Category: Writing

Apple International’s Distribution Strategy

 

Apple International’s Distribution Strategy
  Apple International’s Distribution Strategy

Apple International’s Distribution Strategy

Order Instructions:

submit an academic paper that covers the concept of distribution strategy. Choose Apple as the company to provide your analysis.

Your paper should discuss the overall distribution strategy of the company, clearly describe the distribution channels, and why you think the distribution strategy of your company of choice is effective and provides a competitive advantage.

You are to also provide possible alternatives to the companies distribution strategy in light of what you have learned thus far in the course. When providing alternatives, such should be well-founded, and based on appropriate research rather than simply stating an opinion without support.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Apple International’s Distribution Strategy

Introduction

Apple International provides services to a vast pool of consumers. These consumers come from sectors such as education, government, enterprises, and SMB markets. Therefore, there is reason to have a coordinated distribution strategy to ensure that products reach consumers efficiently (Mallin & Finkle, 2011). The distribution strategy used by Apple Inc. combines both concepts of marketing logistics and marketing communications. Therefore, the following discussion will indulge in discussing the distribution strategy used by the Apple Inc. in the move to make profits and achieve customer satisfaction. In addition, the discussion will give recommendations on how the company can best utilize its distribution strategy/channels.

Discussion

Apple Inc. is an American Corporation that deals with designing and marketing consumer electronics, personal computers, and computer software. It has the range of products ranging from iPad, iPhone, and iPod. Through its centrifuged marketing strategies, Apple Inc. has been able to make sure that its customers are satisfied beyond maximum efficiently (Mallin & Finkle, 2011). This correlates to the fact that the distribution medium used by the company ensures that products reach the consumer conveniently. Ina addition, the distribution strategy has enabled the company to create a unique reputation in the overall consumer electronics industry.

The distribution strategy used by the Apple Inc. is meant to counteract intense completion from such players as Google, Microsoft, and other companies (Rimac, Borst & Walid, 2008). In emphasis, the distribution strategy used by Apple Inc. is entirely a selective distribution strategy. This strategy ensures that the company gets the right medium for its distribution. It makes sure that the channel shows a complete combination of effective marketing communication and marketing logistics (Homburg, Vollmayr & Hahn, 2014). In addition, the selective distribution ensures that it exclusively limit market reach. Furthermore, the selective distribution strategy ensures that Apple Inc. control over distribution by authorizing sellers to sell on their behalf. Apple Inc. uses four distribution channels to reach its consumers. These channels range from online stores, retail store, direct sales force, and third-party wholesalers (Sahoo, 2012). The company distributes its products and resells third-party products to most major markets. This ensures that there is a direct selling of products to the consumers.

In addition, the company uses indirect distribution channels to reach its consumers. These channels comprehensively comprise retailers, value-added resellers, and wholesalers who are mainly third-party cellular network stakeholders (Sahoo, 2012). Both direct and indirect distribution strategies are characterized by pros and cons. All the distribution channels are meant to make the company continue to gain competitive advantages in the market. The company has some retail stores. The large network of stores gives the company a major advantage in the distribution (Rimac, Borst & Walid, 2008). Apple Inc. understands the preferences it customers clearly. Thus, its distribution channels are crafted to meet all brand-touch points. The company is increasingly improving its distribution capabilities by opening its retail stores in important cities around the globe (Sahoo, 2012). The retail stores have potential customers have direct experience of the company’s brands. The environment in the stores enables the customer experience a stimulating environment characterized by no-pressure setting that gives them opportunities to discover more about the Apple fraternity. The retail staff is composed of trained and helpful people whose enthusiasm lures customers to come and shop again at the stores. Homburg, Vollmayr & Hahn (2014) argue that distribution is an important ingredient of the marketing mix. It usually takes the place of ‘place’ in the mix.

Online store selling is another form of the direct distribution channel. Through online, there is no presence of intermediaries. The consumers are made to observe the product feature through the Apple Website. In addition, the customer requests and purchase the products selected through online (Sahoo, 2012). These channels are important became it is convenient and cost friendly on the part of the company. This is because it can induce the customer to engage in impulsive buying by just observing features of the products through online efficiently (Mallin & Finkle, 2011). However, this channel has been criticized by Sahoo (2012)to bring shortcomings due to a lot of unnecessary information on the websites that make the customers unable to purchase products and prefer to visit the stores themselves.

The company also uses retailers in the distribution strategy. With the use of retailers’, Apple Inc. ensures that the retailers buy smaller quantities of products from them (Sahoo, 2012). Therefore, this form of indirect distribution channels ensures that the presence of the retailers does not have many costs as compared to when both retailers and wholesalers are present. Using such retailers as Waymart And Best Buy, Apple Inc. is bale to eliminate the presence of wholesalers in the channels (Rimac, Borst & Walid, 2008). This ensures that products reach the final consumer on time, and at the same time, realizing the projected profits by the company.

To improve marketing communication, Apple Inc. uses telecom companies such as Verizon and AT& T to ensure that communication within the distribution channel is enhanced. All the four distribution channels are interconnected with various communication models efficiently (Mallin & Finkle, 2011). This ensures that an emergent information is communicated easily to the retail stores, online stores, retailer, and the wholesalers. It is observed that the telecom companies are also authorized to sell iPhone units.

The company is said to use third-party wholesalers as a part of the distribution strategy. The third-party wholesalers, used by the Apple Inc., offer products to consumers through their businesses. The company usually makes quality products. However, the third-party wholesalers sell these products independently (Samaha, Palmatier, & Dant, 2011). The Apple Inc. is responsible for manufacturing products before they are distributed to their wholesalers. The problem with this channel is that the customer cannot get experienced Apple specialists to assist them with their new products. This, therefore, forces the customers to opt to go to the direct stores where they can get the experienced specialist to advise them on how to use new products. Rimac, Borst & Walid (2008) as companies giving fulfillment services, refers the third-party wholesalers. Apple Inc. uses fulfillment services from firms such as eBay and Amazon.com for Apple Inc to sell their products. The third-party wholesalers ensure that consumers are not supplied by Apple-related products directly, as this type of distribution strategy make products be shipped at least two times (Chu, Chintagunta & Vilcassim, 2007). However, use of a third-party wholesaler is still a convenient way for Apple Inc. to reach its consumer despite the channel associated with certain drawbacks.

Lastly, Apple Inc. uses direct sales forces as one of the distribution channels. The direct sales force gives the customer an experienced technical staff. Observably, for instance, it is easier for a customer to buy two or more computers from Apple. However, it becomes difficult for a company to purchase, for instance, two hundred computers. Therefore, the direct sales force gives the buyers confidence that they are purchasing from the right distributors (Samaha,  Palmatier & Dant, 2011). They deliver the purchased products to the buyer’s premises, in addition to providing consultations to the buyers on how to deal with software and hardware. Notably, the use of direct sales force is a direct form of distribution strategy.

Recommendations

Weaknesses of the selective distribution strategy used by Apple Inc are that it has a policy of exclusivity. This has been approved by the discussion above that Apple Inc. selectively authorizes sellers of its products. Yu, Cadeaux & Song (2013) warn that such an exclusive distribution strategy limits Apple Inc.’s market reach. The second and final recommendations to improve the distribution strategy of Apple Inc. are to ensure the indirect stores have specialized consultants. This move will decrease the number of people avoiding to purchase from the third-party wholesalers to go to the direct stores. Chu, Chintagunta & Vilcassim (2007) argue that congesting customers in one place do not mean improved profits when its subsidiaries have less number of customers visiting the places. Therefore, ensuring that the subsidiaries have consultants and other assisting agents, more customers will buy from the indirect stores thus improving services and services to the corporation.

Conclusion

In summary, it has been observed that Apple Inc. majors in using the selective distribution strategy. This strategy involves the company selecting its authorized retailers. This enables the corporation to leverage its functions. However, this strategy prohibits further market reach. Therefore, Apple Inc. needs to use an inclusive distribution channel to increase its market reach.

