Category: Writing

Community Health Strategy Assignment

Community Health Strategy
      Community Health Strategy

Community Health Strategy

Order Instructions:

for this paper, the writer must pay attention to details. The writer should carefully read all instructions before attempting the assignment. The writer must clearly respond to all items listed in the questions while clearly following the template provided using proper APA as indicated. The writer must use the chosen topic and must also clearly show the chosen model as indicated in the paper.

Community Health Strategy
Advance practice nurses can be found in every aspect of the health care field including out in the community. Advanced practice nurses not only care for the client but all aspects that surround their clients. In this assignment you will focus on promoting the health of the community. You will choose a topic concerning women’s health. In a 5 to 6 page APA formatted paper you will create and discuss a community health promotion that pertains to your topic. Make sure to:

1. Identify your chosen topic and the demographic area and population that you are targeting. The chosen Topic is (Vulvovaginal infections and sexually transmitted infections). The demography area and population is the African-American population in the Washington DC Metro area.

2. Discuss why this topic is important to this group (include background information) with references.

3. Use one community based health promotion model.

4. Discuss how this model was used in the creation of this community health promotion strategy.

5. Include your community health promotion strategy.
Assignment Requirements
The finished Assignment should be 4 pages minimum Analytical essay, encompassing all required items listed. The viewpoint and purpose of this Assignment should be clearly established and sustained.
Before finalizing your work, you should:

• be sure to read the Assignment description carefully

• consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Home) to make sure you have included everything necessary;

• utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors; and

• review APA formatting and citation information found in the KU Writing Center, online, or elsewhere in the course.
Your assignment should:

• follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);

• be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;

• display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics;

• use APA 6th edition format for organization, style, and crediting sources including:

• properly formatted header

• 12-point, double-spaced, Times New Roman font

• use of in-text citations

• title page and reference page

• use of headings (if applicable)

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Community Health Strategy

The health of communities is the priority of nurse practitioners. Studying diseases among different populations and in varied regions improves the understanding of nurses, and therefore facilitates patient care. Other than attending patients directly, nurses require establishing strategies that would benefit their communities on health matters.

Studying a particular type of disease in a narrow population could lead to more effective community health strategies. With such type of a study, nurses can identify issues that could not have been determined through studies that are too general.

Population, Demographic Area and Disease Identification

The essay explores Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among African Americans residing within Washington DC. The paper emphasizes on vaginal as well as vulvar infections.

Vulvovaginal Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections

Among the commonest health hazards striking the female gender are the reproductive tract infections. Often, infections on either the vagina or the vulva lead to the inflammation of the respective organ. Women can acquire reproductive system infections either through sexual intercourse or other means. Common vaginal and vulva infections include those of protozoon, viral or bacterial origins.

Trichomoniasis, gonorrhea, HIV/AIDS, vaginosis, herpes, chlamydia infection, and syphilis are just but examples of highly prevalent Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). While some infectious agents limit their damaging effects to the reproductive system, some such as HIV/AIDS virus extend to other body systems. Different populations face unequal risks to most of the infections. Among the infections causing vaginal and vulvar inflammation are genital candidiasis, trichomoniasis as well as vaginosis (Moreira Mascarenhas, Sacramento Cunha Machado,Borges da Costa e Silva,FernandesWeyll Pimentel, Teixeira Ferreira,Silva Leoni, &Grassi, 2012, Pg. 1)

Prevalence of STIs among the African Americans in Washington

Brown, Sales, DiClemente, Salazar, Vanable, Carey, and Stanton (2012) reported that African Americans in general have a disproportionate exposure to STIs (Pg. 1491). Research indicates that among other STIs, chlamydia infection and gonorrhea are most prevalent, especially among female adolescents within the African American population (Brow et al., 2012, Pg. 1491). With Chlamydia, for example, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found from research that cases of the disease are six times higher in black women than they are in their white counterparts. For the males, as CDC further indicated, occurrence of chlamydia was nine times higher in the blacks as compared to the whites (2012).

The Importance of Studying Vulvovaginal Infections and Sexually Transmitted Infections among Black Americans in Washington DC

So many factors necessitate the study of STIs among African Americans. Investigations are not only important for the African Americans in Washington, but also for those in America at large.

Background information

Black Americans constitute 4% of the population in Washington DC (United States Census Bureau, 2015). Owing to their high predisposition to STIs, African Americans are worth special attention. Again, the varied nature of STIs calls for effective interventions.

Considering their numbers, African Americans are among the minority groups, both in Washington DC and in the US at large. In most cases, minority groups encounter hardships while accessing certain services in the community. As such, the minoritiesgroups end up receiving care of lower value than that enjoyed by the majorities.Financial strains and other barriers among populations limit their access to health care services.Nijhawan, Chapin, Salloway, Champion, Roberts and Clark (2012) wrote that for trichomoniasis, for example, lack of quality gynecological care accounts for high number of cases among minority populations (Pg. 3).

African Americans Face High Risk to a Variety of STIs

A number of findings indicate disproportionality in the predisposition of African Americans to STIs. Swartzendruber, Sales, Brown, DiClemente and Rose for instance, indicated that women within the group face higher risk for both HIV/AIDS and trichomonasvaginalis (2014, Pg. 240). Other infections to which African Americans depict higher predisposition than normal include gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis (CDC, 2012). Owing to the facts and the current research findings established, it is important to study STIs among African Americans.

Community Based Health Promotional Model

To fight STIs among African Americans, one of the most applicable strategies include the Community Organization Model of Health Promotion.

Concepts of the Community Organization model

In the model, healthcare practitioners take a central position toward promotion of health in the community. To implement measures, healthcare workers rely on the community for support and material resources (US department of Health and Human Services, 2011, Pg. 8). With the method, healthcare practitioners cooperate with social organizations such as learning institutions and religious groups to pursue the common goal of health promotion (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, Pg. 8).

Advantages of Using the Community Organization Model

The Community Organization Model allows nurses to associate with the society. Through the model, nurses and other healthcare professionals can help the community in identifying problems within their environment. For instance, nurses can sensitize African Americans on their high predisposition to sexual illnesses. After understanding their situation, people within the population would take more precautions to protect themselves. The community would also get involved for the promotion of their own health. It would be easier solving the menace with optimal involvement of the affected population.

How Community Organization Model was used in the Creation of Health Promotion Strategy

The community organization model motivated the strategy that aimed at promoting the health of African Americans.

The Activities Involved

Community assessment was performed, and it was established that there was need for the study of vulvovaginal infections, as well as STIs among African Americans. The model also motivated the involvement of clinicians in addressing the situation. Usually, community organization model requires cooperation between the members of the society and healthcare practitioners (U.S Department of Health and Human Services, 2011, Pg. 9).

The Expected Outcomes after the Application of the Model

Since the model connected clinical care providers to the community, the health of African Americans was expected to improve. The clinicians would offer necessary information to the community on matters concerning their sexual health. Interaction between involved parties would facilitate the move toward a healthier society.

Improvement of Sexual Health among African Americans as aCommunity Health Promotion Strategy

Sexual behavior was found to be an essential element in the high occurrence of STIs among African Americans (Brown et al., 2012, Pg. 1493). The public therefore, need knowledge on safe methods of participating in sexual activities. Again, education on practices that would reduce infection through non-sexual practices is necessary. Employing an educative strategy would help in community health promotion. Nurses can offer the education needed by the community.

Conclusion

Following the raised risk for STIs among African Americans, relevant bodies need to work tirelessly to promote the health of the population. Stakeholders need to employ effective strategies that would offer the best outcomes. When addressing a health issue affecting an entire population, methodologies applied need to take a communal approach, rather than focusing on singular patients. To reduce the susceptibility of African Americans to vulvovaginal infections and STIs, clinicians and other health advisory groups need educating the population. They should sensitize the community on its high susceptibility to the infections, in addition to offering it the protective measures.

References

Brown, J. L., Sales, J. M., DiClemente, R. J., Salazar, L. F., Vanable, P. A., Carey, M. P., … Stanton, B. (2012). Predicting Discordance between Self-reports of Sexual Behavior and Incident Sexually Transmitted Infections with African American Female Adolescents: Results from a 4-city Study. AIDS and Behavior, 16(6), 1491–1500.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). STDs in Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Retrieved http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats12/minorities.htm

Moreira Mascarenhas, R. E., Sacramento Cunha Machado, M., Borges da Costa e Silva, B. F., FernandesWeyll Pimentel, R., Teixeira Ferreira, T., Silva Leoni, F. M., &Grassi, M. F. R. (2012). Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Vaginosis and Other Vulvovaginitis in a Population of Sexually Active Adolescents from Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2012, 1-6.

Nijhawan, A. E., Chapin, K. C., Salloway, R., Andrea, S., Champion, J., Roberts, M., & Clarke, J. G. (2012). Prevalence and Predictors of Trichomonas Infection in Newly Incarcerated Women. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 39(12), 1-14.

Swartzendruber, A., Sales, J. M., Brown, J. L., DiClemente, R. J., & Rose, E. S. (2014). Correlates of Incident Trichomonasvaginalis Infections Among African American Female Adolescents. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 41(4), 240–245.

U.S Department of Health and Human Services. (2011). Community Health Workers Evidence-Based Models Toolbox HRSA Office of Rural Health Policy. Retrieved June 7, 2015 from http://www.hrsa.gov/ruralhealth/pdf/chwtoolkit.pdf

United States Census Bureau. (2015). State and County Facts: Washington DC. Retrieved June 7, 2015 from http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/53000.html

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Change theories Research Paper Assignment

Change theories
Change theories

Change theories

Order Instructions:

Capstone Project
Care Teams

Directions:In a minimum of 2-3 pages in APA format with a minimum of 3 references properly cited.

