Category: Questions

Major HR Laws Affecting Equal Opportunity

Major HR Laws Affecting Equal Opportunity
Major HR Laws Affecting Equal Opportunity

Major HR Laws Affecting Equal Opportunity

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NOTE: This assignment must have an APA format cover sheet and reference page along with in text citations. The only part of the paper which does NOT have to be APA format is your write up of answers. You can simply type Scenario 1: Scenario 2: etc as shown below.

Directions: Applying your knowledge of current HR laws, the text, and other sources, (1) examine each following scenario, (2) Determine which law potentially is being violated and (3) what actions you would take as the HR manager.

Scenario 1: Roderick, an employee on the manufacturing line and a member of a new religious organization called The Rites of Spring, has informed you that he will be unable to work on Friday afternoons after 2:00 pm and will be unable to report to work before noon on Mondays. He indicated that from Friday afternoon through Monday morning he must not work, as according to the principles of The Rites of Spring. He realizes this is an inconvenience and has offered to extend his workdays on other afternoons. The facility is a 24 hour operation with 3 shifts.

Scenario 2: Adam, an African American employee in your retail operation, has filed a complaint indicating that several white coworkers, including two supervisors, are harassing him because of his race. He alleges that they call him names such as “Sambo”, “Boy”, Afrikaner,” and “Zulu.” He also indicates that his supervisor refuses to allow him to work overtime, preferring to give overtime opportunities to white employees. Adam is a solid associate with no attendance issues, and he’s always very helpful to customers. After reviewing the overtime log, you discover that each of his coworkers has averaged five hours of overtime per week.

Scenario 3: you are the HR manager for a regional construction firm based in Atlanta, Georgia. In most cases, you create ads seeking temporary construction work in various cities where projects exist. However, occasionally site supervisors place their own ads in local papers. After three phone calls from women in Tampa, Florida, objecting to a recent ad placed in that city’s newspaper, you conduct an investigation. You discover the ad placed by the Tampa, Florida site supervisor reads, “Young men wanted for construction in the Tampa area.”

Scenario 4: On a weekly basis, you hold meetings with hiring managers to review recently submitted resumes and applications. These meetings determine which candidates to bring in for an interview. One hiring manager, after reviewing a resume you handed him says, “I’m not interested in this one.” You ask him why, and he explains, “He has some personal information on here, and he’s indicated he was born in Mexico.” You remind the hiring manager that the candidate has 10 years’ experience an an MBA from a top ranked school. So far, it is the best resume you’ve seen for this particular position. The hiring manager responds, “So? I don’t want to take a chance that the wetback is illegal in this country.”

Scenario 5: Tiffany, an associate on the production line for assembling mechanical pencils, is six months’ pregnant. You have discovered that her supervisor has required Tiffany to work light duty jobs in the production office, which means she is ineligible for the incentive program. This means a potential loss to Tiffany of approximately $60 per week extra in incentive pay. When you asked the supervisor about the situation, he replied, “Are you kidding? She is 6 months pregnant. She could get hurt or something might happen to her baby. As an Hr manager, aren’t you concerned about things like that?”

Scenario 6: You are the HR manager for a national consumer-goods manufacturer with four plants spread across the country and a corporate office in Cincinnati, Ohio. Each plant has a full-time cost analyst who keeps tabs on production expenses, efficiencies, and so on. The best cost analyst, Jennifer (38 years old), is located at the LA office facility. She has been extremely successful in reducing overhead costs and has started several initiatives that have gone company wide in significantly reducing costs. An opening for cost manager, based in Cincinnati, has emerged, and the company is conducting a national search to fill this position, which will oversee all four cost analysts. Jennifer has asked to be considered. The VP of finance, to whom the cost manager position will report, does not wish to consider Jennifer. He points out that she has multiple sclerosis and, since she now has to use a walker or crutches to get around, her condition will only worsen. He feels that even though she is the most qualified candidate, he is uncertain how long she’ll be physically able of performing the essential functions of the job.

**Remember to include context from your textbook along with other sources related to this assignment. Examples of APA are under Assignments in your blackboard shell along with a helpful website for further instruction. A rubric for this assignment is located under Syllabus/Schedule content area of Bb.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Equal Opportunity: Major HR Laws Affecting Equal Opportunity

Employer and employee relationships are important in fostering achievement of organization goals. Various laws exist to ensure that employees are treated equally as they provide services in their respective organizations. Examples of these laws include the Equal Employment Opportunity laws, Equal Pay Act of 1963, and Human resource laws among many others. This paper provides insights on the laws that are being violated in various case scenarios and appropriate actions that HR managers ought to take as a remedy.

In scenario one, the HR resource law that is potential being violated is Title VI of the Civil Rights Act (CRA) of 1964. This law requires or prohibits any form of discrimination based on color, race, or religious affiliation when it comes to provision of benefits and services to employees (The U.S  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 2015). In this case, the request that Roderick has made should not be turned down. His religious group known as ‘The Rites of Spring’ does not allow him to report to work on Monday and Friday afternoon. To solve this problem, as a HR Manager, I will have to make adjustment so that Roderick works in other shifts on other days. Employees that do not belong or ascribe to this new religious group will work on Monday and Friday afternoon while Roderick will be required to work in other shifts. This will help solve this stalemate without discriminating the employee.

Scenario two where Adam an Africa American worker is harassed by both coworkers and supervisor is a clear demonstration of violation of the Title VII of the Civil Right Act (CRA) of 1964. This is one of the acts in the equal employment opportunity that human resource personnel’s must abide to when rendering their duties in any organization (EEOC,  2015). This law prohibits any form of harassments and unfair treatment of employees on the basis of their color, race, religion, national origin or even sex in all areas of employment from selection to retirement. This act is applied in organizations that have more than fifteen employees. In this case, it is apparent that Adam is discriminated because of his color of skin and national origin as he is called names, and denied opportunity to work overtime. As a human resource manager, I have the responsibility to ensure that such behaviors do not go on. One way is to publish the laws and make sure that all employees and supervisors are aware of these laws and abide to the same. Those that may continue to discriminate against employees such as Adam because of their national origin and color of skin will have to face disciplinary action both in the organization and in the courts. I will also ensure that all employees have equal opportunity to work overtime without discriminating others based on color or national origin so that they are all entitled to get overtime.

Scenario three case, the HR laws that are violated are the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1975. The law requires that no person is discriminated on the basis of their age. All people across the age strata have a right to benefit from any program or activity that receives assistance from the Federal government ( EEOC, 2015). Therefore, the site supervisors went against the law by advertising for the construction jobs and specifying that young men were the only eligible one to apply. Women that protested about these ads were demanding for their rights. As the HR manager of this project, what I will do to make sure that the adverts are redone so that they capture all applicants regardless of their age. Provided, the applicants have the ability and the will to execute the tasks at hand they, have the right to apply and be considered for the job opening.

In scenario four, the law that is potentially being violated is the Immigration and Reform Control Act (IRCA) of 1986. The law makes it illegal for any employer to hire an employee when they know that the employee is an alien or not eligible to work in the country. It is the duty of employers to scrutinize information about the eligibility of an individual to work in the United State to comply with the law. Therefore, in this case, despite the fact that one of the applicants had qualifications for the job, he was not eligible to work in the US because of being Mexican wetback. To solve this problem as a human resource manager, I will not recommend for the hiring of this wetback to work in USA if investigations indicate that he is not a US citizen.

Scenario 5, which is about Tiffany who is, also six month pregnant illustrates violation of the pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978. The act prohibits any form of discrimination against employees and applicants based on childbirth, pregnancy, and related conditions (Equal Employment Opportunity, 1979). Tiffany has the obligation to work or go for a leave if she asks provided the period is predetermined. As a human resource manager, this problem can be addressed by allowing her to work in the other department as directed by the supervisor but she should be entitled to her incentives.

In scenario six, Human resource law that has a potential of being violated is the Americans With disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. This act requires accessibility to employment, services, public facilities, telecommunications, and transportation to all persons with disabilities (The University of Alabama, 2015). Jennifer, regardless of suffering from multiple sclerosis and using walkers, she has the right to contest for the position in the organization. She has the qualifications to execute the roles and responsibilities well and therefore, her disabilities status should not be taken as an excuse to leave her out of this contest. The law protects people like her from any form of discrimination when it comes to promotion, pay, and training, providing fringe benefits, and other benefits that pertain to employment (Peetz, Gardner, Brown & Berns, 2008). Therefore, as the manager, I will ensure that Jennifer apply for the job because she is qualified.