References

Chu, J., Chintagunta, P. K., & Vilcassim, N. J. (2007). Assessing the Economic Value of   Distribution Channels: An Application to the Personal Computer Industry. Journal Of   Marketing Research (JMR), 44(1), 29-41. doi:10.1509/jmkr.44.1.29

Homburg, C., Vollmayr, J., & Hahn, A. (2014). Firm Value Creation Through Major Channel       Expansions: Evidence from an Event Study in the United States, Germany, and China.             Journal Of Marketing, 78(3), 38-61. doi:10.1509/jm.12.0179

Mallin, M. L., & Finkle, T. A. (2011). APPLE INC.: PRODUCT PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS.      Journal Of The International Academy For Case Studies, 17(7), 63-74.

Rimac, I., Borst, S., & Walid, A. (2008). Peer-assisted content distribution networks:        performance gains and server capacity savings. Bell Labs Technical Journal (John        Wiley & Sons, Inc.), 13(3), 59-69. doi:10.1002/bltj.20323

Sahoo, D. (2012). Strategic Change of Campaign at Apple Inc. Vidwat: The Indian Journal Of Management, 5(2), 38-48.

Samaha, S. A., Palmatier, R. W., & Dant, R. P. (2011). Poisoning Relationships: Perceived  Unfairness in Channels of Distribution. Journal Of Marketing, 75(3), 99-117.   https://www.doi:10.1509/jmkg.75.3.99

Yu, K., Cadeaux, J., & Song, H. (2013). Distribution Channel Network and Relational Performance: The Intervening Mechanism of Adaptive Distribution Flexibility.  Decision Sciences, 44(5), 915-950. doi:10.1111/deci.12040

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Visiting Local Historical Site Essay Assignment

Visiting Local Historical Site
Visiting Local Historical Site

Visiting Local Historical Site

Order Instructions:

For this assignment, you will visit a local historical site and write a brief (1000 words) paper about it. Your paper should provide a description of the site you are visiting, a historical narrative of the site (i.e., what happened there – was a famous person born there? Was it important during some historical period?), and provide historical context for why the site is important enough to be preserved. In order to provide historical context, you should be able to relate it to important class concepts that you may find in lectures, the textbook, or other readings. No outside research is necessary for this assignment, although if you decide to use information from outside lecture and/or the textbook you should cite it. If you are writing about a recent landmark (created/relevant after 1940), you might want to read ahead.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Visiting Local Historical Site

This paper provides a historical narrative of the Adobe Avila, the historical significance of the adobe and the manner in which it turned out to be a historical monument. The Avila Adobe is attached to various historical happenings, and marks different economic, political, and social changes in the California from the nineteenth century up to the 20th century.

The Avila Adobe is a historical residence built by Francisco Jose Avila in 1818. It is characterized as the oldest standing residence in Los Angeles. Francisco Avila died in 1832, after which his second wife and their two children continued to live in the house.  The house has been registered as California Historical Landmark. The house has its location in the paseo of historical Olvera Street, which is part of a California State Historic Park known as Los Angeles Plaza Historic District. The whole historic district is listed as a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument as well as in the National Register of Historic Places (Office of Historic Preservation).

In 1846, the U.S. declared war on Mexico, whereby the U.S. took control of Alta California. On July 14, 1846, U.S. Navy Commodore landed at Monterey and declared victory over California. The Commodore Robert F. Stockton proceeded to Los Angeles where he declared the city as won over without much struggle. However, the Pueblo de Los Angeles did not capitulate easily and they revolted against the U. S. Navy, which ultimately led them to win the Siege of Los Angeles. In October, the Commodore was compelled to return to the U.S. through San Diego. Following the loss of the Battle of San Pasqual, the Navy moved back toward Los Angeles, whereby they participated in the Battle of Rio San Gabriel in January 1847. Stockton and his team managed to quell the Mexican resistance after two days in the battle, after which they entered the Battle of Mesa.

The news of the advancing U.S. troops resulted to many inhabitants in Pueblo, including Maria Encarnacion, flying away to other places to seek refuge. Encarnacion Avila’s husband had died and she did not have a man to protect her family, so she moved to stay with a nearby relative, leaving her house in the control of a young boy. The young boy had been instructed to ensure that the shutters and the doors were closed. On January 10, 1847, the U.S. troops landed at Pueblo with a marching band fanfare, luring the boy in charge of the Avila Adobe to open the doors. The troops were drawn to the house because of its spaciousness as well as lavish furnishings. Accordingly, they decided to use the Villa as temporary headquarters. Following the end of the hostilities a few weeks later after the signing of the Treaty of Cahuenga, the troops ended up vacating the house (Kielbasa, J. R. Avila Adobe).

In 1850, Avila’s youngest daughter, Francisca, got married to a German native called Theodore Rimpau. Following the death of Encarnacion in 1855, Francisca and her husband stayed in the house up to 1868. The house had grown so old in structure which made the Rimpaus to vacate it. Over the following few years, various family members rented the house. It later turned into a boarding house. An earthquake occurred in 1870, which caused more damage to the structure and caused the house to fall into ruins. Consequently, it was condemned by the City of Los Angeles in 1928 (Office of Historic Preservation).

During the early twentieth century, an English woman called Christine Sterling moved to Los Angeles and immediately took interest in the cultural history of the city. In 1926, Sterling started working on the project to transform the skid row ruin of the old plaza area into a Latin-American cultural center. She sought out the assistance of the Los Angeles Times owner and publisher, Harry Chandler, who produced various articles for purposes of generating public attention to the project and raising funds for restoration. Nevertheless, after two years, the funding recorded miserable failure. Despite the fact that Sterling encountered overwhelming chances and even seemed to lose the cause, when she became aware of the 1928 condemnation of the house, she acted promptly to have an impact on the wrecking ball. After tracking down the ownership of the house, she found out that Miss Sophia Rimpau was the owner, who agreed to rent it to Sterling for a nominal amount. Sterling then called out news reporters to cover a story about the restoration of the adobe and Olvera Street. Through the campaign, Sterling obtained great support and she raised enough funds to purchase the adobe (El Pueblo De Los Angeles).

Florence Dodson de Shoneman was one of Sterling’s benefactors. He was charged with providing furnishings for one whole room in the adobe. Sterling saw to it that necessary renovations were undertaken in order to save the adobe from being demolished. She also went to plead with the city council to rescind the order to demolish the adobe. In addition to the council fulfilling Sterling’s request, the chief of police also extended his help by sending prison inmates to assist in cleaning up the plaza area. The Avila Adobe eventually got restored to its original glory. By March 1930, several transformations had happened to Olvera Street that it was no longer a skid row but a Mexican-style marketplace (Office of Historic Preservation).

Christine Sterling continued to reside in the adobe, although she made it open for student and group tours. The adobe was acquired by the State of California in 1953 and included in the El Publo de Los Angeles Historic Park. Sterling maintained her residence until her demise in 1963. The adobe sustained several major damages following the 1971 Sylmar earthquake. The city council closed the house in the bid to achieve a five-year, $120,00o restoration plan. A memorial of Christine Sterling was set up at the rear of the adobe. Up to date, the adobe has been open to tours since 1976.

The Avila Adobe house is now a historic house museum. From the large house it used to be, it now only has seven rooms left. Through restoration, it has been possible to come up with an idea of what the original house used to look like. The family room was the largest, with a general area for social gathering, entertainment and dining. The major business hub was Francisco’s office room. The living room was a spacious room reserved for special occurrences such as baptism or wedding. The other rooms included a kitchen, a sleeping quarter for the parents and another for their daughters. The courtyard was used for cooking, while sanitation was also outdoors. Most of the original adobe’s furnishings were outsourced from countries involved in Avila trading (Estrada, 2009). When I visited the site, noticed that the structural walls of the adobe were comprised of sun baked adobe brick, with a thickness of about 2 feet. The adobe was surrounded by shops and restaurants to serve the neighborhood, and many people walked around Olvera Street. Amusing and exciting Mexican songs could be heard in the neighborhood. Tourists were served food with a great Mexican smell. Candles in the adobe also had a Mexican scent. At the time I got into the adobe, it was slightly humid and dark, and I could feel particles of dust flowing through my nostrils.

References

El Pueblo De Los Angeles. Historical Monument: Avila Adobe/ Visitor’s Center. Retrieved from: http://elpueblo.lacity.org/SightsSounds/HistoricStructures/TheAvilaAdobe/index.htm

Estrada, W. D. (2009). The Los Angeles plaza: Sacred and contested space. University of Texas Press.

Kielbasa, J. R. Avila Adobe. Historic Adobes of Los Angeles County.

