costs; tenancy cost such as lease agreement and advertisements expenses; depreciation costs; structural improvements such as amount he might have spent to repair and maintain the property; and interests on loans he might have borrowed to renovate the property (Australian Taxation Office, 2014. Therefore, Thang should deduct the $ 3,000 he paid back to the client for the lease termination.
Shares in Hong Pty Ltd and Julian Pty Ltd
Like in the investment property case, Thang’s capital gains from his shares in Hong Pty Ltd Company would be the difference from sales proceeds and the purchase cost. Prince (2013) argues that Australian laws treat profits on share disposal as ordinary income and not as capital gains. This implies that gain on share sales are subject to personal income tax laws. However, the Australian CGT laws exempt business people from paying taxes on personal assets such as main residence car and home. However, the laws awards exemptions when the taxpayer uses it solely for enjoyment and cost less than $ 10,000. While his residence in Melbourne would not impact on his capital gain tax because it does not relate to any recent CGT event. This means that Thang should include his personal car and residential home in Melbourne in taxable income.
Similarly, since the goodwill cannot be separated from the business, it would be calculated together with other Thangs’ asset or interests in Hong Pty Ltd. Wallace, Hart and Evans (2013) cite that in 1998 FCT v Murry case Australian High court held that although goodwill comprise many elements that might differ from other business assets, it remains one whole item. This means that goodwill constitute a capital CGT event therefore Thang taxable income would be $ 2 million. As such, Thang tax liability = sales proceeds $ 4 million (pillow manufacturing plant factory $ 2.5 million + $1.5 million) – $ 2 million.
However, Thang qualifies for several CGT exemptions. For example, despite Thang annual turnover exceeds $ 2.5 million he qualifies for CGT concession. This is a preferential exemption provided to small business owners such as Thang. Australian Taxation Office (2014) explains that individuals who qualify for CGT concessions pay tax on 50% of the total capital gains. In addition, the laws allow Thang to pay a maximum of $ 500,000 from the sales into a superannuation fund or retirement savings account. Sinclair and Lipkin (2012) cite that this is a capital gain tax retirement exemption provided to all Australians aged 55 and below. Moreover, Thang is eligible for CGT rollover exemption. That is, the exemption allows a business owner who disposes an asset and uses the proceeds to purchase a new property or improve an existing one to defer his capital gain for one year. This means that because Thang used proceeds from Hong Pty Ltd to acquire Julian Pty Ltd he might defer part of 2014 capital gain tax to 2015. However, he should only include the $ 350, 000 shares he spent on Julian Pty Ltd deal. As such, Thang’s CGT event transactions = sales proceed – tax deductions (rollover benefits + sales disposal benefits)
As a result, his superannuation would increase by $500,000 to $ 1,950,000; while his CGT concession relief allows him to pay taxes on 50% of the total capital gain = $ 1,000,000.
Question 3
Australian Recent Family Payment System and Education Entry Payment Law Reforms
Australian government enacted new laws to encourage families and young people to participate more actively in the workforce, pursue education and training opportunities. Most of the new laws were passed on July 1 2014 while some would come into effect from 1 January 2015. However, the new reforms regarding family payment system and education entry payment would impact differently on Australians and students especially separated families and international students.
Families Tax Benefits Part A and B
Under the proposed 2014 budget the government would freeze family tax benefits targeting separated families. Ducket (2014) cites that family tax benefits rates would remain constant over the next two years. This would protect the families from inflationary changes such as rise in the cost of basic commodities. Such tax benefits refer to government supplied payments to help separated parents meet their children up keep costs. Warren (2014) also cites that the laws are subdivided into part A and part B. Part A applies to middle and low families with children aged below 19 years while Part B targets single parents and families with one main source of income. Both families who qualify for the payment receives benefits after two weeks and end year additional allowances also known as supplement. According to Commonwealth of Australia (2014) the laws specify that the government must only award the tax benefits if the applicants meet certain residence requirement; comes from a low or middle income family; are fully immunized and the parent care for the child at least 35% of the time. For example, only families that earn below $ 150, 000 per year are eligible for tax benefit part B. The government might award the tax benefit to a parent, foster parent or grandparent.
