Stratification is about the inequalities that exist between individuals and groups. I also talked about social class. The concept of class is important for analyzing stratification for industrialized societies like the United States. A social class is a large group of people who occupy a similar socioeconomic position relative to wider society. I talked about five aspects of class: (1) Income (2) Wealth (3) Education (4) Occupation (5) Lifestyle. Some sociologists see class groups as identifiable not only according to economic or occupational factors but also on the basis of their consumption patterns, tastes, and leisure pursuits. All these possessions and attitudes end up leading to a particular kind of lifestyle. In the United States, the more money you have, the more you have freedom to pick and chose which consumer items to purchase which will fit in with the tastes of the social class you (believe you) belong to. Along these lines, there is nothing more basic than the food we purchase, or the restaurants where we eat.
That being said, this week’s writing assignment asks you to analyze the websites of two different restaurants in the Orange County/LA area. While thinking about social class distinctions, I want you to examine the restaurant website’s content. What is on their menus? What are the prices of the food and drinks they serve? What kind of vocabulary do they use to describe their dishes, cooking techniques, or concepts What is the restaurant’s overall style of presentation? Based on the website’s content, I want you to think about who are the restaurant’s ideal customers? Would you personally feel comfortable eating there, why or why not? In what ways does each restaurant’s website reflect a highbrow or lowbrow social class?Write 450-500 words for each of the restaurants you choose to examine. That means the total length of your essay should be between 900-1000 words. Please include visuals (screen shots of the restaurant’s homepage, menu, etc etc) in your write ups.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Stratification
Social stratification is a reality not only in the United States of America but throughout the world. There exists a variety of inequalities in the society which are generally based on amount of wealth, level of education, form of lifestyle, type of occupation and the like. These inequalities have led to division of the society into different social classes. By and large, the society is made up of people from the upper class, middle class and lower class. Despite their inequalities, nature dictates that all these groups of people must struggle to survive (Nadrag, Lavinia, and Monica, pg. 9). Of interest to this paper is an analysis of two restaurants within Los Angeles, looking at classes of people they target, the meals they provide and their overall image given that different classes of people are attracted to different restaurants depending on their affordability. The two restaurants selected are Ammo and Cha Cha Cha restaurants.
Ammo restaurant is of the reputable restaurants within LA. Meals offered here keep on changing depending on seasons and guests expected at various times. However, there are some meals that will always be present on the menu regardless of the season. Whenever you pass by this restaurant either for dinner or lunch you must always find different types hot soup, ranging from mixture of lettuces and radishes, that which is prepared from reggiamo, and a mixture of olive oil and lemon at a cost of $12.00. There are also other soups that have been prepared form clams, mussels and white wine, beans and chilli for $15.00.
Other dishes that are also provided by this restaurant include stinging nettle at $19.00, pappardelle at $18.00, Alexander’s brown rice at $18.00, orecchiette at $17, pizza which ranges from $14.00 to $17.00 depending on the type of dish it has been served with. The restaurant also offers sea bass, cherry tomatoes, baby artichokes and herb broth at a cost of $27.00 each. At Ammo restaurant, California grass is with beef at a cost of $18.00 whereas braised short ribs mixed with polenta and horseradish goes at $24.00. French fries, charred rapini and cauliflower are also available at a cost of $7.00 each. Special dishes for lunch at Ammo restaurant include radishes at $5.00, asparagus at $14.00, market lettuces at $10.00, lentil salad at $14.00 and Caesar salad at $14.00 only. Last but not least, all vegetables provided by at restaurant including sprouts, cucumber, tomatoes each sell at a price of $14.00.
Having looked at the menu, it notable the foods provided by Ammo restaurant as not very expensive and people from the middle class can easily afford. Any person who earns about $100.00 in a day can comfortably be served at this restaurant. Personally I would not comfortable eat at the restaurant given that I am still a student who hardly gets any income except for except allowances for my up keep and therefore I would rather go to other restaurants that are relatively cheaper. The restaurant reflects a lowbrow social class due to it is the simplicity and affordable nature of the foods provided.
Some of the visuals retrieved from of Ammo restaurants homepage as follows:
A delicious oven pizza prepared at Ammo restaurant.
Ammo restaurant has the ability to customer menus to suit customer needs in serein environment for guests.