Office of Historic Preservation: Avila Adobe. Retrieved from: http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/ListedResources/Detail/145

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Reflecting on Bias Research Paper Available

Reflecting on Bias
Reflecting on Bias

Reflecting on Bias

Reflecting on Bias

Order Instructions:

Reflecting on Bias

This week’s paper is a place for you to reflect on the work you have done to this point and to tie up any loose ends. Begin by framing your learning process in this course and sharing any new knowledge you have gained about yourself as a doctoral student and your approach to the doctoral study process.
• Critically reflect on your problem statement and the topic (EFFECTS OF HRM PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE) you have chosen for your individual doctoral study. In what ways can you limit the negative impact of your own biases, assumptions, and attitudes on your study? How will you identify your biases?
• Evaluate the ethical considerations on conducting and documenting research as a scholar-practitioner.

Problem Statement
Employee performance is finding out whether a person carries out his assigned task to the letter. It is done through job evaluation in the designated job station. For effective employee performance, human resource management is an essential to achieving this intent. The term Human Resource Management is defined as the overall supervision and monitoring of employees in an organization for the achievement of the organizational objectives and realization of employee performance (Batt & Colvin, 2011).
It is important to note that employee performance has an impact on the overall performance of an organization. The implementation of human resource management provides a means through which employers can monitor the input offered by their employees and provide a basis for the administration of the workforce needed for the achievement of the organizational goals.

References

Batt, R., & Colvin, A. J. (2011). An employment systems approach to turnover: Human resources practices, quits, dismissals, and performance. Academy of management Journal, 54(4), 695-717.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Reflecting on Bias

In the current situation, most organizations are bent towards human resource management practices that help control employee input to drive employee performance to its optimum level. However, what most human resource managers don not realize is the impact these management practices have on employee performance. All management practices have been realized to be biased at some point to a specific level (Paauwe et al., 2013). Each practice having its type of bias that affects the employee performance in various ways. The overall organizational performance is dependent on the identifying these biases and working towards reducing their impact on employee performance (Batt et al., 2011). Then and only then, would Human resource management practices have a good bearing on the employee performance and the overall performance of the organization.

This paper will focus on the different ways to identify these biases, prevention methods or reduction of their impact on employee performance. By accomplishing that, there will be formed a moral ground for Human resource practices that have an ethical aspect to managing individual employee performance. Biases caused by management practices may take different forms. The different forms of biases include emotional bias, cultural, religious among others.

In an organization that has employees that have a diverse culture, it is given that at some point there might be a form or cultural biases when it comes to HRM practices. For instance, during recruitment and hiring or selection of new employees. The Human Resource Management personnel conducting the exercise might be biased to choose a certain individual over the other due to the individual’s cultural background. Reason being that they belong to the same culture or at some point a realization that they share the same beliefs. The selection process is then said to be biased on the basis of cultural affinity. Therefore, the organization may find itself hiring persons from the same cultural background. The result of this kind of action might have its toll on employee performance in a negative way.

Another issue that could form some biasness in the recruitment and selection of employees is the personal traits and character (Paauwe et al., 2013). A professional employee ought not to bring his or her personal feelings to work to prevent distractions of any kind that might affect employee performance. Therefore, some individuals will have personal feelings about a certain person looking for a position in the organization. The applicant may be chosen on the basis of character traits and not job qualification, experience, and skills. The chosen applicant may not even be suited for that profession. Eventually, there will be biases on the side of the likeness of work and other things that directly affect employee performance. Once something like this ensues. Employee performance is affected. Sometimes it may be for better or for worse. However, it is good to keep a professional air of things in a work environment. Thereby ensuring that employee performance is not affected in any way by some negative biases due to some HRM practices.

In conclusion, the reason for evaluating and consistently managing employee performance is to create a sustainable competitive advantage that would last in the long term. This can be achieved by reducing or eliminating biases due to tome HRM practices. By ensuring this, Human Resource Managers can steer the overall organizational performance to meeting the strategic business goals of the organization and making their organization successful.

References

Batt, R., & Colvin, A. J. (2011). An employment systems approach to turnover: Human resources practices, quits, dismissals, and performance. Academy of management Journal, 54(4), 695-717.

 

Marescaux, E., De Winne, S., & Sels, L. (2012). HR practices and HRM outcomes: The role of basic need satisfaction. Personnel Review, 42(1), 4-27.

Naidu, S., Pathak, R. D., & Chand, A. (2014). 11. Towards a double triangle model of socially desirable HRM practices and firm performance in small-island developing states. Corporate Social Responsibility and Human Resource Management: A Diversity Perspective, 192.

Paauwe, J. A. A. P., Wright, P. A. T. R. I. C. K., & Guest, D. A. V. I. D. (2013). HRM and performance: What do we know and where should we go. HRM and performance: Achievements and challenges, 1-13.

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Campaign objectives and consumer insight

Campaign objectives and consumer insight
Campaign objectives and consumer insight

Campaign objectives and consumer insight of Lorna Jane yoga pants

Order Instructions:

Since i did finish other parts of the project so far, so only thing the writer need to do is consumer insight and campaign objective.
I will send all the information in the files and just follow my concept and idea that i provided. Also, the requirement for those 2 parts. All of them including in my files.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Campaign objectives and consumer insight of Lorna Jane yoga pants

Campaign objectives

There are several objectives for the advertisement campaigns for the Lorna Jane wear yoga pants line. These targets include developing awareness about the Eunoia line of yoga pants among the people of Sydney as an independent line of clothing. The campaign is also aimed at reaching 30 percent of the target population, which is Sydney within three months of advertisement.  The attainment of the objective should be timely and precise.

The campaigns should also increase improve the attitudes f the people of Sydney about the brand, from zero percent to 20 percent. This objective should be attained by use of the natural background and the desirable models to be featured in the campaign ads. The slogan should also be made clear in all advertisements it would be significant in popularising the brand and improving the attitude of viewers of the campaign ads.

The advertisements should also show the fashion sense of the yoga pants to the potential clients as a way of increasing the attitudes of people. The slogan of the line, which is fashionably well minded, peace & beauty, eco-sexy, the beauty of the mind, natural fashion, naturally wild should be able to help achieve this aim. Campaign ads should be able to connect all the aspects captured in the slogan statement. This would blend the fashion sense of the yoga pants, natural beauty of the customers, and the outgoing nature of the young adults of between 18 and 25 years of age.

The campaigns should also enlighten the customers about the various colours and types of yoga pants under the new brand name. All the different colours of the yoga pants that signify the various parts of the slogan would be featured in the ads, while worn by a beautiful model. The ads should create a sense of choice among the viewers (Park, H, Jeon, J, & Sullivan, P 2015)..

The campaigns should highlight the strengths of the new line of yoga pants. Views of the campaigns should be able to identify the uniqueness of the material that the new yoga pants will be made of. Viewers of the ads should be able to tell the advantages of the Eunoia brand over the other brands.

Consumer insight

The target clientele are women who are interested in maintaining their body fitness body fitness. This means that the clients would majorly be female youths between the age of 18 and 25 years old who are either fit and would like to remain that way or are unfit and would like to become fit and sexy. The brand would majorly be sold in Sydney where there is a hug population of youths. The youths in Sydney are also influenced by the pop culture which influences ladies to have a youthful look.

It is a positive thing that fitness is what drives motivation to perform yoga and therefore buy yoga pants.  This is because with the popularity of pop culture in Sydney, more and more women are conscious of their looks and therefore generate a long term market for products to do with yoga. The brands have a variety of categories in terms of colors and sizes to ensure that all the potential clients can get a pair of yoga pants (Carroll, A 2009).

85 percent of participants of yoga in Sydney are women. It is more likely that investments in yoga outfit for women would be less risky than the investment in outfits for men. In the total number of people who participate in yoga in Australia, 56.6 percent attended practice one or two times every week. 24.1 percent attended practice more than three times per week while the rest were not consistent. From these statistics, it is clear that the consumers need a more durable material for the yoga pants. A line of yoga pants that would be of high quality may be need by consumers. Yoga sessions also take a considerable amount of time each day of practice.

In a typical day in Sydney, about 46 percent have to work for longer hours and therefore prefer to engage in yoga in their free time because of the lack of enough time to engage in other physical activity and the calming nature of yoga.