Lay out the obstacles that must be overcome to accomplish a change within your organization. Be sure to consider Change Theories as you look at the process of organizational change.  What role should the multidisciplinary team play and why?
use college grammar

SAMPLE ANSWER

Change is necessary for the development of an organization and usually involves the embracing and adoption of different ideas. Although change is inevitable, there are usually obstacles to it and some of the obstacles are as follows;

Resistance to change by people within organizations as shown by the fact that most people would rather accept working in an organization that is stable rather than in an organization that is constantly under changes even if they are getting a lower pay.  The main reason why people are usually resistant to change is because of the belief that change could make their life worse. Others are resistant to change because of personal reasons such as biasness towards the person initiating the change and such could be politically motivated. This resistance can be addressed by using the Kaluzny & Hernandez (1998) model of stage theory of change. According to this model, an organization should begin by creating awareness by defining what the change is all about and this will help the members of an organization to critically analyze it before criticizing and resisting the change. (John, 2014, pg 51)

Flawed communications strategies within organizations provide a barrier to change. An organization requires effective communications strategies between the employees and employers. This will help the employees understand and appreciate the change that is to be initiated. Lack of these strategies in organizations is what makes people become resistant to change since they are not fully informed and have numerous misconceptions concerning this change. The leaders of organizations should strive at creating an environment that will facilitate effective communication and this is to be achieved through adopting a social and interactive character. This can also be addressed using the Kaluzny & Hernandez (1998) model which provides a forum for effective communication in the awareness stage. (John, 2014, pg 51)

Inadequate culture-shift planning is also another barrier. This is the failure to adequately plan for resultant cultural change that follows after the process of organizational change. When planning for an organizational change,  the planning team might become too narrowly focused on objective analysis and critical thinking and they might end up forgetting that this change will affect the people resulting into the overlooking of the employees’  feelings. The result will be a feeling of resentment from the employees since they will be of the idea that some traditions have not been duly respected. (Taborda, 2011, pg 59)

Lack of integration and involvement of all members of an organization provides a barrier to change. The organizational development theory of change states that for change to occur in an organization there should be the incorporation of everyone’s ideas and opinions. Everybody in the organization should also be ready to adopt and implement the strategies put forward so as to initiate this change. The Beyer & Trice (1978) model of stage theory of change states that before the initiating of a change plan, the plan and all possible responses should be critically evaluated. This cohesiveness should cut across all employees regardless of their status or position in the organization for the effectiveness of the changing process.

Complexity of changes also makes it difficult for organizations to implement changes. The more the complex a change is, the harder it becomes for an organization to embrace and implement it. It will usually require diligence, unlimited knowledge and quality skills for an organization to implement such a complex change and in many cases organizations lack these fundamental qualities making it hard to accomplish the desired change. According to the inter-organizational relations theory of change, organizations should create networks that will enable the exchanging of ideas which will help in the addressing of complex changes. (Taborda, 2011, pg 64)

For the process of organizational change to be effective, the multidisciplinary team should play a role in ensuring that the members from all disciplines work together in striving for the change. This is so because for change to occur and be effective, input from each and everyone in an organization is required. (Reib, 2012, pg 105).

References

John, H. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 51

Reib, M. (2012). Change management: A balanced and blended approach. Norderstedt: Books on Demand.

Taborda, L. J. (2011). Enterprise Release Management: Agile Delivery of a strategic change portfolio. Norwood: Artech House.

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Understanding people and the health care environment

Understanding people and the health care environment
Understanding people and the health care environment

Understanding people and the health care environment

Order Instructions:

Discuss the factors contributing to the breakdown between health care providers and patients from a culturally and linguistically diverse background, therefore, discuss influence of culture on communication & access to health care services and what are some of the communication barriers to accessing health with patients from a different cultural background (focus on refugees in Australia).
Explore the impact of people’s ( immigrants/refugees/culturally diverse people) ) engagement with health care services.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Understanding people and the health care environment

It is hypothesized that language barrier is an independent variable; which is responsible for poor access to quality healthcare by Australian Refugees. Several surveys indicate that the quality of care correlates with the nature of the relationship between the healthcare provider and the patient. According to Refugee statistics in 2014, there are about 11.7million refuges being hosted in developed countries; 0.3% of them are hosted in Australia. Additionally, over the last decades, there has been increased in population of the foreign-born. This rapid growth of refugee has increased healthcare disparities associated with the language barrier and cultural diversity in Australia (Clarke et al. 2014).

In this context, culture refers to a pattern of human being behavior; beliefs, practices, values and other customs. Cultural values and beliefs affect healthcare in many ways. First, culture affects people’s way of seeking care. Some cultures have different beliefs on disease etiology which influences the decision making processes; especially when choosing the preferred type of therapy. Additionally, cultural familiarity with healthcare systems could influence acceptability of modern care. Cultural aspects, influence people’s way of life such as adapting to health-related knowledge or lifestyle; in some cases, it influences the relationship and interaction with the healthcare provider (Artuso et al. 2013)

Culture has many systems; one aspect of systems includes communication and language. There is a partial overlap between culture and language. For example, refugees who speak French can be from different parts of the world with distinct culture. Therefore, there is diversity within the similar language-speaking community; and beyond the broad statistical grouping (Hiruy & Mwanri 2013). The healthcare conventional model depicts a strong relationship between several independent variables which influence the ability to access healthcare facility; and to utilize the resources; these variables include predisposing characteristics such as age; sex, and ethnicity (Davies et al. 2014).

The issues of language barriers are also independent variables which have been identified to have an effect on healthcare. The language barrier makes people have difficulty in expressing their signs and symptoms; have difficulty in understanding the foreign medical terminology or even follow the necessary instructions towards accessing care (Al Abed et al. 2014). For example, it has been found that non-speaking women are less likely to receive mammogram or Pap smear test. The research study also found that the nonspeaking community lack regular primary care; which is associated with a reduced quality of life.  The language barrier is associated with lack of access to healthcare; and is often associated with reduced access to transport and medical insurance (Mahmoud et al. 2012).

Language and cultural components are often used interchangeably, such that impacts of culture are often indistinguishable with those of culture. However, proficiency in language does not necessarily imply that a person understands its cultural values and beliefs. For instance, a person born in one continent could choose to learn a different language from a dissimilar continent (Clarke et al. 2014).  Though the person may be fluent in speaking and understanding foreign language, he or she may not understand health values and beliefs, alternative health remedies and existing rituals. In this context, learning foreign language only improves patient-doctor communication; but, it would not overcome the prevailing cultural differences and influences to healthcare systems (Cheng, Drillich & Schattner 2015).

The language barrier causes many individuals to be unfamiliar with health care systems in Australia. This often results to misunderstandings between healthcare providers and service users. This makes the service users experience that the health system is crisis oriented; making it difficult for the patient to understand processes in preventive care and schedule appointment. The recent study on asylum seeking refugees indicated that they did not understand why they would not receive treatment when they went to hospitals without appointment. Others had different interpretation and perception of emergency, and would show up in the emergency department even with no emergency condition (Al Abed et al. 2014).

The language barrier also affects the quality of care to service user as well as patient satisfaction. The language barrier result to medical errors which put patient safety in danger. Studies done indicated that medical error incidences were more common when service user and service providers spoke different languages. The language barrier could result to in accurate recording of the patient’s medical history, poor communication could also lead to erroneous prognosis or misdiagnoses.  Additionally, language barriers could make patients fail to follow medical instructions, overtreatment of patients and interfere with medical adherence (Zhang et al. 2015).

The language barrier and cultural barriers influence people’s healthcare literacy. Health literacy refers to the people’s ability to gather knowledge; process and comprehend the basic healthcare and social care information. Health literacy is a component of effective communication and is affiliated with the language barrier (Al Abed et al. 2014). Health literacy is inversely associated with education attainment and socioeconomic background.  However, there is need to carry out more research to establish the exact relationship between the language barrier, cultural barriers and servicer user and provider relationship and on specific healthcare outcomes. The research should look into the role of English /language proficiency, cultural diversity on health literacy; and how it impacts the patient’s outcome (Clarke et al. 2014).

References

Al Abed, N., Hickman, L., Jackson, D., Digiacomo, M. and Davidson, P. (2014). Editorial. Contemporary Nurse, 46(2), pp.259-262.

Artuso, S., Cargo, M., Brown, A. and Daniel, M. (2013). Factors influencing health care utilization among Aboriginal cardiac patients in central Australia: a qualitative study. BMC Health Services Research, 13(1), p.83.

Cheng, I., Drillich, A. and Schattner, P. (2015). Refugee experiences of general practice in countries of resettlement: a literature review. British Journal of General Practice, 65(632), pp.e171-e176.

Clark, A., Gilbert, A., Rao, D. and Kerr, L. (2014). Excuse me; do any of you ladies speak English? Perspectives of refugee women living in South Australia: barriers to accessing primary health care and achieving the Quality Use of Medicines. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 20(1), p.92.

Davies, J., Bukulatjpi, S., Sharma, S., Davis, J. and Johnston, V. (2014). Only your blood can tell the story€ – a qualitative research study using semi- structured interviews to explore the hepatitis B related knowledge, perceptions and experiences of remote dwelling Indigenous Australians and their health care providers in northern Australia. BMC Public Health, 14(1), p.1233.

Hiruy, K. and Mwanri, L. (2013). End-of-life experiences and expectations of Africans in Australia: Cultural implications for palliative and hospice care. Nursing Ethics, 21(2), pp.187-197.

Mahmoud, I., Hou, X., Chu, K. and Clark, M. (2012). Language and utilisation of emergency care in Queensland. Emerg Med Australas, 25(1), pp.40-45.

Zhang, X., Yu, P., Yan, J. and Ton A M Spil, I. (2015). Using diffusion of innovation theory to understand the factors impacting patient acceptance and use of consumer e-health innovations: a case study in a primary care clinic. BMC Health Services Research, 15(1).

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Investments Research Term Paper Available

Investments
                        Investments

Investments

Order Instructions:

Dear Admin,

Note: To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached then answer the following questions:

Part A…………………………..

Answer the following questions:

1.An organisation owes £300,000 tax at 1.7.X4 and £450,000 at 30.6.X5. Its income statement for the year to 30.6.X5 includes a tax charge of £400,000. How much tax was actually paid in the year to 30.6.X5?

2.An organisation buys a tangible non-current asset for £200,000. It has an estimated scrap value of £20,000 and an expected useful economic life of 10 years.

o What depreciation will be shown in the income statement for year 3?

o How would the non-current asset be shown in the statement of financial position at the end of year 3?

o If the asset is sold for £120,000 in year 4, how will this affect:
a) the income statement for year 4?
b) the statement of financial position at the end of year 4?

o How will the sale of the tangible non-current asset affect the firm’s statement of cash flows?
Be sure to demonstrate your numerical workings.

Part B…………………………..

The income statement and the statement of cash flows, in addition to the statement of financial position, are the three financial statements that organisations cannot do without. The statement of cash flows was the last one to be instituted but is now regarded as a necessity in the accounting field. The following exercise takes a closer look at the statement of cash flows and allows time for your thoughts and consideration of its role.
In formulating your Key Concept Exercise, consider the following questions:

•What type of information does the statement of cash flows provide investors?

•How do changes in liquidity affect an organisation?
Cash is the lifeblood of any business, and without it survival is very unlikely.