According to the previous tax systems successful applicants aged between 0 and 12 years received $ 172.20 while those aged between 13 and 19 years received $224 per fortnight for part A; while those who qualify for part B earned a maximum payment of $ 146.44 per fortnight when the youngest child was aged below 5 years and $ 102.20 where the last born was between 5 and 18 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014). In addition, a family that satisfies the criteria earned additional $ 3796 annually for the second and every subsequent child. The old system referred to the additional allowance as maximum rate of Family Tax Benefit Part A or Part B. In contrast, the 2014 budget reforms removed this benefit instead it introduced new allowances. That is, each child who qualifies for the maximum rate and is aged between 6 and 12 years would receive $ 750. Nevertheless, parents receiving over $ 1478.25 annually for child support or spousal maintenance would no longer qualify for the new payment.
Moreover, under the previous system, the Australian government provided additional $12.04 for the third and every subsequent child to low or middle income families with more than four children. On the other hand, the new laws state that the government would award the payment not only to the fourth but also to every subsequent child. Burkhauser (2014) cites that the new laws lowered the supplements to be awarded $ 600 per annum for every child who qualifies for family tax benefit part A and $ 300 per annum to every individual eligible for part B. This law would be effective from 1 July 2015 and would remain eligible up to 1 July 2017. The budgetary committee are confident that the new family payment systems are more cost effective therefore more sustainable than the previous system. That is, the 2014 laws identified loopholes in the previous systems, eliminated the unnecessary spending and provided more rewarding solutions to the affected individuals (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014).
The Students Payments
The recent laws states that education entry payment would not be available for income support recipients from 1 January 2015. According to the reforms students studying in major cities would no longer qualify for the relocation scholarship unless they transfer to specific regional learning institutions. Allan (2014) cites that the government would offer relocation scholarships specifically from or to new regions to pursue higher education. Unlike the old system, the reform requires regional education authorities to offer financial assistance to students who move to or from the major cities only if there is no institution from their previous region that provides relevant course. For example, a student from Melbourne would not qualify for relocation scholarship if he/she moves to Ottawa to pursue medicine because there are many institutions that offer medical related courses in Melbourne.
The new laws further provide that only overseas students studying through formal international exchange programs would be eligible for scholarships from 1 October 2014 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014). This means that international Australian students holidaying overseas would no longer qualify for scholarship. On the other hand, under the previous system, international students received regular income support while travelling overseas for a maximum period of six weeks. Therefore, the new laws would allow the education authorities to utilize financial resources saved in offering more important learning facilities or activities.
Impacts of the New Laws on Australian Residents
The new laws are fair, and more efficient. This is particularly because the government would use savings to target the most vulnerable populations. However, this might negatively affect families who heavily relied on the benefits consumption behaviors. For example, since the laws reduce benefits to some families, the members would have to adjust their budget. Therefore, despite the fluctuations in the market and economic conditions, the families would receive the same tax benefits for a period of two years. This means that a family that receives $ 300 now should expect increase or decrease in the tax allowances after 1 July 2017. In addition, the past economic trends show that inflation is ever rising therefore the family would require more income next year to afford the same basic commodities they consume now.
Nevertheless, the income department allocated more resources towards providing social services. For example, it awarded $26.8 million to social services department to enable it provide key social services to the vulnerable families such as the aged, the poor and single parent families. Duckett (2014) cites that the government offered $ 1.5 million to the community development financial institutions to extend their services especially to the low and middle income families. The new budget specified that the institutions should provide small loans and financial literacy education services to Australian residents who might not be able to access affordable financial products. Therefore, such services would compensate the families for the reduction in the tax benefits.
The budget committee estimated that the government would save more than $ 4 billion within the next four years from the family payment reforms (Commonwealth of Australia, 2014). The Australian income department (2014) cites that by reducing family tax benefit part B payments the government would save 1.9 billion. At the same time, the government would record more than $ 377.7 million through lowering large family supplement to families with four or more children. This is because the large families would receive tax benefits for only the fourth and/or subsequent child. Moreover, the government would save $ 2.6 billion over the next four years from maintaining the current family tax benefit. The savings would then be spent on other key public services. In addition, the reforms would encourage the families to participate more actively on income generating activities thereby contributing to the growth in Australian gross domestic product.