The target market for the Lorna Jane line of yoga wear is mostly the youths. This class of people is fashionable and needs a sense of freedom. Therefore, Eunoia line of yoga pants is expected be favorable and marketable to the target group due to the lines ability to capture al the aspects of youth fashion (Park, H, Jeon, J, & Sullivan, P 2015).

The consumers should buy the yoga pants from authorized dealers of the Lorna Jane brand and other countrywide stores and malls. The yoga pants will also be available in online stores for the busy people of Sydney to purchase from their offices and homes.

The media to be used to communicate with the potential clients would majorly be social media such as facebook. This is because of the popularity of the social network. Other media for advertisement would include television and magazines. Most of the people who attend yoga also have smartphones and other internet enabled gadgets such as PCs and tablets. It is therefore easier and cheaper for the line to be advertised through social media (LaPointe, P 2012).

The campaign ads should reach at least 30 percent of the population of Sydney city to achieve the objectives of the advertisement. This may be achieved by advertisements being done at least two times between seven and nine o’clock in the night. Facebook ads should be updated as frequent a hourly due to the high number of times youths log in to facebook (Smith, S 2013).

The key challenges of communicating with the target audience may be the high expense of TV ads in terms of costs per ad. Therefore, to reduce on the cost of TV ads, the ads would be short and precise.

Bibliography

‘Effect of an office worksite-based yoga program on heart rate variability: A randomized controlled trial’ 2011, BMC Public Health, 11, 1, pp. 578-582, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 October 2015.

LaPointe, P 2012, ‘Measuring Facebook’s Impact on Marketing’, Journal Of Advertising Research, 52, 3, pp. 286-287, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 October 2015.

Smith, S 2013, ‘Conceptualising and evaluating experiences with brands on Facebook’, International Journal Of Market Research, 55, 3, pp. 357-374, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 October 2015.

Park, H, Jeon, J, & Sullivan, P 2015, ‘How does visual merchandising in fashion retail stores affect consumers’ brand attitude and purchase intention?’, International Review Of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research, 25, 1, pp. 87-104, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 October 2015.

Carroll, A 2009, ‘Brand communications in fashion categories using celebrity endorsement’, Journal Of Brand Management, 17, 2, pp. 146-158, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 14 October 2015.

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Anatomical Analysis of Tennis Serve

Anatomical Analysis of Tennis Serve
Anatomical Analysis of Tennis Serve

Anatomical Analysis of Tennis Serve

Order Instructions:

Paper instruction : Tennis serve
Descrition of the Motor skill : Beginning Phase, Middle Phase, Final Phase( Anatomical analysis:Muscle participation and form of contractions. )
*NO Websites and online database (wikipedia) are accepted; Google scholar web search preferred.
*No Instruction No conclusion needed. Just directly talk about the subject in detail.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Anatomical Analysis of Tennis Serve

The Beginning Phase

The stage involves player’s preparation for the serve. Different muscle activities take place in four phases. At the initial phase, there is minimal involvement of the shoulder and scapular muscles (Kovacs & Ellenbecker, 2011, Pg. 506). The player proceeds to the release phase where there is little activation of the left erector spinae but increasing participation of the right erector spinae muscles. Trunk stabilization is crucial at the stage and lower trunk muscles are activated to stabilize the lumbar spine. Muscles activated include rectus abdominis and internal and external oblique muscles. In the third phase, the player generates potential energy by properly positioning the feet. The foot-up and foot-back techniques are the commonest techniques, and they involve knee joint extensor muscles to a significant extent. In the foot-up technique, the posterior compartment of lower limb muscles offers upward and forward drive for the player. On the other hand, the anterior compartment offers stability for rotational momentum (Kovacs & Ellenbecker, 2011, Pg. 506). The same events occur in the foot-back technique, but there is more contraction of the knee joint extensors than in the foot-up technique. The third phase also involves a lateral rear tilt of the pelvis and the shoulder. The activity generates angular momentum for lateral flexion of the trunk. For right-handed servers, the ipsilateral erector spinae muscle activation is higher than that of contralateral erector spinae (Kovacs & Ellenbecker, 2011, Pg. 506). The left lateral erector spinae plays significantly in lateral flexion of the trunk during the third phase. Iliocostalis and longisimus dorsi are also active during the phase. They contract unilaterally to flex the lumbar vertebral laterally. The fourth phase begins with the activation of serratus anterior (Kibler, Chandler, Shapilo, & Conuel, 2010, Pg. 747). The upper trapezius muscle is then activated resulting in acromion elevation and stabilization of the scapular. The activation of the lower trapezius later enhances scapular stabilization and elevation of the acromion (Kibler et al., 2010, Pg. 747). The deltoid and supraspinatus are also activated to depress the head of the humerus and control external rotation.

The Middle Phase

The phase involves acceleration, and muscle activity exceeds the one in the beginning phase (Kibler et al., 2010, Pg. 747). For the internal humeral rotation, activated muscles include the serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, and pectoralis major (Kovacs & Ellenbecker, 2011, Pg. 507). The first phase of the middle phase ends with the activation of the gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis. Both the trunk and legs coordinate to generate the greatest kinetic energy for the middle phase. The last stage of the middle phase involves minimal extension of the knee, wrist, and elbow joints. Rectus abdominis participates actively during this phase (Chow, Park, & Tillman, 2009). The phase also involves increased activation of rectus abdominis and external oblique muscles that are mostly involved in trunk flexion. Internal oblique is mostly activated during twisting of the trunk.

The Final Phase

The stage involves deceleration and follow-through. The infraspinatus is activated, and it contributes as an assistive muscle for humeral deceleration and distraction of the shoulder joint (Kibler et al., 2010, Pg. 747). The posterior rotator cuff is also activated together with biceps brachii, serratus anterior, latissimus dorsi and deltoid. The right erector spinae is also more active than the left erector spinae during deceleration. Deactivation of the anterior deltoid precedes that of other muscles. During the final phase, internal rotation and horizontal adduction are not needed. The serratus anterior and upper trapezius muscles are the next on the trend and their deactivation occurs as the acromial elevation decreases (Kibler et al., 2010, Pg. 747). The deactivation of infraspinatus occurs as humeral rotation decreases. Complete restoration of posture results following the activity of the lower trapezius for the scapular, supraspinatus and teres minor for the humeral head, and posterior deltoid for the upper arm (Kibler et al., 2010, Pg. 747).

References

Chow, J. W., Park, S.-A., & Tillman, M. D. (2009). Lower trunk kinematics and muscle activity during different types of tennis serves. Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy, and Technology : SMARTT, 1, 24. http://doi.org/10.1186/1758-2555-1-24

Kibler, W. B., Chandler, T. J., Shapilo, R., & Conuel, M. (2010). Muscle activation in coupled scapulohumeral motions in the high performance tennis serve. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(7), 745-749.

Kovacs, M., & Ellenbecker, T. (2011). An 8-Stage Model for Evaluating the Tennis Serve: Implications for Performance Enhancement and Injury Prevention. Sports Health, 3(6), 504–513. http://doi.org/10.1177/1941738111414175

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Leadership theories Research Paper Available

Leadership theories
Leadership theories

Leadership theories

Order Instructions:

Order Request.
Submit an 8-page comprehensive scholarly analysis. 7 day work request.
Topic-: The role leadership plays in shaping an organizational culture.

To prepare:
1. Reflect on leadership and leadership theories. Transformational, Transactional, Situational theories.
2. Begin searching for scholarly references about the relationship between leadership and organizational culture.
3. Reflect on the leadership characteristics and skills that are useful in promoting a healthy organizational culture.
4. Consider the leadership styles that promote a healthy organizational culture.
5. Think about the impact on organizational culture of how a leader responds to specific situations, such as crises.
5. Reflect on how a leader might use power to promote a healthy organizational culture and how a leader can promote ethics in a healthy organization.
The “To prepare” is intended to aid in your reflection upon how the various leadership theories and other topics throughout the organizational leadership course relate to organizational culture.
However, you are free to analyze other facets of the relationship between leadership and organizational culture.
Submit an 8-page comprehensive scholarly analysis of the role leadership plays in shaping an organizational culture.
Your paper must contain ten scholarly resources. These can be a combination of the Learning Resources used throughout this course and new scholarly resources.
Your paper should strictly adhere to the APA Course

Thanks

SAMPLE ANSWER

Leaders are very important in running of any organization. They perform different critical organization roles that help in giving a sense of direction to enable an organization attains its long-term goals. Leaders help others in the organization to complete different task amid motivating each and every member to perform better (Tyssen, Wald & Spieth, 2013). Effective leaders often provide the vision and motivation to help attain a particular goal and objective. Many scholars agree with the notion that the definition of leadership is non-trivial in nature and that it depends on the broader conceptions of leadership (Komives, Dugan & Owen, 2011). On the other hand, Organization culture can be termed as a system of shared assumptions, beliefs and values that dictate the way people behave in an organization. The above mentioned shared beliefs have a strong control of the individuals in the organization and often dictate their mode of dress, action and how they perform their duties.

