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Health Care Ethics Essay Paper Assignment

Health Care Ethics

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Need only Australian references.
Please follow the file attached below “Unpacking the essay”
If essay guidelines are not followed you will be getting the essay back for redoing Thanks

SAMPLE ANSWER

Health Care Ethics

Patients have the right to decide what treatments and medications they would consent to or reject (Learder, 2015). It is an ethical requirement that clinicians offer their clients an opportunity to decide on their health. Instruments such as the advance care directives are there to promote the autonomy of patients (Craig, 2012). People have the right to plan for the future of their health, and they would exercise it by outlining their wishes and expectations when they are still healthy. This paper focuses on the ethical aspect of granting patient their wishes. The paper will consider the perspective of a registered nurse and that of a physician. Both professionals play significantly in safeguarding the health of their clients (Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare (ACSQHC) 2010). The essay will begin by describing the features of a legal consent and why it is necessary to respect choices that patients make. The writer will then evaluate the appropriateness of paternalism in making medical decisions. The paper will also describe the roles of healthcare practitioners in upholding patient autonomy and pursuing their (patients’) wishes. The paper will end by discussing the Australian healthcare system and the legal and professional guideline that direct practitioners. By the end of the paper, the writer hopes to demonstrate a thorough understanding of the application of ethics in healthcare setups.

The basics of a legal consent include allowing patients with competent mental capacity a chance to decide on what should be done regarding their health (Eagle, & Ryan, 2014, Pg. 353). The provision is imperative that patients may have their preferred type of care regardless of the preferences of other parties including healthcare practitioners. For instance, if mentally-abled patients choose not to undergo a surgical process, other people would not overrule the decision and have them undertake the procedure. That would be regardless of how helpful the procedure could have been. Legal consent may not be a priority in emergency situations, especially when patients are unable to express their wish. The advanced care directive is an example of legal tools applied in promotion the promotion of healthcare that is centered to the patient and based on the rights and autonomy (Scholl, Zill, Härter, & Dirmaier, 2014). The form applies to adults, and it entails writing down one’s wishes, values, and directions regarding their health (The Government of South Australia, 2015). Concepts addressed in the form include future hospital and residential care, accommodation, as well as decisions and their making. People can also appoint their preferred persons to make decisions on their behalf in times when they are unable to do so due to disease. The directive applies any time that one’s decision-making is impaired as a result of disease. For its legal validity, the directive must bear the sign of the patient and a witness who is to affirm that the subject made the directions at their will and that nobody compelled them to do so (Department of Health and Aging, 2014). The understanding of mental impairment includes situations when patients are unable to understand what they are told even with the help of interpreters (Townsend, & Luck, 2012). The concept also entails the inability of patients to comprehend the consequences of receiving or not receiving care. Occasions when patients cannot communicate their choices also entail an impairment of decision-making. The complete assessment of decision-making could be performed through tools such as Darzin’s capacity assessment (Department of Health and Aging, 2014).

Respecting patient’s autonomy is an ethical provision that sustains healthy interactions between healthcare practitioners and their clients. Ethical conduct requires clinicians to educate their patients on available options but allow them to make their decisions freely. The practice protects patients from procedures they may consider unfit for them hence promoting their satisfaction. The approach also ensures that clinicians pay attention to the understanding of patients concerning health. Patients can use their understanding of health to decide on how they would wish to live. Therefore, respecting patient choices would be an important aspect of shaping the lives of the clients. The move is also important during the provision of cultural diverse and competent care. Different cultures may have varied perceptions on health issues and patient may require upholding their beliefs. Promoting autonomy and respecting the choices that patients reduces chances of conflict between one’s culture and their maintenance of health. Patients are responsible for their health, and autonomy gives them to manage it as they wish.

Under some circumstances, clinicians may not have to respect patient choices. In most cases, patients would have to give satisfactory explanations to the decisions they make. Nursing practice entails promoting the wellbeing of patients, and decisions that may not lead to the objective could be overruled. For example, patients may opt not to take medications on such explanations as the medicines are not to their taste. Nurses would try to compel and push such patients to go against their wish. In so doing, the practitioners would still be promoting the wellbeing of the patients without necessarily respecting patient autonomy and choices. Nurses may also have to overlook patient choices if such patients opt to engage in practices that would impair treatment procedures. For instance, the practitioners may restrict patients from taking certain foods that could impair treatment irrespective of how much patients would be yearning for them. Practices such as alcoholism would also attract special attention and declination of patient autonomy. Alcoholics may insist on drinking while still undertaking treatment. If alcohol would impair such treatment, nurses would most reasonably overlook patients’ choices and apply paternalism. Physicians and pharmacists would also take the same approach regarding such situations. However, the professionals may uphold patient autonomy and explore alternative strategies such as changing medication regiments to ones that patient preferences would not alter. Though the selected alternatives may not be as effective as the firstling choices, the practitioners would have achieved from the perspectives of respecting autonomy and that of treating the patient.

Paternalism entails making decisions on behalf of other people for their own good. The literal meaning of paternalism is assuming a fatherly role and controlling systems for other people as a father would do to his family. In healthcare setup, paternalism would entail having the government, hospitals, clinicians, or other persons’ wishes prevail over those of the patients. Usually, paternalism goes against autonomy as patient choices may not be regarded in decision-making. There are various reasons when parties may need to apply paternalism. The government could for instance regulate people’s healthcare choices so that they meet certain financial considerations (Wilson, 2013). Governments may also apply paternalism when controlling health behaviours of their citizens. For instance, they could control the consumption of certain foods and practices such as smoking and alcohol use (Thomas & Buckmaster, 2010). Clinicians often apply paternalism when prescribing drugs to their clients. Often, prescribers indicate drugs to patient based on their (prescribers’) own reasoning. The practice often involves an assumption that prescribers are informed about all factors necessary for consideration during treatment. Though the paternalism is unavoidable in most such situations, it may not always give the correct implication. For instance, clinicians would tend to assume that patients would not afford unfunded drugs and prescribe cheaper regiments without necessarily consulting their patients. The practice may not be justified as patients would need to know that better medications are available and make their own decisions regarding whether they would cater for their associated financial spending (Dare, Findlay, Browett, Amies, & Anderson, 2010). Paternalism may be necessary under certain circumstances in the clinical setup. For instance, practitioners may apply the move when patients do understand neither the benefits nor the consequences of the available approaches. In such situations, clinicians would choose the best approach for their clients and administer treatment. Such an approach would apply to nursing and other healthcare professionals such as physicians and pharmacists. The presence of an ACD would minimise the necessity for paternalism. Clinicians would, for instance, consult the beneficiaries included in the ACD for their decisions regarding care for the patients of interest. The persons whom the patient prefers to make decisions on their behalf are most likely to do the will of the patient.

Professional ethics and codes of conduct direct clinical practitioners to facilitate the making of informed choices by patients (Consumers Health Forum of Australia, 2013). Various frameworks guide the process of making ethical decisions in nursing. Most of the frameworks are international while others are unique to Australia. In nursing, such guidelines include the nurses’ code of conduct, the code of ethics, professional boundaries, and competency standards. The code of ethics requires nurses to focus on human rights when delivering their services (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2013a). So as to avoid conflicts regarding treatment practices for patients among the involved parties, clinicians should purpose to apply the provision of services included in the wishes of the patient s indicated in their ACDs. The code of professional practice entails maximisation of patient safety by requiring nurses to observe the law and meet create a reputable image to the community (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2013b) Practices such as the use of life support machines, resuscitation, euthanasia, and organ donation would only be appropriate if the patient does not reject them in the ACD (Ebrahimi, 2012). Patients’ preferences would significantly influence the nature of care that nurses would offer. For instance, the practitioners would have to look for alternative methods of care if patients are against practices such as the use of life support machines and resuscitations. Physicians would also encounter the same and they would have to recommend care that does not contradict the preferences of their patients (Mendelson, n.d).

