Comparing the US and Canada Healthcare Systems under Current Public Policy Reform Order Instructions: This assignment comes in two section A and B, each section should have a separate references list at the end of that particular section, and secondly, the references should be a minimum of 4 for each section.
Also, note that for section A the will be a power point presentation written from what will be done this week so the writer must pay attention to the instruction on that section. Also, the paper should be written in an expository manner, it should be more concise.
SECTION A (2 pages minimum)
Comparing Health Systems under Current Public Policy Reform
Take note that each section for this assignment must have its own reference list at the end of that section. And each section must have at least 4 references. The entire paper must be in APA.
For your next week assignment, you will create a PowerPoint® presentation to compare the U.S. health system to a system in another country. In the main time for this week, debate, which country compares the best in terms of operations, financing, and outcomes, and tell us why.
SECTION B (2 pages minimum)
Comparing the History of Health Systems and Health Reform
This section must have its own reference list at the end of this section all in APA format and must be at least 4 references minimum.
Compare the history of U.S. health, financial, and system reform from President Roosevelt through the current U.S. President’s administration to the history of health reform in another country.
Comparing the US and Canada Healthcare Systems Resources
Required Reading
Policy and politics in nursing and health care
• Unit 7: “Policy and Politics in the Community” (Chapters 101–104)
Articles
Reader-Friendly Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PL 111-148
< http://www.hhs.gov/healthcare/rights/law > [9/24/2014]
Here is a very reader-friendly website that offers a breakdown of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act PL 111-148
Teladoc
< http://fortune.com/2014/09/24/obamacare-telemedicine-doctors-booming/ > [9/26/2014]
Impact of Hobby Lobby Decision
< http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/hobby-lobbys-troubling-aftermath > [10/1/2014]
Comparing the US and Canada Healthcare Systems Sample Answer
Comparing the U.S. and Canadian Healthcare Systems under Current Public Policy Reform
Whenever there are arguments about health care reform, the Canadian system is frequently chosen as the possible model for the United States. This is because the health care system of the United States is completely different from the Canadian System. Canada features a single-payer, which is mostly the publicly funded system, while the United States features a multi-payer, a greater percentage of which is a private system. Despite these differences, the two countries have been noted to be culturally similar, thus one may adopt the system of the other. Since the United States is not performing as expected, chances are high that it may benefit from the Canadian system. Thus, this section champions the thesis that the Canadian Health System is better than that of the United States.
While comparing the health systems from these two countries, it is clear that the United States has better operations than Canada, a factor that may be attributed to the presence of enough equipment needed for health care. The United States has a better availability to healthcare resources such as those required for cancer screenings (Kuan-Chou & Keh-Wen “Carin”, 2013). This availability ensures that health care operations are not interrupted or stopped due to their absence. Thus, the United States is constantly presenting patients with the health care they need since their operations are always running. This is one reason why cancer screenings have been noted to be much higher for the U. S than in Canada. For instance, 86% of U.S women aged 40 to 69 have already had a mammogram, as compared to a lower value of 73% of Canadian women (Kuan-Chou & Keh-Wen “Carin”, 2013).
When it comes to health care financing, the Canadian system is way better than that of the United States. This is because it provides more care to patients for less. A provision of universal access to health care for all citizens is the case in Canada (Zinszer et al., 2013). The United States, on the other hand, fails to do so like one in every five elderly individuals is left uninsured (Kuan-Chou & Keh-Wen “Carin”, 2013). The U.S is, however, trying to deal with this issue by encouraging insurers to offer to fund even to the new institutions bound to open under the Obamacare (Wieczner, 2014). This would better the chances of individuals getting affordable care online, without worrying about not being insured. Canada is better than the U.S when it comes to funding, also because it spends less of its GDP on healthcare compared to the U.S, and it still manages to show better performance as noted when analyzing health outcomes such as infant mortality rate and life expectancy (Zinszer et al., 2013). Canada allocates 10.4 %, while the U.S allocates 16% to health care (Zinszer et al., 2013).
Health care operations in Canada have been noted to be poor, owing to the fact that they do not have access to sufficient health care resources, as well as enough hospitals for all patients. This is because the country is only dependent on public hospitals as private health care facilities were banned from operating (Zinszer et al., 2013). Thus, when patients go to a hospital to seek treatment for minor medical situations, they are often kept waiting for hours on end. Hence, because of relying solely on public hospitals, most patients feel like their needs are not met since there is a shortage of facilities, and patients are many. Therefore, Canadian operations are poor compared to that of the United States.