This paper discusses the role leadership plays in shaping the culture of an organization. The paper begins with a reflection on the different leadership and leadership theories, important leadership characteristics, and skills as well as leadership styles that promote a healthy organizational culture. It continues to look at the relationship between organization culture and how a leader responds to specific situations. And finally, how leaders might use the powers bestowed upon them to culture and promote a healthy organizational culture.

Leadership Theories

There are different approaches to leadership. Understanding the different leadership theories can help us to understand the different conceptions concerning leadership and the impact of leadership in an organization. There are quite some leadership theories and conceptions put forward by different scholars over the years.

Transformational Leadership Theory

Transformational leadership is based on the foundations of creating a vision and inspiring change to the people under the leader. In a transformational leadership situation, the leader is held responsible for the role of identifying the needed change (Pless & Maak, 2012). The leader conceptualizes the vision to provide direction and change through inspiration and implementing the change in unison with other committed members of the organization. Transformation leaders help enhance the morale, motivation and job performance of those below him/her by using different mechanisms. The conception of transformational leadership is founded based on the following different components;

Inspirational Motivation: transformation leadership promotes a consistent vision, mission, and goals of the group. Transformational leaders provide direction by coming up with a clear vision and articulating their ideologies to provide a sense of meaning and challenge to their followers (Blomme et al., 2015).

Intellectual Stimulation: Transformational leaders motivate and encourage others to be creative and innovative. Transformational leaders always encourage followers to come up with new ways of doing things and provide leadership opportunities for members to learn. Such leaders are often ready to change their ideas if they found them ineffective.

Individualized consideration: Transformational leaders often offer support and encouragement to individuals. They act as mentors and approve innovation and creativity among group members.

Idealized influence: Transformational leaders are often trusted and respected by their followers. Therefore, they idealize these notions bestowed on them because they often serve as role models. Such leaders often exhibit high standards of moral conduct.

Transactional Leadership Theory

Transactional leadership center of attention is the exchanges between leaders and the group. Transactional leadership is based on the behavioral approach to leadership founded upon a system of rewards and punishments (Tyssen et al., 2013). This system provides a way in which leaders can accomplish organizational goals such as completion of tasks, motivation, supervision and group performance. Leaders focus on the direct behavior of members and their efforts towards achievement of organizational goals, they emphasize on rewards and focus on means to improve organizational efficiency.

Situational Leadership Theory

Situational leadership is founded based on the contingency leadership theoretical framework. This theory suggests that leader’s effectiveness is based on the leader’s character traits about the diverse situational factors (Komives et al., 2011). Therefore, each type of task necessitates different leadership style. Hence, a good leader has to adapt his or her leadership to the specific goals and objectives to be attained in the situation. According to this theory, education, aptitude to take responsibility, and goal setting are imperative for a leader to be successful. The decision made by the leader is based on the leadership style of the leader and the maturity level of the followers. This decision follows dictates the leadership behavior that may include:

Telling: characterized by high leadership style and low supportive behavior of the followers.

Selling:  The leader exhibits high leadership style and the follower’s exhibit high, supportive behavior.

Participating: the leader exhibits low leadership style, and the followers have high, supportive behavior.

Delegating: both the leader and followers exhibit low directive and supportive behavior respectively.

Theoretical Concept of the Relationship between Leadership and Organization Culture

Culture is the medium by which an organization expresses its personality to the employees. The key concept of culture is founded based on the values that are not visible but are shared by individuals even when membership of the organization changes (Tsai, 2011). These shared values and norms enable the employees to channel energy on organizational priorities and provide a backbone for behavior and decision-making. An organization requires visionary leadership to drive change and improve organization performance. Some of the core values that define effective leadership include initiation, consideration and charismatic nature of the leader.

There are quite some scholars who researched on the relationship between leadership and organization culture. According to Moynihan et al (2012), leadership and organization, culture is strongly connected and shares a symbiotic relationship. Leaders play an imperative responsibility in shaping and upholding of the organization culture. Leaders mobilize attention towards the new vision. However, it is the organization culture that bestows authenticity on that vision.

According to Norhtouse (2015), great leaders often adjust their leadership behavior to be geared towards accomplishing the mission of the group resulting in motivation and employee satisfaction. A good relationship between leadership and employee result in a greater contribution to organization communication and teamwork. Therefore, motivating and encouraging each of the group members to work towards accomplishing the mission and objective assigned by the organization resulting in job satisfaction.

The functionality of organization culture is also indispensable for business success and development. Management role is also important to organization culture as it determines the leadership style depending on managerial decisions and orientation to internal policies or market policies (Stone, 2012). Leadership styles help influence on managerial decisions and determine employee reactions to such decisions. Leaders are also the communicators of change, they conceptualize vision and oversee the change process towards new and better organization and corporate culture.

Leadership Characteristics and Skills that Promote a Healthy Organization Culture

For leaders to be effective in their role in promoting a healthy organization culture, they should possess certain characteristics that help foster motivation, promote shared values and team spirit and teamwork (Dubrin, 2015). Some of the leadership qualities and skills include;

Passion for their work: Good leaders are often passionate about their work and take it to be their responsibility because of the importance attached. Such leaders motivate the employee to develop into a more productive human resource by sharing the passion and enthusiasm towards work. Appreciating employee’s performance often results in motivation and a healthy organization culture.

Good communication skills: Management ought to utilize open communication channels to create and maintain a positive corporate culture. Leaders ought to communicate effectively with staff at both higher and lower levels in the company. Leaders should be able to explain clearly tasks and project to the staff. On the other hand, they should communicate the importance of the projects to administrators serving as a bridge between different dimensions in the organization (Cummings & Worley, 2014).

Integrity: Leaders must be worthy of trust from their followers. Therefore, leaders should be honest and always striving towards making the right decisions for the company. Integrity in leaders creates an air of trust and help to promote a healthy corporate culture.

Flexible and Adaptable: Leaders should be flexible and adaptable to adapt to changes and situations within the workplace. They should always be ready for change and be able to help his/her followers accept and adapt change.

Decisive: Leaders are always relied upon in organizations to make a decision that are logical, correct and in a quick manner. Leaders should, therefore, understand the different dimension, scope of work, financial constraint and any other important factors that will enable them to make quickly committed and analytical decision.

Leaders Impact to Situations such as crises and Organization Culture

In a situation where an organization is facing serious crises, leadership is essential to help in providing direction through this phase to help attain organizational sustainability. It is paramount that leaders cannot simply repeat practices that have been accepted to be good leadership as this may have led to failures that resulted in crisis or inadequate respond to the crisis (Northouse, 2015). Therefore, leaders should conceptualize the situation and use leadership skills to steer the organization out of the crisis. That is the leader should utilize their cognitive power, available resources and precise strategies to help solve the crisis. It is imperative to note that crises often attract the attention of each and every individual in the organization. Therefore, a leader’s reaction in such a situation communicates much about the organization’s norms, values, and culture (Blomme et al., 2015). Thus, crises situations tend to bring out the core values of the organization and reflect the organization personality. The way in which leaders and other people in the organization respond to crises create new norms, values, and way of working, and reflects on the organization shared values. Crises generate attention and emotional involvement during the entire process. Because of these notions, crises expose deeper values of the group and thus the levels of culture are put into public scrutiny. Therefore, it is up to the leaders in the organization to influence organizational culture to promote strong moral and ethical behavior, and foster the creation of new organizational norms and values (Pless & Maak, 2012). Leaders are looked upon at this point to help in mentoring others, teach and coach the members into working towards solving the crisis in the best manner possible.