References

Equal Employment Opportunity. (1979). Labor Law Journal, 30(2), 118-121.

Peetz, D., Gardner, M., Brown, K., & Berns, S. (2008). Workplace effects of equal employment opportunity legislation: the Australian experience. Policy Studies, 29(4), 405-419. https://www.doi:10.1080/01442870802482158

The University of Alabama. (2015). Summary of Major Equal Opportunity Laws. Retrieved from: http://eop.ua.edu/summary.html

The U.S  Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (EEOC). (2015). Federal Laws     Prohibiting Job Discrimination Questions And Answers. Retrieved from:      http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html

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Musculoskeletal Limitations Complicated by a Medical Illness

Musculoskeletal Limitations Complicated by a Medical Illness
Musculoskeletal Limitations Complicated by a Medical Illness

The Patient with Musculoskeletal Limitations Complicated by a Medical Illness

Order Instructions:

Use a 12 font size, double space your work and use APA format for citations, references, and overall format. Information on how to use the Excelsior College Library to help you research and write your paper is available through the Library Help for AD Nursing Courses page. Assistance with APA format, grammar, and avoiding plagiarism is available for free through the Excelsior College Online Writing Lab (OWL). Be sure to check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors before you submit your assignment.

You are required to submit your paper to Turnitin (a plagiarism prevention service) prior to submitting the paper in the course submission area for grading. Access is provided by email to the email address on record in your MyExcelsior account during week 2 of the term. Once you submit your paper to Turnitin check your inbox in Turnitin for the results. After viewing your originality report correct the areas of your paper that warrant attention. You can re-submit your paper to Turnitin after 24-hours and continue to re-submit until the results are acceptable. Acceptable ranges include a cumulative total of less than 15% for your entire paper, and no particular area greater than 2% (excluding direct quotes and/or references).

See the videos below for instructions on how to submit your paper to Turnitin and view your Originality Report.
Video – Submitting a Paper
Video – Viewing Your Originality Report

When you’re ready to submit your work for grading, click Browse My Computer and find your file. Once you’ve located your file click Open and, if successful, the file name will appear under the Attached files heading. Scroll to the bottom of the page, click Submit and you’re done.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The Patient with Musculoskeletal Limitations Complicated by a Medical Illness

Question one

Surgical care improvement project (SCIP) is an initiative aimed at providing healthcare for patients who have just undergone surgical procedures. It is estimated that more than 40% of operative procedures normally end up in post-operative complications. However, the introduction of the improvement project serves to significantly reduce the resulting complications. The SCIP is based on several core measures to assist in the reduction of post-operative complications. The ten core measures are based on prophylactic antibiotic treatment in pre and post-operative procedures. Also, antibiotics are given to the patient during the treatment process(‘SCIP core measures’, 2011). Another measure is the use of urinary catheter and hair removal strategies for patients. Other measures involve temperature management and the elimination of blood clots that would cause thrombosis in the veins also referred to as venous thromboembolism. The major aspect that has assisted in the reduction of surgical site infection has been the use of antibiotics. It is widely known that knee procedures such as knee arthroscopy involve the exposure of the knee tissues to the environment(‘SCIP core measures’, 2011). The environment contains numerous microbes that are opportunistic and take advantage of any opening on the skin surface. However, the presence of antibiotics serves to eliminate the microbes that ultimately serve to be the major causes of disease infection after operation procedures. Certain precautions have to be taken before the administration of the antibiotics(Drake, 2011). The drugs used should not have side effect to the patients. Neither are the antibiotics supposed to evoke the immune responses.in the case of the 60 year old woman, she had associated allergies with penicillin. The woman had taken certain drugs associated with the treatment of osteoarthritis which was also being examined by the medical procedure. Lisiprinol, lebrax and Celebrex were the drugs used by the old lady in the treatment of her conditions. Lisiprinol lowers blood pressure since the patient has hypertension. The drugs are administered after six hours when their effect is non-interfered by the other drugs. Additionally, the drug used is a cephalosporin and has no effect or similar effect as penicillin since it would not evoke an allergic reaction. The use of antibiotics in the surgical care processes has significantly reduced surgical site infections(‘SCIP core measures’, 2011). Ancef is an antibiotic of cephalosporin activity. Similarly other drugs have been used to reduce chances of infection after the surgical procedures(Drake, 2011). Nurses have to administer the drugs at specific times for the drugs to be able to function effectively.

Question two

The surgical care improvement method outlines measures involved in the removal of hair. Use of shaving or clippers to remove hairs would result in skin abrasions which would ultimately result in infections of the skin. Such infections would result in complications after surgical procedures. In the case of the sixty old woman, less hair is found around the knee region and since the knee is one of the common areas where skin abrasions can result in infection sites for microbes (Anderson, 2010).

In case there was excessive hair in the knee region it would be clipped off. However, the removal of the hair in this case shall not be by the use of a razor blade or other abrasive methods to the skin which end up affecting the skin by leaving infection sites that can easily be accessible to microbes. However electric clippers can be used in the removal of hair around the knee region since they are non-abrasive(Drake, 2011). If there were previous hair removal, the data abstractors supposed to look at the alternative methods. Also if the patient had in any way clipped hair from their skin, the data abstractor should seek methods that would not complicate the current status. The data abstractor can obtain the information about the patient from previous records especially the nurse’s report and mark at the appropriate hair removal method that had been initially used. This would assist the surgeons in knowing the appropriate method of hair removal that they can rely on the removal of hair especially at the knee(Anderson, 2010).

Question three

Venous thromboembolism is one of the common surgical complications after operative surgeries. Exposure of the skin directly activates clotting factors forming clots .This mechanism is used by the body to prevent entry of foreign microbes and over bleeding that would result in high pressure and loose of oxygen in the body.  However, after forming clots, it is necessary that the initial clots formed in the blood would be dissolved by plasmin via plasminogen activating factors. However, sometimes the rate of clot formation during certain surgical procedures becomes greater compared to the rate of clot dissolution. The end result in this case would be blocking of the veins by clot or thrombus. The ultimate result of this is blockage of the blood supply by the thrombus ultimately resulting in what is commonly referred to venous thromboembolism commonly abbreviated as VTE. A major common form of VTE is DVT which in full means deep venous thromboembolism( Mont et al., 2014).

Surgical care improvement project involves the use of lovenox an anticoagulant. The anticoagulant has the ability to break down all the clots that have been formed in the body making blood to flow properly through the body. As a result, major complication issues such as venous thromboembolism are all avoided. However, in the administration of lovenox timing of the drug plays a very important role. Very late delay in the administration of the drug after surgical processes would directly be of no use since the process of clot formation would have already taken place and the administration of the drug would not be effective as anticipated before. Therefore it is necessary that the nurse ensures that the patient in this case the sixty old woman takes the drug at the required time to avoid formation of clots. In this case the drug was administered earlier the day after the surgical operation. The use of the leg attached to the hose pipe in the upright direction also assist the floor of blood from the surgical site and therefore the drug would efficiently remove the clots (Drake, 2011).

In conclusion the use of surgical care improvement projects has over the years reduced the associated surgical difficulties and complications that are normally as a result of surgical processes. The use of antibiotics has significantly reduced infection via sites while the application of certain drugs which are anticoagulants have effectively removed the thrombus that are as a result of clots formed during the surgical processes. Generally use of the SCIP has reduced the number of post complications and deaths that would be as a result of procedures. Although the process is being implemented, proper care and timing is important in meeting the set objectives relating to better health for patients (Kinnier, Barnard & Bilimoria, 2014).

References

ANDERSON, J. (2010). Individual SCIP Measures Don’t Cut Infection. Hospitalist News, 3(7), 8.

Drake, K. (2011). SCIP core measures. Nursing Management (Springhouse), 42(5), 24-30.

Kinnier, C., Barnard, C., & Bilimoria, K. (2014). The Need to Revisit VTE Quality Measures. JAMA, 312(3), 286.

Mont, M., Hozack, W., Callaghan, J., Krebs, V., Parvizi, J., & Mason, J. (2014). Venous Thromboemboli Following Total Joint Arthroplasty: SCIP Measures Move Us Closer  to an Agreement. The Journal of Arthroplasty, 29(4), 651-652.

