Nursing assignment paper
Order Instructions:
This paper is in 3 sections and every section is independent from the other so each section must have its own reference list at the end of that section just as in the previous paper. It is important that the writer follow the instructions and properly tackle each section with the right responses. I have also provided some resources to be use for SECTION A and B.
SECTION A (2 pages)
Identifying the Problem, Question, and Hypothesis
Using the following examples, develop problem statements, research questions, and hypotheses for each one:
1. You are interested in determining the effect of music on anxiety and pain in the post-surgical patient.
2. You want to know if tele-health monitoring improves CHF patient outcomes in the home setting.
3. End your discussion giving consideration to why it is necessary to have a problem statement, a research question, and a hypothesis. What benefit does it provide?
4. Provide at least three citations with full references to credible nursing scholarly articles supporting your definitions and discussion.
SECTION B ( 1.5pages)
Sampling
You are interested in exploring the experience of new mothers who are breastfeeding for the first time. You can investigate this topic with a descriptive quantitative survey or a qualitative phenomenological study. For each type of study, please describe:
1. The sampling strategy you would use and the potential number of participants you might strive to reach.
2. Justify the projected sample numbers for each strategy.
3. End your discussion with a discussion of inclusion and exclusion criteria you might apply to each sample.
4. Provide at least three citations with full references to credible nursing scholarly articles supporting your definitions and discussion.
Learning resources to be use for the paper
Introduction to Nursing Research Incorporating Evidence-Based Practice
• Chapter 4: “Ethics”
• Chapter 5: “PICOT”
• Chapter 7: “Sampling”
• Carcich, G. M., &Rafti, K. R. (2007). Experienced registered nurses’ satisfaction with using self-learning modules versus traditional lecture/discussion to achieve competency goals during hospital orientation. Journal for Nurses in Staff Development, 23(5), 214–220.
• Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1: quantitative research. British Journal Of Nursing (BJN), 16(11), 658–663.
• Hedges, C., &Blioss-Holtz, J. (2006). Not too big, not too small, but just right:The dilemma of sample size estimation.AACN Advanced Critical Care, 17 (3). 341–344.
• Ryan, F., Coughlan, M., & Cronin, P. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 2: qualitative research. British Journal Of Nursing (BJN), 16(12), 738–744.
• Siedlecki, S. L. (2008). Making a difference through research. AORN Journal, 88 (5), 716.
• Pierce, L. (2009). Twelve steps for success in the nursing research journey. Journal of Continuing Education in nursing, 40 (4)m 154–164.
• Vojir, C. (2005). Scientific inquiry.Hypothesis testing and power in research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 10 (1), 36–39.
Please review the following website.
To Help You Understand Quantitative and Qualitative Research:
• The Difference Between Quantitative and Qualitative Research Retrieved from http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/nursing/sonet/rlos/ebp/qvq/
SECTION C (1 page)
Ethics Brochure
For this section, you will start creating an informational brochure that could be used for pre-licensure nursing students to inform them of the guidelines and procedures for protecting research participants. The first part will be to write
– Procedures of Protection for all research participants
– Provides a section delineating frequently asked questions about protection of human subjects with answers provided (FAQ’s).
SAMPLE ANSWERS
Nursing assignment paper
SECTION A
Identifying the Problem, Question, and Hypothesis
- The effect of music on anxiety and pain in the post-surgical patient
Problem statement
Music therapy has proved to be essential in reducing anxiety and pain in various categories of patients. Hence the effectiveness of music in reducing anxiety and pain in various categories of patients should be evaluated among post-surgical patients who tend to undergo significant anxiety and pain.
Research questions
- To what extent does music reduce anxiety and pain in the post-surgical patient?
- Do different genres of music have different levels of reducing anxiety and pain in the post-surgical patient?
Hypotheses
- There are varied extents to which music reduce anxiety and pain in the post-surgical patient.
- Different genres of music have different levels of reducing anxiety and pain in the post-surgical patient.
- Determining if tele-health monitoring improves CHF patient outcomes in the home setting
Problem statement
Over the recent past, technological advancements in healthcare have been tremendous and have significantly attributed to improved provision of healthcare services. This has played critical role especially with increasing lifestyle diseases that are not treatable, but only mitigated through effective management particularly those inflicting the elderly (Coughlan et al., 2007). As a result tele-health monitoring has been devised to monitor outcomes of CHF patient in the home setting. However, despite the importance of this novel innovation it is important to determine the extent to which tele-health monitoring improves CHF patient outcomes in the home setting. This is essential in knowing if tele-health monitoring for this group of patients is necessary or not meaning the findings of this study would go along way to influence policies and healthcare management for this group of patients.
Research questions
- How has tele-health monitoring led to increased access to healthcare services and/or information among CHF patient in the home setting?
- To what extent does tele-health monitoring result to improved rates of recovery among CHF patient in the home setting?
Hypotheses
- Tele-health monitoring leads to increased access to healthcare services and/or information among CHF patient in the home setting.