Similarly, Education Entry Payment reforms would allow the education department to offer better quality services. Commonwealth of Australia (2014) argues that the new student payment laws would allow the country to achieve $ 153.1 million savings. As a result, the amount saved would be invested in developing local institutions. Therefore, the country would establish more performing learning institutions. Given that most international students either belong to high income families or have other scholarships, the laws would ensure that local institutions only send their students to overseas trip when it is necessary and not just for pleasure. Consequently, the government would not only eliminate unnecessary expenditure but also provide scholarship to the needy students. For example, it would use the resources that were previously allocated to student start up scholarship to provide contingent loans to full time higher education students.
Bibliography
Allan, J 2014, Why Australian universities are just not good enough, Quadrant, vol. 58 no.3 pp. 44.
Australian Taxation Office 2014, Personal investors guide to capital gains tax, Australian Taxation Office, Canberra.
Barnett, K & Harder, S 2014, Remedies in Australian private law, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Burkhauser, R V 2014, Another look at the economics of minimum wage legislation, Australian Economic Review, vol. 47 no.3 pp. 409-415.
Common Wealth of Australia 2014, Budget 2014-15 overview, CanPrint Communications Pty Ltd, Fyshwick.
Duckett, S 2014, Priorities for a new government: keeping the Medicare promise, thinking beyond services and getting governance right, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 200 no. 3 pp. 138-139.
Hicks, A, & Tran, A 2014, Small business concessions, Taxation in Australia, vol. 48 no. 7 pp. 367.
Hulse, K, Burke, T, Ralston, L., & Stone, W 2012, The Australian private rental sector: changes and challenges, Australian Journal of Political Science, vol. 35 no.1 pp. 99-110.
Prince, J B 2013, Tax for Australians for dummies: 2012-13 edition, Wiley Publications, Australia Pty Ltd, Milton, Qld
Sinclair, WI & Lipkin, B 2012, St. James’s Place tax guide 2012-2013, Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke.
Taylor, G, & Richardson, G 2014, Incentives for corporate tax planning and reporting: Empirical evidence from Australia, Journal of Contemporary Accounting & Economics, vol.10 no. 1 pp. 1-15.
Wallace, M, Hart, G, & Evans, C 2013, An evaluation of the contribution of Justice Hill to the provisions for the taxing of capital gains in Australia, In Australian Tax Forum vol. 28 no.1 pp. 123 -124.
Warren, N 2014, Towards a holistic analysis of personal income tax reliefs and their reform. In Australian Tax Forum vol. 29 no.1 pp. 1 -13
Yates, J 2011, Explaining Australia’s trends in home ownership’, Housing Finance International, vol. 16 no. 2 pp. 6-1
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
-Presentation: ‘The Professionalization of American Chaplains: 1865-1950.”
-Website: “The Military Chaplaincy”… Chapters 1-3
II. Writing: Reflection Paper
The Civil War revealed much about the need to professionalize the American military chaplaincy. No doubt, chaplains provided spiritual care for the warrior’s soul of both the North and South. However, the lack of organizational structure and inconsistencies in commissioning, regulations, uniforms, pay, expectations, and mission were clearly exposed as hindrances to ministry. To this concern,, following the Civil War military and religious leaders moved forward to create a professional chaplain corps that met its full development by WWII. After completing your readings you will need to do the following exercise:
Write a 3-page paper (following the current Turabian edition) analyzing the professionalization of the U.S. military chaplaincy following the Civil War to 1950. This assignment is designed to help you appraise the historical principles that resulted in the U.S. military chaplaincy becoming a professional organization. This assignment will require at least 3 distinct sources.
ANY FORM OF PLAGIARISM WILL NOT BE TOLERATED!!!
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Professionalization of American Chaplains: 1865-1950
For the better part of history, ministers of the Gospel have always paid an essential role. Up to date, I think Chaplains still have an influence in the United States Armed Forces. This is so because in July 29, 1775, the military chaplaincy was formed by the Continental Congress.[1] It was viewed that being a good soldier was a mandatory aspect, but being involved in divine services was important as one should not be inattentive to the highest duties of religion. Chaplains were to work with each other and respect the beliefs of others. Dating back to the beginning days of the United States, the Colonial forces took with them a local minister. The minister was viewed as a figure of authority within the people, and according to my thinking, he or she had to be very educated for such a position.[2] His or her counsel and motivation for those going to war was a major deal, and no military operation was to be carried out without such. Chaplains saw the need to minister to people who were isolated in camps and training areas, spiritually embrace those who were frightened at battlefields, sick and injured or imprisoned at war camps.