Do you agree or disagree? Explain what information a statement of cash flows provides to supplement a statement of financial position and an income statement. Why is there still some controversy surrounding published statements of cash flows? How important are such statements in terms of the financial reporting requirements within YOUR country?
Base your answer upon your reading, further research and your own experiences.

Also,
1) The answer must raise appropriate critical questions.
2) Do include all your references, as per the Harvard Referencing System,
3) Please don’t use Wikipedia web site.
4) I need examples from peer reviewed articles or researches.
5) Turnitin.com copy percentage must be 10% or less.

Note: To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached

Appreciate each single moment you spend in writing my paper

Best regards

SAMPLE ANSWER

Investments

Part A

Question 1

Taxation Tax due £
1.7.X 4 300,000
30.06. X 5 450,000
Tax due 750,000
Tax paid 400,000 For 30.06.X5
Tax Paid 300,000 For 1.7.X4
Total paid 700,000
Please note taxes are paid as per the total
that’s being owed. The entries in the income
statement reflect the income for expenses
for the period only. Owings for taxes  for that period
would amount to £ 50 (part of Owings)

 

The total tax paid in 30.06.X5 is £700,000

Question 2

Depreciation £
Cost of the Asset 200,000
Less Scrap value 20,000
Useful life 180,000
Years 10 yrs (depreciation/year) 18,000
 a) Third yr depreciation 18,000
Cost Dep NBV
 b)  Non-current Assets 200,000 54,000 146,000
     Income Statement yr 4
Total depreciation – 4yrs 72,000
NBV (200,000-72,000) 128,000
Disposal 120,000
Loss 8,000
c) The income statement would report a loss of 8,000
 d) The financial statement would not have a report
of the asset if it’s sold. It would be removed
from the financial statement.

 

(Kieso, Weygandt & Warfield, 2007)

Part B

Introduction

Cash flows reflect the changes in the balance sheet and also the income statement. It calculates and arrives at cash and cash equivalents through an analysis that breaks down all the business operations into three processes; financing, operating and investing activities. The cash flow statement includes all the current financial operations as per the balance sheet as well as all the changes that took place during the financial year. The cash flow is utilized to determine a company’s short term financial viability especially its liquidity. The investors would be interested in knowing the cash generated from operations, the taxes and interest paid together with the dividends that were paid to the owners of the company (Bodie, Z., Kane, A., & Marcus, A. J. 2008).

The cash flow reveals all the net cash flows from the investing, financing and operating activities. It also indicates the net increase in the company’s cash & cash equivalents. The investors are mostly interested in profitability of the company but the company has to be liquid. The company must be able to maintain its financial obligations by having a reasonable working capital. Investors are mostly interested in cash flow statements because they shade some light on the company’s liquidity. The income statement is based on the accrual system; transactions are recognized when they have occurred and not when cash is paid or received by the company. Because of these systems, it’s possible for a company to register some profits but actually collapse after a few days due to liquidity problems. The amounts recorded and expected from debtors may not arrive on time or may turn out to be bad debts.

Yes i agree with the statement as without liquid cash for operations a business unit cannot function. Large businesses collapse because of investing huge amounts of money in stock. Operating cash flow is crucial to the survival of a business as most operations like payment of salaries, sales allowances and maintenance of vehicles must be paid for business operations and processes to function effectively.

The statement of cash flow reveals the company’s liquidity position. The total cash paid and the remaining cash and cash equivalent (Vance, 2003).

The controversies surrounding the cash flow suggest that the financial statement is difficult to understand for average citizens and it becomes even more complex for large corporations that have complex business operations like acquisitions, mergers or disposals of subsidiaries. Most companies rank liquidity in companies as more important and critical than actual profitability of the company. The income statement and the balance sheet reveal only the profitability of the company but the cash flow reveals even the liquidity status of the company.

However, the major limitation of the cash flow statement is that it only indicates the amounts spent on acquisition of fixed or non-current assets in a particular financial period but it does not reveal whether the transaction were profitable or not and if it was necessary in the first place.

The cash flow may also reveal if the company registered some increment in stock since the last financial period but it does not reveal if the increment was a result of poor work by salesmen, error in stock taking or a strategy to make extra income on anticipation of price increment or fear of shortages (Garrison, R., Noreen, W. & Brewer, 2009).

The cash flow also does not reveal why debtors may have increased and the reasons behind the increment. It could be possible that the debtors may be having financial challenges or the company has extended its credit period or the credit controller is inefficient in collecting the debts due. These questions makes it necessary to have other financial statements that have more details on financial issues and which may  be needed to clear certain reports. Hence the cash flow cannot be of much use if it’s presented on its own and without the income statement and the balance sheet or the statement of financial position of a company. All the three financial documents have their own contribution in providing complete financial accounting information.

References

Bodie, Z., Kane, A., & Marcus, A. J., 2008, Investments (7th International Ed.) Boston: McGraw-Hill. 303

Garrison, R., Noreen, W. & Brewer, P., 2009, Managerial Accounting, New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. 65 -70

Kieso, D. E., Weygandt, J. J., & Warfield, T. D., 2007, Intermediate Accounting (12th Ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons,

Vance, D., 2003, Financial analysis and decision making: tools and techniques to solve financial problems and make effective business decisions. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

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Diversification of Portfolios Term Paper

Diversification of Portfolios
   Diversification of Portfolios

Diversification of Portfolios

Order Instructions:

For this paper, the writer will have to read the two post and react to them in one paragraph each. The writer will expand and constructively challenge each of this postings using a minimum of one scholarly article to support his point. each posting respond must have a minimum of 250 words and APA must be use . The writer will respond directly on the uploaded paper with the respond coming directly under each posting as indicated. the references must be in APA format.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Diversification of Portfolios

Response to post 1

It is heart breaking for the many employees that have invested their stocks in Enron to lose such substantial investments because of poor management. For this reason, I  hold the view that the company has to stick to the various laws and regulations such as Employee Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to meet the interests of employees (Purcell, 2002).  Employees should not always believe that fiduciary has their interest at stake. It is their obligation to scrutinize hard information and data on the risks and returns to have a clear picture on the company financial position before making the decision to invest. There is an option to diversify their investments as opposed to investing in one entity. The good thing about diversifying ones investments is that, it acts as a caution in case of such incidences that happened in Enron. Therefore, this posting is telling all investors to be very attentive and take precautionary measures when making investment decisions.  Intense research on the company data is critical before investing in any portfolio. The safe thing to do is to consider diversifying ones investments.

Response to post 2

The company option of offering their employees and option of 401k supported by section 404 (c) Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to enable them self-direct their investment was a noble idea. The problem is that the managers already knew the intention behind this. It is evident that employees saw prospectus and an opportunity in investing in the company stock.  One thing they did not know is that the company books of accounts did not represent the real market growth. The blame goes to the employer for misrepresenting the financial books of accounts to woo employees to invest in the company. The repercussions on the management of the company were therefore appropriate to help discourage such unethical practices by other managers (Ross, Westerfield & Jaffe, 2013). To some extent, employees as well are to blame for what begot them.  It is important for any investor to scrutinize the books of accounts and  do due  diligence by exploring financial statements of the company, calculate ratio analysis, carry out risk analysis, compare the dividends/ share versus earnings per share and calculate the time value of money to ascertain the performance of the company. Whether the company gave them this information or not, they have the obligation to request for the same.

References

Purcell, P.  (2002). The Enron bankruptcy and employer stock in retirement plans. Journal of         Pension Planning & Compliance, 28(2), 36-44.

Ross, S.A., Westerfield, R.W., & Jaffe, J. (2013). Corporate finance (10thed.). New York, NY:    McGraw-Hill/Irwin

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Discourses in Shock Jock Radio Assignment

Discourses in Shock Jock Radio
Discourses in Shock Jock Radio

Discourses in Shock Jock Radio

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Essay Instructions:

STEP 1: A developed understanding of Mayr’s (2008) Ch.1 Introduction: power, discourse and institutions reading from Week 6 is required. Students should read Mayr again and concentrate on the themes in the reading that focus on the media as a production industry that produces content for commercial reasons, and in so doing distributes content that conveys dominant ideologies about its function as a reflection of society’s beliefs, values, principles etc.

STEP 2: A developed understanding of Talbot’s (2007) Ch.1 Introduction: media and discourse reading from Week 7 is required. Students should read Talbot again and concentrate on the themes in the reading that focus on the media as embedded in peoples daily lives and interactions so that through shared knowledges, mediated texts are interpreted as conveying ideas about particular persons social or professional positions.

STEP 3: The ‘identity’ role you will research is: radio shock jock and/or commentators and their activities (see pages 786-787 of Turbide, Vincent & Laforest 2010)

STEP 4: Conduct independent research to locate contemporary * Australian Newspaper content that features the topical professional/social roles mentioned above. Use ANZ Newsstand (Proquest) online library database resource as a starting point. See the link below. *Article must have been published in a (print or online) newspaper publication within the last 12 months.
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/library/access/databases-by-title

ESSAY STRUCTURE AND CONTENT:

INTRODUCTION
BODY
SECTION 1:
(Approximately 500-700 words)
Having selected this specific newspaper article you are required to consider its purpose as an example of media discourse to answer the following questions:
Which publication did this article appear in and why is it important to identify this? What kinds of ‘institutional procedures and practices’ (Mayr 2008, pp.1-2) may have impacted on why the contents of this article may be deemed to be newsworthy?
Does any of the article’s content explicitly refer to the media’s role as a communication medium?
If it does, why do you think this kind of encoding (Hall in Talbot 2007) has occurred? If it doesn’t, why do you think that choice has been made by those who were responsible for encoding the article?

SECTION 2:
(Maximum 500 words)
Provide a brief general overview of the article’s key story content.

SECTION 3:
(Approximately 1000-1200 words)
Explain how language style and specific instances of terminology have been used to convey the story.
• You should include direct examples from the text.
• You should discuss whose language is being represented (e.g. an
interviewee’s; spokesperson’s; politician’s; the journalist’s?) and explain the
impact this may have on a reader’s decoding of the story’s content.
• If there are predominant ‘visual languages’ used (e.g. headlines; photographs;
captions; by-lines), then you should also discuss how these structural devices frame the story’s meanings.

