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Egypt’s cultural attitude Essay Paper

Egypt’s cultural attitude

Order Instructions:

Choose one country from the following: China, Egypt, India, Japan, Saudi Arabia, Turkey or United Kingdom. Using the country comparison tool on the Hofstede Center’s Web site (http://geert-hofstede.com/the-hofstede-centre.html ) compare your selected country’s cultural dimensions with that of the United States. Explore your chosen country’s cultural attitudes toward:
• Individualism versus collectivism.
• Power distance.
• Masculinity versus femininity.
• Uncertainty avoidance.
Respond to the following:
• What do your chosen country’s attitudes on these dimensions tell you about the culture?
• How do these dimensions impact how you will think about communication, supervisor-employee relations, gender, and principles?
• How do these dimensions compare with those of the United States?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

Different nations have different cultures that can be oriented to different aspects such as individual versus collectivism, power distance, and masculinity versus femininity as well as uncertainty avoidance among others. In this paper the comparison of the Egypt culture is compared with that of the United States in view of the general orientation of the cultures, impact on how one may think about the community and the supervisor employee relationship.

Individual versus collectivism: This aspect of national culture touches on the degree of interdependence among the citizens of a given country. According to 6-D models, Egypt scores little on the individualism. This denotes that the culture in Egypt does not encourage individualism. This implies that there is a lot of collectivism in the culture of Egypt. Thus, people are not encouraged to just look after themselves and their immediate families; rather there should be a show of concern to the neighbors that is embedded in the culture of the people of Egypt. Things are totally different in the US. The US scores very high in the individualism. This implies that the national culture in US entertains individualism in the sense that people images are viewed in the perspectives of ‘I’ and not ‘we’. Beekun & Westerman (2012) assert that; The US culture encourages people to mind about themselves and their immediate families without much concern to the neighbors. Hence, there is a lot of collectivism in Egypt while in US, individualism dominates.

Power distance. This aspect of national culture orients to the fact that people are not equal. This reality emanates from the uniqueness of every individual. The inequality then suggests that there is exertion of power by some people towards the others. In the 6-D model, Egypt scores very high in the power distance. This denotes that there is a huge gap in the people that exercise power over the others and those that the power is exercised on them. This denotes hierarchical structures in the societies whereby everyone is grouped according to the power they able to exercise. It denotes the acceptance of the citizens of the unequal distribution of power. Kwok & Levitt (2009) maintain that; the hierarchical structures exist without many questions because it something deeply embedded in the culture of the people. This is very much against the US. The US, according to the 6_D model, scores low on the power distance. This means that there is little gap between those who exercise power and those to whom the power is exercised. It denotes less hierarchical structures in the society.

The differences in the scores of power distance denote differences in the thoughts of supervisor employee relationship. In Egypt, the high scores on power distance portray exertion of a lot of power from the supervisor to the employee. This leads to a negative relationship. The lower score in the same by the US portray a positive relationship between the employee and the supervisor following the less preference of hierarchies involved in the employment relationships.

Masculinity versus femininity: Masculinity orients to the attitude of people towards competition, achievement and success. Success in this dimension is defined by the best person in the field. On the same note, femininity denotes the orientation of a society towards caring for others and the quality of life. Egypt scores low on the masculinity aspect of national culture. This implies that it is much oriented to the femininity. This means that the culture of the people of Egypt is very much tilted towards caring for others and higher quality of life. Success is not defined by the achievement of good quality of life and the appreciation of what one does. Standing out in the crowd does not matter. This is very much unlike the US whereby, the attitudes of competition are displayed right from home to school to the work places. One is encouraged to be the best that they can be. Quality of life is not given much concern; rather it is about being the best because the winner is believed to take it all.

Uncertainty avoidance: This aspect of national culture touches on the way a country deals with the realization that; the future can never be known. Different countries respond differently to the realization that the future can be very much unpredictable. Egypt score very high in this dimension. The implication is that, the culture in Egypt is oriented to structures that resist change. Innovation is not much encouraged as this comes with more uncertainty. Mostafa (2012) notes that; at the individual level, there is much orientation to seek security due to the fear of the future; hence, there is more hard working habit among the individuals. The US scores relatively low in the uncertainty avoidance. This means that there are structures for tackling the uncertainties whenever they happen. It denotes fairly higher degrees of acceptance of new ideas. Innovation is very much encouraged because it is seen as a way of tackling the uncertainty. However, terrorist attacks have led to much fear in the US, hence, the average score due to the need to provide security.