Contrastingly, the chaplaincy was not a proud lot at all. Various times, they were viewed with suspicion, or misunderstood in respect to their role and needs to survive in their work.[3] Many times people would make them feel unappreciated and unwanted; supporting their reactions towards them with the fact that chaplaincy was a branch like no other in the Army. Such feelings towards the ministers of the Gospel made it uneasy for them to carry out their activities in the desired environment. Chaplains did not emerge as battlefield heroes, or supporters of the idea of an unjust war and encouraging soldiers to arm themselves with weapons and kill.[4] They were, at times, caught in between the demands of religious conviction and the need for military activities. For them, religious foundation for the soldiers was of dire need as spiritual growth in times of war was important.[5] These individuals had a lot in their hands in the sense that they had to work out solutions to the existing problems as well as spiritual realms. The War Department recognized their place in the society and the spiritual need for their troops and, therefore, saw it fair to pay them allowances and acknowledge them with the rank of captain of cavalry.[6] Chaplains held no rank at all but were still considered for pay as military members. Their uniforms had the ranks inscribed in them and this at times made people mistaken them for command officers.
The ordainment of the ministers of the Gospel was put through several mishaps that made them realize that there was indeed an importance in professionalizing their chaplaincy. Congress made it seem like a long journey to become ordained as a minister. It required clergymen who wished to become chaplains to produce credentials from their particular denominational bodies, which ascertained their fitness for the position. More so, shortcomings were met when arranged worship services were to be held. Issues like movements of the army and bad weather made it strenuous to be there for army troops. Its members viewed themselves as ministers in uniforms instead of professional soldiers like the rest of the armed troops. In the history of the American Army, Chaplain Moody stated that it was the first time that any attempt was made to organize the work of chaplains. He viewed the United States as “unorganized at the end of the war as at the beginning of the war.” I see this as a basis of lack of organizational structure, which may have hindered other problems from being corrected. It is also due to this that incase of any issue that arose, chaplains had nowhere to turn to for help, and could neither appeal to anyone for assistance.
For any profession, promotion means a lot. A higher regard from other individuals as a greater level of authority is bestowed on an individual. It also results in more pay, for a more comfortable living. For most people, chaplains may not be regarded for promotion as their work is to serve God and carry out spiritual care for people.[7] Many think that they are disinterested in such and therefore need not promotion. Promotion for various levels meant a lot in the Army but it was very slow.[8] For the chaplaincy, it was even worse as there were neither chaplaincy school nor clear regulation covering duties and responsibilities. The chaplains were still required to carry out duties and responsibilities that out of their regiments.
There was constant pressure to consider them as officers and not ministers. This was due to being assigned work that was not of their intellect or skills or ordainment by their religious body. Some chaplains did not agree to commanders assigning them to tasks that had little or no correlation to their training. Some would be posted as librarians while others as morale officers. All in all, chaplains saw the need to address these hindrances to the success of their work. They felt it right to move forward and create a professional chaplain corps that eventually met its full development later on in World War 2.
The chaplaincy organized a definition of their responsibilities and regulation of their duties, a school was started, manuals used to guide them in their training, and more so, their status as officers was sufficed and allowances stabilized together with pay. The increased professionalism was of a great deal that saw those involved having more to what they actually desired in doing their duties.
Bibliography
Cox, Matt. n. d. “Serving Two Masters: The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920.” Trinity Seminary Review 26, no. 2: 138. Literary Reference Center Plus
Ebel, Jonathan. “The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920 (Book).” Journal of Religion 83, no. 3 (n. d.): 439. Literary Reference Center Plus.
Parker, Hershel. 1990. Reading Billy Budd. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press.
[1] Cox, Matt. n. d. “Serving Two Masters: The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920.” Trinity Seminary Review 26, no. 2: 138. Literary Reference Center Plus
[2] Parker, Hershel. 1990. Reading Billy Budd. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press.
[3] Parker, Hershel. 1990. Reading Billy Budd. Evanston, Ill: Northwestern University Press.
