Introduction, Research Questions and 8-entry Annotated Bibliography
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The assignment:
Prepare the following:
An APA formatted reference list entry for each of the 8 articles that you have found.
A 1-paragraph summary, following Creswell’s guidelines, of each article that you have found.
A brief rationale for the selection of each item. Within each rationale, identify any gaps in the knowledge or deficiencies that justify your research and whether not the article supports or detracts from existing research.
An introduction to your proposed study.
A purpose statement for your proposed study.
A research question (or questions) and a justification of its viability
A hypothesis (or hypotheses) and a justification of its viability (if your proposed study is qualitative, there will be no hypothesis)
SAMPLE ANSWER
Nkomba, K., Ingvild, F. S., & Knut, F. (2009). Effects of neighbourhood-level educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in Zambia. BioMed Central Public Health, 9, 310
Nkomba et al addresses the effects of HIV education on young women at grass root levels in Zambia, referred as neighborhood-level education in the article. The survey was carried in diverse urban and rural regions where a total of 1295 young women aged 15-24 years were interviewed. HIV occurrence rate in urban regions was presented as 25% while in rural areas the rate was 6.8%. From this research, Nkomba et al asserts that increase in neighborhood education reflected reduction in the rate of HIV occurrence among the young women. However, the article leaves some space for more research on other neighborhood factors which can regulate HIV on young people.
Mchunu, G., Peltzer, K., Tutshana, B., & Seutlwadi, L. (2012). Adolescent pregnancy and associated factors in South African youth. African Health Sciences, 12(4), 426–434
In this article, Mchunu et al investigated the occurrence rate of adolescence pregnancy and other sexual infections like HIV among South African girls. Through evaluation of the HIV prevention campaign for young people, the authors were able to interview 3123 youths aged between 18-24 years. The research deduced that 19.2% of girls had teenage pregnancies while about 16.2% had unwanted pregnancies. Factors contributing to these early pregnancies included poverty, un-employment, and high passion for sex as well as men intended pregnancies. Following the revealed pregnancy factors, the article directs their application in pregnancy prevention strategies.
Nour, N.M. (2006). Health Consequences of Child Marriage in Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(11), 1644–1649
In this article, Nour (2006) addresses early marriages in Africa for girls under 18 years. Irrespective of the existing national laws and human rights, child marriage was evidently common in Africa. Common factors which propagated child marriage in Africa were poverty and lack of education. From addressing the impacts of child marriage in the society like premature births, HIV and cancer, Nour asserted to some prevention measures. Measures like implementation of policies and education programs were evident to increase society awareness. Therefore, the article concluded that girl empowerment and involvement of parents as well as religious leaders would aid in stopping child marriage in Africa.
Omar, K., Hasim, S., Muhammad, N.A., Jaffar, A., Hashim, S.M., & Siraj, H.H. (2010). Adolescent pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in Malaysia. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obsetrics. 111(3), 220-3
The article by Omar et al (2010) aimed at the investigating risk factors associated with adolescent marriage and the respective outcomes. The study was carried in Malaysia hospital where a sample of 204 women aged 20-35 years were interviewed on their associate to girls pregnancy at 10-19 years of age. The study deduced that girl pregnancy was associated with low education, poverty, single parenthood, substance abuse, perinatal complications and illnesses among others. Therefore, Omar et al concluded that adolescence pregnancy was related to multiple risks and therefore, implementation of improvised health strategies on sex would reduce such pregnancy occurrences.
Sulaiman S., Othman, S., Razali, N., & Hassan, J. (2013). Obstetric and perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancies. South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 19(3), 77-80
In this article, Sulaiman et al (2013) made a comparison investigation on teenage and non-teenage pregnancies. This analysis covered obstetric outcomes and respective perinatal outcomes in 117 girls aged below 19 years of age, and 200 women aged above 19 years. The study showed that teenage pregnancies occurred at 1.1% rate with high risk of delivering less weight babies. However, the study noted that other pregnancy risk were similar like labor pains and anaemia risk. Salaiman et al concluded that teenage pregnancy risks are not as severe as people believe and therefore, implementing standard care would reduce obstetric and prenatal complications.
Muula, A. S. (2008). HIV Infection and AIDS Among Young Women in South Africa. Croatian Medical Journal, 49(3), 423–435
In this article, Muula investigated the risk rate of HIV/AIDS infection among young women. The study was carried in South Africa where a group of 16.9% women and 4.4% men aged between 15-24 years were interviewed. Following high occurrence of HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in South Africa, several factors were attributed to the effect. Poverty, violence against women, and preference of dry sex (avoiding condom) along cultural limitations were the factors increasing the rate of HIV and STDs infection. Additionally, the article covered current intervention programs in South Africa, an aspect which led to suggestion for advanced intervention to reduce HIV spread in the country.
Nayak, B.K. (2014). Child Marriage and Its Consequences in Ethiopia. Journal of School Social Work, 11(7)
Nayak (2014) investigated child marriage and its respective effects in Ethiopia. Following global practice of child marriage, the author addressed the issue as violation of human rights where girls faced inequality in education and health, propagating psychological effects. The child marriage issue was propagated by poverty, lack of education and cultural practices in Ethiopia despite the move to attaining global human rights. Additionally, maternal mortality was evident to be low while infant deaths were evident in child marriages. Finally, Nayak asserts that prevention of child marriage would be achieved through poverty reduction, upholding of human rights as well as implementing strict laws and policies, while involving society leaders in stopping child marriage.
Luke, N. (2005). Confronting the ‘sugar daddy’ stereotype: age and economic asymmetries and risky sexual behavior in urban Kenya. International Family Planning Perspectives, 31(1), 6-14
This article investigated the percentage of large age (sugar daddy) in sexual partnerships as well as the extent by which they influence or contribute to unsafe sex. From the increased rate of HIV spread in Africa, Luke was interested in attaining results on the effect ‘sugar daddies’ have in sexual behaviors. Survey carried on 1,052 men aged between 21-45 years of age, had them confess to having about 1,614 relationships recently. Following condom use aspect in relationships, the author asserted to less or no tendency of using condoms by sugar daddies especially on young girls. Therefore, Luke concluded that unsafe sex was not entirely propagated by sugar daddies, and thus women should be empowered to uphold safe sexual behaviors.
References
Luke, N. (2005). Confronting the ‘sugar daddy’ stereotype: age and economic asymmetries and risky sexual behavior in urban Kenya. International Family Planning Perspectives, 31(1), 6-14.
Mchunu, G., Peltzer, K., Tutshana, B., & Seutlwadi, L. (2012). Adolescent pregnancy and associated factors in South African youth. African Health Sciences, 12(4), 426–434
Muula, A. S. (2008). HIV Infection and AIDS Among Young Women in South Africa. Croatian Medical Journal, 49(3), 423–435
Nayak, B.K. (2014). Child Marriage and Its Consequences in Ethiopia. Journal of School Social Work, 11(7)
Nkomba, K., Ingvild, F. S., & Knut, F. (2009). Effects of neighbourhood-level educational attainment on HIV prevalence among young women in Zambia. BioMed Central Public Health, 9, 310
Nour, N.M. (2006). Health Consequences of Child Marriage in Africa. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(11), 1644–1649
Omar, K., Hasim, S., Muhammad, N.A., Jaffar, A., Hashim, S.M., & Siraj, H.H. (2010). Adolescent pregnancy outcomes and risk factors in Malaysia. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obsetrics. 111(3), 220-3
Sulaiman S., Othman, S., Razali, N., & Hassan, J. (2013). Obstetric and perinatal outcome in teenage pregnancies. South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 19(3), 77-80
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