References

Beekun, R., & Westerman, J. (2012). Spirituality and national culture as antecedents to ethical decision-making: a comparison between the United States and Norway. Journal Of Business Ethics, 110(1), 33-44. doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1145-x

Kwok Kern, K., & Levitt, C. E. (2009). THE IMPACT OF NATIONAL CULTURE ON VALUE BASED DECISIONS: COMPARISON OF SAUDI ARABIAN, EGYPTIAN, AND AMERICAN HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS. Academy Of Health Care Management Journal, 5(1/2), 79-96.

Mostafa, D. S. (2012). Popular Culture and Nationalism in Egypt: ‘Arab Lotfi and Egyptian Popular Music. Journal For Cultural Research, 16(2/3), 261-282. doi:10.1080/14797585.2012.647673

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Position outline of Starbucks Essay Paper

Position outline of Starbucks

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Description of Key points of the theory.

Theory’s historical background

Define each term according to the theorist

Explain how the selected theorist approach to each element of the metaparadigm applies to the following:
Nursing practice
Nursing education
Nursing research

Make a grid
Person- definition, applied to nursing practice, applied to nursing education, applied to nursing research

Health-definition, applied to nursing practice, applied to nursing education, applied to nursing research

Nursing-definition, applied to nursing practice, applied to nursing education, applied to nursing research

Environment-definition, applied to nursing practice, applied to nursing education, applied to nursing research.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Position outline of Starbucks

First Starbucks location was opened in year 1971.The hotel begun as a small and single shop focusing on sell of great brewing products and quality coffee. The Starbucks hotel experienced fast growth and went public in the year 1992 and grew tenfold by the end of 1997.Starbucks has established several other locations in the United States, Japan and Singapore. The hotel began expanding its brand around these nations. Various products were added which include the following: The company started providing the quality coffee in the United airline flights, Selling quality tea via Starbucks’ Tazo Tea firm and made use of internet that provided the people with a chance of purchasing their coffee through online means, they began to supply the ground coffee and the entire bean to the supermarkets and also producing quality ice cream made of coffee with Dreyer’s (Garza, 2010). The competency of the company is well-defined as great premium coffee and other products at affordable prices and reachable locations. The company advocates for moral business practices and principles. In the year 2010, the company was voted as the best ethical corporate by the Ethisphere magazine.it is recommended that the company should consider improving its marketing strategies so as to maintain competitive in the market since there many competitors who are up coming.

According the porteric’s generic competitive strategy; the company shows the strategy of differentiation simply because the company provides a great premium coffee. More so it has peculiar know-how within the accessibility of many locations and this separates them from their competitors. The competitive advantage of the company includes; lower cost and differentiation (Allison, 2010).

year	Current ratio	Acid ratio	Equity to debt ratio	Gross profit (%)	Net profit margin
2007	0.7922	0.4713	1.3404	24.02	0.1923
2008	0.8011	0.4902	1.281	20.05	0.1512
2009	1.2901	0.8623	0.84	56.01	0.3154

From the observed ratios above, it shows clearly that the ratio of Liabilities vs. Assets have improved and this was good result considering the uncertain pursuit. The acid ratio reflects the same. The ratio of debt to equity can be seen to decrease and this is indication business stability. The gross profit reflects a huge growth and this was worthy for established business. The net margin ratio within the year 2009 was encouraging and it has viable competitive benefit (LEE, 2011).