[4] Ebel, Jonathan. “The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920 (Book).” Journal of Religion 83, no. 3 (n. d.): 439. Literary Reference Center Plus.
[6] Cox, Matt. n. d. “Serving Two Masters: The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920.” Trinity Seminary Review 26, no. 2: 138. Literary Reference Center Plus
[7] Ebel, Jonathan. “The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920 (Book).” Journal of Religion 83, no. 3 (n. d.): 439. Literary Reference Center Plus.
[8] Cox, Matt. n. d. “Serving Two Masters: The Development of American Military Chaplaincy, 1860-1920.” Trinity Seminary Review 26, no. 2: 138. Literary Reference Center Plus
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
linked item M6A3: Application of the Nursing Process Paper
Using APA format, the information from this course, and your assigned readings write a six (6) to ten (10) page paper (excludes cover and reference page) addressing the application of the nursing process to a patient care scenario.
A minimum of three (3) current professional references must be provided. Current references include professional publications or valid and current websites dated within five (5) years. Additionally, a textbook that is no more than one (1) edition old may be used.
The paper consists of three (3) parts:
The meaning and use of the nursing process in making good nursing judgments that effect patient care
The development of a plan of care using the nursing process for a specific patient situation
The preparation stage for a teaching plan to prevent a recurrence of a similar situation
The following sheet will assist you when composing the plan of care for the paper: Overview of the Nursing Process.
Patient scenario
A 78-year-old man is living in an assisted living facility. He is able to walk very short distances and uses a wheelchair to transport himself to the communal dining room. He administers his own medications independently and bathes himself. Over the last year he prefers to remain in the wheelchair even when in his room. He has a history of CHF, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and lower extremity weakness. He is able to state his current medications include metoprolol (Lopressor) 50 mg once daily by mouth, furosemide (Lasix) 20 mg once daily by mouth, Quinapril (Acupril) 20 mg once daily by mouth, atorvastatin (Lipitor) 20 mg once daily by mouth.
During a routine examination, his physician noted a pressure ulcer over the ischium on the right buttocks. The wound is oval about 10mm x 8 mm, with red and yellow areas in the middle and black areas on some surrounding tissue. It has a foul odor. The patient had been padding the area so “it doesn’t get my pants wet”. The physician arranged for him to be admitted to the hospital in order for intravenous antibiotic therapy and wound care to be initiated.
After being admitted to the hospital his medications are: metoprolol (Lopressor )50 mg orally every 12 hours, furosemide (Lasix ) 40mg once daily by mouth, quinapril HCl (Accupril) 40 mg once daily by mouth, cefazolin (Ancef)1.5 Grams in 50 mL 0.9 % Normal Saline intravenously three times a day. The result of the wound culture identified Methicilin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. After a surgical debridement of the black tissue a SilvaSorb® dressing was ordered daily.
Part 1 (3-4 pages)
Review the required readings about the nursing process. In your own words, define each step of the process and provide an example for each step.
In the implementation step, what is meant by direct and indirect care as described by the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) project?
Discuss the three (3) types of nursing interventions (nurse-initiated, dependent, and interdependent) that applies to the patient care situation. Provide an example of each (refer to your textbook).
Explain how the nursing process provides the basis for the registered nurse to make a nursing judgment that results in safe patient with good outcomes. How does the RN use nursing process to make decisions about priority of care for a single patient and within a group of patients?
Discuss how the registered nurse evaluates the overall use of the nursing process. Identify three (3) variables that may influence the ability to achieve the desire outcomes for the patient.
How is the plan of care modified when the outcomes are not met?
Part 2 (3 pages)
Develop a Plan of Nursing Care for this patient that includes all steps of the nursing process:
One (1) actual NANDA-I nursing diagnosis addressing the priority problem the patient is experiencing. Provide a rationale, with evidence, why this nursing diagnosis is the priority for this patient. What is the assessment data that supports the use of this nursing diagnosis?
One (1) expected outcome that addresses the diagnosis and meets the criteria for an expected patient outcome. Discuss whether the outcome is a cognitive, psychomotor, affective or physiologic outcome. Discuss why the time frame selected for the evaluative criteria was selected. Use evidence as the basis for the time frame and criteria.
Four (4) nursing interventions that includes at least one (1) nurse-initiated, one (1) dependent, one (1) interdependent intervention. Provide a rationale for each intervention that is evidence-based.