This is just but a brief illustration on how to Ammo catering experts prepare a Maple Leaf Rag. The restaurant offers a wide variety of soft drinks ranging from lemon juice to Black Maple Hill.
The second restaurant found LA area to be analysed goes by the name Cha Cha Cha. For close to 20 years, this restaurant has kept on providing great meals as it is also known to for its outstanding hospitality. This restaurant began form a very humble background as a family affair business but since then it has kept growing to what it is today following various expansions and partnerships from the family members. It is one of the reckoned restaurants in LA.
Cha Cha Cha restaurant has a very rich menu most of which are known to appear in TV shows and Hollywood movies. At this restaurant, guava and goat juice goes at 5 dollars, the famous Jamaican chicken costs 25 dollars, a jerk pork dish is sold at 7 dollars, valenciana, shrimp, mussels, and fish dishes are sold at 18 or 36 dollars each. Shrimp cakes are sold at 7 dollars and this in most cases served with entrees, pastas or even salads. In some special occasions, customers at the restaurant may request for home-made Paellas. The restaurant also provides buffet jerk chicken, mango chicken, paella Verde, camarones Negros, bistec Argentin, salmon negro, curry shrimp for 27 dollars in every two choices per person and 30 dollars in every three choices for every person. In another group of foods, the restaurant offers garlic bruchetta, banana boasts, corn tamales, mushrooms, chopped Roma tomato, chicken sopes, quesadillas, coconut shrimp and brochetta de polo at a price of 15 dollars for every two choices per person and 20 dollars for every three choices per person.
From the analysis of Cha Cha Cha restaurant, it goes without saying that it is indeed a very executive place with only attracts prominent business people and celebrities. This restaurant portrays itself in a very classy way and as a student I would not feel very comfortable eating in this here because it is way above my class. There are so many restaurants that correspondent with my income and therefore I do not have any reason to go for Cha Cha Cha. Without a doubt, this restaurant reflects at the high classes because the meals are relatively expensive. Below follows some images the Cha Cha Cha web page.
Works Cited
Nadrag, Lavinia, and Nadrag Bala Monica,“Socio-Economic Stratification.” Economics, Management and Financial Markets 9.1 (2014): 362-9. ProQuest. Web. 17 May 2015.
Length: 2500 words (excluding references and cover page)
Task: Students should write a 2500-word essay on the following topics:
1) Analyse the statement, ‘ Mental illness is a social problem’ . To examine this question draw on one or two of the concepts of class, poverty, ethnicity, gender or race.
Preparation: Students should read widely prior to completing the essay. This includes all required readings but they should move beyond these to include some other sources. A bibliography is available on Learnline to help you with this process. For any essay of this length you will need to include 9-11 references. Majority of the references (7-9) should be based on journal articles, books, book chapters and peer reviewed papers. You can use websites but citations from Wikipedia are unacceptable.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Mental health is a social issue
Mental problems affect the way a person thinks and behave. There are many types of mental health disorders including depression- this mental disorder is associated with mood swings, this makes people feel hopeless, exhausted and unmotivated. This can also lower the person’s self-esteem. Lowering their appetite and the low spirits lowers the person’s daily activities and may sometimes affect the people’s physical health. In some cases, these diseases can be life threatening and could make the person feel suicidal. Anxiety is another form of mental disorders; which is described by unrealistic concerns about the various aspects of life. The clinical manifestations are comparable to the depression. Other forms of social disorders include obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), phobias, binge eating, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia (Bird Et al., 2013).
The main causes for mental disorders are childhood abuse such as trauma, neglect and violence. Other causes include; poor socioeconomic background such as homelessness, unemployment, genetic factors and physical causes such as head injury. Other medical issues include issues such as brain tumors could result to mental illness. This could also lead to social isolation due to discrimination. There exist different theories that describe the psychotic experiences including biochemical experiences, genetic factors, anatomical theories on the brain structure and environmental theories. Regardless of the causative agent for mental illness, mental health is public health threatening factor that must be addressed. To ensure that the issue is addressed, it is important to explore the concepts that make mental illness a public health and social concern. These concepts include ethnicity, gender and poverty (Wang Et al., 2013).