VRIO analysis of starbucks company

Capabilities and resources of starbucks hotel	Rare	Value	Exploited	Costly to copy	Competition impact
Strategic and prime location The company is located in a high-visibility,high-traffic locations and the near several settings which include university campuses, office buildings, suburban and downtown retail centers Tap into clients influence factor.	Yes	yes	Yes	No	Offers a temporary competitive advantage
The firm has world brand equity and recognition It has the most known brand within the coffee house and was ranked in 91^st among the best worldwide brands in 2013 Successfully influences its recognized brand equity through licensing its products and merchandizing them	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Strong competitive advantage
Its stores have concepts and aesthetic appeal The stores have a cool factor associated with them and they are visually appealing The firm offer free wifi,warm atmosphere, great service and music.it offers an environment for group meetings points and this form a greater part of starbucks hotel experience. The hotel was designed to reflect the special character of environmentally friendly neighborhood which they serve in	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Greater competitive advantage
Human resource relation and business ethics The employees are knowledge based and builds a healthy corporate culture Have strong human resource management and great corporate culture which translates to better customer service The employees offer great advantage which includes stock options and retirement accounts.the employees are well taken care of.	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Offer strong competitive advantage
Mobile outlets and leveraging technology The company has invested in technology such as starbucks Android and iOS	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Provide temporary competitive advantage
Calt status and customer loyalty The company has maintained goodwill with the communities in which they operate in Have greater social responsibility initiative that are undertaken The company stores are environment friendly,they focus on recycling to reduce waste	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Offer strong competitive advantage

Work cited

Allison, M. (2010). Starbucks has a new growth strategy — more revenue with lower costs. Starbucks has a new growth strategy — more revenue with lower costs.

Garza, G. (2010). The history of Starbucks. The history of Starbucks.

LEE, K. (2011). CASE STUDY: STARBUCKS. CASE STUDY: STARBUCKS.

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Advocating for Victim Services Assignment

Advocating for Victim Services

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Application: Advocating for Victim Services
Only about 9% of serious violent crime victims received direct assistance in terms of help or advice from a victim service agency from 1993 to 2009 (U.S. Department of Justice, 2011). Although social scientists and mental health professionals have done a great deal of work to identify victims’ needs and develop treatment strategies, in the majority of victimization cases no services are provided, either because they are not available or the victim does not seek help.

This week you assessed the needs of victims and researched services that might help their situation. The next step is for you to write a letter to your governor or local lawmakers, articulating those needs and services to policy makers in such a way that they can and will develop a plan of action to make modern victim services a reality. You can use real life examples of victim’s sufferings, a cost benefit model, or both, but your letter should make a convincing case on behalf of victims.

For this Assignment, consider the following crime:

In the local Gruffson district of Peopletown, evidence of a hate crime has surfaced. A 21-year-old recent immigrant from Haiti was found in an alley with severe wounds to his head and body. When the victim was found by garbage collectors early yesterday morning, swelling had rendered his face almost unrecognizable.

Police believe that the man spent the night lying in the alley following a ruthless beating at the hands of a group. Based on early reports, the man heard the attackers yelling, “Go home go home!” as they kicked, punched and pelted him with rocks. The man’s limited English prevented him from understanding the other words of his attackers. Police are treating the incident as a hate crime.

Anti-immigrant graffiti has appeared throughout the neighborhood in recent months and residents indicate that a group of young local men has drawn attention from the authorities for disturbances and harassment of immigrants in public parks in at bus stops

Then read the sample letters on the link

http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/03/28/coalition-letter-support-student-non-discrimination-act

and consider the most effective arguments you can use to persuade lawmakers to support victim services.

The Assignment (3 pages):
• Explain the services currently available in your state (New Jersey) for the victim of hate crime above.
• Explain services not available in your state that might be beneficial for the victim, or recommend revisions or enhancements to existing services.
• Using the sample provided, create a letter to the governor of your state (New Jersey) or local lawmakers explaining what services should be available and explain why.

Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources

SAMPLE ANSWER

Advocating For Victims Services

Hate crimes are ideally traumatizing to the victims. Victims facing such forms of anti-social behavior live with fear, uncertainty and tension. Hate crimes and other social as are confrontational and do promote social hostility within the community. Such acts jeopardize active and open pursuit of opportunity and freedom. Hate crimes mirror a rotten behavior on the society which compromise religious, ethnic and racial heritage of community members. Hate crime can be defined as any unlawful act done in a way to suggest that there is an intention to victimize an individual because of his perceived or actual race, religion, gender ethnicity or sexual orientation (Turpin-Petrosino, 2015). Unlawful act can present itself in form of criminal mischief, harassment, aggravated assault or in any other form of crime punishable by law. In New Jersey, hate crimes suspect are tried under State’s Bias Intimidation Statute.