Ways in which Leaders Can Use Power to Promote Healthy Organization Culture

Leaders steer the organization using different styles, the level of skill, influence and characteristics. There are different bases of power that can be utilized by leaders to exert their influence. There exist five bases of power that are mostly used by leaders that are, expert, referent, reward, coercive, and legitimate power (Tyssen et al., 2013). Most leaders today believe in the notion that their groups can utilize varying bases of power. Leaders should utilize the bases mentioned above of power even when doing so with respect to servitude and humility. Leaders should seek to establish the moral nature of valuing the opinions of others rather than pushing their ideologies. Such leadership framework promotes ethical frameworks and corporate culture founded on moral high ground.

Quality leaders should instill and promote ethics in healthy organizations. Ethics in the business context can be termed as a company’s attitude and conduct towards stockholders, customers, employees and community as a whole (Komives et al., 2011). Ethical Standards and practices are paramount as it is the fabric that keeps an entity from disintegrating. It is imperative to note that unethical behavior often results in losses and cause problems in the organization and also the entire industry in which the organization operates.

 

As such, it is critical for organization leaders to instill ethical framework to the organization and on the team by team basis. Leaders can achieve the goals mentioned above by establishing and creating a clear and open communication in the workplace. The management should also diversify the employees amid encouraging team building exercise to promote cohesiveness of the organization. Quality leadership implies that one should be able to monitor internal factors and diagnosing deficiencies in different groups within the organization. Leaders should also be ready to take remedy action that may lead to negative changes in the organization (Tyssen et al., 2013). More than often communication factors may delineate a leader connection activities with team members in terms of managing conflicts, promoting collaboration, coaching and commitment to objectives. Such leadership styles result in overall team effectiveness, organization performance, and organizational health.

References

Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., & Spieth, P. (2013). Leadership in temporary organizations: a review of leadership theories and a research agenda. Project Management Journal, 44(6), 52-67.

Komives, S. R., Dugan, J. P., & Owen, J. E. (2011). The handbook for student leadership development. John Wiley & Sons.

Pless, N. M., & Maak, T. (2012). Responsible leadership: Pathways to the future. In Responsible Leadership (pp. 3-13). Springer Netherlands.

Blomme, R. J., Kodden, B., & Beasley-Suffolk, A. (2015). Leadership theories and the concept of work engagement: Creating a conceptual framework for management implications and research. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(02), 125-144.

Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. BMC health services research, 11(1), 98.

Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K., & Wright, B. E. (2012). Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters performance information use. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 143-164.

Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.

Stone, K. B. (2012). Four decades of lean: a systematic literature review.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 3(2), 112-132.

Dubrin, A. (2015). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Cengage Learning.

Cummings, T., & Worley, C. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning.

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Diabetes mellitus Annotated Bibliography

Diabetes mellitus Annotated Bibliography
     Diabetes mellitus Annotated Bibliography

Diabetes mellitus Annotated Bibliography

Order Instructions:

Have to complete at lease 10 empirical articles in my educational field. I work with children Kinder – Fifth grade.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Diabetes mellitus Annotated Bibliography

Seino, Y., Nanjo, K., Tajima, N., Kadowaki, T., Kashiwagi, A., & Araki, E. et al. (2010). Report of the Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal Of Diabetes Investigation, 1(5), 212-228.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2040-1124.2010.00074.x

The article classifies the two types of diabetes mellitus, type 1, and diabetes type. It also discusses the causes of the various types of diabetes mellitus and the factors that are likely to predispose one to diabetes mellitus. In making the distinction type, I am referred to as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus associated with the destruction of pancreatic beta cells while type  2 is associated with lifestyle changes especially obesity.

Reinehr, T. (2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. World Journal Of Diabetes, 4(6), 270.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v4.i6.270

The article reviews the causes of type two diabetes mellitus in children. Specifically, it looks at the factors that predispose children to diabetes mellitus type 2 since it’s commonly associated with lifestyle changes. It also looks at the methods for treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as management of children suffering from type 2 diabetes.

Ewald, N. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 19(42), 7276.

http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v19.i42.7276

A review is given on chronic pancreatitis. It should be remembered that diabetes type 1 involves the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas by autoantibodies.in this case methods for detection of type 1 diabetes mellitus are outlined as well as the treatment.

Buchanan, T., Xiang, A., & Page, K. (2012). Gestational diabetes mellitus: risks and management during and after pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinal, 8(11), 639-649.

http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2012.96

The article review a different type of diabetes mellitus commonly observed in pregnant women. It is known as gestational diabetes mellitus. It plays an important role in making a woman susceptible to diabetes mellitus type 2. Nutritional effects as wells as the risks associated with gestational diabetes mellitus are reviewed in this article.

Sacks, D., Arnold, M., Bakris, G., Bruns, D., Horvath, A., & Kirkman, M. et al. (2011). Executive Summary: Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Lab Med Online, 1(4), 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/lmo.2011.1.4.1

The article looks and compares the different methods that are used to diagnose the different types of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory guidelines and the permitted reference range values of the results are also provided.

Litmanovitch, E. (2015). Short and long-term neurobehavioral alterations in type 1 diabetes mellitus pediatric population. World Journal Of Diabetes, 6(2), 259.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i2.259

The article reviews the neurological damage that is associated with diabetes mellitus type 1. It also discusses the emerging technology that will assist in reducing the glycemic glucose levels, therefore, reducing the effects of diabetes mellitus, especially to the neural system.

Antonelli, A. (2014). Hepatitis C virus infection and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal Of Diabetes, 5(5), 586.

http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v5.i5.586

The article identifies the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C. the main relationship is associated with viral effects, pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in the liver. It also shows how clinical trial conducted on hepatitis c patients has resulted in a decrease in the glucose metabolism providing an important mode of treatment for glycemic patients.

Nauck, M. (2014). Update on developments with SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes. DDDT, 1335.

 http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dddt.s50773

The author discusses the important role that the kidney plays in the maintaining of glucose levels in the body via the sodium glucose transporters type 2. Use of sodium glucose transporters inhibitors reduces the renal reabsorption of glucose, in the long run, decreasing the amount of glucose in the body.

Igwe, M., Uwakwe, R., Ahanotu, C., Onyeama, G., Bakare, M., & Ndukuba, A. (2013). Factors associated with depression and suicide among patients with diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Af Hlth Sci, 13(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v13i1.10

The study was conducted in Nigeria to highlight the effects of diabetes mellitus and hypertension to the normal lives of the people. Basically, two concepts were looked at. The role of diabetes mellitus in causing suicidal and depression in patients.

Eisenbarth, G. (2010). Banting Lecture 2009: An Unfinished Journey: Molecular Pathogenesis to Prevention of Type 1A Diabetes. Diabetes, 59(4), 759-774.

http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/db09-1855

The article discusses the metabolic pathways that are involved in diabetes mellitus specifically carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. It also discusses how this pathway can be used to block the effects of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.

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Should prisons focus more on rehabilitation instead of retribution

Should prisons focus more on rehabilitation instead of retribution
Should prisons focus more on rehabilitation instead of retribution

Should prisons focus more on rehabilitation instead of retribution

Order Instructions:

Select a topic on which your persuasive writing paper will be focused.
Write a one to two (1-2) page research proposal in which you:
1. Identify the topic you selected and explain two (2) reasons for using it.
2. Include a defensible, relevant thesis statement in the first paragraph.
3. Describe three (3) major characteristics of your audience (official position, decision-making power, current view on topic, other important characteristic).
4. Describe the paper’s scope and outline the major sections.
5. Identify and explain the questions to be answered.
6. Explain your research plan, including the methods of researching and organizing research.
7. Document at least three (3) primary sources and three (3) secondary sources. Use credible, academic sources available through Strayer University’s Resource Center. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting guidelines:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Recognize the elements and correct use of a thesis statement.
• Write a research proposal that states the claim and scope of the research project.
• Outline the main sections of the research project.
• Devise an ordered research plan to obtain appropriate resources.
• Write clearly and concisely about selected topics using proper writing mechanics.
• Use technology and information resources to research selected issues for this course.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Should prisons focus more on rehabilitation instead of retribution

The research will focus on investigating whether prisons should shift their focus more from punishing prisoners to rehabilitating them instead. The reasons for selecting this topic are as follows: first, over 70% of prisoners re-offend within a period of just 3 years after they have left jail, usually with a more serious and cruel crime (Kane, 2013). Secondly, over 90% of prisoners go back to the community after just a few years and therefore it is crucial how they are treated whilst they are imprisoned (Opperman, 2014). Thesis statement: prisons should focus more on rehabilitating the inmates rather than focusing more on punishing them.