SCIP core measures. (2011). Nursing Management (Springhouse), 42(5), 30-31.

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Movie Review Based on History; All the President’s Men

Movie Review Based on History
                  Movie Review Based on History

Movie Review Based on History;All the President’s Men

Order Instructions:

750 word
Watch movie and write about historical things
The American Film Institute released a list of what they consider to be the 100 best movies “of all time.” While this is a debatable (and very controversial) list, it is a valuable document for historians to use when gauging the cultural, social, and historical impact of American films over the course of the twentieth century. See the list here: http://www.afi.com/100years/movies10.aspx

For your extra credit assignment, choose one of the movies listed (except for The Graduate – see below, Forrest Gump, Titanic, or any movie produced after the year 2000) and write a 750-word paper (due IN CLASS on Nov 2) describing the plot of the movie and explaining its historical context. One important clue to the latter can be found to the right of each movie: its release date. For instance, The Graduate (one of Dr. Luckett’s all-time favorite movies) came out in 1967, just as sixties counter-culture was rising in popularity and the Vietnam War filled the news every night. Although Dustin Hoffman’s character is barely a baby boomer, his ennui and the conflict between young and old, tradition and freedom throughout the film represents the angst of an entire generation. What can the movie tell us about young people in 1967? Why did it resonate so powerfully with that generation? Who (or what) does Mrs. Robinson represent?

This is the kind of approach that you want to take with your movie. Investigate it as a historian, not as a fan or a film critic – avoid discussing whether you liked it, thought the acting was great, etc. Examine it, analyze it, and place it within the context of your history readings. Feel free to comment on larger issues that come to mind as you view the movie from the perspective of a twenty-first century college student. Does the movie make any attempt to include diverse, complicated characters, as opposed to mere stereotypes? Does it directly or inadvertently comment on race, sexuality, or gender?

Many of these movies are on Hulu and Netflix. Almost all can be found at the LA County Library for free.

Like on the Historical Landmark paper, please type, double-space, and staple your work. As always, cite any and all sources. You must upload this paper to Turnitin in order to receive credit.

Other information (from the syllabus):

[This] can be used to replace your lowest quiz grade BEFORE I drop your lowest quiz grade. So if your lowest quiz grade is a 20, your second-lowest quiz grade is a 22, and you get a 28 on your extra credit, then the quiz on which you scored 20 will be changed to a 28. I will then drop the quiz that scored a 22, which is now the lowest. Alternatively, if your two lowest quiz grades are a 20 and a 22, and you get an 18 on the extra credit, then your lowest quiz grade will change to an 18. But since it is still your lowest quiz grade, it will be dropped anyway. Mathematically it is impossible to lose points by turning in your extra credit, but you can add a substantial number of points to your overall quiz grade by completing it.

The key thing to understand here is that you are not guaranteed 30 points (the value of a 100% quiz grade) on this extra credit assignment. You should treat it like any other assignment: with respect, care, and more than enough time to complete it correctly. Submissions must be typed.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Movie Review Based on History

All the President’s Men

Description of Plot

All The President’s Men is a 1976 film that looks into the events of the Watergate scandal through the investigatory work of two journalists Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward of the Washington Post. The work of these two journalists had a significant change in the course of American politics, while remarkably inspiring investigative journalism. The film captures June 17, 1972, whereby five men were apprehended by the Washington DC police for breaking into the headquarters of the National Democratic Party in a building called Watergate (AFI). Bob Woodward was then assigned the work of looking into the seemingly small issue by the Washington Post. Upon realizing that the five men, majorly comprising of Cuban immigrants, had strongly competent lawyers representing them in the background, Woodward saw potential for a larger story. At that point, Carl Bernstein, who was almost being fired from the Washington Post, sought to join Woodward, and the two proceeded with the investigation. Although ‘Deep Throat’ at first acted in a way that would neither confirm nor deny the information, he eventually tells Woodward to “follow the money”. Woodward and his colleague end up discovering that the money which had originally been donated to the Committee for purposes of re-electing President Richard Nixon had been deposited in the bank accounts of the burglars.

The curiosity of the journalists to find out the person who diverged the money to the bank accounts of the burglars leads them into planning in how to reach into the White House. Despite the obstacle from the newspaper’s editor-in-chief who considers the allegations as merely speculative and lacking tangible evidence, the journalists eventually get closer to the truth. Nevertheless, there are others who also try to discredit on claims of national security. At the time when President Nixon was giving his inaugural speech following his reelection, Woodward and Bernstein were glued on their typewriters, developing the story. Later on, the Washington Post teletype releases news concerning the conviction and sentencing of the conspirators and the resignation of President Nixon from office.

Historical Context

Despite the fact that All The President’s Men was produced at the time when the Watergate Scandal was a matter of common knowledge to everyone, this movie has remained to be a significant historical record which has managed to survive the test of time. This film gives a factual account of the events that led to Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, resigning from office. In fact, he is still remembered in history as the only President to have ever resigned. Richard Nixon decided to step down in 1974, while halfway in his second term, to avoid facing impeachment in regards to the efforts he had sought to ensure that the illegal activities of his administrative members were covered up (Woodward & Bernstein, 2005).

The film is still significant in today’s politics as it gives insight into the issue of accountability of the government (The Lasting Importance of All The President’s Men, 2007). The public consciousness was raised following the dubious activities that Nixon’s administration were engaging in, and thereafter in the Bush Administration. The film also helped to nurture a generation of investigative journalists, who are very observant and critical of the happenings in the government. The press was portrayed as the eye of the people, and that it was in order for the press to enjoy all the freedom it deserves for purposes of carrying out its work.

The Watergate Scandal is used in history classes when discussing the weaknesses of President Nixon (Ambrose, 1991). As much as Nixon had numerous leadership traits, his weakness was magnified by the Watergate scandal, which led to his ultimate downfall. In this regard, Nixon had possessed certain weaknesses as a chief executive, and these weaknesses were the basis for the occurrence of such a bizarre incident. Nixon had a high sense of insecurity, which was partly caused by the difficulties he encountered in his interpersonal relationships as well as bitterness. Accordingly, he believed that an individual had to be ruthless in order to make it in politics. Nixon distrusted the media, Democrats, antiwar demonstrators, and intellectuals, which led him to develop an “us versus them” attitude. Nixon was surrounded by many enemies, particularly on the Left and he believed that inflating the perceived threat to the highest point of absurdity was the best approach for him to maintain control in politics. Nixon sought for total loyalty from all members of the Cabinet. Nevertheless, these people who were close to Nixon often utilized their privileged status to encourage his worst demons. The former White House Counsel John Dean displayed Nixon’s bitter and weird mindset when he testified that Nixon had kept an “enemies list,” containing the names of many political opponents that were often singled out by federal agencies for harassment. Thus, the Watergate Scandal only confirmed such allegations, and people lost any little trust they had in the President.

References

Ambrose, S. E. (1991). Nixon, vol. 3, Ruin and recovery, 1973-1990.

AFI. All The President’s Men. Retrieved from: http://www.afi.com/members/catalog/DetailView.aspx?s=&Movie=53913

The Lasting Importance of All The President’s Men. (2007). Retrieved from: http://drharrington.blogspot.co.ke/2007/11/lasting-importance-of-all-presidents.html

Woodward, B. & Bernstein, C. (2005). The Final Days. New York: Simon & Schuster.

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Sociology Research Term Paper Available

Sociology
Sociology

Sociology

Order Instructions:

Sociology class Homework

There is 8 reaction papers

Each of Homework will post every week of after finishing each of Homework

So First Homework is :

SAMPLE ANSWER

Sociology

Number 1

I had a sixteen year old cousin watch the news channel on television for thirty minutes. During that time, I had to keenly watch his behavior as he watched television. The boy had his cell phone with him as he watched the news. He would frequently look at his phone for a few seconds, and then continue watching the news without pausing or freezing. However, on a few accession he had to send back a text and this would take a few minutes. On resuming watching television, he had to rewind the program to catch the bits of news he had missed when he was on the phone. He once froze the show and ran to the bathroom for some minutes then returned, unfroze and continued watching the show.