Conclusion

Ethical standards are crucial considerations in health care practices. Patients are entitled to care that values their beliefs and that which addresses their concerns. There are legal and ethical frameworks guiding nurses, physicians, and other clinicians on how to administer care that meets the ethical expectations of patients. Codes of conduct, professional ethics, and legislative guidelines in Australia ensure that clinicians do not overlook the wishes and concerns of their patients. Ethical conduct of clinical practitioners has tremendous influence on patient satisfaction and it would have significant impact on outcomes. It is always ethical to let the patient’s decisions concerning their health prevail over those of other parties. The role of clinicians would mostly be informing patients so that they can make choices from the information they get. Paternalism denies patient control over their lives. Though the aim of the practice is to offer the best to subjects, it may not always generate the best results. Before resolving to apply paternalism, clinicians should seek other approaches such as the ACD. Such mechanism would reduce the chances of legal and ethical questionings, and they would also facilitate settlement of disputes among interested groups such as patients’ families and the clinical team (Lawrence, Willmott, Milligan, Winch, White & Parker, 2012, Pg. 404). Nurses, physicians, pharmacists, and other clinicians encounter different situations that would require critical decision-making to determine the appropriate approaches to adopt. During such conflicting situations, clinical professionals should refer to ethical, professional, and legal frameworks (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2013c; Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, 2014). Clinicians should ensure that they give satisfactory care to patients by paying attention to the concerns, beliefs, and values that their clients express (Oliveira, Refshauge, Ferreira, Pinto, Beckenkamp, Filho, & Ferreira, 2012). So as to have the necessary understanding of such factors, clinicians would have to establish interactive relationships with their subjects. Not only would healthy interactions yield desirable outcomes, but they would also enhance patient safety and minimise legal conflicts.

References

Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare (ACSQHC) (2010) Australian Safety and Quality Framework for Health Care. Retrieved from http://www.safetyandquality.gov.au/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/Australian-SandQ-Framework1.pdf

Consumers Health Forum of Australia. (2013). Informed consent in health care. https://www.chf.org.au/pdfs/chf/Informed-Consent-Issues-Paper.pdf

Craig, E. (2012). The ethics of involuntary psychiatric treatment. University of Western Australia. Retrieved from https://repository.uwa.edu.au/R/-?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34175&local_base=GEN01-INS01

Dare, T., Findlay, M., Browett, P., Amies, K., & Anderson, S. (2010). Paternalism in practice: informing patients about expensive unsubsidized drugs. Journal of Medical Ethics, 36(5), 260-264.

Department of Health and Aging, Government of South Australia. (2014). Advanced Care Directive Fact Sheet. Retrieved from http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/045059804459d8048921ab76d172935c/ACD+Fact+Sheet+PC+20140613.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=045059804459d8048921ab76d172935c

Eagle, K. & Ryan, J. (2014). Potentially incapable patients objecting to treatment doctors’ powers and duties. Medical Journal of Australia, 200(6), 352-354

Ebrahimi, N. (2012). Ethics of euthanasia. Australian Medical Student Journal, 3(1).

Lawrence, S., Willmott, L., Milligan, E., Winch, S., White B., & Parker, M. (2012). Autonomy versus futility? Barriers to good clinical practice in end-of-life care: a Queensland case. Medical Journal of Australia, 196(6), 404-405.

Leader, S. (2015). Complicating consent. Medical Journal of Australia. Retrieved from https://www.mja.com.au/insight/2015/16/stephen-leeder-complicating-consent

Mendelson, D. (n.d). Legal and ethical ramifications of withdrawal of life support systems from incompetent patients. School of Law, Deakin University. Retrieved from http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/conferences/medicine/mendleson.pdf

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2013a). Code of ethics for nurses in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD10%2f1352&dbid=AP&chksum=GTNolhwLC8InBn7hiEFeag%3d%3d

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2013b). code of professional conduct for nurses in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD10%2f1353&dbid=AP&chksum=Ac7KxRPDt289C5Bx%2ff4q3Q%3d%3d

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2013c). National competency standards for the registered nurse. Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD10%2f1342&dbid=AP&chksum=N5ws04xdBlZijTTSdKnSTQ%3d%3d

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2014). Nurse practitioners standards for practice. Retrieved from http://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/documents/default.aspx?record=WD13%2f12248&dbid=AP&chksum=F8%2bT8IAwM%2b3Z%2fPacPxiVnA%3d%3d

Oliveira, V. C., Refshauge, K. M., Ferreira, M. L., Pinto, R. S., Beckenkamp, P. R., Filho, R. F. & Ferreira, P. H. (2012). Communication that values patient autonomy is associated with satisfaction with care: a systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 58(4), 215-229

Scholl, I., Zill, J. M., Härter, M., & Dirmaier, J. (2014). An Integrative Model of Patient-Centeredness – A Systematic Review and Concept Analysis. PLoS ONE, 9(9), e107828. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107828

The Government of South Australia. (2015). Advanced Care Directive. Retrieved from http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/Public+Content/SA+Health+Internet/Clinical+resources/Advance+care+directive

Thomas, M. & Buckmaster, L. (2010, December 15). Paternalism in social policy when is it justifiable? Parliament of Australia. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1011/11rp08

Townsend, R. & Luck, M. (2012). Protective jurisdiction, patient autonomy, and paramedics challenge of applying the NSW Mental Health Act. Australian Journal of Paramedicine, 7(4).

Wilson, T. (2013, December 12). Paternalism an unhealthy threat to freedom. The Australian. Retrieved from http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/opinion/paternalism-an-unhealthy-threat-to-freedom/story-e6frgd0x-1226781030925

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Ethical Decision Making Assignment

Ethical Decision Making

Order Instructions:

Choose a positive example from the past ten years of a business organization whose leaders acted ethically when they encountered an ethical dilemma. Select, analyze, and describe the ethical decision making and actions in the organization.
Submit a 4-page (not including cover page or references) analysis of the ethical situation.

Your analysis must include the following:
An explanation of the ethical framework applied by the organization to make its decision, including support for your analysis from scholarly research
An examination of both the positive and negative consequences of the decision, including the trade offs that the leadership of the organization made in making their decision
A minimum of five references

SAMPLE ANSWER

Ethical Decision Making

People are commonly required to make decisions every day within the business environment. It is important to follow an ethical framework or model whenever one makes these decisions. Business organizations utilize business ethics as a tool for ensuring that the company’s top officials act in a responsible fashion in different business situations (Woiceshyn, 2011). Ethical decisions could involve a number of determinations. Every decision has a moral or ethical dimension primarily because every decision has an effect on other people. Business leaders and managers should know about their own moral and ethical beliefs so that they may draw on them every time they are faced with tough decisions (Jackson, Wood & Zboja, 2013). Ethical leadership and decision making are the foundation of various concepts such as sustainability, corporate social responsibility, ethical companies, the triple bottom line, and fair-trade. In this paper, a positive example from the last decade of a company whose senior executives acted in an ethical fashion when they faced an ethical dilemma is identified and described exhaustively.

Launch of a defective product at Apple

Anthony Soohoo was one of the leaders at Apple working as a product manager on the company’s PowerBook team. At one point in time in 2010, Apple’s PowerBook team was preparing to introduce a new product. It is worth mentioning that as part of testing this new product before launching it into the marketplace, the company leaders discovered that an extremely small sample size was actually defective and which can potentially be injurious to the end-users (Giang, 2014). As the product manager, Anthony Soohoo was under a lot of pressure to decide on whether to delay introducing the novel product into the marketplace. In essence, there were good arguments that supported to hold off launching the product and arguments that supported launching the defective product without any delays. A product is considered defective if there were flaws in the product’s manufacturing or design, inferior or poor quality materials were used to make it, production did not conform to safety standards, there is unforeseen misuse of the product, or there was product contamination or tampering (Hoyt & Price, 2015). In the case of Apple, the product was defective as it had flaws in design and manufacturing and safety standards had not been complied with.

Consequence of bringing the flawed product to the market

Apple has good reputation for making and selling high quality products. Introducing the defective products in the marketplace could have greatly affected customer confidence in Apple’s brand and this would certainly have impacted negatively on Apple’s business. In addition, bringing flawed, poor quality products to the market could have impacted the emotional engagement of consumers. It could also have impacted long-term loyalty of consumers to Apple’s brand (Hoyt & Price, 2015). It is notable that the negative impact of bringing defective products to the marketplace would result in a major reputation crisis for Apple which might spread throughout different markets where Apple is active and have a considerable impact to the business.

Furthermore, bringing a defective product into the marketplace is an action which is in fact unethical that could cause Apple to lose a lot of brand value. Launching new defective products knowingly is an action that would have amounted to deliberately doing something wrong. The damage to Apple’s brand equity, penalty that Apple could have suffered, and future efforts required to win back customer trust if Apple had launched the defective products into the market would have been costly and significant (Jackson, Wood & Zboja, 2013). The product manager also knew that the lasting impact risk is high. Anthony Soohoo said that if the defective products were more than they thought and if the product flaws were actually bigger than they believed were, then many customers of Apple could have significantly lost trust with Apple.

Consequence of holding off the launch of flawed product

The new products which had defects were very few. Generally, there was a small sample size of the flawed products; the sample size was actually not statistically significant. Furthermore, Apple had spent a considerable amount of money in developing those products and delaying the launch would hurt the company fiscally. Put simply, holding off the shipment would result in the loss of millions of US Dollars (Giang, 2014). On the whole, products which are defective pose a hazard to both the property and health of consumers. Delaying the launch of flawed products until they are corrected helps in mitigating these dangers and reducing the fiscal burden of deaths or injuries that are linked to their consumption (Elm & Radin, 2012).

Ultimate decision reached by Apple’s product manager

Eventually, the decision which the product manager arrived at was to hold off the introduction of the new product until the fault was rectified. At long last, the product manager reasoned that it required taking a lasting perspective and it appeared more sensible and rational to hold off the new product launch. Placing himself in the shoes of Apple’s clients, Anthony Soohoo thought that the decision he arrived at that meant delaying the new product launch was what the customers would have expected the company to do. Even though this was not a popular decision then, it was in fact the right decision for Apple (Giang, 2014).

As the product manager for Apple did, doing it rightly the first time and making the correct decision from an ethical standpoint was actually far less costly. Winning back consumer trust would not have been easy if the defective products had been introduced. All in all, the lesson learned from this ethical dilemma is that a manager should trust his or her gut to do what is right for the company’s clients. When a tough decision has to be made in an ethical dilemma, the manager has to make that decision basing upon what will create lasting value for the company rather than achieving the short-term win (Giang, 2014). Apple is commonly part of discussions on business strategy, customer experience and great brands. The leaders at Apple strongly believe that sticking to a set of values and doing things the right way is of great importance. Great reputable brands in most instances become great given that the products and/or services which are behind those particular brands are great.

Conclusion

To sum up, this paper has analyzed how product manager at Apple in the year 2010 was faced with an ethical dilemma and made the right decision from the moral standpoint. He had to decide whether or not to bring new Apple products that had defects to the marketplace. The consequences of introducing the defective products include considerable damage to Apple’s brand equity, huge financial penalty that Apple could have suffered, and significant future efforts required to win back customer trust. Conversely, the consequence of delaying the launch is that there would be loss of millions of US Dollars. Eventually, he chose not to introduce those faulty products to the market.

References

Elm, D., & Radin, T. (2012). Ethical Decision Making: Special or No Different? Journal of Business Ethics, 107(3): 313-329. EBSCOhost

Giang, V. (2014). 7 business leaders share how they solved the biggest moral dilemmas of their careers. FastCompany. Retrieved from http://www.fastcompany.com/3046630/lessons-learned/7-business-leaders-share-how-they-solved-the-biggest-moral-dilemmas-of-their

Hoyt, C., & Price, T. (2015). Ethical Decision Making and Leadership: Merging Social Role and Self-Construal Perspectives. Journal of Business Ethics, 126(4): 531-539. EBSCOhost

Jackson, R., Wood, C., & Zboja, J. (2013). The Dissolution of Ethical Decision–Making in Organizations: A Comprehensive Review and Model. Journal of Business Ethics, 116(2): 233-250. EBSCOhost

Woiceshyn, J. (2011). A Model for Ethical Decision Making in Business: Reasoning, Intuition, and Rational Moral Principles. Journal of Business Ethics, 104(3):311-323. EBSCOhost

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Cancer and breaking the bad news Ethics

Cancer and breaking the bad news

Order Instructions:

Please follow the instructions carefully…. they are in bold and underlined…… please use APA referencing and required turntin report thanks….. also required 1500 words

SAMPLE ANSWER

Table of Contents

Introduction……………………………………………………………………………… Page- 3

Critical Thinking and Analysis………………………………………………………….Page 4-7

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………….………..Page- 8

References………………………………………………………………..……………. Page 9-10

(i) Introduction

Communication between healthcare professionals and patients is often critical in that the latter could react unexpectedly to the information they get (Konstantis, & Exiara, 2015, Pg. 35). As such, healthcare practitioners should evaluate the beneficence and maleficence of their approaches before making decisions (Punjani, 2013). Clinicians need honoring the trust accorded to them by their clients and ensure that they do not harm rather than encourage them (Reinke, Shannon, Engelberg, Young, & Curtis, 2010, Pg. 982). However, some situations present dilemmas, especially when information is not friendly to the patient. Clinicians have to consider ethical principles of practice and still ensure that they act within the relevant laws.

(ii)Critical Thinking and Analysis:

The Australian code of ethics for nurses specifies ethical standards that practitioners should meet in their duties. Among the highlighted requirements are the recognition and appreciation of the diversity of people (Waubra Foundation, 2015). In the case scenario, Mrs. Y’s daughters explained their beliefs to the surgeon and warned against the hospital informing their mother about her poor prognosis. The physician’s consideration of the proposal was an expression of understanding of the diversity of people. Again, the code requires nurses to manage information in an ethical manner and to take caution regarding possible undesirable outcomes (Waubra Foundation, 2015). Therefore, it was necessary to communicate to Mrs. Y cautiously. Though Mrs. Y was entitled to know her health status, the manner in which she got the information would have determined her reactions both emotionally and physiologically. The code of ethics requires that nurses promote patient wellness and avoid actions that would hinder recovery (Waubra Foundation, 2015). It was important for the doctor to consult Mrs. Y’s family members to understand how negative information would impact the health status of the patient. As revealed in the case scenario, cancer was intimidating, and the patient was more likely to find it inconceivable and horrifying rather than understand the condition. On such basis, the doctor’s and daughters’ act of concealing the health status of Mrs. Y was justifiable.

On the other hand, the code requires nurses to grant patients an opportunity to make informed decisions concerning their lives and well-being. Concealing the information compromises the appropriateness of decisions that Mrs. Y would make concerning her life. It was necessary that she participate actively in making decisions that concerned the management and treatment of her disease (Gracia C., Gracia J., & Chen, 2010, Pg. 195). Also, she had the right to know the outcomes she was to expect about her wellness.

From a moral perspective, Mrs. Y’s daughters and the doctor should have told the truth but take an optimistic approach (Reinke et al., 2010, Pg. 982). On such considerations, the parties would not disclose everything to the patient nor would they lie. However minimal Mrs. Y’s survival chances could be, nurses should not imply that they are pessimistic about her recovery. Though nurses would be negative about the outcomes of the patient, it would be morally questionable for them to tell the patient that she was likely to succumb to the ailment. Practitioners should express empathy and compassion in their interactions with their patients (Russell & Ward, 2011, Pg. 193). Telling patients that they are dying is questionable from a moral perspective. So as to avoid discouraging the patient, the doctor was morally justified to withhold information concerning the health of Mrs. Y. It was a wise act for the daughters to fear the reactions of their parents and inform the surgeon concerning the issue. The daughters were morally right in that they sought to protect their parents by ensuring that they would receive the breaking news only when they were prepared for it (Narayanan, Bista, & Koshy, 2010, Pg. 61). Their communication with the doctor was for the betterment of the situation, and it did not bear an immoral motivation. Their concerns were an expression of their love and care for their parents.

On the other hand, it was morally questionable for Mrs. Y’s daughters and the physician to exploit Mrs. Y’s failure to understand English as an opportunity to discuss her health status without her knowledge. The parties were obliged to help Mrs. Y overcome the challenge of the language barrier and let her understand her situation. The patient trusted her daughters as facilitators of communication. By discussing her and suggesting that she should not be told that she had cancer, Mrs. Y’s daughters were betraying their mother’s trust. The daughters also betrayed the trust of their family when they requested that the information be concealed to their father as well. Also, the daughters assumed that their parents would not make appropriate decisions upon their learning of Mrs. Y having bladder cancer, an occurrence she had feared for long. The assumption prompted them to overlook the contributions of the patient and her husband hence limiting her autonomy. The doctor also failed to meet his moral role of interacting openly with the patient (King, & Hoppe, 2013, Pg. 385). The surgeon gave in to pressure exerted by Mrs. Y’s daughters and failed to meet the moral obligation of being available to the patient. The patient had a right to connect directly to her physician and express her wishes as well as seek the doctor’s assurance. It was also incorrect for the surgeon to assume that Mrs. Y’s daughters would deliver accurate information to their family regarding the critical issue. It was possible that the daughters would conceal necessary information to the patient. Again, it was not a guarantee that the two daughters would inform the rest of the family in the safest manner. The surgeon had the moral duty to protect the patient from potential harm by letting her know her condition in the most appropriate way. Trusting the patient’s daughters was a risky move by the physician.

Clinicians employ fundamental ethical principles in ensuring that they practice what is right while refraining from what is wrong (Scholl, Zill, Härter, & Dirmaier, 2014). It is such principles that guide practitioners in making decisions that are ethically and morally defensible. In the case scenario, the physician applied such principles when determining whether or not to inform Mrs. Y about her health status. The surgeon felt it ethically acceptable to withhold critical information considering the understanding that the patient’s daughters offered. The clinician considered various values and balanced them in the ultimate decision made. Both the physician and Mrs. Y’s daughters utilized fundamental ethical principles when they avoided lying and purposed to give information that would not cause severity in the health of the patient. One of the most conspicuously applied fundamental principles was beneficence. The parties evaluated the benefits of informing the patient against the associated disadvantages (Punjani, 2013). They also applied non-maleficence by ensuring that their move would not harm the patient regardless of whether it was beneficial or not.

However, the physician and the patient’s daughters failed to respect Mrs. Y’s autonomy when they decided to handle the patient’s condition without engaging her (Entwistle, Carter, Cribb, & McCaffery, 2010, Pg. 741). They ought to have offered full information and given the patient an opportunity to make informed choices.

With the advancement in healthcare, there is increased application of the law and clinicians would be sued in situations where their conduct hurts their clients. The law required that the physician protect the patient by offering her necessary information that would benefit her when making decisions (Scholl et al., 2014). Also, the law required that the clinician consider the concerns of the members of the patient’s family. The surgeon acted within the law by consulting the family and making reasonable considerations of their culture. Also, the physician expressed cultural competence by paying attention to the customs and beliefs explained by the patient’s daughters (Kodjo, 2009, Pg. 57). Considering the cultural background, acknowledging it, and orienting patient care in such a way that it incorporated the expected concepts was an expression of cultural competence by the physician (Kodjo, 2009, Pg. 57). Mrs. Y would learn her disease in a manner that was acceptable in her culture.

(iii)Conclusion

Mrs. Y’s daughters’ and physician’s decision to withhold diagnostic information to the patient and her husband was justifiable. The move was to facilitate the well-being of the patient, and it was not under ill motivations. Their decision paid attention to culture, and it was ethically and morally appropriate. Though the decision was questionable considering the rights and autonomy of the patient, its benefits outweighed its limitations. Also, the decision was defensible from a legal perspective as it had the ultimate intention of protecting the patient rather than harming her. In conclusion, the nurse assigned to Mrs. Y should concur with the surgeon and conceal the poor prognosis concerning the patient. The nurse’s response should be optimistic, and it should not cause an adverse impact on the patient.

References

Entwistle, V. A., Carter, S. M., Cribb, A., & McCaffery, K. (2010). Supporting Patient Autonomy: The Importance of Clinician-patient Relationships. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25(7), 741–745. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-010-1292-2

Gracia, C. R., Gracia, J. J. E., & Chen, S. (2010). Ethical Dilemmas in Oncofertility: An Exploration of Three Clinical Scenarios. Cancer Treatment and Research, 156, 195–208. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6518-9_15

King, A., & Hoppe, R. B. (2013). “Best Practice” for Patient-Centered Communication: A Narrative Review. Journal of Graduate Medical Education, 5(3), 385–393. http://doi.org/10.4300/JGME-D-13-00072.1

Kodjo, C. (2009). Cultural competence in clinician communication. Pediatrics in Review / American Academy of Pediatrics, 30(2), 57–64. http://doi.org/10.1542/pir.30-2-57

Konstantis, A., & Exiara, T. (2015). Breaking Bad News in Cancer Patients. Indian Journal of Palliative Care, 21(1), 35–38. http://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1075.150172

Narayanan, V., Bista, B., & Koshy, C. (2010). Breaks: protocol for breaking bad news. Indian J Palliat Care, 16(2), 61-65.

Punjani, N. S. (2013) Truth Telling to Terminally Ill Patients: To Tell or not to Tell. J Clin Res Bioeth, 4(159). doi: 10.4172/2155-9627.1000159

Reinke, L. F., Shannon, S. E., Engelberg, R. A., Young, J. P., & Curtis, J. R. (2010). Supporting hope and prognostic information: nurses’ perspectives on their role when patients have life-limiting prognoses. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 39(6), 982–992. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2009.11.315

Russell, B. J., & Ward, A. M. (2011). Deciding what information is necessary: do patients with advanced cancer want to know all the details? Cancer Management and Research, 3, 191–199. http://doi.org/10.2147/CMR.S12998

Waubra Foundation. (2015). Code of ethics for nurses in Australia. Retrieved from http://waubrafoundation.org.au/resources/code-ethics-for-nurses-australia/

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EVANGELISM VISION RESEARCH PAPER

EVANGELISM VISION

Order Instructions:

EVANGELISM VISION PAPER INSTRUCTIONS
After thoroughly working through the six-week study, Worship and Witness, you will develop a paper centered on the vision and challenge of what God is doing in your life in the area of evangelism. Based upon the various stories provided in the book, as well as other books read in the course, and in light of class discussions and presentations, consider how you might utilize all that you have learned. In your paper, address the following:
1. What have you learned this semester about evangelism as it relates to your Christian walk that has changed your perception and challenged your thinking?
2. As we know from Scripture, where there is not a vision, the people will perish.With this in mind, what is your personal vision as it relates to integrating evangelism into every part of your life in the days to come? What are some specific changes you will need to make in order to fulfill your vision? How might this eventually affect your family in the future? How will you relate in your community—that is, where you live, work, and play? How will adopting the role of a servant impact your future ministry in evangelism? How will you also become more verbal and bold in your witness?
3. Finally, how do you envision your future ministry and calling as it relates to evangelism and multiplication, involvement in church planting as a pastor or support role, developing true disciples who passionately desire to multiply their witness? In other words, where does true biblical evangelism fit into your future ministry as a pastor, youth minister, church planter, counselor, chaplain, church member, etc.? Please include specific and immediate plans for implementation into your daily life.

This report should be 8 pages in addition to a title page and a references page, double-spaced in 12-point Times New Roman font, and in current Turabian style and format.

This report is going to county as your FINAL EXAM GRADE. PLEASE, DO NOT PLAGIARIZE.

This report is due on FRIDAY BY 9AM est time.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

Proclaiming the Gospel of truth through the gift of the Holy Spirit is a call that is increasingly losing its centrality in the 21st century Church today. Several evangelists and church leaders have resorted to a comforting gospel that preaches the prospects of prosperity and wealth generation in the Church of Christ, a factor that has made evangelism a lost art. The Church views evangelism as a tool that spurs the growth in numbers for financial benefits forgetting that this is the fuel that ignites the engine of God and restored the spiritual growth and vitality of the body of Christ.[1]

The act of winning the lost and making them Disciples of Christ through an approach of training and equipment is a job that requires the combined effort of the body of Christ. The Church today relies only on the pastors to carry out this duty since the Church has stopped witnessing to the lost souls. It is against this background that[2] I critically synthesize what I have learned through the semester in regards to evangelism in my personal Christian walk that as changed my perception and challenged me to take the front in reaching out to the community.

What I have learned this Semester

In reality, I have always had a perception that the lost are susceptible to seek the saving knowledge of Christ. However, I have come to the full realization that the lost must be convicted and not forced in their hearts that they are perishing in their sins in order to receive salvation.[3] Preaching the gospel of repentance has not been fashionable, a factor that explains the reason it is diminishing since we believe that it turns the hearts of sinners and scares them more from God. [4]

Because of this fear of upsetting the sinners who also turn out to the big tithers, we have at times embarked on a gospel that offers comfort and hope to sinners on achieving material gains in the event they accept Christ. This factor has filled the Church with millions of lost sheep who are not willing to submit to the authority of Christ. However, I have discovered through the content of the course that a targeted strategy to evangelize the world does not conform to the things of the world to win the world, rather it entail an approach that discerns the needs of individuals within a society with the power of the Holy Spirit that the Apostle Paul professed when he mentioned;

That he has been made all things to all the men that He would by all means and power vested through Him save some.

(I Cor.9:22 NIV).[5]

During the period of my study, I discovered the truth that the perception of the Church on evangelism is far much different from what the word of God states. The Church today has a different perception on the mission of God. The Church holds that mission is a tool that grows the Church in numbers by bringing more people and transforming them through helping them through social actions. This according to the Church is the way to usher people to the Kingdom of Heaven.[6] This allusion opened my eye to take a different approach in evangelism that also needed a change in my personal experience in proclaiming the gospel, a fact that has been changed by taking this course.

I used to wonder what draws people to the gospel message of Jesus Christ and provide hope to the hurting and hopeless world. I have observed many individuals struggle with the concept of evangelism and in many instances I felt confused. However, there was zeal deep within me to talk with others on matters faith, [7] however I never understood the mechanics. I feared the adverse experiences that were recorded in the scriptures of those who attempted to evangelize the world and the consequences of a questioning generation today.

This fact left me unprepared to share the gospel of Jesus Christ considering the fear of either being rejected or labeled. However, I have learned that I am a vehicle that would change the lives and hope of the community through the promulgation of the gospel of Jesus Christ through the power of the Holy Spirit.[8] The process of evangelism, therefore, begins with me as an individual reaching others, preaching to them the gospel of repentance and introducing them to the saving knowledge of Christ. This does not end here, but I am obliged to teach and equip them ready for the harvest field.

My Personal Vision in Integrating Evangelism in my Life

First and foremost it is essential to determine that my Christian life is a witness of what Christ did on the cross for me, a factor that clearly portrays the truth that I should evangelize about Christ from the way I live my life, which speaks volumes to people.[9] This remains my personal vision in integrating evangelism in my life. My integration of evangelism into every part of my life is one that will revolve around a transformed perception and view of evangelism.

As the message in the book of Acts states; move out, in my vision is the gospel of Christ that will move outward and disciple believers into moving out and reaching the lost soul since the Kingdom of Heaven is also moving outward. In my vision, I have a developed approach that aims at encouraging Christians to break even from their mechanical and unyielding strategies of sharing the gospel of faith.[10] Through my studies, I have developed a series of methods that are Bible based in revealing the falsified vices and perceptions that tenet the hearts of people and present Christ as the only one to turn to in life. I also plan to integrate the proponents of evangelism in the counseling ministry in order to achieve the great commission as provided by Christ.

Modifications I Need To Execute In Order To Achieve My Vision

In order to achieve my vision, it is important to develop practicable steps in my personal life and ministry that can be measured in light of the scriptures. It is essential to ascertain that it will be difficult to achieve my vision without an entirely transformed life that has learnt to die to sin and live for Christ. This clearly implies that I will change my ways and live a life that is wholly reliant on God and matches what I proclaim.[11] I have also amplified an approach that will change the discipleship program within our Church to be one that trains, equips and sends disciples into the harvest field to reach out to the lost with the Gospel of repentance.

I will ensure that the disciples under my authority are deeply rooted in the word of God and mature enough to encounter the challenges that they may encounter in the harvest field. It is also necessary to note that the disciples need to be filled with the power of the Holy Spirit, who is the Lord of the harvest field and who would guide them in reaching out to the lost souls. I will, therefore, ensure that a change in the Church dogmas that have no place for the Holy Spirit is changed.[12] Dedicating time for devotions and prayers that remain an element that revitalizes believers will be another area that I will change to achieve my vision.

Integrating other ministries in evangelism would be another factor that needs change. I have learned through the semester on the essence of worship which acts as one of the strongest pillars in evangelism, a factor that would spur the achievement of my vision. I will additionally lead by example in reaching out to the lost and changing the perception of the Church on leaving this work to the pastor.

Changes and their Impact on My Family In Future

Change is an important element that would transform the lives of my family members through the power of the Holy Spirit. I believe that these changes will also apply to my family who will in turn grow into God-fearing, individuals. As the pastor in my family, I believe these changes will foster a transformed perception in the life of my family members in following me as I follow Christ, a factor that will impact my ministry immensely. I will raise a family that participates in missions and engage in evangelistic activities in the community.

My Relationship with the Community

I have determined that one of the most efficient tools of evangelism before an individual reaches out to the community is the kind of life I live. Many community members are not pleased with the preachers who proclaim the drinking of water and, on the other hand, drink wine. I believe that my character and attitude in relating to the members of my community will be one of the important tools in meeting their spiritual needs.

I, therefore, intend to live an open life that does not judge the community I live in, but that supports the community by pointing them to God. I will not conform to the patterns of my community with the aim of winning them for Christ, but I will embrace Paul’s word in I Cor.9:22 NIV [13]in showing them the truth. It is, therefore, my obligation to be a steward that leads the community by example, a factor that will foster a good relationship.

I have also come to learn that many times the community we live in has been immensely criticized by many evangelists on various cultural traditions that do not match with the scriptures. I believe that culture transcends from the Scriptures way back from the Tower of Babylon when God scattered the nation of Israel.[14] In fostering a good relationship with my community, I will embrace the positive elements of our culture such as the manner in which our community worship and integrate them into activities within the Church and other religious functions.

In addition to this, I will take the example of Christ who came to serve and assimilate those roles of a servant leader in serving my community. I believe this factor will impact my future ministry.[15] To become more verbal and efficient in witnessing, I will give myself the privilege of carrying out door-to-door evangelisms within the community to different people with different cultural and religious backgrounds, a factor that will instill courage in witnessing. I will also hold small crusades within the community to proclaim the gospel of Christ.

Future Ministry in relation to Evangelism

In my future evangelistic ministry, I intend to follow my calling as an evangelist in propelling the word of God to the community. I believe that this calling will play a crucial role in reaching more souls in God’s vineyard and teaching them as commended in the Great Commission in Mathew 28; 16-20. My central focus in service will be that of reaching out to the lost souls through evangelistic meetings and missions and nurturing these souls into the commands of God.

As Paul states in Ephesians 4; 11,[16] Christ has given grace to each and every one of us in the form of spiritual gifts that would function in HIS Church. The dispenser of gifts therefore has given some of us the gift of being apostles, prophets, pastors, evangelists and teachers. As an evangelist, Christ has bestowed in me the power through the Holy Spirit to preach his word instantly in and out of the season, reproving, rebuking, exhorting with all the longsuffering and doctrine.[17] This clearly determines my function as a preacher of the word of God and a reviver of the Church of Christ through Gods Spirit. This role with therefore enable me to share the word of God through evangelism and undertake approaches of raising followers of Christ. I will therefore engage in the planning of mission activities and evangelistic outreaches in the community in order to achieve this goal.

In order to effectively reach out to the lost souls and multiply them as part of the witnessing community entails a process that needs the leading of the Spirit of God. I will embark on the leading of the Spirit of God in carrying out mission activities in different cultures to win souls for Christ. [18]This approach will also see the Church planting arm also brought on board to plant Churches in areas that we have reached and disciple new converts to be mature Christians who will continue the cycle of missions.

As an evangelist, I believe I will be empowered by Gods Spirit in meeting the functions of evangelism as described in God’s word. I have the drive that pushes me to make disciples of people that has been spurred in my life since my salvation by the Holy Spirit. I have grown as a witness of Christ since my salvation and I have never stopped yearning for souls.[19] Many of the Church leaders in our congregation have passed through my discipleship process and have matured to take up leadership roles and to carry out evangelistic activities in the Church.

Conclusion

As said, knowledge is only efficient when it transforms and when applied in the normal life, I can attest to the fact that this semester’s content has made an impact in my life and ministry immensely.[20] I have not gained only head knowledge, but knowledge that will revolutionize the body of Christ and send the Church out to reach the vineyard of God. My perception in evangelism has immensely been changed, a factor that has already had a drastic turn in my ministry. I believe that several souls will come into the Kingdom of Christ from this time henceforth.

References

“Evangelism Today: New Ways for Authentic Discipleship.”International Review Of Mission 103, no. 1 (April 2014): 129-134. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

Aleinik, Volha. 2014. “Evangelism as Authentic Discipleship.”International Review Of Mission 103, no. 1: 116-120.Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

Hewitt, R. R. (2014). Evangelism as Discipleship. International Review Of Mission, 103(2), 200-214. doi:10.1111/irom.12057

Koukoura, Dimitra. 2014. “Evangelism in ‘ Christian’ Societies.”International Review Of Mission 103, no. 2: 275-286.Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

Ma, Wonsuk. “Today’s Global Context of Evangelism and Its Challenges and Opportunities.” International Review of Mission 103, no. 1 (April 2014): 93-102. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

Onyinah, Opoku. “New Ways of Doing Evangelism.” International Review Of Mission 103, no. 1 (April 2014): 121-128. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

Johnson, Noor. “‘Healing the Land’ in the Canadian Arctic: Evangelism, Knowledge, and Environmental Change.” Journal for The Study Of Religion, Nature & Culture 6, no. 3 (September 2012): 300-318. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

Währisch-Oblau, Claudia. 2014. “Evangelism and Popular Culture.”International Review Of Mission 103, no. 2: 215-226.Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

West, Richard C., and Dan Noel. 2013. “Situational Discipleship: The five-fold ministry roles of Ephesians 4:11 and their relationship to the Situational Leadership model.” Feature Edition 2013, no. 4: 96-116. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed August 18, 2015).

[1] . “Evangelism Today: New Ways for Authentic Discipleship.”International Review of Mission 103, no. 1 (April 2014): 129-134. Academic Search Premier

[2] . Ibid. 1

[3] . Ibid .2

[4] . Ibid. 3

[5] . Ibid. 5

[6] . Aleinik, Volha. 2014. “Evangelism as Authentic Discipleship.”International Review of Mission 103, no. 1: 116-120.Academic Search Premier.

[7] . Ibid. 6

[8] . Ibid. 7

[9] . Hewitt, R. R. (2014). Evangelism as Discipleship. International Review Of Mission, 103(2), 200-214. doi:10.1111/irom.12057

[10] . Ibid. 10

[11] . Ibid. 11

[12] . Koukoura, Dimitra. 2014. “Evangelism in ‘ Christian’ Societies.”International Review Of Mission 103, no. 2: 275-286.Academic Search Premier

[13] . Ma, Wonsuk. “Today’s Global Context of Evangelism and Its Challenges and Opportunities.” International Review of Mission 103, no. 1 (April 2014): 93-102. Academic Search Premier,

[14] . Onyinah, Opoku. “New Ways of Doing Evangelism.” International Review Of Mission 103, no. 1 (April 2014): 121-128.

[15] . Ibid. 12

[16]. West, Richard C., and Dan Noel. 2013. “Situational Discipleship: The five-fold ministry roles of Ephesians 4:11 and their relationship to the Situational Leadership model.” Feature Edition 2013, no. 4: 96-116.

[17] . Ibid. 13

[18] . Johnson, Noor. “‘Healing the Land’ in the Canadian Arctic: Evangelism, Knowledge, and Environmental Change.” Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature & Culture 6, no. 3 (September 2012): 300-318.

[19] . Ibid. 14

[20] . Währisch-Oblau, Claudia. 2014. “Evangelism and Popular Culture.”International Review Of Mission 103, no. 2: 215-226.

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Aristotle Ethical Philosophies Essay Paper

Aristotle

In contrast to ethical philosophies that focus on moral obligations, pleasure, or utility, Aristotle’s ethics centers on his unique understanding of the good life, which aims at happiness or “flourishing” (eudaimonia) by means of the habitual cultivation of virtue (areté).

For this assignment, please write a short paper that examines the role of virtue in the good life by carefully comparing Aristotle’s account, given in Books 1-3 of his Nicomachean Ethics (Marino, 43
-84) with another text that describes moral virtue.
N.T. Wright, “What Am I Here For?” (Blackboard). N.T. Wright is a New Testament scholar who has written numerous books on Jesus Christ, the Apostle Paul, and the early church. This essay is from his recent book After You Believe: Why Christian Faith Matters (2012). He notes that while Christian ministers, pastors, and priests often focus on getting people to believe in Christianity, or to join the church, they are rarely able to describe how life is supposed to be different after someone believes. To address this challenge, he considers the moral teaching of the New Testament according to the category of “character,” which he believes to be synonymous with “virtue.”

Writing Instructions

This essay requires careful reading of Aristotle’s text, which is complex and often difficult to summarize. In order to make sense of Aristotle’s views, it will be important to show the connection between his main ideas, such as: happiness/flourishing (eudaimonia), virtue, habit, and the doctrine of the mean or
intermediate. This summary of Aristotle is a central part of your paper, and you should strive to write it concisely and accurately.

In writing about your comparison text, your essay should clearly explain how it relates to Aristotle’s conception of ethics. In developing this section, you
may want to consider the following questions:

What insights does this text provide for ethics?
How does this text compare to Aristotle’s understanding of virtue?
Does this text largely agree with Aristotle and so provide additional support for his ideas, or does it offer a criticism or an opposing position?

Suggestions for Writing a Successful Paper:

You should compose your paper as if writing for a general audience, made up of persons who are intelligent but unfamiliar with the authors or texts you are discussing.

Your introductory paragraph should clearly communicate both the topic and the thesis of your essay. The function of this introduction is to orient the reader to what you are writing about and to the position you are arguing in the paper. Your paper should also include an appropriate conclusion paragraph that sums up your argument and restates your overall position.

Although this paper is short and focuses on interpretation, it still requires that you identify and defend a clear thesis. This means that your paper should not merely be a collection of general statements or assertions about a text, nor should you simply give your opinion without offering adequate support.

Instead, you should back up your explanation with examples or evidence from the texts. In other words, you should give your readers reasons for thinking that what you are saying is accurate.

It is important to recognize the difference between thesis statements and themes/topics. A theme or topic simply names the issue under discussion in the
paper, while a thesis statement makes a claim about that issue. For example, this sentence names a theme/topic: “In this paper I will talk about Aristotle,
the New Testament, and virtue.” By contrast, this thesis statement makes a particular claim about that topic: “In contrast to Aristotle’s description of
moral virtue as cultivated by natural habit and upbringing, the New Testament presents genuine virtue as a gift of the Spirit.” For more information on thesis statements, see http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/thesis.html.

Your sentences and paragraphs should clearly communicate what you are trying to say, and you should organize these in such a way that readers can easily see how your individual points relate to the paper’s overall argument. Avoid excessively informal language, contractions, sentence fragments, and run-on sentences. Also, take care to structure each paragraph around a unified and coherent theme that relates to your thesis. (For more information on writing clear and effective paragraphs, see http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/paragraphs.html.

Writing a strong and successful paper requires backing up your claims with fitting quotations. There is no specific number of quotations that you should use, but in general it is better to use several brief quotations rather than a few long ones. When including a quotation, make sure that it fits in with what you are writing in a way that will be clear to your readers. In some cases, you may need to provide additional information to clarify the meaning of the
quotation.

This assignment does not require any additional research beyond the texts mentioned. However, you are welcome to use additional sources for help, provided that you cite them. You may want to consult the following online source on Aristotle: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-ethics/. If you are writing on Aristotle and Augustine, you may also find this page helpful (especially section four, “Ontology and Eudaimonism”)
http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/augustine/. If you consult these sources, be sure to list them (along with any other sources) in a bibliography or works
cited page, even if you did not quote them in the paper.

Formatting Guidelines

Please give your paper an appropriate title. (You do not need a separate title page). Include your name and the date on the first page of the paper, either
on the top left corner or the top right corner.
The paper should be 3-4 pages, in 12 point Times New Roman font, with 1” margins.
The paper should be formatted according to the Chicago Manual of Style. (For more information on this style, see
http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html.) However, for the sake of simplicity, you may cite the texts parenthetically with the author’s name followed by the page number, as “(Aristotle, 25)” or “(Wright, 10).” You can also cite the additional chapters from Augustine’s City of God, Book XIX (on Blackboard) as “(Augustine, Ch. 25).” If you are choosing your own text, you may also cite it in parentheses with the author’s name and page number, but be sure to include the full information in the bibliography.
Bibliographic entries in Chicago style should be formatted as followed (this is the entry for the Wright text):
Wright, N.T., “What Am I Here For?” in After You Believe: Why Christian Character Matters (New York: HarperOne, 2016), pp. 1-26.
Your bibliography should include a citation from every source that you consulted for the paper. The bibliography will not count as one of your pages.

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Why are some places more corrupt than others?

Prepare an essay of no more than 3000 words to answer this question.
You should cover:

Nature of corruption
Opportunities for corruption
Scope and spheres of corruption
Some final observations on what preventive factors might set apart places that are more or less corrupt than others.
You should take a specific example or activity upon which you can build.
“Place” can mean any of – country, region, city, workplace, e.g. office, police force, courtroom, hospital, school etc.

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Ethics and Morality Research Assignment Available

Ethics and Morality

After reading part one about moral foundations in the book principles of biomedical ethics explain why moral problems arise in the heath professions and why these problems are considered to be moral dilemmas. you explanation should be based on the nature of morality (including both common morality and particular moralities) and the significance of biomedical ethics as particular moralities. use medical scenarios of your choice to illustrate the nature of such problems (not from the book)

Use your own experiences or any other that can apply appropriately.

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Articles on ethics of organisations Essay Assignment

Articles on ethics of organisations

Order Instructions:

The writer will have to read each of this post and react to them by commenting, analyzing and supporting with relevant articles. The writer will have to read carefully before commenting on the post. The writer should write a one paragraph of at least 150 words. APA and in text citation must be use as each respond to the two post must have in text citations. The writer will have to use an article to supports his comments in each of the article. Address the content of each post below in a one paragraph each, analysis and evaluation of the topic, as well as the integration of relevant resources.

I will send the details of the paper via email.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Article one

This article is relevant in addressing the issue of ethical dilemma as it focuses on a group of people who are subject to effects of ethical dilemma. Community long-term care case managers are faced with circumstances that denote chances of falling to ethical dilemma temptations. Phillips & Margolis (1999) note that; temptation emanates mainly from pressure that is exerted to these managers especially due to shortage of money to be used in management. Involvement of a great number of such managers is crucial because it adds to the relevance of the study and it makes it viable to generalize the findings. This is unlike when a study uses a few numbers of cases in a study. In such cases, it becomes ineffective to generalize the findings because the sample may not be a relevant representative of the intended population. According to Bishop (2013) addressing of various issues touching on ethics as may be experienced by managers is critical in the modern times.

Article two

This article points out clearly to the implications of poor application of moral ethics in organizations. Failure to articulate moral ethics in organizations could lead to severe consequences. This article points out clearly to the crucial elements of an organization that could be sabotaged by ethical misalignments in organizations. There are risks to the finances of organizations. Finkelman & Lopez (2012) assert that; finances could be mismanaged following lack of ethics in an organization. Customer services could also be compromised. Piercy & Lane (2009) observe that; this is aspect is very sensitive because; with compromise of the services to customers, an organization is usually at the brink of closure. This view emanates from the realization that; customers are the pillars of business. Ethical misalignments also lead to market risk whereby, an organization is not able to articulate its functionality to the demands of market.

References

Bishop, W. H. (2013). The Role of Ethics in 21st Century Organizations. Journal Of Business Ethics, 118(3), 635-637. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1618-1

Finkelman, J., & Lopez, P. D. (2012). GLOBAL CONSULTING IN A CULTURALLY DIVERSE WORLD: ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 64(4), 307-324. https://www.doi:10.1037/a0031675

Phillips, R. A., & Margolis, J. D. (1999). TOWARD AN ETHICS OF ORGANIZATIONS. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9(4), 619-638.