However this paper provides insights of both existing and no-existing services that might for victims of hate crimes in New Jersey. On the same note, create a letter to the gorenor of New Jersey explaining services that should be available and the underlying reason why such services are imperative in helping victims of Hate Crimes.

Even though it is imperative to punish and educate those involved in hate crimes. Consequently, it is quite important to provide services to the victims of hate crimes. Such services help the victims to cope with many physical, emotional and financial losses incurred as a result of such crimes. And as such helps the victims overcome the trauma of the hate crime.

In New Jersey, victims of hate crimes are helped by religious groups, outreach groups and community organizations who offer guidance and counseling. To help such victims of hate crimes overcome the trauma and psychological torture after being beaten and robbed by hate crime perpetrators. These organizations are also in the forefront in educating hate crime target groups on safety from law enforcement agencies or community based organizations, violence prevention and discrimination. Such education programs help suggest ways of handling hate crimes if they occur and also prepare target groups of victimization to avoid confrontation and thus preventing the occurrence of hate crime.

Law enforcement agencies also play a central role in preventing victims of hate crimes from being victimized all over again. They inform community members through education and awareness visibility. Law enforcement agencies also punish the perpetrators of such crimes in order to discourage such acts from occurring again.

Volunteer groups offer financial aids to the victims of hate crimes to help them overcome their psychological torture and collect the pieces to start life afresh. The victim’s medical bills are settled and a competitive lawyer is hired to help them in their case in the court of law. Such community services help the victims feel appreciated in the community despite the racial, gender or ethnic differences.

The district attorney provides a witness aid services for victims of hate crimes. Such aids help to gather for court related services, social services in addition to counseling services for crime victims, families and witnesses (Turpin-Petrosino, 2015). The District attorney also provides valuable information relating to the prosecution of the case. On the other hand, they help the victims to understand the criminal justice system. Finally, they also inform the victims of their rights in the case.

However, be as it may, victims of hate crimes require many services than the existing services. Individual assistance in providing comfort, education and open discussion still need o be enhanced. Such services help the victims and the families of such victims cope with the situation faster and in the most appropriate manner.

Letter of support for victims of hate crimes covered under state’s bias intimidation statute

Dear Governor

As a resident of your district, Gruffson, peopletown. I am writing this letter to urge you to provide services that are quite essential and can help prevent hate crimes within the neighborhood. It is of profound interest that the state should provide policing services to help prevent hate crimes based on a resident perceived or actual race, ethnic group or their religious background. Such vulnerable group needs explicit police protections. Regular policing within the district is quite important to prevent the underlying crimes and also hate crimes.

The resident of my district who are not natives are living in constant fear of being harassed based on their race and ethnic groups. Ethnic tension is on the rise and people have fear of walking in the night because of insecurity. Recently, a 21-year-old immigrant of Haiti was severely beaten at the hands of a group and left him with severe wounds to his head and body. The immigrant was a victim of hate crime and the perpetrators yelled at him to “go home”. And as such, immigrants living in Gruffson district are seeped with fear and are requesting increase in patrol. Especially in the night to prevent them from being victimized based on their ethnic groups.

We are requesting also that, Perpetrators of hate crimes should also be punished more severely to discourage resident from engaging in hate crimes within the district. We therefore, urge you to support us and help combat these heinous hate crimes by increasing support in our district

Sincerely,

(Insert Name)

References

Turpin-Petrosino, C. (2015). Understanding Hate Crimes: Acts, Motives, Offenders, Victims, and Justice. Routledge.

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Sharing information in supply chains Essay

Sharing information in supply chains

Order Instructions:

I will allow you to write a 2-3 page summary of a current supply chain topic from any company you choose that is related to one of the chapter topics(The Supply Management Handbook, 7th Ed (7th Edition)

SAMPLE ANSWER

Sharing information in supply chains

Introduction

Distributing the order based processed data among the supply chain personnel will give delayed and an exaggerated image of the clients demand. Also, it will maximize the demand accordingly and variability the needs for secured stock. Accuracy in the future demands for information such as forecasting, point of sale data, and customer stock balances will always be present from the stand point of customers. If the demanded information reaches to the suppliers and they are able to use the information to its planning processes, it will have an opportunity or a new chance to optimize customer’s services and at the same time reduce the inventory cost.