- There are improved rates of recovery among CHF patient in the home setting due to tele-health monitoring.
The importance of having a problem statement, a research question, and a hypothesis in any type of research is because they help to succinctly describe the issue or phenomenon under investigation while at the same time providing a direction of the research. For instance, the problem statement ensures that the issue under investigation is explicitly described and discussed thereby allowing easier understanding of the research context (Coughlan et al., 2007). The research questions are used so that they can be referred to by the end of the study from the perspective of the study findings to determine whether the initially proposed questions have been eventually answered. Moreover, a hypothesis may either be stated as null or alternative meaning that it is used to evaluate the study findings two perspectives. This helps to ensure that the initially proposed hypotheses are evaluated to determine whether to accept or reject them. Therefore, they have the benefit of making sure that the researcher evaluates his/her findings with respect to the initial anticipation (Vojir, 2005).
References
Coughlan, M., Cronin, P., & Ryan, F. (2007). Step-by-step guide to critiquing research. Part 1: Quantitative research. British Journal of Nursing (BJN), 16(11), 658–663.
Vojir, C. (2005). Scientific inquiry, Hypothesis testing and power in research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 10 (1), 36–39.
SECTION B
Sampling
- Descriptive quantitative survey
In descriptive survey the safest way of making sure that the sample size is representative is to use a stratified random sampling (Siedlecki, 2008). This is mainly because this sampling procedure would ensure that there is proportional representation of the population subgroups (e.g., sexes, races). In this type of study a considerable number of participants would be required, preferably in terms of hundreds to thousands using statistical significance, because when the sample size is small and the findings show absence of statistical significance it may be considered erroneous; but when the sample size is large the findings are considered valid even if they are not statistically significant. Considering that the study considers new mother breastfeeding for the first time it is important to only include mothers below 35 years and excluding those above 35 years since majority of first time mothers are below 35 years. Secondly, first time mothers who are not breastfeeding would also be excluded from the study.
- Qualitative phenomenological study
In this type of study the sampling strategy would be to randomly pick several pediatric clinics where a considerable number of breastfeeding mothers would be easily found, then they would be put into groups where unstructured interviews/focus group discussions would be conducted and the data recorded in form of field notes or transcripts (Hedges & Blioss-Holtz, 2006). However, the number of participants would be in thousands; because in theory the more research participants are included in a research project, the better the validity and reliability of the obtained findings. Moreover, considering that study considers new mothers breastfeeding for the first time, it is important to ensure that the included research participants are only mothers below 35 years and excluding those above 35 years since majority of first time mothers are below 35 years. Secondly, first time mothers who are not breastfeeding would also be excluded from the study.
References
Hedges, C., & Blioss-Holtz, J. (2006). Not too big, not too small, but just right: The dilemma of sample size estimation. AACN Advanced Critical Care, 17 (3), 341–344.
Siedlecki, S. L. (2008). Making a difference through research. AORN Journal, 88 (5), 716-718.
Pierce, L. (2009). Twelve steps for success in the nursing research journey. Journal of Continuing Education in nursing, 40 (4), 154–164.
Willis, J. (2007). Foundations of Qualitative Research: Interpretive and Critical Approaches. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
SECTION C
Ethics Brochure
| Procedures of Protection for all research participants | |
| Seeking informed consent | This involves seeking informed consent from research participants prior to including them in the research or obtaining data from them. All the procedures to be included in the study must be explained to the research participants. |
| Ensuring privacy and confidentiality | All the information obtained from the research participants should be maintained private and confidential mainly to ensure that it is safe and out of access unauthorized persons. |
| Seeking authorization | When the research participants are from specialized groups such as patients or children, the researcher should seek authorization from the necessary ethics organizations. |
| Lack of coercion | The research participants should not be forced to participate in the research, but should be allowed to do so willfully. |
| Delineation of the frequently asked questions (FAQS) concerning human subjects’ protection and answers provided | |
| Questions | Answers |
| What is protection of human subjects in a research? | These are the measures put in place to ensure research participants and information obtained from them is secure and safe. |
| What is informed consent? | This is research participants’ voluntary agreement to take part in a research. |
| Who can provide informed consent? | Any research participant who has reached the age of majority and regarded competent is capable of providing informed consent in a research study. |
| Is informed consent always required? | Informed consent is required in majority of studies. |
| What is the importance of privacy and confidentiality? | It ensures that the information obtained from research participants is maintained private and confidential. |
| When is it necessary to seek authorization from necessary organizations to include certain groups of human subjects? | When special groups of human subjects are included and need to be protected. |
| Why should human subjects not be coerced to participate in a study? | To ensure that research ethics are not violated as well as making sure that the findings of the study are valid, credible and reliable. |
References
Pierce, L. (2009). Twelve steps for success in the nursing research journey. Journal of Continuing Education in nursing, 40 (4), 154-164.
Siedlecki, S. L. (2008). Making a difference through research. AORN Journal, 88 (5), 716-718.
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