CONCLUSION
Word Limit: 2500 words (word count does not include the bibliography)
Due Date: Friday 12h June by MIDNIGHT
Submission: Electronic submission of the essay + bibliography to the designated TURNITIN area of the CMNS3270 Blackboard Site. Separate submission of COMPLETED Assessment Item Coversheet required.
NOTE: Ensure that you list the direct URL hyperlink to the actual newspaper article in your bibliography.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Discourses in Shock Jock Radio

Section One

The publication chosen for this work for discourse analysis in this work appeared in the Sydney Morning Herald on March 20th the year 2015. The article was titled, “Shock jock John Laws savages caller claiming to be sex abuse victim”. It takes us through a phone call interview between a shock jock radio presenter known as John Laws and an old man who turned out to be to a victim of sexual abuse during this childhood. This article was very important to identify because it portrays a very sensitive issue in the contemporary society. The manner in which the presenter questions the old victim of sexual abuse portrays the highest level of ignorance about how a victim of abuse should be handled. This article communicates various ideas that are directly linked to various social and political malpractices that still take place in the society where we live in.  The fact that the interview was conducted through a phone call meant that there were so many people who were listening to the flow of conversation (Mayr 2008).

There are quite a number of institutional practices and procedures that qualified this article to become a news item.One of the practices than has been witnessed from the side of the media is that of John Law who according to the article, was a radio announcer. For any person who was listening to this it was very clear that Law did not really understand how serious the effects of the sexual abuse were on Brian, despite the fact that event happened more than fifty years ago (Sydney Morning Herald, 2015). The questions that were being asked by John proved that he was already judgemental on Brian and they actually insinuated that it was Brian’s fault that he was sexually abused. It is very unfortunate to hear the presenter ask Brian why he could not resist or fight back the perpetrators knowing very well that he was a minor who at that time could not do anything. Brian called the radio station hoping that he could at least get some help in form of counselling but in real sense, contrary to his expectation, the situation become even worse (Sydney Morning Herald, 2015).Another institutional practice that actually enables this article to become newsworthy is directly linked to Brian’s family. Under normal circumstances one of the major roles of the family institution is to provide its members with love, warmth and security. Brian, right from his childhood until his old age today has not experienced any of these from his family or any relationship. He completely knows nothing about family love. As a result, he has lived a very miserable life believing that nobody in this world is worth his trust.

Another institution that gives a very bad picture from the article is the law enforcement urgency. In the interview, Brian confessed that he had reported to the police that he had been sexually assaulted two times but the police never did anything and instead told him to go far away and forget about the case. Unfortunately, the memories of the ordeals are still very fresh in him mind at 80 years of age.  It is the expectation of every member of society that the police should enhance security by arresting law breakers and protecting crime victims (Tschopp, Wells & Barney, 2012). However, for Brian’s case, nothing was done, and the fact that he was a child then did not make any difference. When the police refused to perform their essential duty of providing security particularly to minors who innocently asked for help, it becomes news (Talbot, 2007).

This article served the media’s role of communication despite the controversy created by its content. This information has been encoded to bring to the attention of the reader,the manner in which people can harass victims of abuse either knowingly or unknowingly during interviews (Katju & Markandey, 2011). The case used for this article serves as an eye opener to so many other people whether presenters like John or listeners. Readers of this article would clearly dismiss the impression created and the kinds of questions were asked by John.

SectionTwo

One morning, as was his routine, John Laws was hosting show at the radio station. On this morning, he received an unusual call from one of his listeners who according to the article was named Brian, though not his real name. Brian called the station to make a confession about his childhood predicament where he had been sexually abused as a young boy. Today, Brian is aged 80 years old and he recalls that the event occurred two times in the 1940s, when he was 11 and when he had reached 14. The first instance took place at their home in Goondiwindi and when his family relocated to a different town which he never mentioned, the perpetrator followed him. John seemed so surprised at this turn of events and decided to ask Brian where his parents were all this time. Unfortunately, Brian never informed his parents about all that was happening because he was never loved. To make the situation even worse, Brian never had anybody in the name of friends or relatives that he could trust largely because of the abuse he had experienced and his denial of family love. Today, Brian is completely withdrawn from any relationships with people to an extent that he lives alone.

John made an attempt to cheer him up but it was all in vain. On seeing that John was completely annoyed, he quickly responded by expressing his disappointment on how his time had been wasted in the interview because Brian failed to cheer up even after sharing his story. Brian further expressed his bitterness by saying he did not feel like talking to anybody. He remembered than when he was still a boy, he had reported the matter to the police who never took any action but instead advised him to go away and forget about the case. The police did not refuse to act because they had doubt on Brian’s case but because they just did not want to help him. All this time, as the interview was going on, John was trying to persuade him to come down in a very impolite way. In fact, John kept insisting that the event happened long time ago and it was his choice to forget about it. He even suggested to Brian that he should go to the pub, grab a drink and have as much fun as he can with friends to help him forget about the whole story. However, John Laws has no idea how difficult it is for Brian to forget this event.  Nothing changed and Brian became even more furious. On noticing that he had not managed to help Brian in any way, John advised him to change his negative attitude which was his greatest enemy and that God could only help those people who try to help themselves.

In his comments about the case, the president of Adult Surviving Child Abuse, Dr. Kezelman, said that he was happy because John Laws had expressed some feelings of empathy for Brian but continued to say that it was helpless because his understanding of Brian’s situation was still very poor.

Section Three

This article as a media discourse has basically made use of different language styles to convey the information that was intended.  One such observable style particularly in this for representing the morning show was the use of a radical version of giving out opinions by use of hosts who are very provocative like John Laws. Some of John Laws utterances in this article are very inciting to the members of the public who are listening as well as other fellow radio presenters (Turbide, 2010). It was clear that Brian who was the interviewee was in a serious trouble but even so, John Laws, the shock jock, further worsens the already worse situation by telling Brian, to simply try to help himself because even God only helps those who try to help themselves. This statement is so provoking both to his subject Brian, the listeners at that time and the readers of this article. In fact this style is one that can actually be able to mobilize the opinion of members of the public due to its provocative image (Saba & Jennifer, 2009). Initially, this kind of show was supposed to entertain the readers by the manner in which it attracted people’s opinions but this did not apply with Brian’s case. The style gave a lot of room for freedom of expression and democracy and as a result, it ended up getting criticisms from readers such as Dr. Kezelman(Zou, 2014).

In the article, John Laws constantly blames Brian for his predicament with full knowledge he was just a child then and could therefore not defend himself. Readers therefore are able to notice the use of irony in this article. Nobody could expect a presenter of John Laws caliber to question his interviewee why he could not rise and fight his assailants when he was being abused. His comments and opinions regarding Brian case were definitely out of place for any person who was reading the article. The use of circulation of discourse has also been noted in the article as restatements and propagators have been identified in the article (Turbide, 2009). When various concepts are circulated in an article, it brings about reinterpretations, repetitions, and reformations of various utterances which further bring in to play sociolinguistic and socio-historical factors. In the radio show as documented,  the article records John Law’s repetitive “cheer up” calls to Brian, he has been  quoted telling Brian a number of times to try being happy by going to the pub and enjoy some drinks with friends (Mahesh & Dileepkumar, 2014).Towards the end of the article, the President of Adult Surviving Child also becomes repetitive by insisting that John Laws was not in any way helpful during their conversation with Brian because he could not understand the effects of sexual abuse from the perspective of the victim. He also repeated the statement that he was impressed with the fact that John was somehow empathetic even in his lack of understanding (Mattis, 2009).

In the article the name of the caller, “Brian”, was quoted in the first instance to show that it was not his real name but actually a pseudo name. This style is normally used in quite a number of times in the media to hide the identity of the subjects particularly those who have been involved in abuse or victims of certain crimes. The sensitive nature of the issue discussed in the article does not warrant the revelation of the identity of the victim in question (Downie and Schudson, 2009).

The repeated use of direct speeches in the article has did not change the circulating discourse that emerged throughout the article. The circulation of discourse was rather enhanced because the same socio-linguistic and socio-historical factors still came to play (Awad & Isabel, 2011). A large part of the conversation between John Laws and Brian was documented in form of direct speeches rather than reported. For example, when Brian expresses his disappointed by saying that the experience of abuse had completely turned him off in any relationship and therefore could not trust anyone.  John Laws responds immediately saying that he had only wasted his time performing the interview because it did not make any difference. The use of pejorative charac­terization has actually been repeated quite a number of times as we have seen the way John Laws has belittled his caller and kept on blaming him,  an event that further worsened the situation (Vincent, 2009). Expectedly, pejorative characterization in this article has been manifested in a very injurious waydue to the fact that there has been a conflict between the two parties involved.  The reader will clearly notice that this conflict was brought by the kind of verbal violence that was being perpetuated by the radio host (Peng & Buwei, 2009).

At the beginning of the article, there is a photo of an old man, in a dark room. Below the photo, there is a statement that actually acts as an eye-breaker to the reader of the article. The statement actually reveals that Brian was warned by John Laws to change his attitude. It is clear right from the beginning that indeed John Laws was a hard man considering the manner in which he interviewed Brian. Before anyone begins to read this article, an impression has already been created that there is a victim of sexual abuse who had been harassed during an interview with a radio presenter (Blocher, 2012). This in itself is a factor that creates curiosity to the reader to find out all the details of how it all happened.

This article actually expresses the language of an activist. Right from the beginning he keeps pointing out on the flaws of John Laws for harassing and insulting Brian who was is a distressed situation. The article has been structured in such a way that all the fingers point at the John Laws while much empathy is felt for Brian. At the end of the article, he goes further to seek the opinion of an expert in matters of child abuse. The expert manages to reinforce the point that he was trying to bring home about the savaging of Brian, an old man who still lives with memories of sexual abuse during his childhood.

References

Awad, Isabel. (2011). Latinas/os and the mainstream press: The exclusions of professional diversity. Journalism, 12(5), 515-532.

B P Mahesh, C. G., S, V. M., C, A. R., & Dileepkumar, M. (2014). PRINT MEDIA MANAGEMENT IN INDIA: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY. International Journal of Applied Services Marketing Perspectives, 3(3), 1047-1051.

Blocher, J. (2012).Public Discourse, Expert Knowledge, and the Press. Washington Law Review, 87(2), 409-443. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1027234085?accountid=45049

Code of practices and procedures (SCRIPCODE: 532886). (2015, Apr 03). Accord Fintech Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1669421531?accountid=45049

Downie, and Schudson. (2009). The Reconstruction of American Journalism (New York: GraduateSchool of Journalism, Columbia University).

http://m.smh.com.au/entertainment/tv-and-radio/shock-jock-john-laws-savages-caller-claiming-to-be-sex-abuse-victim-20150320-1m3h5b.html

Kasumba, S. (2013).A new dimension to neo-institutional sociology.African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 4(1), 122-143. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/20400701311303195

Katju, Markandey. (2011). The role the media should be playing in India, The Hindu, November 5: www.thehindu.com

Kirilenko, A., Stepchenkova, S., Romsdahl, R., & Mattis, K. (2012). Computer-assisted analysis of public discourse: A case study of the precautionary principle in the US and UK press. Quality and Quantity, 46(2), 501- 522. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-010-9383-z

Mattis, K. (2009): The adoption of the precautionary principle in environmental policy: Does American media bias undermine public and ecological health and environmental sustainability? Master’s thesis, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND

Mayr, A 2008, “Introduction: power, discourse and institutions” in Language and power: an introduction to institutional discourse, Continuum, London, pp.1-18.

