Situational Analysis
General Project Directions:
This project is designed around the hypothetical situation set out above. It contains three parts: Project 1 Situational Analysis, Project 1: Intervention Analysis, and Project 3 Evaluation. The completed project shows the student how the OD worker would apply the OD process and tools to effectuate change.
Scenario
Pigs R Us is a second generation, family-owned Richmond-based company with about 400 employees. It slaughters, manufactures, and sells pork food products. Pigs R Us (PRU) is a low-tech, hands-on, “bricks and mortar” type of company with solid brand recognition, an impeccable reputation for high quality and ethical standards. The processes used in manufacturing are with the highest ISO 20002 standards, and the plant is maintained immaculately. The personnel are comprised of an older work force (average employee age is late 40s). There is little staff turnover, though lately there have been a diverse group of younger workers joining the company. There has been an impressive record of speedy state and federal new-product approvals, and solid working relationships with their large and small customers.
The company prides itself on the close “southern family,” culture of the business. The company logo features a pig with a smile on its face surrounded by small pictures of some of its oldest serving employees. The organization’s structure is “old-fashioned”. It is hierarchical with rigid management divisions and reporting policies. Research, manufacturing, and sales and marketing operate in traditional fashion, with employees reporting to supervisors or mid-level managers. By the 1990s, sales and distribution grew from Richmond into a regional market, establishing a competitive advantage throughout the US South. Despite downward economic times in the US and the South, the pork business does well. This is due largely to the fact that Pork is one of the cheaper meat products and there is a variety of ways it can be prepared.
Owned by the Morris family for the last 60 years, Pigs R Us is a key player in the Richmond based food industry. Various Morris family members sit on the board of charities throughout the city and it is not unusual to see the name at society events. Further, the Company sponsors its own Little League Team and has built a recreation center and assisted living facility for the elderly, guaranteeing space for all former 20+ year veteran workers of the company for free. So, it was no surprise, that the whole community was devastated when it was announced by the Morris family that Vance Morris the CEO of Pigs R Us was killed while driving back from a Pigs R US board meeting. The plant closed for a week to show respect and to determine how it would function until the family could make its succession decisions.
Vance Morris was the only son of James and Kathleen Morris. Vance took over the business 10 years before when his father had a heart attack and died. Fresh out of graduate school when his father died. He took over the business that he had known well much to the pleasure and keen eye of the workers. Vance made some marketing changes that allowed for the growth of the company and with the help of the employees brought the plant into its current state. Vance had just gotten married the year before to a young Richmond artist he had met at one of his charity benefits. He had no heirs and no plans for succession as he was in his mid-thirties and had just gotten married. While Vance had cousins in the area they were all professional people who knew nothing about business or pork. The workers could only surmise that the company would be sold, but speculation as to whom it might be did not include someone from out of the city.
Before the deal was announced publicly, John’s widow, Arleen, reported to the workers that a Chinese company, Shanghou (SHU), would be buying Pigs R US. Mrs. Morris assured the workers that the SHU promised not to cut workers’ wages and benefits, and to keep the current management team in place. She said that SHU also promised to keep Pork R US headquarters in Richmond. Arleen assured the workers that SHU promised that there would be no changes for the first year and that almost everything would remain the same. From her talks with SHU, Arleen is a bit worried about future changes that SHU may implement.
SHU is a large manufacturer and distributor of food and beverages with, headquarters in Hong Kong. Manufacturing plants operate in mainland China, and the company has additional offices in Europe and Australia. By acquiring the smaller, well-respected Pork R US, SHU aims to diversify and expand its consumer base by including tailor-made pork products globally to meet market projections of a customer upsurge in sustainable, non-beef meats in the next decade. Given SHU’s current availability of telecommunications software and hardware, the deployment of the Pigs R US refrigeration trucks should not be an insurmountable issue.
Many PRU employees, especially the older workers and some of the older managers, are dispirited about the acquisition, and anxious about working for foreigners, downsizing, less face-to-face interaction, language differences, and more electronic systems that are to be put in place. Some of the of the more experienced workers are considering a move or an early retirement due to the ongoing rumors about the acquisition. To make matters worse, recent news media have printed stories about tainted food made by other companies in China. Employees fear loss of product quality and damage to PRU’s reputation as well as the loss of the family southern culture that was their pride and joy.