The main characteristics of my audience include the following: (i) political leaders in the United States – they can make laws and legislations which mandate prison facilities to rehabilitate inmates instead of punishing them. (ii) Prison leadership and officials: these are the individuals who run prison facilities across the country. While some are government employees running federal or state prisons, others are actually business people who operate private prisons. (iii) Current viewpoints on the subject/topic: while some members of the audience are in support of rehabilitating convicts instead of punishing them, some audience members think that prisoners should be punished for their deeds, not rehabilitated. At the moment, heads of prison facilities in the country are generally more in support of punishment and not rehabilitation of convicts. Many of these officials maintain that it is not possible to rehabilitate some inmates for instance serious criminals like child molesters, rapists, and serial killers. They believe that criminals should go to prison to be punished and that if they are taken to prison for rehabilitation, then the facility would not be a prison anymore, but a rehabilitation centre (Lawson, 2015). According to prison officials, offenders have to be punished and prisons serve this purpose of punishing them.

Regarding the scope of the paper, the research paper would be inclined toward supporting the view that prisons should focus more on rehabilitating convicts and not focus more on punishing them for their deeds. Even so, arguments from various parties against rehabilitating convicts and which support punishing them would also be presented objectively. The main sections of the research paper are as follows:

1.0       Introduction,

2.0       Significance of Research

3.0       Review of Literature

4.0       Research question and objective

5.0       Research methodology

6.0       Results and discussion

6.1       Views that prisons should focus more on rehabilitating prisoners rather than punishing them

6.2       Views that prisons should focus more on punishing convicts rather than rehabilitating them

7.0       Conclusion.

In the proposed research, the following research question would be answered?

  • Should prisons focus more on rehabilitation of convicts than retribution?

This research question will help to determine the thoughts and viewpoints of members of public regarding this topic. Their perspectives may be helpful in reform efforts aimed at reducing the high rates of recidivism. Prisoners are typically individuals that have been overlooked or even discarded from youth onwards, have had little education or encouragement, have been told many dismissing words by other people, and putting them in jail where all their moves and words are monitored may be regarded as punishment enough (Kane, 2013). By punishing them in this manner, there is likelihood that they would still return to prison after their release since they have not been rehabilitated.

With regard to research plan, this would be a mixed research study in which both quantitative and qualitative methods would be employed. Quantitative questionnaire surveys with closed-ended questions and qualitative interviews with open-ended questions would be utilized in data collection. A total 210 participants would be enlisted and the questionnaires would be sent to 200 of them online to complete. The remaining 10 participants would be interviewed. Furthermore, focus groups would be used to collect data. Secondary sources of data would include journal articles from electronic online databases, previous research on the subject matter, and government reports.

References

Kane, S. (2013). An Interview with the Most Rehabilitated Prisoner in America. Litigation, 39(3), 16-23.

Lawson, C. (2015). Does Imprisonment Work?. Legaldate, 27(2), 9-11.

Opperman, G. (2014). Change Your Prison, Change Your Outcomes, Change Your Community. Economic Affairs, 34(2), 224-234. https://www.doi:10.1111/ecaf.12068

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The Change of the Laws Regarding DUI

The Change of the Laws Regarding DUI
The Change of the Laws Regarding DUI

The Change of the Laws Regarding DUI (driving under the influence)

Order Instructions:

Read through the list of research topics (located in the Appendix), or by clicking the link here, on which to write a research paper. Select three (3) topics that interest you most and identify two (2) credible sources for each topic. Note: This is one (1) of several parts that will build toward a final draft of your persuasive writing research paper.
Write a one to two (1-2) page paper in which you:
1. Explain the reason for selecting topic one (1), identify the audience, and provide a preliminary thesis statement.
2. Explain the reason for selecting topic two (2), identify the audience, and provide a preliminary thesis statement.
3. Explain the reason for selecting topic three (3), identify the audience, and provide a preliminary thesis statement.
4. Identify and document six (6) credible sources (two (2) for each topic) that you would expect to use. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting guidelines:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Recognize the elements and correct use of a thesis statement.
• Associate the features of audience, purpose, and text with various genres.
• Recognize correct APA documentation and reasons to document and avoid plagiarism.
• Write clearly and concisely about selected topics using proper writing mechanics.
• Use technology and information resources to research selected issues for this course.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The Change of the Laws Regarding DUI 

The primary problem with the DUI laws the prohibits drinking while intoxicated is that these legislations do not allow the arrest of drivers whose blood-alcohol contents are below 0.08 percent without further shreds of evidence on impairment (Macinko, & Silver, 2015). It is, therefore, essential to note that drivers have adopted an approach in considering the number of drinks they take to avoid penalties and jail sentence.

According to one state officer, people who are intoxicated at 0, 05 percent should also be convicted for driving under the influence of alcohol, a fact that should be debated in a court of law with the aim of changing these laws (Macinko, & Silver, 2015). It is essential to determine the fact that these laws should be changed since people react to alcohol intoxication differently. For some people, just a single drink may be one too many while the experienced drinkers may function effectively even above the legal threshold of intoxication.

Changing the laws on DUI would, therefore, favor an enforced law that deters drivers from intoxication during driving, a factor that has been the leading cause of reckless driving and accidents (McGuire, Dawe, Shield, Rehm, & Fischer, 2011). In line with this, it is, therefore, essential to developing a punishable act that focuses on road rules since singling out the use of alcohol for road users is an approach aimed at making the roads safer.

The Increase of Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco to Pay for Rising Medical Bills

In line with this subject, it is essential to determine that taxes on alcohol and tobacco should be increased with the aim of counteracting the rising costs that have been realized in the health care sector. Since it has been discovered that both of this commodities add pressure to the economy of a nation, their lucrative sales should, therefore, see an increase in their prices (Metlay, 2013). In the event that alcohol and tobacco are charged slightly more, this would not only benefit the health sector under the assumption that funds would be channeled through this cause but would also deter people from using this substance, a factor that would lead to a healthy nation.

It is empirical to determine that high taxes on alcohol would decrease the DUI/DWI including the number of alcoholics in rehabilitation centers in the US. On the other hand, an increase in taxes on tobacco would decrease the rates of lung cancer contractions including the negative effects of this drug (Gruber, 2001). Funds derived from this initiative would, therefore, lower the health care costs for several citizens, a factor that would impact the health care systems of America.

The Change in Family and Medical Leave Act

The former President Bill Clinton signed the Family and Medical Leave Act twenty years ago. This act allows workers and their family’s access a 12-week unpaid job-protected leave to aid them in recovering from medical conditions that are considered critical (Lindsay, & Moore, 2011). This legislation, therefore, remains essential in helping workers manage their responsibilities within their homes and workplaces.

In as much as this act is significant in the lives of the American employees, it has been determined as ineffective since it fails to cover the needs of most workers. Since this act is unpaid, many workers have complained about failing to afford to take leaves when they need due to financial reasons (Sandler, 2015). In this case, several workers abscond from taking this leave and work for close to 1350 hours in a period of twelve months, a factor that affects their job performance. It is, therefore, vital that a change be made in this bill to consider the welfare of the workers and their families.

References

Macinko, J., & Silver, D. (2015). Diffusion of Impaired Driving Laws among US States. American Journal of Public Health, 105(9), 1893-1900. https://www.doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.302670

McGuire, F., Dawe, M., Shield, K. D., Rehm, J., & Fischer, B. (2011). Driving under the Influence of Cannabis or Alcohol in a Cohort of High-frequency Cannabis Users: Prevalence and Reflections on Current Interventions. Canadian Journal of Criminology & Criminal Justice, 53(2), 247-259.

Metlay, G. (2013). Federalizing Medical Campaigns against Alcoholism and Drug Abuse. Milbank Quarterly, 91(1), 123-162. https://www.doi:10.1111/milq.12004

Gruber, J. (2001). Tobacco at the Crossroads: The Past and Future of Smoking Regulation in the United States. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 15(2), 193-212.