Peng, Buwei. (2009). The development and flaws in American 1thnic media research. World Ethno-National Studies, (3), 29-35.Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1648643282?accountid=45049

Saba, Jennifer. (2009). Specifics on Newspapers from ‘State of News Media’ Report, www.editorandpublisher.com

Talbot, M 2007, “Introduction: media discourse” in Media discourse: representation and interaction, Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.

Tschopp, D., Wells, S., & Barney, D. (2012). The institutional promotion of corporate social responsibility reporting. Journal of Academic and Business Ethics, 5, 1-18. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1011487472?accountid=45049

Turbide (2010),  The circulation of discourse: The case of deprecating remarks on trash radioDiscourse Studies12(6) 785–801 sagepub. co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav

Turbide, O. (2009) ‘Les stratégies de circulation d’une déclaration controversée: l’affaire Parizeau (2003)’, in J.M. Lopez-Munoz et al. (eds) Circulation des discours et liens sociaux: Le discours rapporté comme pratique sociale, pp. 311–26. Québec: Nota Bene.

Veil, S. R., & Husted, R. A. (2012). Best practices as an assessment for crisis communication. Journal of Communication Management, 16(2), 131-145. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13632541211217560

Vincent, D. (2009) ‘Corpus, banques de données, collections d’exemples. Réflexions et expériences’, in S. Bruxelles et al. (eds) Cahiers de Linguistique de Louvain 33(2): 81–96.

Zou, S. (2014). U.S.-based Chinese diasporic media and “social myth”: A comparative critical discourse analysis. Global Media Journal, 7(2), 41-56

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Human dignity Research Assignment Paper

Human dignity
                         Human dignity

Human dignity

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SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

It is agreeable that human dignity needs a new guarantee. This can only be found in a new political principle, in a new law on earth. This view emanates mainly from consideration of the past perspectives and how they have shaped the current world. In view of this, there is need to align the current government relations to the deliberations of ensuring a new guarantee of human dignity. This paper analyses the points related to this view, especially in line with anti-Semitism, imperialism and totalitarianism. There is also a deep analysis of why human dignity needs new guarantee. This is done in line with consideration of the adopted perspectives in the past and the new insights which can guarantee human dignity.

Human dignity needs a new guarantee

In the deliberations of human dignity, there is always involvement of human rights. In consideration of the past inclinations, there has been lack of orientation of human rights to human dignity. Human dignity in inviolable and must be respected at all costs. Without due respect being given to human dignity there can be no success in efforts of ensuring human rights in local and international relationships. It is on the basis of realization of the crucial role of human dignity that human rights are pegged on human dignity. Without aligning human rights to human dignity, there cannot be success in ensuring guarantee of human dignity through human rights.

The universal declaration Human Rights of 1948 can be said to align to the recognition of inherent human dignity and equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family. The statement “members of the human family” is very much significant. This utterance is made in view of the past alienation of some groups of people in the efforts of articulating human rights. This deficit was more so in the informal efforts that were made in the past. It is on the basis of the exclusion of some people in the efforts of ensuring human dignity that the insight of ensuring a guarantee for human dignity is based, (Siegert & WardPp 2141). If human rights are extended in the best way only to some groups of people and the rest (even if the rest are minority) do not get the effects of human rights, then human dignity is not guaranteed. Analysis of the past exercises of powers by governments give insights in to the deficits that were there in terms of ensuring guarantee of human dignity. It is on those bases that efforts are made to ensure that human dignity is guaranteed especially in ensuring that human rights are universal not only in writings and utterances, but also in the real practice. Hence, the protection of human rights as an aspect of human dignity guarantee has become the jurisdiction of every government, (Tulli, pp 577) without efforts to ensure protection of human rights a government would not be trusted by the citizens and there would be no association f the government with the efforts of ensuring guarantee for human dignity.

Analysis of the past

Before the formal declarations of human rights in the efforts to ensure protection of human dignity, there were informal efforts that were made. An analysis of these efforts points to the realization that there were many gaps in which the human dignity was not respected. There have different efforts by governments to ensure that there is loyalty from the followers of the government and that the government assures the loyal followers the protection of their human dignity. However, different models of leadership adopted and the inner efforts display a lack of the right direction in the guarantee of human dignity to the citizens being led.

For instance, anti-Semitism, which here is not taken to mean hatred of Jews had its own loopholes when it comes to guarantee of human dignity. In the outer meaning which entails exclusion of some people who are noted as not being loyal to the stipulated cultures of the nation, there is already an implication of lowering human dignity. This view emanates from the fact that; all efforts should be made to ensure a guarantee of human dignity. When the effort done only orients to an exclusion of the people regarded as not being loyal such that they are punished, there is no implication in guaranteeing human dignity. Since human dignity is an inclusive aspect of human beings, it is essential that efforts are made to ensure that the guarantee encompasses everyone. Even in the different categories of people, efforts should be made to ensure a guarantee for every individual, (Tuckerman, P, Cain, P, Long, B, & Klarkowski, Pp 177). It is on the basis of this idea that there has been collaboration of nations in efforts to ensure articulation of human rights as an aspect of human dignity.

There is need for efforts to be made to ensure that the protection of human dignity is not exclusive for some people. It cannot be pessimistically said that there have not been efforts made to ensure that there is an extension of the guarantee of human dignity in the deliberations of exercising human rights.  The empowering of non elected judges to deal with the issues of human rights presents a country with a noble way of ensuring that human dignity is guaranteed in the efforts of a nation deliberation of human rights (Ahamed pp36). It is noted that such crucial efforts were not adopted in the past eras due to the failure to realize the need to guarantee human dignity. In the wake of enlightenment of the human family, there should be no glimpse of steps back towards such orientation. More efforts should be made to ensure that more steps are taken in empowering the unelected members in the nation to see that there is protection of the human rights in their view as an aspect of human dignity.

When excessive power is endowed to elected members of our societies such that the unelected members have no say, then the steps towards demolition of human dignity instead of its guarantee are made. This view emanates from the realization that; it is the adoption of such aspects that made the human family dwell in the dark times of little human dignity and lack of its guarantee, for instance during the times of imperialism. In the realization of the importance of guaranteeing human dignity, human rights is placed way above the politics of a country. When such efforts are made, it becomes easier for a country to guarantee human dignity. On this note, political right is just one of the rights while the whole human rights aspect encompasses many other rights. It would therefore not be viable to give more priority to politics than to the human rights bill in a country, or any other aspect pertaining human rights in efforts to ensure a guarantee of human dignity, (Ahamed pp36).

The exclusion of some citizens in the exercise of human rights such that it is clear their dignity is not guaranteed can be likened to the anti-Semitism which was experienced by the Jews in the past, (Klug pp 443) on these bases, it cannot be said that anti-Semitism is long time over. Again, on the same bases it cannot be said that this is a wrong analogy. This is because; the Jews are human beings, whom it was realized that it was wrong to exclude them in the exercise of human rights. This statement is on the basis of human dignity as a universal factor. On the same note, there should be no exclusion of any kind of human being in the deliberations of human rights. If such happens under the watch of any given government, then such aspect is not different from the long time exercised anti-Semitism.

Tackling the barriers

There should be efforts to ensure that a government tackles the barriers to provision of human rights and guarantee of human dignity.  To ensure success in such efforts, it is crucial for a government to ensure that all facets of human rights have been given priority. The government ought to ensure that the information that is given from governmental institutions as well as other institutions is based on truth, (Cameron & Godwin pp 203). This view follows the realization of false information given by institutions such as hospitals, and which can greatly undermine the efforts of ensuring human dignity is guaranteed. For instance, due to one’s own inclination, there could be giving out of false information so as to undermine the dignity of the people who have a different lifestyle to that which one has adopted. In the wake of deliberate efforts of ensuring a guarantee of human dignity, there should be much sensitization to ensure that every one puts efforts of ensuring a guarantee of the human dignity. On this note, the effort should not be left to the few elected people. Every person’s contribution towards this effort is of great importance because; just as the human dignity is an inclusive aspect, the efforts of realizing its guarantee are also universal and call for efforts of every human member. There is need for governments to legislate on civil laws that ensure protection of citizens against lies and the implications of the same, (Boreham Pp 3) such efforts would go a long way in ensuring that there is a guarantee of human dignity.

The analysis of imperialism in relation to the need for a new guarantee of human dignity may seem like a farfetched idea, but is an ideal aspect in as far as the efforts of ensuring new guarantee for human dignity are concerned. The efforts of ensuring guarantee of human dignity must be pegged on respect for the right of every human being regardless of their background. If the efforts orient to a particular group of people, then the ailments of imperialism and totalitarianism will not escape the current generation and generations to come. This view emanates from the realization that; if the rights of human beings are not made entirely universal, there cannot be a realization of the guarantee to human dignity, (Dragojlovic, Pp 59). The same effects associated with past ill forms of governance such as imperialism and totalitarianism will still manifest themselves only in different forms. As long as it is human beings ailed by such effects, there cannot be claims of achievement of a guarantee for human dignity. Without a universal approach, and taking the direction of articulating the efforts in new political principles and in new law on earth, there would be no fruits realized.

If the same aspects of imperialism are still exercised in government deliberations, the guarantee of human dignity will not be realized.  When there is exercise of power without respect of the indigenous people, then it is only time that withholds the destruction of the dignity of the people, such as destruction of masses of people, (Lawson, pp 19). This idea is pegged on the realization that; just as imperialism led to loss of life in the long run in the past, if today there is exercise of the same aspects by government, there is bound to be equal or more loss. When there is loss of life due to the failure to articulate human rights in a manner that presents guarantee of human rights, then the extremes have been reached. This kind of destruction cannot be said to belong to the past, as long as enough efforts are not being made to ensure that there is a guarantee of human dignity by all means. Legislation by governments should ensure that no loopholes can allow penetration of such low levels o human dignity, (Boreham Pp 3).