Part 3 (1-2 pages)
To assist the patient in preventing a recurrence of a similar incident once he returns to the assisted living environment, the RN needs to develop a teaching plan. Consider the information the information the RN would need prior to development of the plan. Respond to the following and be able to support your answers. You will not be developing a teaching-learning process but demonstrating the ability to prepare for an individualized plan.
How does the RN decide the format of the teaching plan, i.e., written, verbal, or other?
How does the RN know which information needs to be included?
When does the RN determine how and when to evaluate the teaching-learning process?
Compose your work using a word processor (or other software as appropriate) and save it frequently to your computer. Use a 12 font size, double space your work and use APA format for citations, references, and overall format. Assistance with APA citations and references is available through the free resource Citation Machine™. Assistance with APA format, grammar, and avoiding plagiarism is available for free through the Excelsior College Online Writing Lab (OWL). Be sure to check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors before you submit your assignment.
You are required to submit your paper to Turnitin (a plagiarism prevention service) prior to submitting the paper in the course submission area for grading. Access is provided by email to the email address on record in your MyExcelsior account during week 2 of the term. Once you submit your paper to Turnitin check your inbox in Turnitin for the results. After viewing your originality report correct the areas of your paper that warrant attention. You can re-submit your paper to Turnitin after 24-hours and continue to re-submit until the results are acceptable. Acceptable ranges include a cumulative total of less than 15% for your entire paper, and no particular area greater than 2% (excluding direct quotes and/or references).
See the videos below for instructions on how to submit your paper to Turnitin and view your Originality Report.
Video – Submitting a Paper
Video – Viewing Your Originality Report
When you’re ready to submit your work for grading, click Browse My Computer and find your file. Once you’ve located your file click Open and, if successful, the file name will appear under the Attached files heading. Scroll to the bottom of the page, click Submit and you’re done.
This activity will be assessed according to the NUR104 M6A3: Application of the Nursing Process Paper Rubric.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Application of the Nursing Process
Introduction
Nursing process is the scientific methodology used by Registered Nurses to perfect provision of quality health care to their patients. The overall nursing process is broken into five distinct steps that include: assessment, diagnosing, care-planning, implementation, and evaluation phases. The process does not always produce expected results, but it can call for its repetition in order to address cons from the process. Therefore, the following article will indulge to discuss the meaning and use of the nursing process in making good nursing judgments that effect patient care. The discussion will also go ahead to describe a plan of care using the nursing process for patient with a history of CHF, hypertension and lower extremity weakness.
The meaning and use of the nursing process in making good nursing judgments that effect patient care
The first phase in the nursing process is the assessment phase. The meaning behind this step is that the RN gathers information about a particular patient’s physiological, psychological, spiritual and sociological status (Timby, 2009). The main method used by RNs to garner this data is through interviews, physical assessment, digging out of patient’s health history and general observation of the patient’s health behavior. This phase completes by documenting the relevant information in retrievable forms. Diagnosing phase follows as the second phase in nursing process. During this phase, The RN involves himself or herself in making an intellectual judgment about the likelihood or actual health disorder with a client (Timby, 2009). This phase can incorporate multiple diagnosis techniques directed to a single client. The diagnosis can be done to a single patient rather to a group of patient if a specific condition from an already disorder in the course of treatment. This assessment not only comprises of actual description of the problem, but also whether or not the patient is susceptible to developing another complication (Timby, 2009). The other reasons behind diagnosis are to gauge patient’s readiness for health improvement and to determine whether or not the patient has developed a syndrome. The meaning of diagnosis phase is crucial is in suggesting the appropriate course of treatment to undertake to that particular diagnosed disorder.
Planning phase is the third step used in nursing process. In this face, plan of action is developed. The plan is developed as a result of patient and the nurse agreeing on the diagnosis Timby (2009). This phase still suggest that if there is multiple diagnosis that need to be addressed, the RN will focus or prioritize each assessment and concentrate to severe symptoms and high risks conditions. For each single problem, it is assigned a clear, measurable objective for the expected beneficial result. In this phase, therefore, Registered Nurse overly refer to the evidence based Nursing Outcome Classification, which is a program of standardized terms and measurements for tracking client wellness.
