Assessment tool and diagnostic test

Assessment tool and diagnostic test
Assessment tool and diagnostic test

Assessment tool and diagnostic test

Order Instructions:

Topic: Assessment Tools and Diagnostic Tests
When seeking to identify a patient’s health condition, advanced practice nurses can use a diverse selection of diagnostic tests and assessment tools; however, different factors affect the validity and reliability of the results produced by these tests or tools. Nurses must be aware of these factors in order to select the most appropriate test or tool and to accurately interpret the results.
In this Discussion, you will consider the validity and reliability of different assessment tools and diagnostic tests. You will explore issues such as sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.

To prepare:
• Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the factors that impact the validity and reliability of various assessment tools and diagnostic tests.
• Select one of the following assessment tools or diagnostic tests to explore for the purposes of this

Discussion:
o Mammogram
o Physical tests for sore throat (inspecting the throat, palpating the head and neck lymph nodes, listening to breath sounds)
o Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
o Dix-Hallpike test
o Body-mass index (BMI) using waist circumference for adults
• Search from any accredited Library and credible sources for resources explaining the tool or test you selected. What is its purpose, how is it conducted, and what information does it gather?
• Examine the literature and resources you located for information about the validity and reliability of the test or tool you selected. What issues with sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are related to the test or tool?
• Are there any controversies or issues related to any of these tests or tools?
• Consider any ethical dilemmas that could arise by using these tests or tools.
Post on or before Day 3 a description of how the assessment tool or diagnostic test you selected is used in health care. Based on your research, evaluate the test or the tool’s validity and reliability, and explain any issues with sensitivity, reliability, and predictive values. Include references in appropriate APA formatting.
Readings/Recommended References (you may choose your own textbook or articles for this paper)

• Seidel, H. M., Ball, J. W., Dains, J. E., Flynn, J. A., Solomon, B. S., & Stewart, R. W. (2011). Mosby’s guide to physical examination (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby.
o Chapter 2, “Cultural Awareness”

This chapter highlights the importance of cultural awareness when conducting health assessments. The authors explore the impact of culture on health beliefs and practices.
o Chapter 3, “Examination Techniques and Equipment”

This chapter explains the physical examination techniques of inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation. This chapter also explores special issues and equipment relevant to the physical exam process.
• Dains, J. E., Baumann, L. C., & Scheibel, P. (2012). Advanced health assessment and clinical diagnosis in primary care (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby, Elsevier.
o Chapter 1, “Clinical Reasoning, Differential Diagnosis, Evidence-Based Practice, and Symptom Analysis”

This chapter introduces the diagnostic process, which includes performing an analysis of the symptoms and then formulating and testing a hypothesis. The authors discuss how becoming an expert clinician takes time and practice in developing clinical judgment.
• LeBlond, R. F., Brown, D. D., & DeGowin, R. L. (2009). DeGowin’s diagnostic examination (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill Medical.
o Chapter 3, “The Physical Screening Examination”

In this chapter, the authors describe methods for physical examination and procedures for screening physical examinations. In addition, this chapter explains the necessary preparations and equipment for conducting exams.
o Chapter 17, “Principles of Diagnostic Testing”

The authors use this chapter to discuss the principles of diagnostic testing. The chapter specifies tools that may be used in the selection and interpretation of tests.
o Chapter 18, “Common Laboratory Tests”

This chapter details normal and pathologic results for common tests of the blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and serous fluid. Additionally, this chapter describes reasons for ordering different types of lab tests.
• Laine, C. (2012). High-value testing begins with a few simple questions. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(2), 162–163.
Retrieved from a Library databases.

This article supplies a list of questions physicians should ask themselves before ordering tests. The authors provide general guidelines for maximizing the value received from testing.
• Qaseem, A., Alguire, P., Dallas, P., Feinberg, L. E., Fitzgerald, F. T., Horwitch, C., & … Weinberger, S. (2012). Appropriate use of screening and diagnostic tests to foster high-value, cost-conscious care. Annals of Internal Medicine, 156(2), 147–149.
Retrieved from a Library databases.

This article highlights the increasing cost of health care and stresses the need for high-value and cost-conscious testing. The authors provide a list of 37 situations in which more testing provides no benefit or may be harmful.
• Shaw, S. J., Huebner, C., Armin, J., Orzech, K., & Vivian, J. (2009). The role of culture in health literacy and chronic disease screening and management. Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health, 11(6), 460–467.
Retrieved from a Library databases.

This article examines cultural influences on health literacy, cancer screening, and chronic disease outcomes. The authors postulate that cultural beliefs about health and illness affect a patient’s ability to comprehend and follow a health care provider’s instructions.
• Wians, F. H. (2009). Clinical laboratory tests: Which, why, and what do the results mean? LabMedicine, 40, 105–113.
Retrieved from http://labmed.ascpjournals.org/content/40/2/105.full

This article analyzes the laboratory testing cycle and its impact on diagnostic decision making. This article also examines important diagnostic performance characteristics of laboratory tests, methods of calculating performance, and tools used to assess the diagnostic accuracy of a laboratory test.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Assessment tool and diagnostic test

The Dix-Hallpike test, also known as Nylen-Barany test, is a diagnostic maneuver whose use is detecting Benigh Paraxysmal Positional Vertigo. When conducting the test, a patient is required to sit upright and have the legs extended. The patient’s head has to be rotated at around 5 degrees. Then the patient has to lie down backwards hastily with the head at 20 degrees of extension Viirre, Purcell & Baloh, 2012).The provider observes the patient’s eyes for 45 minutes as there is a characteristic five to ten seconds latency period prior to the appearance of a nystagmus. A positive test is indicated by a rotational nystagmus in the ear that is nearer to the ground. In the presence of a positive test, a rotator nystagmus phase is usually towards the affected ear. The direction of the fast phase is denoted by the eye’s top rotating clockwise or counter-clockwise (Viirre, Purcell & Baloh, 2012).

Some individuals deny taking this test based on physical limitations. Discomfort associated with the test is usually due to vertigo and nausea that is likely to result. Its sensitivity is not 100%. Some people with a history of BPPV never indicate a positive test result. The test has 79% projected sensitivity in addition to a 75% probable specificity Viirre, Purcell & Baloh, 2012). The occiput’s plane and speed of the maneuver are likely to affect the test’s results. There are high chances of patients being tensed about producing the symptoms of vertigo which influences the brisk passive movements of the test. The maneuver of this test is limited by musculoskeletal as well as obesity issues.

Some of the factors that contribute to its wide use in health are the ease of use since a single examiner can have it administered, and it is cheap. It should not be performed more than once as demonstrating observable nystagmus is challenging (Viirre, Purcell & Baloh, 2012).

Reference

Viirre, E., Purcell, I., & Baloh, R. W. (2012). The Dix‐Hallpike Test and The Canalith       Repositioning Maneuver. The Laryngoscope, 115(1), 184-187.

We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!

Unlike most other websites we deliver what we promise;

  • Our Support Staff are online 24/7
  • Our Writers are available 24/7
  • Most Urgent order is delivered with 6 Hrs
  • 100% Original Assignment Plagiarism report can be sent to you upon request.

GET 15 % DISCOUNT TODAY use the discount code PAPER15 at the order form.

Type of paper Academic level Subject area
Number of pages Paper urgency Cost per page:
 Total: