Heavy and Excessive Bleeding In a short essay (500-750 words), answer the Question at the end of Case Study 1. Cite references to support your positions.
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NRS410V.R.CaseStudy1_Student_02-11-13.docx see below
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Essay Paper Case Study 1
Ms. A. is an apparently healthy 26-year-old white woman. Since the beginning of the current golf season, Ms. A has noted increased shortness of breath and low levels of energy and enthusiasm. These symptoms seem worse during her menses. Today, while playing in a golf tournament at a high, mountainous course, she became light-headed and was taken by her golfing partner to the emergency clinic. The attending physician’s notes indicated a temperature of 98 degrees F, an elevated heart rate and respiratory rate, and low blood pressure. Ms. A states, “Menorrhagia and dysmenorrheal have been a problem for 10-12 years, and I take 1,000 mg of aspirin every 3 to 4 hours for 6 days during menstruation.” During the summer months, while playing golf, she also takes aspirin to avoid “stiffness in my joints.”
Laboratory values are as follows:
Hemoglobin = 8 g/dl
Hematocrit = 32%
Erythrocyte count = 3.1 x 10/mm
RBC smear showed microcytic and hypochromic cells
Reticulocyte count = 1.5%
Other laboratory values were within normal limits.
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Question
Considering the circumstances and the preliminary workup, what type of anemia does Ms. A most likely have? In an essay of 500-750 words, explain your answer and include a rationale.
Case Study 1
Grand Canyon University NRS410V
Ms. A has been having heavy and excessive bleeding for 10- 12 years during her menstruation. This condition is known as dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia. Blood is made up of hemoglobin and Iron which is a big part of hemoglobin. The continual loss of blood results in a lack of hemoglobin as well as Iron Deficiency. This concludes that Ms. A is probably experiencing Iron Deficiency Anemia. This happens when there is an imbalance between the loss of iron and its absorption in the body.
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Essay Paper
When a person has excessive bleeding from the gut and heavy menstrual cycles Iron deficiency anemia usually occurs. Bleeding from the gut can be from several things such as, gastritis, peptic ulcers, hemorrhoids, etc. Many women suffer from this illness during pregnancy because of the consumption of iron increases due to the growing fetus. Monthly menstrual cycles is a normal way that woman experience the loss of iron. However, the amount loss varies greatly. During a normal cycle woman losses between 30 to 40ml of blood, the loss of iron is about 3-40mg per cycle. If the blood loss is greater than 80ml per cycle it is said to be menorrhagia which is heavy bleeding. (Hope, 2000). This would be what Ms. A is suffering from.
Studies has also shown that when women have heavy periods their ferritin, hematocrit and hemoglobin levels are lower than recommended (Bernardi, Ghant, Andrade, Recht & Marsh, 2016) which is what Ms. A was showing signs of.
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Essay Paper
30% of premenopausal women suffer from heavy menstrual bleeding. This is the main reason of iron deficiency anemia (Fraser I. S et al, 2015), (Oehler M K and Rees M C, 2003).
Since Menorrhagia appears to be the hidden cause of Ms. A condition, the treatment should be focusing on mitigating it. There are several ways to treat this condition which is with hormone or non-hormone therapy. To treat hormonal imbalance and to lessen bleeding oral progesterone can be given. Even though hormones supplements may control the cycle the underlying problem may still persist. (Richard R. 2000) more prominent results are shown through non- hormonal therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and tranexamic acid is the primary choice of treatment. Birth control can be used as a part of the treatment. It helps to regulate menstrual cycles and reduce the bleeding time. The amount of blood is also lowered because of the thinning of the endometrial wall.
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Essay Paper
The use of iron supplements is an important component towards lessening this condition. Depending on the main cause of anemia the proper treatment would be determine.
A diet rich in foods containing iron and ferrous salt should be given orally. Also, a diet should include foods like raisins, apricots, prunes, dark green leafy vegetables, fortified bread and iron. Consuming to much iron has some side effects like black stool, constipation or diarrhea.
In conclusion, there are a great number of women who is affected from iron deficiency anemia in comparison to women with a regular period and those who experience menorrhagia a greater loss of iron is loss. Blood and iron is very important to the body in order to maintain the structure and function. Iron should be supplemented in our daily diet because it is required for maintaining a balance life for all humans and women especially.
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Reference
Bernardi, L., Ghant, M., Andrade, C., Recht, H., & Marsh, E. (2016). The association between subjective assessment of menstrual bleeding and measures of iron deficiency anemia in premenopausal African-American women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Women’s Health, 16(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-016-0329-z.
Fraser IS, Mansour D, Breymann C, Hoffman C, Mezzacasa A, Petraglia F. (2015). Prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding and experiences of affected women in a European patient survey. Int J Gynecol Obstet.128:196–200.
Hope, S. (2000). 10-minute consultation: Menorrhagia. BMJ, 321(7266), 935-935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.321.7266.935.
Oehler MK, Rees MC. Menorrhagia: an update. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2003;82:405–22.
Richard, R. (2000). Evaluating Menorrhagia and Providing Effective Treatment. American Family Physician. Oct 1; 62(7):1650-1652.
Long Term Care Industry
Heavy and Excessive Bleeding Instructions
For this two page topic, please describe 3 changes that we need to address in how we manage/organize our Long Term Care Industry. For example, we should focus our efforts on _______ in order to improve ___________. Naturally, there is really no wrong answers.
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