BREAST SCREENING TECHNIQUES
BREAST SCREENING TECHNIQUES
Order Instructions:
Read the following article below:
•Mahon, S. Screening for breast cancer: Evidence and recommendations. (2012). Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 16 (6), 567-571. doi10.1188/12.CJON.567-571
Here is the Scenario: A 58-year-old female has had negative mammograms annually since the age of 40. During a visit to the Women’s Health Clinic, the woman asks the RN if monthly breast self-examination and an annual mammogram are still necessary.
Answer the following Questions:
•1-Why is breast self-examination being replaced in the screening guidelines by mammography and breast magnetic resonance imaging?
•2-What are the risks associated with breast cancer screening? Do the risks outweigh the benefits? Why or why not?
Requirements & Attention to the writer, Make sure the following is accomplished with this paper:
1-Please focus on answering the questions and supporting your answers with the evidence.
2-Once you have thoroughly completed this objective expand on the subject a little
3-Please support the intervention directly.
4- APA style
5-2 pages long 550 words Maximum
6- Provide four citations, two from the above article and two from the text book ( Hinkle, J., & Cheever, K. (2014). Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Thanks for your attention to the requirements and details.
More information from the text book and chapters on the subject matter.
Required-Textbooks and the chapters covered for the subject matter.
Brunner and Suddarth’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing**
• Chapter 15: Oncology: Nursing Management in Cancer Care (section on “Cancer Survivorship”)
• Chapter 42: Management of Patients with Musculoskeletal Disorders (section on “Bone Tumors”)
• Chapter 47: Management of Patients with Gastric and Duodenal Disorders (sections on “Gastric Cancer” and “Tumors of the Small Intestine”)
• Chapter 48: Management of Patients with Intestinal and Rectal Disorders (sections on “Colorectal Cancer” and “Polyps of the Colon and Rectum”)
• Chapter 50: Assessment and Management of Patients with Biliary Disorders: (sections on “Cancer of the Pancreas”, “Tumors of the Head of the Pancreas”, “Pancreatic Islet Tumors”, “Hyperinsulinism” and “Ulcerogenic Tumors”)
• Chapter 52: Assessment and Management of Patients with Endocrine Disorders: (sections on “Pituitary Tumors” and “Thyroid Cancer”)
• Chapter 54: Management of Patients with Kidney Disorders: (section on “Renal Cancer”).
• Chapter 55: Management of Patients with Urinary Disorders: (sections on “Cancer of the Bladder” and “Urinary Diversions”)
• Chapter 57: Management of Patients with Female Reproductive Disorders (section on “Malignant Conditions”)
• Chapter 58: Assessment and Management of Patients with Breast Disorders (sections on “Benign Conditions of the Breast” and “Malignant Conditions of the Breast”)
• Chapter 59: Assessment and Management of Problems Related to the Male Reproductive Process (section on “Cancer of the Prostate”)
• Chapter 61: Management of Patients with Dermatologic Problems (section on “Skin Tumors”)
• Chapter 70: Management of Patients with Oncologic or Degenerative Neurologic Disorders: (section on “Oncologic Disorders of the Brain and Spinal Cord”)
SAMPLE ANSWER
BREAST SCREENING TECHNIQUES
Introduction
Advancements in breast screening technology have led to the growth of techniques to handle the analysis and development of breast analysis equipment. This means that activities that women used to engage in the name of breast screening such as self-examination do not really make sense in the modern environment. It is indeed important that persons undertaking different activities in the modern world to acknowledge the advancements that have led to early treatment and elimination of breast cancer. Often, breast cancer is detected while already too late. However, with the proper mechanisms and technology (as is available today), there can not only be early diagnosis but early treatment as early as sixteen years. This is a very important realization in medicine and indeed one that needs acknowledgement (Arrospide et al., 2016).
It is often difficult to understand why to or not to use techniques such as the mammogram and the breast magnetic resonance examination. However, given that the main issue and symptom sought after in breast cancer examination is the lump in the breast; then there is need to have techniques that realize this lump before it becomes a sore bob on the breast. It is also necessary that at the end of the day; there be a mechanism to realize a reputable scale reading that will auger well with international standards. Cancer of any kind is the world’s greatest killer. This is why it is often important to take cancer research to such extremes. Nevertheless, the use of equipment minimizes human error where the possibility of human intuition (often a blunder in medicine) is imminent. It is therefore important to ensure that the technology used is rightfully utilized to achieve specific assignment goals in medical treatment (Autier, Boniol, Smans, Sullivan & Boyle, 2016).
Risks
Breast cancer screening is associated with a lot of risks. Firstly; there is the concern that the hospital is not accredited to treat cancer patients. There is need to ensure that the research center or healthcare facility treating the situation has the right equipment to handle the patient. There is also need to guarantee that it is likely to be a situation where the nature of healthcare provided has to be government-approved. Handling of cancer patients is and should be a government prerogative thus the need to ensure that there is always considerable risk mitigation. There is also a significant challenge with regard to the estimation of growth of lump (predicting age of the cancer). This makes it difficult to determine whether or not a particular sample of data can actually justify the correct mechanisms for screening and treatment of breast cancer (Mahon, 2012).
Conclusion
Breast cancer treatment is a complimentary factor of many components and resources as far as treatment of cancers is concerned. Nonetheless, there is always the advancement of technologies to better healthcare. Most healthcare practitioners nonetheless do not appreciate new technology probably due to the complexity of machines. It is therefore important to ensure that there is a deliberate effort to promote the use of breast cancer equipment in hospitals. Efforts such as public awareness campaigns and telecasting campaigns need to be rewarded with government regulation on some of the new treatment mechanisms. Only by doing this can the treatment of cancer be advanced. This advancement would only come through use and research of new technologies. It is important to screen cancer at an early age. The radiology involved in the screening process can have adverse effects on the treatment mechanism (Hinkle & Cheever, 2014).
References
Arrospide, A., Rue, M., van Ravesteyn, N. T., Comas, M., Soto-Gordoa, M., Sarriugarte, G., & Mar, J. (2016). Economic evaluation of the breast cancer screening programme in the Basque Country: retrospective cost-effectiveness and budget impact analysis.BMC Cancer, 161-9.
Autier, P., Boniol, M., Smans, M., Sullivan, R., & Boyle, P. (2016). Observed and Predicted Risk of Breast Cancer Death in Randomized Trials on Breast Cancer Screening. Plos ONE, 11(4), 1-13.
Hinkle, J., & Cheever, K. (2014). Brunner and Suddarthâ’s textbook of medical-surgical nursing (13th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Mahon, S. (2012). Screening for breast cancer: Evidence and recommendations. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing, 16 (6), 567-571. doi10.1188/12.CJON.
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