Number 2

After the news show was over, I asked him to give me a detailed summary of the news stories that were aired in the show. He gave all but one of the stories that had been aired on the show. When I asked him about the one he had omitted, he explained that he had watched that entire piece of story. He continued to give a detailed account of the whole story. However, some of the details on the other stories were scarce. Other details were also entirely inaccurate as he told them compared to what was aired during the news show.

Number 3

I usually watch television frequently. However, during the session I find myself doing some other activity that split my attention from the television show I was watching. I find myself replying to text messages, returning calls and at times even playing a cell phone game. I can also find myself eating and I at times fall asleep while watching a television show. I find that whenever I am distracted while watching television there are bits of the content that I do not grasp. I find that the accuracy of the information I have on the stories in the show is wanting. Moreover, I also do not at time get to watch how the show ended and thus, I do not have the details of the entire show. However, when I have all my attention channeled to the shows I watch on television, I get to know the full story. I can also narrate the stories accurately and in details.

Number 4

A study on the population of the US showed that about sixty percent of people use a second screen when watching television. The study called this behavior the second screen paradigm. People who use the second screen while watching television are usually distracted and therefore, do not grasp all the content being aired on television. This behavior is in line with the theory of dual coding. The theory states that, people often remember and process information that is presented to them both as visual and audio (CCD Conference, 2103). The lack in the content after watching a show on television while using a second screen or a phone is well explained from this theory. Whenever my cousin or I looked away from the television to look at our phones, the flow of information from the show is disrupted. The combination of the sound and video gets information faster to the brain. However, when is disrupted, this flow of information to the brain is also disrupted. The theory explained the missing details from the show and the inaccuracy of the information one has about a show they saw when using a second screen.

References

CCD (Conference), Rau, P. L. P., & International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. (2013). Cross-cultural design: Methods, practice, and case studies : 5th International Conference, CCD 2013, held as part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings. Berlin: Springer.

European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, In Boulus-Rødje, N., In Ellingsen, G., In Bratteteig, T., In Aanestad, M., & In Bjørn, P. (2015). ECSCW 2015: Proceedings of the 14th European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work, 19-23 September 2015, Oslo, Norway.

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The personification of Death in Everyman

The personification of Death in Everyman
The personification of Death in Everyman

The author’s perspective of and the personification of Death in Everyman

Order Instructions:

Write a 1,500-word (5–7 pages) essay that addresses ‘EVERYMAN’ from the Drama Unit. A minimum of 6 citations, including the primary source and at least 5 secondary scholarly sources, is required for this assignment.

-The assignment MUST INCLUDE a 1-page thesis statement and outline
-Actual research paper
-bibliography of sources used.

Format the thesis/outline, the draft, and bibliography using current APA format.

Address in the paper:

Discuss the author’s perception of death and the treatment of death in ‘Everyman.’

LINK TO THE PLAY:

http://dramageeks.astorialand.com/scripts/everyman.pdf

SAMPLE ANSWER

The personification of Death in Everyman

The author’s perspective of and the personification of Death in Everyman

Thesis Statement

The play titled “Everyman” is a moralist play, a form of performed art that was common in English Theater during the 16th Century. It followed a style of presentation that had a narrative acted out in such a manner that it would deliver a moral lesson to the audience that was in attendance. Most common plays from this period have well-known playwrights, top on the list being Shakespeare. The play titled “Everyman” however stands out for two reasons. The first reason is the fact that its author remains anonymous to this day. The second reason why it is unique is the manner in which it uses allegory with concepts such as death, life, company, wealth, humanity and also good virtues. Ordinarily these aspects or elements of life were represented in plays as ideas creatively maintained in the respective scenes. ‘Everyman’ is however delivered through allegory where each of the main ideas to be used in the play have tangible actors with verbal exchanges with the play’s protagonist. This makes it possible for these different issues to be packaged in a different way from the way they were usually done. The format of ‘everyman’ gives the audience an alternate perspective of death based on what the anonymous viewer believed about this concept. Death, in the mindset of this play’s playwright takes on several roles in mankind’s existence and relationship with God.  Death, in the play ‘everyman’ appears to be have more of an active role than a passive one where it is signified as a stage marking the end of life on earth. This  can be compared to the belief that people have in the ‘grim reaper’ since this is the only other example of death taking on a personified role. The different roles that death plays are brought out through the dialogue that exists between it and God as well as the dialogues it has with everyman (Cohn, 2015).

The manner in which the author views death helps to bring out the roles that death played in the playwright of the author. The dialogue in this play paints death as a servant of God as well as his messenger to humanity. Death is the common denominator and this means that it makes all men equal at the time of their judgment. Death is also a moralist for humanity in the author’s point of view. Death serves to give man vital life lessons, a catalyst for chance and also an executor of God’s punishments on  earth. In the paragraphs below, these different roles of death will be expounded upon (King, 2014).

The role of death as God’s messenger is seen at the start of the play. At the beginning of the play, death is having a conversation with God as the latter laments about how much he is disappointed in mankind. God tells death that mankind is out of control and the reason for this is the lack of accountability for their actions is the lack of consequences. God further proceeds to suggest that this lack of accountability and obedience comes from the fact that humans are not conscious about what will happen to them after they pass on, that is heaven or hell as the final fate for humanity. Death listens keenly and it appears that the way he works is based on what God feels about people. This is the first illustration that death is not merely a passive stage. His relationship with God can be compared tot he relationships that angels have with God as detailed in scriptures. The proximity and the context of the conversation closely mirrors the conversation that God has with angels in several Bible stories such as prior to the tormenting of Job and also during creation. This dialogue therefore foreshadows the role that death plays in the perspective of the playwright (Barnow, 2012).

Death also plays the role of a common denominator for all humanity. Given the heavy use of allegory in this play, it is safe to assume that the main character, everyman, represented humanity and not really a specific single individual. Death is sent to everyman to teach him a lesson, this refers to the profound reactions and thoughts that people have when they come face to face with the issue of their mortality. When death comes close to a person, it is normal for them to think about themselves, for example when they are at a funeral or similar gathering. The reason why death is seen as humanity’s common denominator is the fact that it catalyzes the process of separating people with their material possessions and wealth, leaving them all equal before their final judgment. In the context of the play this is seen by death informing everyman that he will take away. The material possessions that death strove to take away from everyman were goods and knowledge. These were also personified as human-like characters. Goods refer to all forms of wealth that an individual would gather during their time on earth while knowledge was more or less the same as intellect that an individual gathered while on earth. These two are apparently really important to everyman and this is indicative of the importance they have to humanity. Material possessions and knowledge are considered to be important since they are the things that determine the worth of an individual while he or she is on earth. Death gets rid of this hegemony that exists between people by ensuring man is separated from the two. Once this happens, people get to leave the earth as equals without the ability to gain unfair leverage above their counterparts on earth. This appears to be one of the main role death plays in the lives of humanity. God talks about humans in a manner that suggests that they are feeling invincible and beyond reproach for their actions. As such death is sent to reset the status quo and place it in a manner that God desires it where humans focus on what is actually important (Gilman, 1989).

In Death’s work of resetting the status-quo, it also plays another role. This role is that of revealing to humanity what is actually important in this life and beyond. This aspect of death’s work in humanity’s existence is seen in the grace-period he gives everyman, a chance for him to make his life right before his life on earth comes to an end. From the author’s point of view, the issue of death is meant to give lessons to humanity, not just the dying buy humanity in general, people need to realize that there is a bigger picture than what they can see in their immediate environment. God sends death because everyman is short sighted in the things he values. The authors may likely have seen this in his own society, people prioritizing things that are selfish and not really of any value in a spiritual context. When people witness death, hear of it or just think of it, it makes them think twice about their own existence and what they are currently doing in their lives and how this will reflect on their existences after death. This was done in a context where Christianity was the main if not only form of faith in England. As such these people believed in heaven or hell with the former being a place for those who lived a virtuous life and the latter being a place where sinners got punished. Within the strict context of the play, sinners would have been those who held close to goods and knowledge at the expense of good deeds. Good deeds as the only friend who everyman had vaguely refers to the fact that one’s ascension into heaven was pegged on not just refraining from sin but actively engaging in positive actions.