According to Timby (2009), in the book Fundamental nursing skills and concepts, Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) can also be employed as a resource for planning. In planning phase, independent nursing interventions are nurse actions started by RN that do not need any direction or any order from another nurse in planning medication for a patient (Timby, 2009).inter-dependent nursing interventions are activities of a RN and other practitioners with sole role of addressing a single factor. Nurse-imitated nursing intervention is a treatment imitated by a nurse in response to a nursing diagnosis.
The fourth phase in nursing process, which is the crucial one, is the implementation phase. During this phase, the RN follows through the already Plan of Action (POA). Timby (2009) argued that the plan is particular to each and every patient and aims at achievable outcomes. Actions and activities involved in a nursing care plan comprises monitoring of the patient for signs of change or improvement, directly caring for the patient or engaging crucial medical roles, educating and giving directions to a patient about further health management, and contacting the patient follow-up (Timby, 2009). The duration in implementation phase can vary and can take hours, days, weeks or even months (Timby, 2009). During implementation phase, indirect care comprises, for example, Emergency Cart Checking and interventions for communities such as social, economic and political aspects. Direct care implies that the patient will have to attend herself or himself with medication without assistance of medical practitioners near him or her.
The last step is provided by Timby (2009), in the book Fundamental nursing skills and concepts, is the evaluation phase which comprises all nursing intervention action that has taken place to the above steps. Once all the intervention activities have taken place, the RN completes an evaluation for client wellness to have been met (Timby, 2009). Possible client outcomes are generally provided under by three terms: patient’s disorder improved, patient’s disorder stabilized, and patient’s disorder deteriorated, died or discharged. If the condition of the client does not show any improvement, or if the set objectives are not met, the nursing process starts afresh and cycle repeats itself (Timby, 2009). The Registered Nurse can evaluate the entire use of nursing process by its outcomes. One of the outcomes to consider is whether the client has been vindicated from the disorder. Another important variable to put into practice in evaluating the process is susceptibility of the patient to develop another disorder from the previous one (Timby, 2009). Most importantly, the RN should be able to evaluate the nursing process by observing outcome of a patient being able to be discharged from the hospital. After the above evaluation of outcomes, the RN can grade the nursing process as either not productive, productive or more productive based on the apparent condition of the client.
The development of a plan of care using the nursing process for a for patient with a history of CHF, hypertension and lower extremity weakness
Timby (2009) contends that the nursing process can assist a RN to develop a plan of care by using its five stages. In the above scenario of a 78-year-old man, the RN will have to gather important information to assist the client. One of the vital data to be recorded is that the man has ability to walk short distances and transports himself to the communal dining room. The man is able to administer himself medication and can bath himself. The RN should also note that the man has a history of CHF, hypertension and lower extremity. Another data to collect is that the client was continuing with direct care. The diagnosis will first begin by rapid assessment of the patient’s personal information. The assessment data that support use of this nursing diagnosis is a pressure ulcer over the ischium on the right buttocks. The other important clinical manifestation is an oval wound about 10mm by 8mm with red and yellow areas in the middle and black areas on some surrounding tissue producing a smelling foul. The doctor uses independent nursing intervention to direct the client to receive intravenous antibiotic therapy so as wound care can be initiated. The outcome that meets the criteria is that similar medication that was dispensed to the man in the first place is still the same one administered after diagnosis. This is because the RN nurse known that development of the wound was as a result of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus. The outcome of the patient is psychomotor because the old man uses his physical abilities and procedures to aid himself to get healed.
The RN uses dependent nursing interventions to prescribe the old man to undergo surgical debridement of the black tissue. Time frame decision was one of interdependent nursing interventions to ensure that there is a connection between earlier medication and the current medication (Timby, 2009). To perfect the medication, the RN uses independent nursing intervention to ensure that the client is administered with saline intravenously three times a day. This period is to ensure complete neutralization of staphylococcus aureus. Implementation will also involve dressing of the wound daily. Evaluation will aim to determine whether SIlvaSorb will heal the entire wound and whether intravenously administered Saline will suppress the activities of Staphylococcus aureus. The RN will also incorporate other medical practitioners in scrutinizing the performance of the wound to see if it would heal. If these symptoms persist, the RN will have to repeat the same nursing process again and find other way to deal with the disorder.
