Esol Research Assignment Paper

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Order Instructions:

1. choose an English Language Learner in your school (or an ELL who may have previously attended your school) and collect the English-Learner Profile information from Figure 1.1 on page 6 about that student in a word-processed document..
Look at attachment to fill out figure 1.1.: I filled out some of it. Just finish the rest.
2. Provide specific examples of some of the factors that impact an ELL’s new language acquisition

PART 2
1. How does the existence of a macroculture and microcultures affect schools in the United States?
2. Describe cultural relativism in your own words.
3. Describe some characteristics of the mainstream culture of the United States.
4. What are the implications of culture on people’ s attitudes toward schooling?
5. Define ethnography and describe two ethnographic techniques.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Esol

Part 1

Factors that affect English Language Learners’ (ELLs) second language acquisition include psychological factors, age, background of the learner, and previous L2 experience. Other factors include socio-emotional factors such as level of anxiety, motivation, self-esteem, attitude towards the educator and the class, and attitude toward L2. The learning style or cognitive style and learning strategies are also key factors. Furthermore, sociocultural factors such as family values, family acculturation and usage of L2 and L1, sociocultural support for L1 within the classroom environment, and institutional support for L1 are also important factors that affect ELLs’ second language acquisition.

Part 2

The existence of a macroculture and microcultures affect schools in America in that a multi-cultural curriculum has to be established that would allow students to learn vital concepts while integrating cultural diversity into everyday lessons and the overall curriculum. Moreover, because of the existence of a macroculture and microcultures in the United States, multicultural curriculum has to be organized around themes or concepts that deal with culture, history, contemporary experiences of ethnic minority groups in American life, contributions of ethnic groups to America’s mainstream culture, as well as expressions like discrimination, immigration, cultural assimilation and acculturation, and protest and resistance (Banks & Banks, 2012).

Cultural relativism is essentially the principle concerned with the practices, values and beliefs of a culture from that culture’s perspective. This principle holds that the activities and beliefs of an individual have to be understood by other people in terms of that person’s own culture. In essence, actions should not be measured by other people’s standards, but rather by the standards of a person’s own unique culture (Terry, 2010). In the United States, the mainstream culture is characterized by a collective set of symbols, ideals, and values which comprise the core culture. The mainstream culture is shared in some measure by all the different ethnic and cultural groups in the country. In this culture, individualism is an ideal.

The implication of culture on people’s attitudes towards schooling is that learners would be able to understand and appreciate dissimilarities and similarities amongst different ethnic groups in the school community. Learners should understand and acknowledge human diversity. Understanding and appreciating human diversity is fostered through direct interpersonal contact as well as through awareness of the culture and history of diverse groups, including their art, music, inventions, myths, stories and values. Ethnography essentially refers to a type of qualitative research that studies an entire culture. The aim of an ethnographic approach is cultural interpretation. The ethnographer goes further than just reporting details and events of experience. In particular, the ethnographer tries to explain the way in which these represent the cultural constructions wherein people live. Two ethnographic techniques include (i) participant observation which is carried out as a part of field research – this is typified by a long-lasting engagement, perhaps months or years, in the location in which the ethnography occurs; and (ii) interviews – the ethnographer asks specific but unstructured, open-ended questions.

References

Banks, J. A., & Banks, C. A. M. (2012). Multicultural Education: Issues and perspectives. Ethnic and racial studies, 17(5): 19-26

Terry, N.P. (2010). Cultural and linguistic diversity: Issues in education. Ethnic and racial studies, 16(2): 80-98

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