Last but not least, death appears to be the determinant of a person’s fate in terms of the final judgment that he or she will be subjected to at the end of their lives. In the play death does not instantly go to take the life of everyman. His conversation with man begins with somewhat of an introduction and this leads to their having a conversation. During the conversation death makes man aware of the fate awaiting him. The other friends of man, virtues and vices such as the love for wealth and knowledge are given an opportunity to reveal their true nature and worth for everyman before he dies. Good deeds are also given a chance to reveal themselves and give man a chance to take them seriously and to heart. Death had the option of immediately taking the life of man but instead he gives man a chance to actually purge the vices and embrace virtues. In this regard death appears to have used some form of discretion instead of being as harsh and scary as humanity believes. This however also means that death had the option and ability to take the lives of other people without giving them a chance  to make their ways right (Potter, 1975)

From the above it is clear that the creative use of allegory by the anonymous playwright of this play helps tremendously in painting death in more than one dimension. The verbal interaction between death and other characters in the play is significant in that it gives the audience a chance to see the different roles and attributes of death not previously thought about. Death appears to do God’s bidding when it comes to the relation between humanity and the concept of mortality. The main character and possible the audience all get to learn about the importance of being deliberate about good deeds as well as being weary about the perils of loving wealth too much.

References

Anonymous (n.d.) Everyman

Potter, R. A. (1975). The English Morality Play: Origins, History, and Influence of a Dramatic Tradition. Routledge.

Gilman, D. (1989). Everyman & company: essays on the theme and structure of the European moral play (Vol. 15). Ams Pr Inc.

Barnouw, A. J. (2012). The Mirror of salvation: a moral play of Everyman C. 1490 (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.

King, P. M. (2014). Rules of exchange in mediaeval plays and play manuscripts. Literature as Dialogue: Invitations offered and negotiated, 22, 177.

Cohn, R. (2014). Just Play: Beckett’s Theater. Princeton University Press.

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Ulysses BY ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON Analysis

Ulysses BY ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON
   Ulysses BY ALFRED, LORD                     TENNYSON

Ulysses BY ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON Analysis

Order Instructions:

POETRY ESSAY INSTRUCTIONS

Write a 750-word essay that analyzes the poem below.

One of the pages has to be the thesis and outline to use to organize your ideas. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using current APA format.

POEM:
Ulysses
BY ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON

http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174659

SAMPLE ANSWER

Analysis of Ulysses

Plan/Outline

Thesis Statement

Introduction

Summary

Discussion of audiences, and the accompanying theme

The reader as the audience, and the accompanying theme

The mariners as the audience, and the accompanying theme

Himself as the audience and the theme in this stage

Conclusion

Thesis Statement

The poem Ulysses features a monologue by Ulysses, the king and his verbalizing of thoughts he has about his relationship with his current responsibilities, as husband to an ailing wife, father to a capable heir to the throne, leader of a group of mariners who he adventures with and finally as the leader of a nation he feels is not performing as per its current potential. This poem stands out because all of this information is conveyed exclusively through the dialogue by the persona, Ulysses. Ulysses appears to be a man in a multidimensional dilemma with each parameter involved being of great importance and this is aggravated by the fact that he feels he is running out of time and has to make a decision about what to do whether to honor his obligation to his wife, the people he rules over or to his spirit of adventure.

Ulysses to his ailing wife

At the start of the poem the speaker starts by complaining about the fact that he is confined to his home taking care of his wife whose health is not doing well. He has been with his wife for a long time and now that she is ill, he is obligated to stay at home and oversee whatever care she gets as well as any other specific request there is. While this is very important, he quickly. His problem is not that he has to take care of his wife, his biggest problem is that he is rather still at home and believes that this is making him waste away as well. For him, progress and survival during travels are the things that help to keep one ‘fit’ (Jump, 2013).

Himself as the audience

As stated above, this is a monologue and this essentially means that he can hear everything that is being said. There are however specific sections of the speech he gives that address him as the target of the words being spoken. These are of course being done within the context of the larger monologue. When he is talking to himself, he is addressing his intensely strong desire to travel and adventure as he has done most of his life. He feels that this is the only way he gets to actually live life and be productive. The fact that life at home is sedentary without new challenges appears to bore him and make him feel irrelevant. This is seen in the way he addresses the people he leads as ‘unarmed’ suggesting that he is somewhat bored by the continuous and uneventful peace, the lack of arms suggesting the presence of a sustained tranquility in the area. He has to address himself as he feels that these travels are the only way his life gets to have some meaning. This is perhaps an effort to justify his decision to leave his ailing wife. He is of the strong belief that these travels have made him the man he is and he therefore needs to remain loyal to them (Faas, 2014).

Ulysses to the people being ruled

Given that his possible travel is bound to take him away from his duty as the king for a long time and possibly for eternity, he owes the people he is ruling an explanation and also a reassurance that they will be in good hands when he is away. He introduces Telemachus, his son as an able successor. He further goes ahead to describe the leadership qualities the son has, coupled with the virtues he is known to hold. This appears to be an informal handing over and resignation to the fact that he has resolved to travel the seas for the rest of his life. He says that this will be his work while the son does the work of ruling the isle (Tennyson, n.d.).

Ulysses message to the Mariners

As the monologue draws to a close, Ulysses talks to the mariners who are the sailors he traveled the seas with. He reminds them of all the adventures they have had together and this appears to be somewhat of a pitch given the fact that they have also aged and are weary.

The king is desperate to hold on to and maximize on whatever life he has left inside of him. While he has some other serious obligations to attend to, it is evident that he feels there is more to life than the glamour of being a king. It seems like he spent most a great of his life giving to others and never really got a chance to enjoy it for himself. He is almost at the end of his life and deeply desires a chance to do what he loves most, travel the seas, adventure and enjoy his existence to the maximum (Tate, 2012).

Reference

Faas, E. (2014). Retreat into the Mind: Victorian Poetry and the Rise of Psychiatry. Princeton University Press.

Jump, J. D. (2013). Lord Alfred Tennyson: the critical heritage. Routledge.

Tate, G. P. (2012). The Last Lines of’Ulysses’. Tennyson Research Bulletin, 10(1), 66-70.

Tenison, A (n.d.) Ulysses

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The Coca-Cola company Print advertisement

The Coca-Cola company Print advertisement
The Coca-Cola company Print advertisement

The Coca-Cola company Print advertisement

Order Instructions:

please use relevant ads from adsoftheworld.com, www.luerzersarchive.net? or www.coloribus.com and such websites

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

The primary purpose of this paper is to identify two print advertisements of a product of choice. In this case, I will use Coca-Cola Company that targets two different consumers in the market according to this study. The paper therefore, seeks to determine the positioning of the product in the market and the segmentation of the company’s products. Also included in the paper will be an analysis of the target market of the company’s advertisements and their effectiveness in communicating the message to its intended audiences.

Part A 

The Positioning of the Products in the Advertisements

The Coca-Cola company has been in the soft drink industry for quite a period, with this achieved through an approach that seeks to keep the company’s position safely. The company has formally taken the privilege of drawing its strength globally since its products are known in the entire world through an efficient marketing strategy.[1] In accordance to the ads detailed in the appendix, it is evident that the company pays its attention to the cultural and social attributions in the society as a strategy of positioning its products.

The first add gives a depiction of an image that relates well with youths who would want their names registered on the Coke bottles for a proposal of marriage. The company has in the second image used a social interaction as a possibility of sharing its product, a factor that depicts the approach in using the social platform as an avenue to position its product globally and locally.

According to the two images, it is critical to note that the positioning is different. This is in consideration of the fact that experiences, and personal preferences of individuals may differ in accordance to their different localities.[2] Marketers therefore make the products positioning different to meet the individual needs of each customers and for the benefit of the company. This remains the key element that has kept its positioning in the market, a factor that has supportedthe company’s profitability and effectiveness.
The Five Bases of Segmentations Utilized

Market segmentation according to sources is an approach used by marketers in dividing a market into groups or rather segments to suit the different needs of customers who exhibit similar purchasing behaviors. In our case, Coca-Cola in segmenting the market acknowledges its various buyers by developing a different marketing mix.[3] Through a mass marketing approach, the company uses a marketing approach that treats the market as a total whole by providing its Coke products for the buyers in the market. Through market segmentation, the company is in a position of targeting different groups of customers through an approach that adapts the product to suit the targeted segment. This example can, therefore, be depicted in the ads since they focus on;

Geographic Base;

In both the ads, it is evident that the setting of the region is urbanized, thus giving the illusion that the company has segmented its product to the urban population.