SHU has told PRU workers that for now, most employees will be retained. However, all employees will be evaluated, and reassigned to teams as the new flat structure is put in place. The new CEO is Harvard-educated Daniel Chinn. He supports increasing the company’s competitive edge by discovering and developing existing individual potential through group collaboration and team synergy. Ever since his days as a brilliant, hard-driving MBA student; he has been known to be an enthusiastic supporter of job training and career growth. Like many of SHU’s employees, David is in his early thirties. He speaks four languages and is ambitious, self-directed, tech-savvy, accustomed to working remotely, and experienced with a culturally diverse staff. David is eager to make his newest acquisition a success. He wants to move forward on the integration of “Pork R US’ workers into SHU because Chinn believes they are the “greatest asset have a rich knowledge base and experience can be tapped into to bring the company success.” Chinn is concerned about the mix of culture and how his ideas of incorporating artificial intelligence and more robotics into the manufacturing processes will be received by management and the workers at the newly acquired plant.
Daniel Chinn is anxious to keep the “southern family” culture of Pigs R Us but at the same time wants to use the most modern of manufacturing techniques. He decided that the best way to do this was to start a pilot change operation in the packaging area to demonstrate to the workers the effectiveness of technology. He bought and set up for use 3D printers in the packaging room. The printers were able to create reusable shipping materials and operate in conjunction with the product conveyor for fast and easy packaging. He brought in two trained 3D printer operators from China to handle the work along with two robots that would move the package material and create shrink-wrapped pallets for loading on to the trucks.
The current packaging department employs 5 workers on day shift and 3 newer workers on the night shift. All the day shift workers are in their early fifties and have been working for Pigs R Us all their lives. John Mellon, the lead line man, exemplifies the group. He is 53 years old. He has a family of three children most all are grown. One works in the business with him as the manager of accounting department having gotten a college degree unlike his father. John rarely travels out of state and has never been abroad. He is not terribly familiar with technology. He has a Smart TV but his children have set it up for him to use Netflix.
When the new employees arrived, the packaging staff tried to get to know them but had little in common and found it hard to communicate with them. The new workers ate together at lunch and always with food they brought with them despite offers of food brought in by the older employees to show their “southern roots”. Things are strained between the groups because the older employees thought they were being snubbed and many are uncertain as to the customs and language unable to communicate their real feelings. This all operated to create a schism among the workers which escalated into job performance and employment commitment issues when the six-month results from the 3D/Robot pilot showed the following success in favor of new technology.
Measurable Factors Day Shift Standard 3D Printing
Cost 5.56 5.01
Time 2.36 2.69
Quality Control Problem Ratio (per 500 units) 1 8.75
Training Time (per hour) 30 25
Shipping Problems/Damage (per 10,000 units) 1 0.4
Production Problems (per 10,000 units) 0.2 0.4
Total Number of Pieces Produced per year 375,000 525,000
Measurable Factors Night Shift Standard 3D Printing
Cost 5.56 4.98
Time 2.36 2.27
Quality Control Problem Ratio (per 500 units) 1 5.75
Training Time (per hour) 30 25
Shipping Problems/Damage (per 10,000 units) 1 0.35
Production Problems (per 10,000 units) 0.2 0.23.5
Total Number of Pieces Produced per year 375,000 645,000
The results showed such a marked process improvement with the added benefit of creating materials that were sustainable. The immediate reaction among the older workers was fear for their jobs. The new workers suddenly were the enemy. Chinn was pleased with the new process and indicated that the 3D printing approach would be continued. The word of the decision spread among the families in the company and the “southern family” culture was now closing ranks on the newcomers both in the packaging room and in the other departments thus confirming their fears when news of the buyout surfaced.
Phase One: Draft Situational Analysis
Purpose:
The purpose of this project is for the student to use a real-life situation to apply the theories and concepts used to identify and solve organizational development problems. The student will be asked to create a full report for CEO David Chin on the challenges resulting from the changes in the packaging department of Pigs R Us a recent acquisition of Pinyin foods. They will do this in three stages: the situational, intervention and evaluation analysis. The report will be comprised of a composition of all three phases of the project in the form of a PowerPoint presentation with accompanying voice over talking points.
This phase of the project students will examine OD theory and tools used to conduct an organization and needs analysis.
Outcomes:
• Identification of OD theories and concepts.
• Application of OD theories and concepts.
• Understanding of how application of OD principles will enhance a manager’s ability to encourage organizational effectiveness
• Identify the skills and tools a manager can use to encourage sound OD design within an organization.
• Enhance communication skills using new technology and writing.
Instructions:
Using the case scenario and company profile located in the content area of week three create an 10-12 slide PowerPoint outlining your organizational and needs analysis as well as recommendations for diagnosing the situation that now faces the company. Be sure to include the following concepts for discussion:
• Organizational SWOT analysis
• Identification of OD challenges represented in the case scenario
• Recommend at least two approaches of diagnosis (one qualitative, one quantitative) used in OD explaining your choices and expected outcomes.