For the company to gain from the forecasted oriented information, it is necessary for the company to comprehend the various types of planning information in various contexts.

Concept of sharing information

Supply chain personnel are able to connect with other personnel of different companies and be able to share out the information. To share out the information, it must be an activity while the visibility will have to be a potential result of the processed data sharing that will led to an efficient and effective supply chain, (WANG, 2011).

This concept of sharing information is mostly used when narrating the access to information from the specific locations where the goods will be distributed from, also from the suppliers and lastly to the customer who will consume the goods. This kind of information can be recorded or tracked using radio frequency identification and the use of bar code application. Information distribution can be utilized with references to help obtain information which will be utilized to maximize the control of materials flow. This kind of information is recognized as planning information. The planning information can be either supply related or demand related. The demand related information includes information that is shared between suppliers and clients; customers orders, point of sales, forecasting and available customers orders or stock. For supply related information, it includes supplier stock, advanced notices and delivery that are expected to be delayed.

The value of sharing various types of planning information

Scholars argue that sharing of different information will help an organization to be making dynamic solutions. The solutions will be non stationary in demand and will be in systematic trends. This will be of high value if the demand’s variance will be high; clients will be more reliable than the supplier’s correlation. Also, at times the planning information both the demand related information and then supply related information will mean that the supplier’s inventory will be considered but r the customers; they have to release new replenishments for them.

The value of information sharing

Sharing network have an outcome on the value of the information been shared. It is deduced that the value of information been shared does at times decrease if the sample of retailers increases and vice versa. It can be expressed from a notion of the fact that the bigger population of retailers, the more random variation demanded tends to even out, will reduce the value of the information. The value of information sharing might be affected by whether if the information been shared among only some limited numbers of a organization’s customers or many small customers. It can be concluded that the value of the information sharing will differ depending on whether the information been shared is demand is stationary or non-stationary, (GANS, 2012)

References

Wang, John. Information Systems and New Applications in the Service Sector: Models and Methods. Hershey: Business Science Reference, 2011. Print.

Gans, Joshua. Information Wants to Be Shared. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Review Press, 2012. Print.

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Open minded inquiry Assignment

Open minded inquiry

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Using the web pages associated with the Foundation for Critical Thinking website,choose one of the four topics below and respond to the aspects of the prompt in at least 400 words.

The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. If you would like to refer to APA samples and tutorials, review the APA Checklist within the Ashford Writing Center (https://awc.ashford.edu/cd-apa-checklist.html) located in the Learning Resources tab in the left navigation bar. The only resources you will need to complete this assignment are the web pages of the critical thinking website that relate to your chosen topic. However, if you would like to include other sources, that is encouraged. Just be sure that you utilize the critical thinking web pages as your primary sources of information.

Choose one:
Inference and Assumption
Explain the difference between inference and assumption. Then, present four inferences you have made and connect those inferences to their underlying assumptions. Looking back, which of these were proper inferences, and which were improper inferences? Why?

Purpose, Point of View, and Decisions
Outline a problem that you currently face or have faced recently. Define the assumptions that you have about this issue. Explain your point of view, and outline the information that you have analyzed in relation to this problem. Finally, explain the implications that have arisen or will arise when you respond to this problem.

Valuable Intellectual Traits
Of the valuable intellectual traits listed in the online readings from this week, identify three of them that you believe you need to strengthen. Explain the traits, and then describe how you will attempt to implement actions in your life that will maximize those intellectual virtues.

Open-Minded Inquiry
Using the online reading “Open-minded Inquiry,” identify what you consider to be the three most important attributes that one must have as he or she approaches problems. Explain why you think these attributes are the three most important, and describe examples from your own life, or from the lives of those you know, in which people failed to display those attributes.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Open minded inquiry

In life, people face different problems emanating from various angles. In line with critical thinking and open minded inquiry, there are the attributes that one must have in approaching problems so that effective solutions can be arrived at. Among the attributes that people should have in approaching problems, three are very important. The three important attributes are open mindedness, humility and tolerance.

When approaching a certain problem it is crucial that a person employs the attribute of open humility. This entails the deep realizations that one is always limited as a human being and is always subject to making errors. When one employs the attribute of humility in approaching a problem, they avoid the arrogance that is associated with people who do not embrace humility in approaching problems.