Demographic Base;

In this, the ads depict a certain age and genders.[4] The first ad gives the illusion of a young man proposing to a lady upon the putting of his name on the coke bottle. In the second ad, there are two intellectual men of young age sharing their possibilities through indulging in the company’s products.

The Target Market within the Advertisements

It is critical to determine that Coca-Cola primarily targets the whole market rather than particular sections of the population. However, this does not typically mean that the company has not a differentiation strategy to meet the needs of the whole market. In the ads, it is notable that the company has introduced a diet coke as a segment of its different products.[5] Through this, the consumers, young in nature are given the privilege of writing their names on the bottles, a factor that is enhancing the buying power of the young population. The diet coke according to the image is a product also designed for people who would not want to take too much sugars and calories, thus making it acceptable to different people in the targeted market.

On the second ad, the company has also developed an approach to working smart through giving an illusion of intellectual young men sharing a coke over a chat. This ad gives the impression that Coca-Cola Company seems popular within the young generation who would share possibilities through a drink.[6] Both the ads, therefore, provide the company’s target groups the privilege of choosing what they want, especially for the people who would not want to drink much sugar. This makes diet coke the option for such consumers.

The Effectiveness of Communication in the Ads

According to the two ads, it is critical to determine that the advertisers have effectively communicated the message to their target audiences. The ads have well-detailed information giving the consumers the necessary knowledge they need to know about the products. The diet coke ad enables different customers also to have their preferences acknowledged by the company, a factor that would promote the buying power of the targeted audience.[7] However, it is essential; to determine the fact that the advertisers did not include the products prices in the ads, a factor that may challenge their audience in determining the prices of the products.

Part B

Stimulus Generalization

It is critical to mention that some private labels and brands often mimic the trade dress of other leading market brands. This is how stimulus generalization occurs with the features linked to the leading manufacturers brands generalized as a private-label. An instance of this can be depicted in a positive relationship that involves a pleasurable feeling for certain products in the market that can be steered by another product that is identical to an original brand.[8] The main reason for copying of other brands is to increase a company’s sales through a parallel response given by customers who perceive the product has the same individuality similar to the original product. The primary objective of using this approach remains in the fact that it enhances the projection of one brand to others.

How the Concept of Stimulus Generalization Has Been Used

Otherwise known as copycat branding, the stimulus generalization enables manufacturers to get opportunities of developing product packages that are in a way similar to that of a leading brand in the market. Manufacturer’s for that used the visual cues such as size, shape, color and image of the main brand that attracts consumer’s attention within the marketplace.[9] It is, therefore, essential to note that the stimulus generalization approach has mainly been used in:

  1. 1. Family Branding;

I this, several products capitalize on the reputation of another manufacturing companies name. Companies such as Campbell, Heinz, Google, Virgin, and General Electric rely on various corporate brands to sell their products.[10]

  1. 2. Licensing;

This approach allows well-known brands in the market to rent names.[11] This approach has gained fame in the market today since many marketers link their products and services with the already established brands.

  1. Product-Line Extension;

In this, related products are inclusively added to an already established brand. This can be depicted in Dole, which mainly deals in fruits and was in a position to incorporate refrigeration juices and juice bars while Sun-Maid included raising bread from raisins.[12]

  1. Look-alike Packaging;

Through this approach, distinctive packaging designs are created in strong associations with particular brands. This method is primarily utilized by the makers of generic brands and who wish to communicate a quality image by inducing the similar packages of a leading brand.[13] The imitation of successful brands is an approach that is likely to occur in a crowded market environment.

According to this study, it is evident to note that the attitudes and behaviors that are mainly conditioned to a particular brand may be transferred to another product into a similar category and name as well as other products with the same name but of a different group. To demonstrate this in an example, Wal-Mart opened its functions as an organized retail store for multibrand.[14] As soon as the brand was registered in the consumer’s heads and recognized in the market, the company developed a private label for the parallel and the unparallel merchandises, a factor that saw a similar response from their consumers who purchased these products from the company’s stores.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Copying From an Original Brand

In this study, the quality and performance of a brand in the market remains one of the essential factors in spurring the process of stimulus generalization. It is therefore, essential to determine that companies can either be advantaged or disadvantaged in the copying of their brands. This is ostensible from the fact that the quality of a brand determines the consumer’s interest in the brands.[15] In the event that the quality of a copied product is lower than that of the original brand, the consumers are likely to exhibit a positive feeling towards the original product, a factor that benefits the brand manufacturer.

However, in any case the quality of the two competitors turns out to be equal, consumers are likely to consider the pricing premium they pay for an original brand and choose to purchase the copied product. In this, it is, therefore, essential to note that the consumers association with a product can be influenced by their belief in a product.[16] A company’s reputation, therefore, plays a role in creating a strong impact on brand evaluations.

It is empirical to mention that the strategic benefits of stimulus generalization may outweigh the advantages within the confines of strategic marketing. In my view, the stimulus generalization is likely to present itself with the opportunities of an open economy[17] that is offered by different markets.

In as much as the market is not only limited to a single brand, the main disadvantage evident in this case is in the challenges that consumers face in making a choice. In the case that a customer is not pleased with a chosen version of products, they have the liberty to pick another product with a similar brand name.[18] Some companies will therefore never get out of business once they get hold of the marketing concept of establishing their ventures as brand names.

Similarities and Differences between the Two Products

The images attached in the appendix of this paper give two principal products; Nescafe and Sainsbury’s full roast. The table below depicts the similarities and differences between the two products with Nescafe being the original brand.

Similarities Differences
1.Same Content between the two products 1. Dis-similar shape on container or packaging
2. Same color of container used in packaging 2. Dis-similar lead color used in covering the content of the package.
3. Same container size and shape 3. Different visual cue.
4. Same Label coloring 4. Different brand names.

Through the use of visual cues, shape, color, and size of an established brand, consumers are at times attracted to such private labels within a shopping environment, a factor that makes the private-label products generated by the original brand in the market.

WhetherCopying Bring Benefits or Harm to Consumers

Copying a brand can generally displace other brands in the market which as second or third in market share thus reducing the nature of innovative products, a factor that reduces the choices of consumers.[19] It is therefore, essential to note that some of these products may be harmful to consumers since they give the users no reassurance of consistent quality since the qualities of the products may vary.

The branded originals give the consumers an assurance that the quality of the manufactures products purchased is compatible. At times, consumers may be influenced by the prices of the copied products but the quality may be a challenge, thus causing more harm than gain. However, in some cases, copying can be beneficial to the consumers in the event that the product meets the exact demands of the consumer and is compatible with the original brand.[20] This may, however, be a challenge to the brand manufacturers since the copied brand may turn out to be a competitor. In this, the customers will, therefore, determine the price variances in purchasing these products.

Strategies to Counter Copying

Copying other brands has some negative implications to the marketers. In cases where copying is a free ride, the markets encounter challenges on reduced incentives that allows them to invest and compete on quality that impacts consumers.[21] Copying therefore damages the reputation of brand manufacturers and their abilities to earn fair returns on their innovative ventures. In order to counter the element of copying, it is essential that laws are established within a country to protect the rights of the brand manufactures.

Marketers can therefore register their trademarks including their logos as a strategy to the infringement of their brands. It is also essential for marketers of well-established brands to encourage their consumers to discriminate against the buying of cheap imitations since the products are note up to their expectations.[22] In this, some marketers have adopted a strategy called the masked branding that hides a product’s true origin, a factor that mitigates the chances of consumers from experiencing the same conditioned response.

 Conclusion

The study has therefore established the market positioning and segmentation approaches used by Coca-Cola in the ads. Through this paper, I have also determined the prospects of stimulus generalization as employed in the market and how to regulate a manufacturer’s brand from infringements that come with copying.

References

Ali Sair, Shrafat. 2014. “Consumer Psyche and Positioning Strategies.” Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences 8, no. 1: 58-73. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 11, 2015).

Eisend, Martin. 2015. “Have We Progressed Marketing Knowledge? A Meta-Meta-Analysis of Effect Sizes in Marketing Research.” Journal of Marketing 79, no. 3: 23-40. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 11, 2015).