Although health outcomes are affected by other factors aside from the health care system, such as substance abuse, it is also possible for the systems to regulate these outcomes. In the U.S., most individuals are suffering from various diseases, which could be avoided in the first place. For example, 33% of U.S. women have Obesity, compared to 19% of them in Canada (Kuan-Chou & Keh-Wen “Carin”, 2013; Mason, Leavitt & Chaffee, 2012). This poor outcome from the U.S health system proves that the country is not doing well to try and control these diseases. This may be attributed to the fact that the system is not considering the community in forming policies affecting their health (Toobin, 2014). It is important to understand and consider the different forms of cultures so as to result with a healthy public policy that will ensure everyone receives treatment without affecting their cultural beliefs.
Comparing the US and Canada Healthcare Systems References
Kuan-Chou, C., & Keh-Wen “Carin”, C. (2013). Using Systems Thinking To Analyze Health Care In The United States: Should We Move To A Government Sponsored Health Care System?. Academy Of Health Care Management Journal, 9(1/2), 3-12.
Policy and Politics in the Community (2012). In D. Mason, J. Leavitt, & M. Chaffee. Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 6th Edition. Elsevier Saunders.
Toobin, J. (2014, September 30). On Hobby Lobby, Ginsburg Was Right. Retrieved October 2, 2014, from The New Yorker: http://www.newyorker.com/news/daily-comment/hobby-lobbys-troubling-aftermath
Wieczner, J. (2014, September 24). Thanks to Obamacare, virtual-reality doctors are booming. Retrieved October 2, 2014, from Fortune: http://fortune.com/2014/09/24/obamacare-telemedicine-doctors-booming/
Zinszer, K., Tamblyn, R., Bates, D. W., & Buckeridge, D. L. (2013). A qualitative study of health information technology in the Canadian public health system. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-7. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-509.
Comparing the History of Health Systems and Health Reform
Canada is similar to the United States as they both have a national health insurance program. This is basically an insurance program run by the government, and it covers the whole population. The Predecessor of President Truman, Franklin D. Roosevelt, never took any initiative to improve the healthcare system of the United States. In the New Deal programs, healthcare accessibility was one of the few issues, which were left out. In a proposal recommended to Congress, Truman was suggesting the implementation of a universal health insurance coverage, which would be administered and funded by the National Health Insurance Board (Carpenter, 2009).
This administration only supported a few health care reform proposals as most of its focus was on the Cold War. The Military Medicare, intended for the provision of military dependents with healthcare services payments, was enacted in 1956. Ever since this time, the Military Medicare program has been reformed by most of the presidents, such that currently, it supports the elderly and not only the military personnel (Compilation Of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act., 2010). A bill that died was the Forand bill that was supposed to provide health insurance for the beneficiaries of the Social Security. In Canada, only a few programs were being declined, contrary to the case in the United States.
The Johnson administration managed to pass the legislation that would establish Medicare and Medicaid programs in 1965. As it was previously enacted, the Social security Amendments during this year ensured health coverage to individuals 65 years and older, as well as to the poor, blind and disabled. The healthcare services covered included hospitals, nursing facilities, physicians, and also the home care providers. This is yet another similarity between the two countries, as they both managed to support health reforms that would eventually lead to the establishment of a program known as Medicare. This, however, is just a name for the program; the difference is that the United States program supports the elderly aged 65 and older. While the other supports the whole population of Canada.
Canada’s health system reform happened during the 1960s and 1970s, but before this time, it featured a similar system to that of the United States. When considering the per capita basis and GDP percentage, it is clear that the United States spends so much more on its health care system than that of Canada. In 2006, per capita expenditures on health care in Canada was recorded at $ 3678, while the U.S used $ 6714 (Duffin, 2011). This difference, however, may be attributed to the fact that Canada has been experiencing financial issues, while the U.S is more stable. Contrary to the situation in the U.S., where healthcare funding was excessive to the point that it as being contested, Canada was facing issues trying to receive enough funds to facilitate the reform of its system. As a result of this, most of the healthcare reforms were focused on improving the financing of the health system of Canada, unlike in the U.S where these reforms were supposed to better the provision of care. For example, the Hospital Insurance and Diagnostic Services Act of 1957, and The 1966 Medical Care Act (Duffin, 2011). Most of these proposals were enacted with the approval of all parties, unlike the case in the U.S whereby most proposals were contested.
Comparing the US and Canada Healthcare Systems References
Carpenter, C. E. (2009). We’ve Been Down This Road Before– Health Reform in the United States. Journal Of Financial Service Professionals, 63(4), 23-26.
Compilation Of Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. (2010). Office of the Legislative Counsel.
Duffin, J. (2011). The Impact of Single-Payer Health Care on Physician Income in Canada, 1850-2005. American Journal Of Public Health, 101(7), 1198-1208. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2010.300093
Jost, T. (2012). Eight Decades of Discouragement: The History of Health Care Cost Containment in the USA. Forum For Health Economics & Policy, 15(3), 53-82. doi:10.1515/fhep-2012-0009
