North and South on the eve of the Civil War

Compare the societies, politics, and cultures of North and South on the eve of the Civil War. Please address the issue of race in your response.

Nearly 21 million people lived in 23 Northern states. The South claimed just 9 million people — including 3.5 million slaves — in 11 CONFEDERATE STATES. Despite the North’s greater population, however, the South had an army almost equal in size during the first year of the war.

Society of the North – industrial, urban life
• Maine to Iowa

• Black Northerners
− free but not equal (i.e. segregation)
− worked as laborers & servants

• White Northerners
− most lived on farms
− children expected to help with harvesting
− cities next to factories or RR tracks

Society of the South – agrarian, rural life
• Maryland to Florida & west to Texas

• Black Southerners
− small minority free (live separate, wear special
badges) – skilled crafts people or servants
− slaves – cooks, carpenters, blacksmiths, nurse
maids/nannies, MOST field hands

• White Southerners
− measured wealth in terms of land & slaves

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