Lindsay, D. C., & Moore, L. M. (2011). State and federal leave laws: How recent legislative changes have complicated leave administration. Employment Relations Today (Wiley), 38(1), 77-90. https://www.doi:10.1002/ert.20335

Sandler, L. (2015). Taking care of our own. (Cover story). New Republic, 246(5), 32-41.

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Simmo’s Ice Cream Case Study Assignment

Simmo’s Ice Cream
          Simmo’s Ice Cream

Simmo’s Ice Cream

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Executive Summary

Simmo’s Ice Cream is a company based in Australia established in the year 1992. It mainly deals with ice cream and related products. This report aims at establishing a good marketing plan. Therefore, the paper analyses the company fundamentals using SWOT analysis. On the same note, the paper analyzes the competitive advantage and market positioning of Simmo’s Ice-Cream Company. This report mainly concentrates on how the company can invest in product promotion with an aim of achieving competitive advantage over competitors and other key players in the market. If successfully implemented, this report would greatly assist for the future expansion plans of the company.

Introduction

Simmo’s Ice Cream is a company that specializes in the manufacture of various brands of ice cream. The company has made considerable profits through low production costs, providing quality products and by hiring employees that provide excellent customer service. They have created a new type of various flavors given the increasing market competition from several other companies dealing in the same line of business. It deals with various flavors that include dairy free, lactose-free vegan flavor and latest being Yahava coffee flavor. All this is mainly aimed at achieving customer satisfaction. As a matter of fact, there is increasingly changes in the customer taste and preferences and, therefore, need to meet the customer need and satisfaction.

Simmo’s Ice Cream enjoys a variety of a good customer base ranging from tourists, couples and families on holidays and also corporate partners. The ice cream company based in Dunsborough, Western Australia, has a long establishment history. Having been established in 1992, it has undergone considerable expansion process with their expansive market base. It has a large labor base with their employees going on recess during winter. The Simmo’s Ice Cream is mainly made from the locally available raw materials from scratch with the materials sourced from the surrounding areas of Dunsborough, Western Australia.

Strengths

·         High investment on innovation

·         Marketing through the internet

·         Expert team of managers

·         Equity in flavors and brand

·         Efficient distribution and supply routes

·         Good reputation from the public

 Weakness

·         Few customers and small market

·         Few products and brands

·         Low production during winter
Opportunities

·         Foreign markets increase

·         Innovation and new product development

·         Sales and marketing through the internet

·         New classes of flavors development

 Threats

·         Competition from other Ice Cream manufacturers

·         Poor economic growth

·         Changes in foreign markets and government policies

·         Changing foreign exchange rates

·         Price wars with other manufacturers

Competitive advantage and positioning and marketing objectives

Simmo’s Ice Cream competitive advantage arises in that it is one of the leading ice cream sellers in Australia. It enjoys a sweet and a long history having been established a little bit longer hence it has won more of the consumer markets. The product already has gained adequate market perception and is, therefore, easy to evaluate on the customer satisfaction basing on previous reports on performances of the brand (Hollensen, 2015).

Customer Feedback is also highly valued and, therefore, gaining a competitive advantage. The differentiation of the product branding is mainly unique and of its own. The unique taste and flavors make it fit for all consumers due to varied consumer tastes and preferences. The affordability and use of locally produced raw materials make it more viable and very tasteful. Most customers would wish to purchase it for the purposes of trying this unique product.

Its planned marketing strategy mainly aims at digitalizing their operations. This is mainly through the use of social platforms for marketing and also employing a technical team to assist in new brand developments and flavors.

Marketing objectives

First, Simmo’s Ice Cream’s major objective is to outshine other competitors in the market for example Unilever of Britain. Also, it aims at increasing its market through facultative and intense advertisements. This will help in increasing the market penetration and obtaining more feedback from the customers.

Target market

The main target markets for Simmo’s Ice Cream products include but not limited to; tourists, both local and international, families who are out on holidays and also foreign markets not exploited. Low and medium class earners are the ideal target market given that the products are pocket-friendly. The young population is also the target market given that they would prefer to eat these ice creams as a hobby and during their time out. This target market can be easily reached through a chain of various selling points. Also, it ought to be distributed through key retailers.

Product Strategy

When packaging and branding of the product, it is good for the manufacturer to use or have more appealing and consumer friendly packages that are affordable (West et al., 2015). Distinctive packaging helps eliminate doubts of similar packages by customers. Packaging using tetra packs also helps improve the shelf life of the Simmo’s Ice Cream products. Marketing mix is also a key aspect of product strategy. This marketing mix is achieved through differentiation in the product, distribution chain, the pricing and also promotion strategies.

Product design

Simmo’s Ice Cream should design the product in a way that reduces production cost. The product should, therefore, economical. The design should be more appealing given that the customers mainly look at the prices, their appearances and also in terms of prestige depending on their class. The technical team should ensure the right flavors are achieved.

Pricing strategy

Pricing based on time is a key strategy given that demand varies with time. For example, the price can be reduced during winter due to the low demand. Similarly, prices can be a little bit hiked on holidays given the demand. Also, prices can be based on the value and flavor of the product. Simmo’s Ice Cream can also apply their role of price leadership in the Australian market by setting up the prices that are to be adopted by other players in the market. Since they utilize price leadership strategy, the company should set prices that ensure there is a higher contribution margin so as to maximize profits and gather for all costs used in the production, distribution, marketing and branding of the product.

Simmo’s should also utilize decoy pricing strategy. That is Simmo’s can offer at least 3 products and give one product for free. This strategy can encourage clients to purchase more products so as to have a similar product as a discount. The company can also set prices of other products to be higher than the others as a strategy of promoting sales of the lower priced products that has adopted decoy pricing.

The company can also set lower prices when introducing new products. This strategy can be adopted so as to make a product familiar and encourage clients to purchase the product and build customer relationship. However, this strategy should be utilized only for a short period in the marketing cycle.

Place strategy

Simmo’s Ice Cream should locate their shops at strategic points that are easily accessible to customers. At the same time, the cost of the distribution channels should be economical.  They can also choose to do marketing through the internet to enable an online placing of orders. Evaluation of competitors’ strategies is also a key factor. The management should also evaluate the ability of continuous supply of raw materials, and ensure that the product is adequately supplied within all markets in time. This trend helps reduce shortages in some markets. Also required is an effective invoicing system, supply management and control of stock.

Promotion strategy

Promotion is a critical path in the marketing strategy. Simmo’s Ice Cream should engage in intensive advertisement through it unique branding. Advertising is important as it makes products to be familiar in the market. On the same note, promotion promotes goodwill and build image as well as educate and inform the public about the available products in the market. Also, it should aim at persuading the customers into purchasing their products. This goal can also be achieved through giving out of offers and discounts. Successful advertising can be through the print media, social platforms, window display and use billboards and cartoons. Competitive selling is also a key principle here. Competitive selling plays a critical role when it comes to prospecting and quantifying the product depending on the set prices.

On the same note, Simmo’s should engage in extensive sales promotion. That is they should provide incentives to promote their products and obtain a competitive edge in the market. The company should organize seminars and workshops that can be used to sensitize the customers about Simmo’s products. The company should also exhibit their products in business exhibitions that are organized across the country. These exhibitions are important in showing the products strengths and encouraging customers to purchase the organization products.

Finally, when the organization has expanded, the company should use event sponsorship strategy to promote sales and build customer relationship. The company can consider sponsoring popular events such as football games, charity runs and other events that are dear to the people in the market. This strategy often helps to improve corporate image and encourage customer loyalty and thus organization sustainability in the long run.

Poster

Conclusion

On conclusion, an effective marketing strategy will help the company to expand reasonably. The future expansion plans greatly depend on the company’s ability to put in strategies that will help it achieve market leadership. The products of this company enjoy a large market in Australia and recently foreign markets.

The strategies put in place will help it achieve profitability at the same time giving back to the society through employment and purchasing materials locally (Baker, 2014). Through the application of the SWOT analysis, the company can put in place strategies to outgrow the increasingly changing business environment.

Bibliography

Hollensen, S. (2015). Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education.

West, D., Ford, J., & Ibrahim, E. (2015). Strategic marketing: creating competitive advantage. Oxford University Press.

Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan.

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