Huo & Zhou (2015) assert that; despite one’s knowledge and expertise in the problem at hand, there is always room for making errors. This realization should make the person approaching the problem to employ humility in the spirit of open minded inquiry. Humility does not entail one to think that they are incapable, rather it only makes one accept the fact that they are limited and they are capable of making mistakes. An example in life where people fail to display this important attribute of open minded inquiry is the teachers who fail to acknowledge that they are capable of making mistakes before the learners. Such teachers do not take correction by the learners on a positive note.

Another important attribute in the approach of a problem in line with the open minded inquiry is the open mindedness. This entails the willingness to take up the relevant ideas in to consideration. Open mindedness in approaching problems is crucial because; it ensures taking on board the relevant ideas from other people who may have serious concerns with the same issue. Shaw (2014) notes that; this important attributes prevents the locking out of ideas that could be useful in solving the problem. Without the attribute of open mindedness it would be easy for a person to dispute the ideas of others following some misgivings on the validity of the ideas. In the spirit of open mindedness in approaching a problem, it is crucial that all seemingly relevant ideas are taken in to consideration so as to come up with a solution. An example of situation where there is failure to demonstrate this attribute is where the ideas of children may fail to be considered because they deem invalid in the face of the ideas of the grownups.

In the approach of a problem, it is important to articulate tolerance as an attribute of open minded inquiry. Tolerance is different from the usual usage of the word where it means grudgingly putting up with something that may not even be worthy putting up with. In the spirit of open mindedness in approaching a problem, tolerance entails permitting that which we may not otherwise have permitted under usual circumstances. With zero tolerance, it is not possible for open mindedness to prevail in the approach of a problem. An example where tolerance has failed to be displayed is when at times I do not tolerate the ideas of parents when it comes to matters of education because of their lower levels of education.

References

Huo, Z., & Zhou, Z. (2015). Approaches to multiple attribute decision making with hesitant fuzzy uncertain linguistic information. Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems, 28(3), 991-998. doi:10.3233/IFS-141244

Shaw, R. D. (2014). How Critical Is Critical Thinking?. Music Educators Journal, 101(2), 65-70. https://www.doi:10.1177/0027432114544376

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Critical Thinking Essay Paper Available

Critical Thinking

Order Instructions:

the Stephen Brookfield Critical Thinking video, and This is Water by David Foster Wallace video. Ask yourself, “Is there a difference between my perception of reality and reality itself?” Respond to this question while considering the following:
What preconceptions do I have in my life that might distort my vision of reality (i.e., create cognitive biases)? To help guide your thinking, consider how Dr. Stephen Brookfield’s preconceptions distorted his vision of reality in the Stephen Brookfield Critical Thinking video or think about the situation of the prisoners in the cave or Wallace’s analysis of the supermarket.

What are steps I can take to overcome my distorted vision so that I might learn to understand more about the world?
Who has enhanced my knowledge of reality?
Who has manipulated my mind in relation to reality?
How can I break free from the bonds of those who seek to manipulate me?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Critical Thinking

There is no difference between my perception of reality and reality itself. As far as I am concerned, the reality I experience is the only reality that exists. The argument that the reality people experience is in itself not real holds no water as it is pegged to the point of view of an external observer. This is because the external observer who may be viewing ‘the bigger picture’ is experiencing his or her own reality. What I cannot experience but can be observed by an external party therefor remains their reality since their cognitive element takes into account what they see. While they can state that they know for a fact that the ‘shadows ’ on my wall are not really what they appear to be, their point of view is also limited by how much of my experience they can see and integrate (Litch et al, 2014).

The manifestation of a distorted experience of reality often stems from the fact that an external observer with a wider point of view or vantage point sees more than me or any other person under observation for that matter. The distortion of my reality however true it may be is something that will only be realized and experienced by the external observer. In the case of something like sleep walking , this opinion of one’s reality means that reality is in itself potentially very dangerous to us if wrongly perceived since to me I may be fully convinced I know where I am going yet in reality my body is moving unconsciously. The inward perception of reality however applies to every-day life as well and this is captured through clichés such as “beauty lies in the eye of the beholder” or “the grass is greener on the other side.”