Hakhshir, Ghassan. “Positioning Strategies Development.” Annals of the University Of Oradea, Economic Science Series 23, no. 1 (July 2014): 979-988. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 11, 2015).

Hong-Youl, Ha. 2011. “Brand Equity Model and Marketing Stimuli.” Seoul Journal Of Business 17, no. 2: 32-60. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 11, 2015).

Till, Brian D., and Randi Lynn Priluck. 2000. “Stimulus Generalization in Classical Conditioning: An Initial Investigation and Extension.” Psychology & Marketing 17, no. 1: 55-72. Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed September 11, 2015).

Appendix

PART A

PART B

[1] .Hakhshir, Ghassan. “Positioning Strategies Development.” Annals of the University Of Oradea, Economic Science Series 23, no. 1 (July 2014): 979-988.

[2] . Ibid. 1

[3]. Ibid. 2

[4] . Ali Sair, Shrafat. 2014. “Consumer Psyche and Positioning Strategies.” Pakistan Journal of Commerce & Social Sciences 8, no. 1: 58-73.

[5] . Ibid. 3

[6] . Ibid. 4

[7] . Ibid. 5

[8] . Hong-Youl, Ha. 2011. “Brand Equity Model and Marketing Stimuli.” Seoul Journal Of Business 17, no. 2: 32-60.

[9] .   Ibid. 6

[10] . Ibid. 7

[11] . Ibid. 8

[12] . Ibid. 9

[13] . Eisend, Martin. 2015. “Have We Progressed Marketing Knowledge? A Meta-Meta-Analysis of Effect Sizes in Marketing Research.” Journal of Marketing 79, no. 3: 23-40.

[14] . Ibid. 10

[15] . Ibid. 11

[16] . Ibid. 12

[17] . Ibid. 13

[18] . Ibid. 14

[19] . Ibid. 15

[20] . Till, Brian D., and Randi Lynn Priluck. 2000. “Stimulus Generalization in Classical Conditioning: An Initial Investigation and Extension.” Psychology & Marketing 17, no. 1: 55-72.

[21]. Ibid. 16

[22] . Ibid. 17

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Learning theories Research Paper Available

Learning theories
                          Learning theories

Learning theories

Order Instructions:

This Key Concept Exercise asks you to consider how learning theory can be used practically to help organisations design effective learning interventions.

For this Key Concept Exercise, you begin to analyse a number of definitions of learning and evaluate and critique theories of learning.
To prepare for this Key Concept Exercise:

•Consider the specific examples of theories and definitions of learning.

•Consider the and ragogical perspective in this discussion (as opposed to a child-focused, pedagogical approach) and the emphasis on learning that makes employees and their organisations more effective.

To complete this Key Concept Exercise:

In an approximately 550-word response, address the following issues/questions:

•Analyse at least two learning theories.

•Use specific examples of theories and definitions of learning and how they can be applied in an organisational context.

•In formulating your Key Concept Exercise, consider the following issues questions:

o How can learning theory help us to understand how organisations can design learning that maximises employee performance and adds value to the business?

o Which learning theory or theories connect most closely with your own personal views of how learning occurs?

o How is learning viewed in your organisation? How does this view connect with learning theory?

o How does theory help shape and influence practice in general?

o What elements of learning theory would you recommend your organisation draw on in order to make learning and development more effective?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Learning theories

Cognitive apprenticeship theorizes a process in which a skilled master teaches an apprentice to acquire the skill in question. The theory was developed upon recognition that most skill masters often overlook the implicit process necessary for learners to carry out the skills taught (Rosenheck, 2010, p. 18). Cognitive apprenticeships thereby aim at opening up the tacit processes by allowing students to observe, perform and practice as guided by the teacher in order for them to reproduce the skill accurately. To promote this, the learner is required to have access to skills, maintain attention and have learning motivation (Chan, Miller and Monroe, 2009, p. 37).

In a work environment, cognitive apprenticeship is likely to yield positive income in terms of skill execution. This is more so where learning is done in the work setting to allow learners to exercise the skills acquired practically. Rosenheck (2010, p. 18) notes that on-job training yields better results because best practices can be taught and exercised, while poor practices can be corrected real time. The practical experience ensures that individuals can repeat the tasks easily and thus creates better outcome.

The theory of transformative learning is highly popular in matters related to adult education, with users emphasizing the need to make frames of reference more inclusive, reflective and open in order to promote learning-induced change. Transformational learning involves expansion of the learners’ frame of mind from basic world view to more critical assessment of issues and underlying premises (Hodge, 2014, p. 165-166)

Transformational learning has great potential in improving productivity at the work place. In order for this theory to be effective in the work place, Sammut (2014, p. 39-40) suggests the use of work integrated learning; which creates social cultural experiences that trigger interpretation, knowledge formation and meanings. Transformation based on teams is further considered more effective, due to their ability to transform frames of reference.

In my view, the theory that closely connects to how I view learning is cognitive apprenticeship. I believe that learning is a process and that knowledge acquired can only be translated into practical outcomes once it has been assimilated. This theory is realistic in that it recognizes that practical learning is more effective than theoretical learning because it helps an individual learn in the work settings (Rosenheck, 2010, p. 20).

In my organization, learning is considered as highly individualized; in that each person has a different learning capability. Depending on the strengths and weaknesses of individuals, measures are taken to ensure that each individual acquires the required skills. Connecting this to the learning theory, cognitive apprenticeship has constantly been used to ensure that staff learn from the leader through observation, ratification and practice.

Recommendations

In order to make learning and development more effective, it is important for the management to identify the perspective of learning adopted in order to determine the possible impact. Various perspectives including the behaviorist, social learning, cognitive and human perspectives yield different results and based on the need of the organization, the management should choose a perspective that best suits the situation (Sammut, 2014, p. 51). Behaviorist perspectives for example focus on individual response to environmental stimuli and would be most relevant for reward-based motivational settings. Cognitive perspectives on the other hand are more applicable where skill development is the focus of the organization.

Choosing the right mode of learning determines the outcome of the organization’s learning goals, hence the need to choose a method that assures effective transfer and internalization of skills. This is best achieved through practical and on-job training as in cognitive apprenticeship.  It is argued that where learners are taught away from the real work context, cognitive apprenticeship would not be as effective; hence the need to create real situational learning to promote outcome (Chan, Miller and Monroe, 2009, p. 36).

References

Chan, P, Miller, R, & Monroe, E 2009, ‘Cognitive Apprenticeship as an Instructional Strategy for Solving Corporate Training Challenges’, Techtrends: Linking Research & Practice To Improve Learning, 53, 6, pp. 35-41, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 September 2015. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=a8c383f8-a67b-4ace-8af8-b86fff50e5a4%40sessionmgr4002&vid=1&hid=4202

Hodge, S 2014, ‘Transformative Learning as an “Inter-Practice” Phenomenon’, Adult Education Quarterly, 64, 2, pp. 165-181, Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 September 2015. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=1ae47ae3-9cc0-4972-b8c1-8f461e5dcaf1%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4202

Rosenheck, M 2010, ‘Navigating the Interactive Workplace’, Chief Learning Officer, 9, 5, pp. 18-21, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 September 2015. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4666d363-5663-4f9a-8c67-15e2452523a8%40sessionmgr4001&vid=1&hid=4202

Sammut, K 2014, ‘Transformative learning theory and coaching: Application in practice’, International Journal Of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, pp. 39-53, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 September 2015. Retrieved from http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=e19db7bd-1ede-4cf0-a283-ed29943fe7a2%40sessionmgr4005&vid=1&hid=4202

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Non-financial segments of total reward

Non-financial segments of total reward
    Non-financial segments of total reward

Non-financial segments of total reward

Order Instructions:

Identify three nonfinancial segments of total reward and discuss how each could be implemented, especially across cultures or within a local multicultural labour pool.

What challenges might managers face in implementing such segments?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

Reward remains a significant element in the management of employees. It is therefore essential to determine that a review of the reward objectives should be in line with the objectives of an organization in the same manner as key businesses such as administration, IT, finance, and marketing(Bussin, & van Rooy, pp. 27-35.2014). This paper therefore seeks to identify the three nonfinancial segments of total reward and the manner in which they are implemented including the challenges associated in implementing these segments.