Nursing teaching plan to avoid recurrence of the above condition
To assist the patience in preventing a recurrence of a similar incident once he returns to the assisted living environment, RN will need to develop an individualized plan. In this case, the RN will decide the format of the teaching plan to be in verbal form. The RN comes to this conclusion by the fact that the client can talk, walk for short distances and count transport himself to the communal living room by himself. The information that needs to be included in the plan will include dressing the wound daily with SilvaSorb, saline intravenously three times per day and correct adherence to the prescribed drugs including Metoprolol and others. All this information will be used evaluation where all nursing interventions used converge. Looking into results at the evaluation stage, can guide a registered nurse (RN) to make effective decision on when and how to evaluate teaching-learning process. The appropriate time for RN to determine how and when to evaluate the teaching-learning process is when the patient start demonstrating psychomotor features, that is, ability to use physical skills or procedures. The RN can also determine to evaluate teaching-learning process by identifying priorities of learning needs within the overall plan of care. In this case, the important learning needs is how to change the SIlvaSorb dressing within the prescribed time.
Conclusion
In conclusion, nursing process has to be done tremendously to perfect nursing activities towards provision of quality services to patients. Through the process assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation, RNs are able to address a particular disorder systematically. If a disorder is not dealt with completely by the process, RNs are advised to use the same nursing process to rectify areas of mistakes, and as a consequence, develop other strategies within the process to holistically eradicate the disorder.
Reference
Timby, B. K. (2009). Fundamental nursing skills and concepts. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
Read the Real World Case (at the end of Chapter 16) in course text book Health Information Management Technology: An Applied Approach (Fourth Edition) and answer the following questions using the knowledge you gained from the chapter. Your responses should be written in paragraph format:
1. What are the physicians trying to accomplish through buying the same EHR product at their hospital? What are the pros and cons? 2. Why cannot the physicians send a medication order to the hospital from their e- prescribing device? 3. What is the difference between scanning, COLD feeding, and point-of-care (POC) data entry? 4. How could the hospital improve upon its data quality? 5. Use the information that you gathered so far for your previous PowerPoint assignments and consider the real world case study and what the physicians are trying to accomplish by purchasing these products. When you think about the system development life cycle, use what you learned to determine how this could help in accomplishing the goals associated with this case study.
Requirements
The Assignment should be four to five pages in length, prepared in a Microsoft Word
document, and APA-formatted.
This Assignment should follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct
grammar, punctuation, etc.). Your writing should be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well
as original and insightful. The resources used (including your text) should be properly cited.
Your work should display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics.
This Assignment must have a title page and a reference page.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Electronic Health Record Communication Technologies
Physicians have adopted a new move of trying to improve and support users through making available complete and accurate data, practitioner reminders and alerts, links to bodies of medical knowledge, clinical decision support systems, and other aids when buying the same EHR product at hospital (Merida, 2012). Therefore, the physicians were propelled to improve quality and continuity of health care at the hospital. The advantage of buying the same EHR is that back-up of information is integrated into the hospital system (Merida, 2012). Another advantage is that no interfaces are required or a few of them are to be employed to perfect the process. The disadvantage of purchasing the same EHR at the hospital is that the hospital had a greater need meeting regulatory and financial requirements. Billing and accounting packages are costly to acquire and install (Merida, 2012). The reason why the physicians cannot send a medication order to the hospital from their e-prescribing device is that they feared of patient not accepting electronic prescription and ought for mediation to be written on paper form.
The difference between scanning, COLD feeding, and Point-of Care (POC) data entry is that POC is used to input information to mobile phones, PDA, and tablets. Scanning is the method used to get information from papers through use of lens. COLD feeding is the process of storing large mass of data on a laser disk (Merida, 2012). Meanwhile, the hospital could have improved on its quality data by successful implementation of HER, which calls for strong leadership, mandatory staff training, strict adherence to time and budget and overall involvement of clinical staff in the design of EHR (Merida, 2012). When the physicians address the cons from EHR and improve on its quality data, it will effect faster retrieval of hospital data, and this will consequently enhance realization of its goal to improve health care.Reference
Merida, J. (2012).Health Information Management Technology. An Applied Approach (Fourth Edition). Chicago; AHIMA.
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