The cliché about beauty clearly illustrates a fact of life which is that what really matters is what the individual experiences and perceives from his or her point of view. The quote acknowledges that people will have a different opinion on what we appreciate but that is because they see things differently. We cannot however live to please everybody hence the need to appreciate intrinsic reality. The grass being greener on the other side also brings out intrinsic reality. A rich person may seem happy to the public because they have access to virtually everything but in many cases they have just as many personal challenges as everyone else. They will not become happy automatically due to the public opinion.

To overcome my distorted vision however I need to expand my perspective and the most efficient way of doing this is consulting more literature on areas that are relevant to my existence such as my culture, my religious beliefs, my political perspectives and also my personal development. My reality has been enhanced by the people who know me well enough to connect attributes I have to my environment. They have done this through being candid about the mistakes I make or the opportunities I was failing to take in my immediate environment whether it was social, academic or otherwise, making me learn to take advantage where I can and shed the habits I needed to shed.

Politicians, friends, religious leaders and media personalities have manipulated my mind in relation to reality. They do this by aligning whatever they are saying to things I strongly believe making their messages easier to accept without scrutiny. I can break free of the bonds of those who seek to manipulate me by seeking to form independent opinions. This way I will have rational explanations and a much wider point of view with respect to the various parameters of my life. In light of the prisoners in the cave, I can state that I will be able to question the authenticity of the shadows and study them more to find out if they are real or merely reflections of a much greater reality (Smith, 2012).

The video titled “this is the water” gives valuable advice on how to efficiently manipulate one’s social environment through the skills attained in higher education. One can ensure he or she gets the most value out of the relationships he has with other people through an better understanding of their motives.

Reference

Litch, M. M., & Karofsky, A. D. (2014). Philosophy through film. Routledge.

Smith, C. (2012). Like Prisoners in a Cave: A Problematic Search for Identity and Truth in Two Peninsular Novels. Bulletin of Hispanic Studies, 89(6), 615-625.

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Types of corporate shares Assignment Paper

Describe the types of corporate shares and compare the use of shares to bonds and debentures in financing a corporation

Order Instructions:

describe the types of corporates shares and compare the use of shares to bonds and debentures in financing a corporation

SAMPLE ANSWER

Types of corporate shares

Introduction

Shares represent ownership rights to a company while debentures and bonds refer to long term debt instruments that are used by a company to borrow money from the public or private firms mostly at a certain interest rate which is fixed. There are two main types of shares, ordinary shares and preferential shares. Ordinary shares have voting rights and they participate on the sharing of profits in a company. However, they have no guarantee on the profits of the company. Preferred stock has a guarantee on profits and the shares are redeemable at the option of the holder. They have the first right to the assets of the company in case the company goes bankrupt before the ordinary shareholders are paid however they have no voting rights (Chandra, 2007)

Debentures and bonds have no voting rights in the company’s general meetings and they are freely transferable. They are entitled to a fixed rate of interest that is guaranteed.

There are certain types of bonds that can be converted to equity shares. Convertible bonds or debentures can be converted to equity shares at the option of the holders after the lapsed of a stated period of time. The feature of Convertibility in bonds is a way that’s meant to attract the customers to the product by promising ownership rights to the company in future. The other ordinary bonds or debentures are non-convertible debentures or bonds and they cannot be converted to equity shares but they mostly carry higher rates of interest than the convertible ones.

Ordinary shares can be issued according to different classes. Some classes can have different number of voting rights per share. For example class A ordinary shares can have one vote per share while class B have two votes per share.

References

Chandra, G. (2007) Company Law, 3rd Edition; McGraw-Hill Education

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A sole proprietorship a partnership and a corporation

Distinguish among a sole proprietorship a partnership and a corporation delineate the advantages and disadvantage of each describes how the revenues profits liabilities and assets are shared

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distinguish among a sole proprietorship a partnership and a corporation delineate the advantages and disadvantage of each describes how the revenues profits liabilities and assets are shared

SAMPLE ANSWER

Distinguish between a sole proprietorship a partnership and a corporation

Introduction

Sole proprietor engages in a business enterprise mostly as a single director as well as the owner. There are many advantages related with this kind of arrangement. The owner can make quick decisions without consulting anyone. He also shares his profits with no one and he can dissolve the business without consulting anyone. The major disadvantage is that there is no continuity in case of death and the business is not limited. The business cannot be sued or sue in its own name and the owner is personally liable for the debts of the company. The owner cannot also borrow money from the public (Chandra, 2007).