Three Non-financial Segments of Total Reward

Rewards according to sources are positive and are only provided based on the success of an employee as manifested within the levels of performance within or aboard the expectations of an organizations supervisor. Rewards are basically presented as positive reinforcers to encourage employees in continuing in their efforts to perform well within a work environment(Bussin, & Rooy, pp. 27-35.2014).

The employees who receive the rewards get a psychological of economic benefit. The superiors within the organization giving the rewards therefore increase the performance levels that are manifested in terms of higher productivity for better profits within the organization. The nonfinancial segments of total reward are therefore rewards that are non-monetary in nature and include;

Appraisal; In this, the employees are primarily recognized for their deeds and are encouraged to achieve their maximum potential through a process of effective learning and development that translates into an increased performance. This form of reward is simple and costs not a penny (Rumpel, & Medcof, pp. 27-35. 2006). This can be implemented within an organization when the management takes time in acknowledging the performances of its workers with the aim of encouraging them to achieve more.

Promotions; In this instance, employees are promoted to higher positions for their hard work. In as much as this approach may seem to come with some financial benefit, some employees can be promoted to some ranks without any financial gain (Rumpel, & Medcof, pp. 27-35. 2006). However, implementing this reward system may be challenging since many cultures believe that promotions are given on the basis of the length of stay of stay within an organization and not on performance. Organizations can therefore implement this by ensuring that promotions are based on performances.

Vouchers and Gifts; Besides the appraisals, companies can choose to reward by offering their employees vouchers and gifts to attend particular events, or for holidays and shopping for their efforts (Gross, Bundy, & Johnson, pp. 11-17.2011). This can be implemented by initiating an approach where potential employees are sported and the HRM decides on what is awarded.

Challenges in Implementation

It is critical to denote that there are challenges that come in implementing these reward systems. These challenges include;

Developing a Credible Assessment Guideline;

It is critical to note that sometimes instilling fairness in these schemes may be a challenge for organizations (Gross, Bundy, & Johnson, pp. 11-17.2011). This therefore requires that the processes involved in rewarding employees are credible and transparent.

Cultural Fit;

The manner in which some cultures perceive reward systems may at times conflict. This therefore makes the understanding of the reward systems within a cultural fit turn out to be a challenge for organizations.

Defining the Value of the Scheme;

The reward schemes may be considered efficient when they include all the staff. However, such inclusions may turn out challenging for managers since it becomes difficult to watch the employees closely.

Conclusion

It is therefore significant to determine that the most adopted reward system is the use of vouchers and appraisals by companies (Kwon, & Hein, pp. 32-38.2013). The fact that there are no monetary benefits in these reward systems makes it easier to initiate in an organization. However, challenges may accrue in the implementation of these systems especially in different cultural settings.

References

Bussin, M, & van Rooy, D 2014, ‘Total rewards strategy for a multi-generational workforce in a financial institution’, South African Journal Of Human Resource Management, 12, 1, pp. 1-11, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 September 2015.

Rumpel, S, & Medcof, J 2006, ‘TOTAL REWARDS: GOOD FIT FOR TECH WORKERS’, Research Technology Management, 49, 5, pp. 27-35, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 September 2015.

Gross, S, Bundy, K, & Johnson, R 2011, ‘The ongoing integration of total rewards’, Employment Relations Today (Wiley), 37, 4, pp. 11-17, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 September 2015.

Kwon, J, & Hein, P 2013, ‘Employee Benefits in a Total Rewards Framework’, Benefits Quarterly, 29, 1, pp. 32-38, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 September 2015.

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Non-financial segments of total reward

Non-financial segments of total reward
             Non-financial segments of total reward

Non-financial segments of total reward that managers may face challenges in implementing

Order Instructions:

Identify three nonfinancial segments of total reward and discuss how each could be implemented, especially across cultures or within a local multicultural labour pool.

What challenges might managers face in implementing such segments?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Non-financial segments of total reward

HR.W5.DISC

Introduction

Gaining a competitive edge in the markets requires organizations to have competent employees. Retaining these employees require these organizations to develop appropriate reward systems. Providing intrinsic and extrinsic rewards as part of the total reward motivate employees, and even increase their productivity. Providing nonfinancial rewards has also been proven to motivate employees and improve their level of performance. The paper identifies three non-financial segments, discusses their implementation across cultures or local multicultural labour, and deliberates on potential challenges that managers may face implementing these segments.

Non-financial reward

Apart from financial rewards such as salaries, and bonuses, employees as well require non-financial rewards for them to execute their duties well. Nature of these rewards may vary from one organization to another depending on the size and the organizational culture (Phoenix 2006, p. 3). For instance, form of recognitions that employee appreciates depend on the organizational culture. The three major forms of non-financial segments of total reward include promotion/nomination, gifts/vouchers, and lastly appraisal.

Implementation of these rewards across cultures

It is important to consider cultural backgrounds and orientation of employees when providing them with non-financial rewards. This is because; they have different orientation and socialization that play a critical role in their motivation. Appraisal is one of the non-financial rewards employees require to be motivated to remain committed to the organization (Kristiani, Sumarwan, Yuliati & Saefuddin 2014 p. 113). This form of reward is through simple personal acknowledgement by the management, appreciating and recognizing the exemplary performance of employees. This reward system requires implementation across the organization. The management should remain conscious about the input of their employees by always thanking them and encouraging them whenever they perform well. Employees feel loved and cherished when recognized and appreciated. It is however, important to be aware of conflicts ensuing, especially when a single individual is appraised continuously. This may as well lead to unhealthy internal competition. When implementing this reward system, is import to factor the aspect of culture. Employees come from varied cultures and the meaning ascribed to this form of reward may vary (Michael 2004, p. 2). Some may require closer attention and appreciation when they make a smaller progress while other may not want so.

Organizations can also give employees gifts and vouchers to attend shows, holidays and go shopping as a strategy to appreciate their efforts (Chiang & Birtch 2012, p. 538). Implementing this form of reward requires managers to identify cultures of employees to give gifts that rhyme with their beliefs, and value system. For instance, when employees excel, it is important to give them gifts that resonate with their value and belief system.

Organizations as well use promotions/nominations to motivate their employees apart from appraisal and gifts. Implementation of promotion is also a sensitive issue especially, in an organization with multicultural labour force or in an entity with employees from diverse cultural background. The strategy when implementing this is to ensure fairness by ensuring that employees from various cultures are put into consideration. An approach to promotion will also vary across cultures. For instance in Japanese culture, promotion is based on the length of stay in an organization as opposed to western cultures where an individual is promoted based on their level of performance.

Potential challenges in implementation

Managers when implementing these reward segments experience a number of challenges. One is defining the value of the scheme as it becomes difficult for the manager to include all staffs because they cannot maintain close watch on all these staffs especially, in multinational corporations. Hence, good performing employees maybe ignored. Ensuring fairness, transparency, and credibility in the process of offering these rewards may be a challenge. Another challenge is cultural fit, as it becomes challenging for managers to align rewards with cultures, values or belief systems of employees (Michael, 2004). This causes conflicts and affects performance of employees.

 Conclusion

It is evident that indeed non-financial segments such as promotions, gifts, and appraisals can be adopted by organizations to motivate employees. Organizations however, need to remain conscious about cultural diversities of employees when providing these rewards. There are as well challenges that managers must deal with to ensure smooth implementation of these rewards

Reference list

Chiang, F, & Birtch, T 2012, ‘The Performance Implications of Financial and Non-Financial          Rewards: An Asian Nordic Comparison’, Journal Of Management Studies, 49, 3, pp. 538-     570, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 September 2015.

Kristiani, E, Sumarwan, U, Yuliati, L, & Saefuddin, A 2014, ‘The Role of Relational Reward       Benefits for Developing the Non-Financial Value of a Customer to an Organization:      Structural Equation Modeling Approach’, Gadjah Mada International Journal Of    Business, 16, 2, pp. 111-142, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9            September 2015.

Michael S 2004, ‘Non-financial reward: the most effective recognition?’. Available at:             http://www.employment-studies.co.uk/pdflibrary/mp4.pdf [Accessed on: 9/9/2015]

People Management (2004), ‘Reducing features’, People Management Magazine, 15 july.

Phoenix, T 2006, ‘Rewards Transformation: Understanding the Internal Total Rewards     Marketplace. (cover story)’, Benefits & Compensation Digest, 43, 9, pp. 1-14, Business    Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 September 2015.

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