Piercy, N., & Lane, N. (2009). Strategic Customer Management : Strategizing the Sales Organization. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.

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Implications of Ethical Dilemmas in Practice Essay

Implications of Ethical Dilemmas in Practice

Order Instructions:

APA is critical for this paper, and the writer must first read the instructions and then proceed to respond base on the instructions giving. The writer will select an article which is a peer review or practitioner and must not be more than 5 years old. The writer will then follow the instructions to respond to the assignment. As mentioned earlier, APA is critical and the writer must properly format the paper in APA following the instructions of the prof.

Implications of Ethical Dilemmas in Practice

One way of broaching the topic of ethics in professional practice is to focus on particular ethical dilemmas that arise in the research or practice that surrounds management activities themselves. For example, well-known ethical dilemmas exist in the field of human resources, and other dilemmas surround the handling of financial transactions and decisions.

Search the internet for a scholarly or practitioner article in a peer-reviewed journal not older than 5 years that deals with an ethical dilemma in a management context. How might you research the dilemma presented in the article? Would you examine causation, interventions, solutions, structural issues, or other aspects? Select one or two aspects of the issue presented, and think about how you might formulate a research-oriented approach that would benefit the larger professional practice.

Begin by presenting a brief overview of the article you found. Next, present the ethical dilemma, followed by your research approach and its potential practice-based benefits.
SAMPLE ANSWER

The article:

Johnson, E. N., Fleischman, G. M., Valentine, S., & Walker, K. B. (2012). Managers’ Ethical Evaluations of Earnings Management and Its Consequences. Contemporary Accounting Research, 29(3), 910-927. https://www.doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01135.x

Overview of the article

This article discusses the implications of an ethical dilemma in management of employees’ earnings. Management of employees’ earnings at times is engulfed by ethical dilemma. The dilemma emanates from the temptations of involved management such that at times, they could manipulate the payment neither for the good of the employee or the organization. This kind of ethical dilemma cuts across different kinds of organizations and it is crucial that it is addressed so as to ensure a good stand in terms of management of the employees’ earnings. This article addresses the issue of ethical decision making by managers for the good of the organization.

The ethical dilemma in here touches on earning of a bonus for good management of employee earnings whilst the real intention of management of the earnings is not for the good of the organization. Johnson, Fleischman, Valentine & Walker (2012) asserts that; in such scenarios, issues such as accounting policies and transparency are compromised. In as far as moral ethics are concerned, management of employees’ earnings should be geared towards the good of the organization; and, accounting policies as well as transparency must be considered. When a manager of employees’ earnings contravenes these rules and yet they accept a bonus for good management, then this becomes unethical.

This kind of ethical dilemma requires research so as to generate new knowledge on it and to come up with solutions after ascertaining reality on the ground. It is crucial that a good approach is observed in researching this article. According to Wang (2013) qualitative research would go a long way in ensuring a proper description of the findings. In the formulation of research, crucial aspects of this ethical dilemma would be considered. The research would delve in the causation of this ethical dilemma. On this note, there would efforts to ascertain why there is deviance from ethical values when it comes to management of employees’ payment. For instance, it would be crucial to ascertain whether greediness or hard economic times could be some of the reasons why there is lack of ethics in the management of employees’ payment. Intervention is another crucial aspect that would be critical to deliberate on in research. The research would aim to ascertain what could be done to ensure that when managers of employee payments are faced with such kind of dilemma, they are able to stand to the ethical side and not lose their direction in as far as moral ethics are concerned.

This kind of research would come with a lot of practice-based benefits. For instance, it would highlight the prevalence of ethical dilemma in as far as payment of employees is concerned. Honig, Lampel, Siegel & Drnevich (2014) notes that; with research, the causes of such ethical dilemmas would be highlighted and therefore caution would be taken by the general managers to ensure that there is prevention of the same. The factors that fuel such ethical dilemmas would be highlighted so that they can be avoided. Solutions to this dilemma would be highlighted. It would therefore be easy for managers to apply the researched solutions in a bid to ensure that there is adherence to moral ethics when it comes to receipt of a bonus for a good performance in terms of management of employees’ payment.

References

Honig, B., Lampel, J., Siegel, D., & Drnevich, P. (2014). Ethics in the Production and Dissemination of Management Research: Institutional Failure or Individual Fallibility?. Journal Of Management Studies, 51(1), 118-142. doi:10.1111/joms.12056

Johnson, E. N., Fleischman, G. M., Valentine, S., & Walker, K. B. (2012). Managers’ Ethical Evaluations of Earnings Management and Its Consequences. Contemporary Accounting Research, 29(3), 910-927. doi:10.1111/j.1911-3846.2011.01135.x

Wang, X. (2013). The construction of researcher–researched relationships in school ethnography: doing research, participating in the field and reflecting on ethical dilemmas. International Journal Of Qualitative Studies In Education (QSE), 26(7), 763-779.

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Reflecting on Bias Assignment Available

Reflecting on Bias

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Reflecting on Bias

This week’s Discussion area is a place for you to reflect on the work you have done to this point and to tie up any loose ends. Begin by framing your learning process in this course and sharing any new knowledge you have gained about yourself as a doctoral student and your approach to the doctoral study process.

Critically reflect on your problem statement and the topic you have chosen for your individual doctoral study. In what ways can you limit the negative impact of your own biases, assumptions, and attitudes on your study? How will you identify your biases?

Evaluate the ethical considerations on conducting and documenting research as a scholar-practitioner.

In order to complete the above mention assignment please view order #112783 which has my whole dissertation/ doctoral study thus far . Please complete assignment in accordance to doctoral study

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Week 8 discussion 1

I can vehemently say that pursuing this course has been an awesome experience to me. Despite the ups and downs, the opportunity has expanded my scope of knowledge and skills. Undertaking a research project is one of the processes that have impacted my learning and enabled me to acquire in-depth skills and knowledge. I have gained an array of skills and knowledge as a doctoral student. My research skills have improved to greater magnitude. I now understand the process of carrying out research. My social and communication skills have also improved due to this research project. I do believe my approach to doctoral study has been built on the philosophy of research. Learning entails acquisition of new knowledge and this requires intensive research to come up with new fresh and concrete ideas to help transform the society.

The topic for my project is ‘Communication in a multi-generational workforce’. The topic is relevant as it covers on important aspects that affect many organizations. In this age, different generations work together despite holding to different values and beliefs and even styles of communication (Brown, 2012). It therefore becomes salient to understand their communication styles to bolster productivity. The problem statement of the study as well indicates the gap between communication styles of various generations hence, a need to strike a balance between generations communication styles to foster productivity. Biasness may surface in such a study. The impacts of these biasness’s, attitudes and assumptions in a study can be limited by remaining objective in the study, using random sampling methods and using credible source of information. Some of the ways to identify biasness is avoiding subjectivity, scrutinizing the methods of data collection adopted and allowing third part criticism.

In conducting a study, adhering to ethical consideration is prudent throughout the study. Researcher must ensure confidentiality, uphold to privacy and informed consent. The researcher should inform the parties involved about the study objectives and purpose as well allow the participants discretion to participate or to terminate their participation without coercion (Antes, 2014)

References

Antes, A. (2014). A Systematic Approach to Instruction in Research Ethics.

Accountability in Research: Policies & Quality Assurance, 21(1), 50-67.

Brown, S. E. (2012). Attracting, challenging, and leading a multigenerational workforce-A perspective. Frontiers of Health Services Management, 29(1), 29-33.

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