A partnership is also not limited and it can be formed by two or more persons but they should be less than fifty members or as stipulated by law. The partners share all the profits according to their own agreements. Partnerships are simple to create and manage. Partnership also has continuity as in the case of the death of a member the rest of the members can continue with the business. General partnerships have partners who are personally liable for any debts incurred from the business. Limited partnerships have limited liability to its members however it’s more expensive to create.

Corporations have legal personality and they can sue or be sued in their own names. They can also raise money from the public and they have limited liability. They are formed by two or more directors.

The major disadvantage is that they are taxed highly and the process of registering the corporation is longer and requires more money. The company must also publish its accounts annually. Companies declare dividends to the shareholders as profits from the company and which is distributed according to each shareholding. All dividends payable to the shareholders are also taxed.
References

Chandra, G. (2007) Company Law, 3rd Edition; McGraw-Hill Education

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Corporations shareholder rights Essay Paper

Corporations shareholder rights and distinguished between derivative action dissents and oppression remedies

Order Instructions:

discuss broadly held corporations shareholder rights and distinguished between derivative action dissents and oppression remedies

SAMPLE ANSWER

Corporations shareholder rights

Introduction

Shareholders have the right to vote during the annual general meeting and participate in the election of the company officials and directors of the company. The shareholders also have the right to receive any dividends that have been awarded or to receive any bonus issues made. The ordinary shareholders are like the owners of the company and they have the right to be informed on the progress of the company (Chandra, 2007).

However, preferential shareholders only have the right to dividends. There powers are limited to the amount of interest that their rights have against the company.

A derivative action arises where individual shareholders maintain their rights to sue the directors for breaches regarding the corporation as in the case of Donahue v Rodd Elctrotype Co (1975) of New England 367 Mass 578.

The majority shareholders cannot be allowed to oppress the minority shareholders as all the shareholders enjoy equal rights and are allowed to vote fairly as per their shareholdings.

The remedies may involve the court decision to lift the veil incorporation that protects the directors to be sued on their names. They are also allowed to maintain a collection action problem or to derive a claim on behalf of the corporation to sue for breach of duty but the parties must seek the court’s consent before bringing such an action.

Oppression remedies are provided by the court where the directors or the majority shareholders have been oppressive in their actions or inactions against mostly the minority shareholders as in the case of Donahue v Rodd Elctrotype Co above.

References

Chandra, G. (2007) Company Law, 3rd Edition; McGraw-Hill Education

Donahue v Rodd Elctrotype Co (1975) of New England 367 Mass 578

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The duties of directors of a corporation

Order Instructions:

Explain the duties of directors of a corporation we else owes similar duties? what remedies area available for the breaches of duties

SAMPLE ANSWER

The directors of a company are the key personnel that are responsible for the management of the company. In most cases, the directors of the company work collectively as a board in order to the chant the way forward as one sole entity. The articles of association give the board of directors to delegate authority to individual directors as considered appropriate by the company. The duties and responsibilities of directors are statutory duties with their legal capacities in order to drive the company forward. The operations of the directors are closely guarded by the company constitution to ensure that all their work is reasonable and has no conflict of interest. In their duties, the directors exercise independent judgment and are not obliged to accept benefits from third parties. The directors are responsible for drawing policy initiatives for the company in accordance with the scope operations of the company.

In some instances, one or more directors can breach their duties as far as company operations are concerned. However, the law provides for a variety of remedies in the event a director breaches his duties by contravening his moral and legal authority. The remedies for breach of duties include a court injunction or declaration and compensation where appropriate. In the case where the company property is lost, the director can be ordered to restore the company property or account for profits. In case of contract breach, rescission of the relevant contract can be ordered to act as a remedy for the breach of duty. In extreme cases where the director portrays gross violation of the company rules, the director can be dismissed and be replaced with other responsible persons who can act with due diligence.

Reference

Cheeseman, H.R. (2012). Business Law 8^th Edition. Prentice Hall

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