In the efforts to ensure a guarantee of human dignity, there should be a realization of the differences amongst people which must also not be used to segregate people such that some have more dignity bestowed while other do not. This can be likened to the views that were made over Jews that they refused to be ‘men’ (Staudenmaier, pp163). If there is adoption of such sentiments in government, expected to ensure guarantee of the dignity of people, there would be no fruits borne.  The legislation done will orient towards the favored group of people and evil will begin to brew. With time, even the little efforts made in ensuring human rights will be washed away by the gaps allowed to dim those efforts. These kinds of deliberations are associated with stereotyping which is a great evil and set back in the efforts of ensuring human rights as well as a guarantee of human dignity.

Guarantee of human dignity must be precedent by efforts of ensuring restriction of power. The analysis of past leadership ailments that saw inclinations of little or no human dignity are associated with empowering the leaders in an unlimited manner. When the leaders are endowed with power that is not limited such that they control everything without question, then there is bound to be loopholes and human dignity for every one cannot be guaranteed, (Hoover pp 220).  For instance, in the exercise of totalitarianism, there was demand for unquestioning obedience from the members. There was demand for allegiance to the leader even if the leader is unseen and unknown. This may sound very much like a thing of the past, but a closer look in the current dealings can reflect some elements of totalitarianism.  The issue of unquestionable allegiance is a great barrier to guarantee of human dignity. That is why there is and there should be efforts of separating powers in any given government such that one wing is able to correct the other in efforts of ensuring human dignity is guaranteed and especially in stipulating and exercising human rights

In those efforts, it would not be viable to take that which belonged to the past and call it our heritage without deliberating on the consequences. Even in deliberating on the past, caution must be taken because; different times call for different efforts. What might have worked in the past may not work in the modern times. It is viable to learn from the past, but it would be a great mistake to lift up ideas from the past and apply them in current situations without testing the relevance. In the efforts to ensure that we learn from the past and apply the lessons in the present with relevance, there must also be efforts to rectify the mistakes. It is not viable to assume that the bad things of the past will be buried in oblivion as time goes by. In order to live with clear consciences, it would be crucial to ensure that we put efforts to bury the past. This is achievable by ensuring that all elements that are negative have been avoided in the current deliberations to ensure a guarantee of human dignity. It is crucial to note that; the efforts must be inclusive so as to ensure success in guaranteeing human dignity.

Bibliography

Ahamed, F 2013, ‘Does Australia need a constitutional Bill of Rights?’, Middle East Journal of Business, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 35-38.

Boreham, K 2014, ‘The Right To Truth: The Freedom To Speak, To Know And To Be Protected From Lies’, Legaldate, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 2-4.

Cameron, S, & Godwin, J 2014, ‘Barriers to Legal and Human Rights in Australia in the Era of HIV Treatment as Prevention’, AIDS Education & Prevention, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 202-213. Available from: 10.1521/aeap.2014.26.3.202. [3 June 2015].

Dragojlovic, A 2015, ‘Haunted by ‘Miscegenation’: Gender, the White Australia Policy and the Construction of Indisch Family Narratives’, Journal of Intercultural Studies, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 54-70. Available from: 10.1080/07256868.2014.990363. [3 June 2015].

Hoover, J 2013, ‘Rereading the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Plurality and Contestation, Not Consensus’, Journal of Human Rights, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 217-241. Available from: 10.1080/14754835.2013.784663. [3 June 2015].

Klug, B 2014, ‘The limits of analogy: comparing Islamophobia and antisemitism’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 442-459. Available from: 10.1080/0031322X.2014.964498. [3 June 2015].

Lawson, T 2014, ‘A British Genocide in Tasmania’, History Today, vol. 64, no. 7, pp. 18-20.

SIEGERT, RJ, & WARD, T 2010, ‘Dignity, rights and capabilities in clinical rehabilitation’, Disability & Rehabilitation, vol. 32, no. 25, pp. 2138-2146. Available from: 10.3109/09638288.2010.483037. [3 June 2015].

Staudenmaier, P 2012, ‘Hannah Arendt’s analysis of antisemitism in The Origins of Totalitarianism : a critical appraisal’, Patterns of Prejudice, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 154-179. Available from: 10.1080/0031322X.2012.672224. [3 June 2015].

Tuckerman, P, Cain, P, Long, B, & Klarkowski, J 2012, ‘An exploration of trends in open employment in Australia since 1986’, Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 173-183.

Tulli, U 2012, ‘‘Whose rights are human rights?’ The ambiguous emergence of human rights and the demise of Kissingerism’, Cold War History, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 573-593. Available from: 10.1080/14682745.2012.654491. [3 June 2015].

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Responsible Leadership Essay Assignment

Responsible Leadership
                   Responsible Leadership

Responsible Leadership

Order Instructions:

As such I am trusting you with this critical group assignment as part of the Responsible Leadership module of the MBA.

I attach the assignment together with some of the key readings from the list. Many external references are possible for this assignment owing to the highly public nature of the leaders selected.

Below is the agreed group plan with my role clearly identified. It is TASK 1 BELOW 2000 words and using Harvard referencing.

The topic is all about the leadership styles and contrast between celebrity chefs Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsay.

Title How do they maintain their public profile to maximise their breathe of influence. Use Pless and Maak for the definition of responsible leadership.

Responsible Leadership is understood as a

“ …values-based and thorough ethical principles-driven relationship between leaders and stakeholders who are connected through a shared sense of meaning and purpose through which they raise one another to higher levels of motivation and commitment for achieving sustainable values creation and social change.”

Structure Plan:

> 1. Intro and Overview/Context – Industry, organisations, importance followers (ie Ramsay first trained Oliver), Organisational challenges, Identify Stakeholders (different for Oliver and Ramsay), explain what a responsible leader is “definitions” and compare both chefs. (2000 Words – ) We are looking at the businesses developed internationally using TV, advertising, links to supermarkets, image (Oliver family, Sainsburys, school dinners for british schooks, Ramsay fiery the chef’s chef etc etc and contrasting their successes and failures. Why don’t they get on publicly?
>
>
> 2. Critically analyse the leadership challenges for Gordon Ramsay – Style, What he could do differently to engage stakeholders, how close does it fit with Responsible leadership. Hall and Talbot – Power Nye Another team member
>
>
> 3. Critically analyse the leadership challenges for Jamie Oliver -Style, What he could do differently to engage stakeholders, how close does it fit with Responsible leadership. (1500 Words – Lauren)
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> 4. Recommendation on the basis of responsible leadership. Other team member
>
> 5. References (All)

In order to assist the reader with focus I have included the tasks assigned to the other two group members (points 2-4) which should make sense that this assignment sets the context and provides the basis for their focus on each individual chef.

Please confirm that this is understood. You have a writer of high calibre who can deliver by 20th June. Will ask questions if required. Please focus first on the assessment three document and the expectation of gaining an A grade with the marking rubric

Warm Regards

Please find attached the documents to be incorporated into the draft version which has been sent across from the writer.

Please ensure the writer reads the standards at the back of the assessment guide and aims for the A standard.

The focus needs to be on the transformational leadership style and path goal theory with relevant referencing and addressing the questions.

Innovation needs to be built in together with power analysis using Nye. This is an MBA project

Please let me know if you need any further clarifications and the deadline remains as previous

It is very important that if the writer is not clear they tell us early

 

 

 

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

There are various leadership styles that have been researched and expounded on in numerous books and articles by scholars worldwide.  These leadership styles range from traditional leadership style, servant leadership style, charismatic leadership style, dictatorial leadership style, transformational leadership style, authentic leadership style, participatory leadership style and democratic leadership style among others (Beyer, 2010).  Despite all the literature available on these styles, corporate and national leadership has failed to provide solutions to the current challenges facing society. The financial crisis in the late 2000’s pointed to deficiencies in current leadership styles practiced in many corporations. These leadership styles have been unable to control management self interest and greed which is blamed for the various challenges facing society (Pless & Maak, 2011). The collapse of corporate giants such as Enron, Lehman brothers, Arthur Andersen and World com among others has put into the limelight the leadership styles practiced by top managers in organizations. Industry regulators have formulated and passed various laws to try and tame greed and reckless self interest in managerial decision making in corporate entities (Roche, 2010).  One of the regulations that came up was the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Responsible leadership style is a new fad that intends to push managers to be conscious of the impact of their decisions on society and the world around them (Pless & Maak, 2011).  Various challenges that the world faces currently can be blamed on poor leadership styles. Some of these challenges include increasing levels of poverty in the world. The gap between the rich and the poor has continued to widen to a level that the world is viewed as having two tribes namely the filthy rich and the filthy dirt poor. The other challenges that current leadership styles have failed to address include increasing prevalence of manageable diseases which include lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity and cancer among others (Pless & Maak, 2011).  The worlds has also witnessed disasters that are associated with leadership failure in organizations such as the Exxon Valdez spill in Alaska, the Bhopal disaster for Union Carbide, Shell’s Brent Spar and numerous Nigerian failures. These failures led to a debate on social responsibility by corporate entities and it is what has led to the new leadership fad known as responsible leadership. The current problems facing the world either on the corporate scene or in public spheres can be associated with manager’s inability to embrace responsible leadership (Pless & Maak, 2011).

Importance of followers

Great leadership inspires followership from others who are mentored by the leaders. The two celebrity chefs Gordon Ramsey and Jamie Oliver rose to their current status because they were good followers of their mentors in the industry.   Jamie Oliver was mentored by Gennaro Contaldo whom he met while on his first job as a pastry chef at Antonio Carluccio‘s Neal’s Yard restaurant. It can be argued that Jamie Oliver’s rise to fame was due to responsible leadership style that he embraced from the start of his career (Roche, 2010).  At one time Jamie Oliver trained under another celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey.  Celebrity chef Gordon Ramsey was mentored by Guy Savoy whom he met in France.  The two celebrity chefs have had numerous followers whom they have trained and mentored to become responsible leaders in their various fields.   The two celebrity chefs owe their rise to fame to responsible leadership (Pless & Maak, 2011).  The society expects businesses and their leaders to take active roles in fostering responsible behavior within their organizations and also in wider societal spheres.  Responsible leaders are expected to create responsible organizational cultures that create value on societal, economic and environmental fronts.  Celebrity Chef Jamie Oliver Jamie’s School Dinners were inspired by the desire to check the unhealthy eating habits of school children in British schools. This was responsible leadership as it was aimed at solved at solving one of society’s problems that was attributed to unhealthy diets.  Due to unhealthy diets many school going children have developed lifestyle diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer and high blood pressure among others.