Required Slides:
• Create a slide which Introduces the SWOT analysis
• Create a slide that shows the SWOT results in table form.
• Create a slide(s) that Illustrates, with the case study facts and class material, the conclusions and the reasons for their selection.
• Create a slide that describes the current state of the company as supported by the SWOT and its relevance to the scenario.
• Create a slide which identifies the OD challenges in the case.
• Create a slide that recommends and describes the quantitative approach for diagnosing the situation at Pinyin Foods.
• Create a slide that recommends and describes the qualitative approach selection for diagnosing the situation at Pinyin Foods.
• Create a slide that examines the reasons behind the selection of the quantitative approach and outcomes expected from application of this approach to the situation at Pinyin Foods.
• Create a slide that examines the reasons behind the selection of the qualitative approach and outcomes expected from application of this approach to the situation at Pinyin Foods.
• Create a slide for any additional approach you wish to discuss using the same format as the required slide discussion.
• Create a slide that summarizes the situational analysis including your approach(s) and diagnosis of the situation.
Use the following link to learn how to create a PowerPoint: How to Create a Voice Over PowerPoint for Dummies
Step #1
Preparation for Writing the Slides, Notes and Talking Points
Before you begin writing the paper, you will read the following requirements that will help you meet all requirements.
• Third person writing is required. Third person means that there are no words such as “I, me, my, we, or us” (first person writing), nor is there use of “you or your” (second person writing). If uncertain how to write in the third person, view this link: http://www.quickanddirtytips.com/education/grammar/first-second-and-third-person.
• Contractions are not used in business writing, so you are expected NOT to use contractions in writing this assignment.
• You are expected to paraphrase and NOT use direct quotes.
• You are expected to paraphrase, which can be learned by reviewing this link: https://writing.wisc.edu/Handbook/QPA_paraphrase2.html.
• You may not use books as source material.
• All in-text citations should provide the page number or paragraph number.
• Read the grading rubric for the assignment.
• Use the grading rubric while writing the paper to ensure all requirements are met that will lead to the highest possible grade.
Step #2
How to Set Up the PowerPoint
• The PowerPoint cannot exceed 12 slides.
• The presentation should be professional in appearance. Consider using graphics to help illustrate your point. The SWOT table is an example that is required but you may also use other graphics.
• The slides should contain short complete sentences highlighting the main point that will be discussed in detail in the audio talking points.
• In the notes for every slide of the entire PowerPoint presentation place reference lists for those cited within the slide. Nothing else is required.
• Be sure to use in-text citations in the slides.
• Slides should flow in terms of organized ideas and presentation should follow the directions.
Step #3
Review the PowerPoint
• Read the PowerPoint to ensure all required elements are present.
• Use the grading rubric to ensure that you gain the most points possible for this assignment.
• Proofread the paper for spelling and grammatical issues, and third person writing.
• Read the paper aloud as a first measure.
• Use the spell and grammar check in Word as a second measure.
• Have someone who has excellent English skills to proof the paper.
• Consider submitting the PowerPoint to the Effective Writing Center (EWC). The EWC will provide 4-6 areas that may need improvement.
Step #4
Creating the Audio Talking Points
• The talking points should be 3-4 pages in length exclusive of the reference page.
• The talking points should elaborate on the slides and explain in detail their import.
• The talking points should be grammatically correct and double spaced.
• The talking points is to contain in-text citations that match those in the slide.
• The talking points also contain in-text citations for all discussion especially for those points of explanation that are not referenced in the slides themselves.
• The talking points are meant to represent everything the points made in the voice over presentation of the PowerPoint.
• The talking points should flow in the same organization and pattern as the slides and be clearly and concisely worded.
• The talking points should have a reference page that includes the slide references where appropriate as well as the additional references unique to the discussion.
Step #5
Submit the paper in the Assignment Folder (The assignment submitted to the Assignment Folder will be considered a student’s final product and therefore ready for grading by the instructor. It is incumbent upon the student to verify the assignment is the correct submission. No exceptions will be considered by the instructor.). Remember the pledge regarding academic dishonesty; do not let lack of time tempt you to take risky short cuts.
NOTE: All submitted work is to be your original work. You may not use any work from another student, the Internet or an online clearinghouse. You are expected to understand the Academic Dishonesty and Plagiarism Policy, and know that it is your responsibility to learn about instructor and general academic expectations with regard to proper citation of sources as specified in the APA Publication Manual, 6th Ed. (Students are held accountable for in-text citations and an associated reference list only).
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