Legal Responsibility in Preoperative Care
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http://leo.acu.edu.au/course/view.php?id=16631§ion=7
Hi pleaseclick on link above . And log in with my username and u r required to read each module and assessment task Given at the end and write on it in relation my specialty area which was preoperative. And u need to cite whatever u write with peer reviewed articles or references . Make sure u read all the modules before u start writing assignment .
It’s 1000 words altogether (3 modules )
SAMPLE ANSWER
Module 1: legal responsibility in preoperative care
Personnel in the preoperative settings have numerous responsibilities in relation to the legal and ethical responsibilities. This is because their duty of delivering care is deep seated core within the nursing principles and code of conduct. In this context, the documentation of nursing care is a legal responsibility during preoperative care. This is the only proof they can use in their defense that they are not negligent (Litwack, 2010). The documentation process must meet the established practice of documentation. The records must indicates patients preoperative assessment, care provided by the surgical team, the outcomes and evaluation plan conducted as they are used to indicate the procedures that should be used in primary care settings. One of the most important documentation processes in preoperative care is the informed consent (Lim et al., 2010).
The main element of quality care in preoperative department is the issue of informed consent. The general legal principle of preoperative care is that the healthcare provider must obtain a valid informed consent from their patient, before any treatment intervention is put in place. This principle is put in place to ensure that the patient enjoys the right to their health, and to decide what health care practice that takes place in their body. This right is entitled to every patient including the children, but the laws have specific rules that should be followed for these minors, or patient under critical care (Litwack, 2010).
Additionally, patient have right to confidentiality, unless they have allowed their health condition be shared in the consent form. This implies that the patient have a legal right that must be obeyed by the healthcare providers in the preoperative care, if the patient refuses presence of visitors during this phase. The healthcare providers have a legal responsibility of informing all the patient’s visitors and the contractors that the preoperative environment is a very confidential department, and that it is only chaperoned by the staff members assigned in these departments only. If the visitors are present for any reasons, it must be recorded in the theatre record for referencing purposes (Tilse and Wilson, 2013).
Module 2: Dilemma of providing patient information to carers
Patient privacy is important as it upholds patient’s dignity, which is a core nurse principle and fundamental aspect of care. The physicians are often face challenges as patients health deteriorates, especially when they have to deliver relevant information that can be used at home care. More often, doctors face criticism from family relatives and carers for not giving patients adequate information. This is because it is the physician legal obligation to respect and to protect patient information. Traditionally, patient privacy philosophy argues that patient identify the person who can be informed about their health condition, and including if the information can be shared with the friends or the family (Gold et al., 2009).
This theoretical model, which focuses on patient centered care, is not always the clinical reality. The legal obligations demands that such information should be provided is there is explicit permission. This can create huge debate if a relative who have been at the center of delivering care of patient is denied the patient information. On the contrary, if the patient condition does not permit them to make decisions for themselves due to severe illness or dementia, then the family or carer can be integrated in the decision making process. These two scenarios indicate divergent positions in the communication between the patient’s carers and the physicians. This indicates that the culture of patient centered care in some cases can create tensions in healthcare (Atkinson & Coia, 2012).
In reality, the family members and carers are always concerned about the patient health. This is especially important during transition of care from acute settings to homes. In this context, the patients discharged from the hospital are weak and will rely on caregiver for their daily activity. Research indicates that providing patient information to carer is beneficial because it reduces carer anxiety, improve competency, and improve the coping strategies that will facilitate the decision-making processes. These findings have been supported by one studies conducted in cancer patients. From this perspective, then it is true that the carers work is often unrecognized, and often overlooked due to the way the medical ethics and law protects the patient’s information. These individualistic ethics dominating the healthcare practice could be hindering quality care (Gold et al., 2009).
Therefore, it is important to empower the carer with clear and effective communication about the essentials as they undertake the quasi-nurse role. This is because the patient carer knows the patient best. The carer is the constant support in patient’s life, and over time, the patient builds trust. Research indicates that the carer are encouraged and feel appreciated when integrated in decision making processes, as they become aware of the patients physical and psychological demands than when denied access to patient information (Atkinson & Coia, 2012).
Module 3: Reflection
Patient perspective about illness, disease, dying and death is best explained by the Spoon theory developed by Christine Miserandino. According to her, illness especially those diagnosed with chronic illness such as systemic lupus makes the patient have limited expendable energy. This is because even a small activity makes a patient loose a spoon (energy), which is very difficult to retrieve back. Her perspective about systemic lupus and all chronic illnesses are that patients are weak to even to undertake simple daily activities such as taking birth, walking and feeding. This is similar to the daily incidences that we deal with at the perioperative care. Most of the perioperative patients lack the exact words to explain the way they feel or their worries. This narration has helped me in understands the needs, the struggles and the services needed by the patients, especially those under preoperative care (Wagner et al., 2010).
From this narration, I have learnt that the most affected individuals during illness, dying and death are friends and the close relatives. From the narration, it is evident that healthy people are usually distressed and have unimaginable fear about illness, especially in chronic illness such as lupus. For instance, the narration indicates that the patient friend got confused and may felt helpless during the treatment regimes. However, as indicated in Maggie’s case study of hope in recovery, it is important for the family to understand, and to find ways they can meaningfully participate in their patient’s recovery, and to understand that their acceptance positively impact the response of their loved ones. The family have crucial role especially in hospital settings. They must a way to advocate for quality care for the loved ones (Atkinson & Coia, 2012).
As indicated in Maggie’s story of hope in recovery case study and Christine’s story of the twelve spoons, the healthcare role in managing patients goes beyond offering quality care alone. I have learnt that the healthcare providers have additional role to care giving which includes educators, advocates, and counselors. The healthcare staffs have the responsibility of helping the patients to understand the disease they are suffering from, and to ensure they understand and accept the management of their condition. This activity is important as it builds the gap between the healthcare providers and the patient. Additionally, it offers emotional support that will help the patient cope with the illnesses (Bennet et al., 2010).
References
Atkinson,J.M., & Coia, D.A. (2012). Responsibility to carers — an ethical dilemma. Psychiatric Bulletin 11/1989; 13(11):602-604. DOI: 10.1192/pb.13.11.602
Bennet, A., Coleman, E., Parry, C., Bodenheimer, T., and Chen, E. (2010). Health Coaching for Patients With Chronic Illness. Fam Pract Manag. 2010 Sep-Oct;17(5):24-29.
Gold, M., Philip, J., McIver, S., & Komesaroff, P. A. (2009). Between a rock and a hard place: exploring the conflict between respecting the privacy of patients and informing their carers. Internal Medicine Journal, 39(9), 582-587. doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2009.02020.x
Litwack, K. (2009). Clinical coach for effective perioperative nursing care. F.A. Davis Company. Philadelphia
Lim, J., Bogossian, F., & Ahern, K. (2010). Stress and coping in Australian nurses: a systematic review. International Nursing Review, 57(1), 22-31. doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2009.00765.x
Tilse, C., & Wilson, J. (2013). Recognising and responding to financial abuse in residential aged care. The Journal of Adult Protection, 15(3), 141-152. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/JAP-11-2012-0025
Wagner, G., Lorenz, K.A., Riopelle, D., Steckart, M.J., Rosenfeld, K. (2010). Provider Communication and Patient Understanding of Life-Limiting Illness and Their Relationship to Patient Communication of Treatment Preferences. Journal of pain and symptom management ; 39(3):527-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.07.012
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