Organizational Challenges

Different organizations face different challenges which impede the assimilation of responsible leadership and by extension other leadership styles. One of the major challenges is increased competition. This challenge makes it difficult for an organization to increase its revenues to fund social responsibility programs. Chef Gordon Ramsey first show was to trouble shoot on restaurants that were facing challenges and come up with solutions to turn them around. Some of the restaurants that the two celebrity chefs started or influenced their establishment also collapsed which points to the high failure rate in the industry due to stiff competition. The other challenge is the prevailing culture (Pless & Maak, 2011). In many organizations leaders or managers are viewed with a lot of suspicion. These high levels of mistrust make it impossible to mentor followers well. There is need for organizational leaders to build trust between themselves and their followers. Being authentic is one way of building trust. Leaders are supposed to be transparent in the way they coach their followers. They should not withhold information or make fun of their followers. By being sincere and honest leaders are able to build good followership.  The next challenge is modern technology which is fast changing rendering existing knowledge obsolete. This forces the leaders to keep on training to upgrade their skills. In the hospitality industry, turnover is very high and organizational failure is also high (Pless & Maak, 2011).

Stakeholders for the two celebrity chefs

It is important to note that the success of any leadership style depends on the perception that various stakeholders have on an organization. Each organization has various stakeholders.  In the case of Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsey, stakeholders include bankers who provide various financial solutions in form of debt or equity financing to enable establishment of new restaurants (Thomas, O’Doherty & Felsted, 2010). Without financiers the two celebrity chefs cannot achieve their expansion goals.  The perception that the general public has on their leadership styles and quality of the food served in their existing restaurants has a big impact on the willingness of bankers to provide finance. The other category of stakeholders includes employees. Both celebrity chefs run chains of restaurants which employ several employees (Henderson, 2011). Even though the two celebrity chefs are stars in the show, they need loyal followers in the name of employees to implement their projects and run their restaurants. These must be motivated otherwise the entire venture would simply fail. The next category of stakeholders includes customers. Customers are basically members of public who have been sufficiently persuaded to purchase an organizations products and services. Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsey must provide services and food that meet the needs of their customers otherwise they would be forced out of business. Customers are the ones who keep businesses going. Without adequate customers a business would be unable to meet its breakeven sales and volumes (Macaux, 2012).  The government is another important stakeholder in this case. The government is basically interested on the taxes that the business pays, the number of job opportunities created or to be created and the business compliance standards with statutory policies (Thomas, O’Doherty & Felsted, 2010). The government is a very powerful stakeholder who can push a company out of business very easily. The other stakeholder includes creditors. Jamie Oliver and Gordon Ramsey have various creditors who supply various commodities and offer services to them and their restaurants. This category is very keen to ensure they get what is due to them.  The society in general is also an important stakeholder. The society sanctions and approves the activities of companies. A company that is perceived to be a threat to the general wellbeing of society will most likely be forced out of business (Thomas, O’Doherty & Felsted, 2010).

Responsible leadership and the two celebrity chefs

Responsible leadership is a new leadership paradigm shift that is aimed at solving existing gaps in the current leadership theory and solving challenges that leaders face in their daily activities. As the name suggests, responsible leadership centers firmly on matters to do with responsibility, appropriate moral decision-making, trust and accountability (Pless & Maak, 2011).  In the context of leadership, responsible leadership attempts to identify what the word responsible entails.  Responsible leaders are accountable for the actions they take, are answerable for the decisions they make and are trusted and reliable. Responsible leadership is largely relational.   Responsible leadership is aimed at meeting other people’s needs (Henderson, 2011). Responsible leaders anticipate and address others concerns and identifies what and to whom the leaders are responsible for their actions. Responsible leaders attempt to identify who they are responsible for and what it entails to respond to the concerns that they have. Responsible leadership is an ethical and relational phenomenon that occurs in a social process of interaction with those affected or is affect by leadership and has a stake in the leadership purpose and vision (Henderson, 2011).

The two celebrity chefs can be said to have practiced responsible leadership styles.  In the Naked Chef series in 1999-2000, the title chosen for the Jamie Oliver series, was a reference to the simplicity of Oliver’s recipes and had nothing to do with nudity. Nevertheless, Jamie Oliver expressly stated that he was unhappy with the title series.  In this series Jamie Oliver demonstrated simple recipes that could be assembled by a majority of busy working people. He also distances himself from the nudity title chosen for the show (Stone, Russell & Patterson, 2004). This was ethically and morally upright. This act demonstrated what responsible leadership is all about.  In the following program called Jamie’s Kitchen, the chef attempted to train a group of disadvantaged youths who he promised to employ if they completed the course successfully at Oliver’s new restaurant “Fifteen” in Westland Place, London, N1 (Schneider & George, 2011). This was an attempt to solve a long standing problem of unemployment and also to come to the aid of the disadvantaged in society. This was responsible leadership at its best.  Jamie’s School diner’s program in 2005 in which Jamie Oliver took responsibility of running the kitchen meals in Kidbrooke School, Greenwich for a years was also a demonstration of responsible leadership (Henderson, 2011).  Jamie Oliver had been disgusted by the unhealthy food that was served to school children in British schools and the lack of alternatives on offer.  His campaign to improve the standard of British school meals caught public awareness and the British Government pledged to spend £280m on school to provide dinners to school children for a period of three years. This was a long standing societal problem which had gone unnoticed or had been ignored for years. By Oliver’s initiative a solution was found (Henderson, 2011).

Celebrity coach Gordon Ramsey also practiced responsible leadership style.  In his television series, Gordon Ramsey trained chefs for his restaurants and also empowered other people to start their own restaurants.  One of his television series was to trouble shoot on problems that affected restaurants and design solutions to turn them around (Henderson, 2011). In this way he exhibited responsible leadership as he attempted to solve the challengers facing restaurant owners.  In doing so he demonstrated a regard for others and assisted in solving the problems that they faced.  Responsible leadership builds leader-stakeholder relationships that add value to the parties.       Gordon Ramsey together with Jamie Oliver teamed up to raise awareness about discarding of hundreds of thousands of salt water fish by spending time on a trawler. This show of concern for the environment also showed that the two leaders are responsible. It demonstrates that the leaders are mindful of the environment and are willing to stop activities that harm the environment (Henderson, 2011).

Why the two coaches or leaders do not get along

One of the reasons why          Gordon Ramsey and Jamie Oliver don’t get along is because of differences in leadership style. Gordon Ramsey is known for his perfectionist attitude and short temper unlike Jamie Oliver. This personality attribute makes it impossible for them to get along as each has a different view of doing things. Jamie Oliver has also been noted as pointing out that Gordon Ramsey is jealous of his success (Henderson, 2011). It is of note to point out that Jamie Oliver has a much higher net worth at £240 million while Gordon Ramsey has a net worth of about £67 million. Gordon Ramsey is also known to engage in callous language which Jamie Oliver finds in appropriate. Gordon Ramsey has also accused Jamie Oliver of being more in sales and marketing than in cooking (Henderson, 2011).  Gordon Ramsey views Jamie Oliver as being a bad cook. The last reason why they cannot get along is that chef Gordon Ramsey is focused on being the best chef and making the best food while Jamie Oliver’s main focus is marketing and sales to generate good returns on investment. Jamie Oliver has been able to establish a much bigger empire than Gordon Ramsey. Gordon Ramsey failed in putting the necessary controls which led to his business making an improper loan to his father in-law. Gordon Ramsey also fell out with his father in –law who was in many ways one of his mentors.  Gordon Ramsey is a perfectionist who is concerned with being the best in the industry and has very limited knowledge in managing a business empire (Henderson, 2011).

References

Beyer, P. D. (2010). Authentic leadership in-extremis: A study of combat leadership (Order No. 3398746). Available from ABI/INFORM Complete. (275977077). Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/275977077?accountid=45049

Henderson, J. C. (2011). Celebrity chefs: Expanding empires. British Food Journal, 113(5), 613-624 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00070701111131728

Macaux, W. P. (2012). Generative leadership: Responding to the call for responsibility. The Journal of Management Development,31(5), 449-469. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02621711211226042

Pless, N. M., & Maak, T. (2011). Responsible leadership: Pathways to the future. Journal of Business Ethics, 98, 3-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1114-4

Roche, M. (2010). Learning authentic leadership in new zealand: A learner-centred methodology and evaluation. American Journal of Business Education, 3(3), 71-79. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/195912160?accountid=45049

Schneider, S. K., & George, W. M. (2011). Servant leadership versus transformational leadership in voluntary service organizations. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 32(1), 60-77. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437731111099283

Stone, A. G., Russell, R. F., & Patterson, K. (2004). Transformational versus servent leadership:

A difference in leader focus.Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 25(3), 349-361. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/226919360?accountid=45049

Thomas, D., O’Doherty, J., & Felsted, A. (2010). Retail centre gambles on square mile. FT.Com, Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/760242594?accountid=45049

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Functional Behavior al Assessment (FBA) Paper

Functional Behavior al Assessment
  Functional Behavior al Assessment

Functional Behavior al Assessment (FBA)

Order Instructions:

Focus of the Final Paper
Review the Week 3 assignment,

“Functional Behavioral Assessment Short Paper,” in which you outlined three challenging behaviors (and a possible function for each behavior) commonly observed in young children. Then, explore the purpose and process of behavior management in a paper in which you:

  • Describe the purpose of behavior management in early childhood education settings, including why it is important to think proactively. Integrate the specific challenging behaviors to be detailed in this paper.
  • Discuss three strategies teachers may use to determine the functions of challenging behaviors.
  • Design an individual support plan for each of the challenging behaviors which includes:
    the possible functions of the behavior
    specific positive behavior supports
    replacement behaviors
  • Summarize the role of the teacher in designing and implementing a classroom behavior plan.

Writing the Final Paper

The Final Paper:

Must include a separate title page with the following:

Title of paper

  • Student’s name
  • Course name and number
  • Instructor’s name
  • Date submitted

Must address the topic of the paper with critical thought.

Must use at least three scholarly sources in addition to the course text.

Must document all sources in APA style, as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

Must include a separate reference page, formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

Introduction

Parent works down to earth to ensure that their children exhibit good behaviors. However, this is not easy as it is very difficult to instill good behaviors to young children. Therefore, the following discussion will indulge in discussing the purposes of behavior managing in early childhood education settings. In addition, the paper will address some of the indispensable strategies to be utilized to determine functions of challenging behaviors. Moreover, the discussion will encompass on designing individual support plans address the behaviors. Finally, the paper will summarize by illustrating the roles of the teacher in formulating and making a classroom behavior plan effective.

Discussion

Behavioral Management in classrooms entails a process enacted and implemented by teachers to ensure that young children manage their behavior. When management is effective, there is maximization of student’s learning, as no time is wasted on disturbances and other maladaptive practices (Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan, 2015). Therefore, Miller & Lee (2013), the overall purpose of Behavior Management is to support young children to put on display behaviors that are apposite to their learning. In addition, behavior management has a purpose in training social behaviors, which are not only appropriate for learning, but also for school and home situations (Miller & Lee, 2013). When behavior management is kept constant, it is guaranteed that positive and immediate responses are derived. However, when management is inconsistent, it can be assured that those young children will not be able to stop the bad behavior as expected.

Thinking proactively is given an upper hand to thinking reactively. However, what makes thinking reactively to be commended is that it has the ability to lend a hand to the children to accomplish their own goals that is grounded at the root source of their behavior (Lyod & Kennedy, 2014). Conversely, proactive approaches are quite imperative as they address the misbehavior in a more effectual manner. Notably, proactive thinking is individually oriented towards a particular child’s behavior. For instance, it entails digging out root cause of the behavior such as timid behavior from the child perceptive (Hansen, Wills, & Kamps, 2014). During childhood education, it is very crucial for teachers to make sure that they give the children individualized instructions, giving an insight to where errors in their behavior settles so as for them to understand what proper behavior is. In addition, Lyod & Kennedy (2014), defining what apposite behaviors are and dealing with bad behaviors in a proactive approach at an early age is very important in addressing poor preferences and decision-making capabilities. For instance, a teacher can term aggressive behaviors, fearful behavior, as well as anti-social behavior as inappropriate behaviors. Terming behaviors in such manners promises that a child can start developing skills to distinguish appropriate behaviors form bad ones.

Some of the essential strategies to be utilized to determine functions of challenging behaviors comprise of functional analysis, direct observation, and indirect assessment. On its own, indirect assessment comprises of interviews, record reviews, and questionnaires. Aggressive behaviors of younger children can be evaluated through an interview by identification of the events correlated with the incident and nonoccurrence of the problem behavior (Hansen, Wills, & Kamps, 2014). For instance, teachers who account that a student engages in aggressive behaviors in their respective classrooms may attend the interview to give first-hand information. Record reviews are very important to uncover some of the setting’s experiences, aspects related to life, and academic advantages as well as problems (Miller & Lee, 2013). Checklists and questionnaires are employed to verify the social skills of the child.

However, indirect assessments cannot be effectual if not combined with direct assessments. Direct assessments comprises of duration, the occurrence, latency, as well as the strength of problem behavior (Hansen, Wills, & Kamps, 2014). Functional analysis, on the other hand, is applicable in testing hypothesis by logical exploitation of the events that are thought to make problem behavior happen. Methodically, researchers test an event that is deduced to add to the happening to the problem behavior, while regulating the other possible basis of variance.

Individual Support Plan for the Challenging Behaviors

Timid behavior

This particular behavior makes a student to avoid unpleasant tasks, for instance, working in the classroom’s groups with others that they dislike (Miller & Lee, 2013). The support plan can start by teaching the student to make use of socially acceptable getaway behaviors, for instance, requesting for help. The student can also be given incentives for spending much more time in an undesirable task (Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan, 2015). Other steps in the plan include placing some diversity of demand on the student, specifically when experiencing a frustrating state (Lyod & Kennedy, 2014). In addition, the teacher can use signal retorts as well as making curricular adjustments or instructional amendments to enhance the student’s interest (Miller & Lee, 2013). For instance, the teacher replacing a frustrating assignment with another one, which is more appropriate, can deal with timid behavior.

Aggressive behavior

Aggressive behaviors are most used by children to attract attention from others. Interventions that focus on teaching the child proper methods to attract attention have been commended to be successful in diminishing bad behaviors (Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan, 2015). Role-play is one of the interventions. For instance, the child is taught to declare the right things such as, ‘I am really stuck on this problem’ (Miller & Lee, 2013). In the plan, the student or the child is to be introduced into tolerate for longer as well as to wait for longer durations. The other step in the plan is to ignore the student or the child when he or she seems to continue with the bad behavior (Lyod & Kennedy, 2014). The final step in the individual support plan for children with aggressive behavior is reprimanding. Reprimanding itself is a type of attention, which in years has shown victories in dealing with attention-hunting behavior.

Antisocial behavior

The function of the problem behavior in this case is to avoid forming a relationship with other whether aggressively or timidly. The intervention in this case starts by keeping the student from engaging in the original problem or unsuitable conduct such as verbal warnings (Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan, 2015). The next step in the plan is to teach replacement behaviors such as teaching how to communicate with other. This step is followed by activities that ensure that the child gets enough choices to indulge in the new replacement behavior, for instance, giving her or him incentives (Hansen, Wills, & Kamps, 2014). Notably, step 4 involves providing opportunities for the respective child to be reinforced for the new behavior such as receiving applause from other members and friends.

The roles of the teacher in formulating and making a classroom behavior plan effective include disciplining students with respect as well as dignity. The teacher also has a role of providing positive reinforces. In specific, the teacher has the role of providing the reinforcement, which is timely based to make the reinforcement effectual (Hansen, Wills, & Kamps, 2014). In order to make functional behavioral assessment to be effective, the teacher must fulfill his or her role in enacting and posting classroom and school rules. This is meant to punish wrongdoers (Miller & Lee, 2013). In addition, the teacher has a role in emphasizing that students should address one another in an affirmative and respectful manner (Lyod & Kennedy, 2014). These actions are meant to deter problem behavior such as the aggressive ones. Above all, the teacher has a role in administrating a student’s behavior through clear hopes that are characterized with consistent feedback to the student’s activities (Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan, 2015). This is not forgetting the importance of the establishment of a strong relationship between students. When the formation of interactions is exhibited in a school, certain problem behavior such as timid behavior and antisocial ones are easily dealt with as students can now share ideas among them.

Conclusion

In summary, FBA has been as an effective way to deal with problem behaviors. However, this process can be productive if appropriate strategies are put in place to determine the functions of challenging behavior. After determining the functions, formulation of individual support plan is crucial to assist in replacing each problem behavior. This can only be effectual if teachers’ roles in affecting individual plans are exhibited.

References

Hansen, B., Wills, P., & Kamps, D. (2014). Effects of Aligning Self-management Interventions with Functional Behavioral Assessment. Education & treatment Of Children, 37(3), 393-406.

Losinski, M., Maag, J., Katsiyannis, A., & Ryan, J. (2015). The use of Structural Behavioral          Assessment to Develop interventions for Secondary Students Exhibiting Challenging    Behaviors. Education 7 Treatment of Children, 38(2), 149-174.

Lyod, B. P., & Kennedy, C.H. (2014). Assessment and Treatment of Challenging Behavior for Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities: A Research Review. Journal of Applied   Research in intellectual Disabilities, 27, no. 3: 187-199. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed at 2 June 2015.

Miller, F., & Lee, D. (2013). Do Functional Behavioral Assessments Improve Intervention  Effectiveness for Students Diagnosed with ADHD. A Single-Subject Meta-Analysis. Journal of Behavioral Education, 22(3), 253-282.

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Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

Functional Behavioral Assessment
   Functional Behavioral Assessment

Functional Behavioral Assessment

Order Instructions:

Functional Behavioral Assessment Short Paper

After reviewing the reading for Week 3,

Describe how teachers collect data in order to determine the functions of a behavior.

Analyze the importance of collecting and reviewing data before implementing specific interventions to address challenging behavior.

Discuss three common behaviors a teacher may see in young children and target for modification or replacement. Propose possible functions for each of these common targeted behaviors

SAMPLE ANSWER

Functional Behavioral Assessment (FBA)

Introduction

For over years, teachers have been troubled on the best approach to deal with maladaptive behaviors characterized by many students. Initially, teacher saw that the best method to deal with such behaviors was punishments. However, this approach was futile and resulted to use of a more humanistic approach known as FBA (Functional Behavioral Assessment). Therefore, the following discussion will engage in discussing how teachers collect data in order to determine the functions of behavior. In addition, the paper will address the importance of collecting data in the process stated above before implementing specific interventions of challenging behaviors. Conclusively, the paper will wrap up by illustrating some of the common behaviors a teacher may see in young children and target for modification or replacement, as well as outlining possible functions for each of these common targeted behaviors.

Discussion

Miller & Lee (2013) gives that FBA is the deliberative process utilized to collect data about events that predict and sustain a student’s problem behavior. The teachers can collect data in order to determine the functions of behavior by using interviews and rating scales. On top of that, the teachers can also gather information by applying direct and systematic observation of the student’s behavior (Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan, 2015). More indispensably, the teachers can manipulate or alter different environmental occurrences to observe how behavior changes. The importance of collecting data in the processes stated above before implementing specific interventions of challenging behavior is to determine the interfering behavior. This is the central point in outlining interventions. Miller & Lee (2013) argues that not only does collecting data give insights to what is the interfering problem, but it also gives clues on how long the behavior has been snooping with student’s development and learning. Besides the above two importance, collecting data have a magnitude of illustrating where and when the behavior occurs (Miller & Lee, 2013). This is very decisive, as it will assist the teacher to focus on the interventions on what happens before and after the behavior. At last, collecting data has a massive importance on informing the teacher the related variables that affects the interfering behavior, for instance, family, health status, or medication of the student.

Some of the common behaviors a teacher may see in young children and target for modification or replacement include aggressive behavior, timid behavior, and antisocial and disruptive behavior. According to a research done by Losinski, Maag, Katsiyannis & Ryan (2015),  most teachers observe that children are associated to such behaviors as screaming, pushing, kicking, pinching, as well as disobedience in following instructions. The above aggressive behaviors can be dealt with using planed ignoring. This intervention apply that the teachers ignores when a student engages in bad behavior. However, Miller & Lee (2013), when the student indulges in gratifying behaviors, the teacher should pay attention to him or her. Another possible intervention is that the teacher rewards the good behavior. Rewards can range from gifts, applauses, or privileges to deal with timid behavior. Reinstating class rules can also wipe out bad behaviors. For instance, rule such as “No yelling” can be restated as ‘Speak calmly in a respectfully manner’ and can delete disruptive behavior (Miller & Lee, 2013). In these cases, the student will start doing those actions that make teachers pay attention or reward him or her and discard those that repel teachers away.

Conclusion

In summary, FBA can be a successful process if it is systematic. Collection of data is appropriate to enact a useful intervention to deal with problem behavior. Therefore, determining the different functions of behavior is the ultimate point to design the appropriate intervention.

References

Losinski, M., Maag, J., Katsiyannis, A., & Ryan, J. (2015). The use of Structural Behavioral          Assessment to Develop interventions for Secondary Students Exhibiting Challenging    Behaviors. Education 7 Treatment of Children, 38(2), 149-174.

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