Despite the fact that a society draws its strength from its cultural diversity, racial, ethnic disparities and poverty has contributed to disparities across all the sectors, hitting hard the health sector. Ethnic minorities have been associated with the highest burden of mental health, which further affects the population growth as well as the society’s productivity. According to World Health Organization, the mental disorder is among the leading cause of disability in the world. The study also reported that 33% of people with disability cite mental disorder as the factor that contributed to their disability (Mental Health across Cultures, 2010). The main reason why social minorities suffer most from mental disorder includes the limited accessibility to quality mental care. This implies that the actual prevalence rate of mental disorder is that is equal to other major ethnic communities, the reduced utilization of mental health resource as well as poor quality of care implies that the ethnic minority have their healthcare demands inadequately provided. Statistics indicate that these minority groups are overrepresented in the society’s most vulnerable population including the incarcerated people and the homeless; and often present higher rates of mental illness as compared to the rest part of the population (Hinojosa, Knapp & Woodworth, 2014).
The greater disability and mental disorder among the ethnic minorities is an issue of concern to the public health because it contributes to reduced opportunities for the society to prosper. The factors that are attributed to reduced economic growth due to poor mental health includes; an increased cost of care, increased bias, fragmentation of the services as well as the societal stigmatization (Ocasio Et al., 2014). Other factors include reduced awareness to cultural issues by healthcare providers, language barriers and society’s fear and mistrust to the scope of healthcare. The cumulative weights of the aforementioned barriers are the main reason for mental healthcare disparities among the ethnic group. These factors contribute to broad day discrimination and stigmatization which affects the population even more. Existing data indicates that mental illness is a global burden. It is associated with burden of increased mortality rates and disabilities in the society. Despite the trend, mental disorders are ranked among the most under diagnosed disorder. Patients also are reluctant to open up to the professional care (Anakwenze & Zuberi, 2013).
Statistics indicates that 2 out of 5 people have mood anxiety and have psychological problems. One of the factors contributing to the widespread of this public health challenge is gender. Arguably, gender is an important determinant of health, especially mental health. This is because it influences various aspects of the society including; the socioeconomic position, society roles, status and ranks; which further affects the rates of accessing treatments. Therefore, gender is an important parameter which can be used to define either the susceptibility or exposure to mental health risks and illness (Goodman Et al., 2015). To understand the exact impact of mental illness in the society, it is important for a society to evaluate the concept of gender discrimination associated with gender based violence. This will facilitate the works of human rights in establishing aspects that requires justice to be readdressed, because it is these injustices which results to poor health and poor economic growth. Research indicates that most of the negative experiences and negative exposures of women increases gender based discrimination; leading to psychological disorders to predominates in women more than men. There has been an escalation of human-trafficking, particularly the women for sexual exploitation. This is a heinous human rights violation and is associated with multiple mental healthcare consequences (Verhulp Et al., 2013).
However, healthcare disparities for severe mental complication such as bipolar disease are inconsistent with findings of mental disparities and gender differences. The disparity is high in low prevalence mental disorders such as anxiety and depression. The general population analysis indicates that depression contributed the global burden of the mental health disease encountered in human health. Depression is experienced two folds higher in women than in men; and is projected to be the leading global health disease by 2020. There is overrepresentation of women in this healthcare disease, and it is ranked as the most contributing factor for disability in this age bracket. This is also characterized with high suicidal rates (Gagna, Vasiliadis & Praville, 2014).
It has been suggested that the development of cognitive function in women depends on the evolution of self-identity (self) and the relationship or interaction between her and the surroundings; and the understanding of truth and mind. A stable mentality requires developing equilibrium interdependence throughout their lives. Therefore, the nurses need to develop sensitive tools when evaluating women’s mental health, one which incorporates issues that seem to affect women and their experiences. The healthcare disparities affect women, in turn their productivity is lowered and in some cases, women could lose their employment. As a result, the society bears the burden of taking care for the family, her children and other basic needs. This becomes the society burden, thus it is important for the public health to identify and implement interventions which will reduce the prevalence of the disease. Clearly, mental illness is a society issue (Wang Et al., 2013).
The healthcare disparities are also associated with the social class. The growing amount of research indicated that there is a link between mental health and poverty. People in the society with low incomes suffer more likely to succumb to mental illness. This is associated with inability to afford the clinical services or to manage the psychological disorder early enough. These people are more likely to experience poverty due to fall in financial care and social position because when the person is unwell, it becomes more difficult for the person to get higher education qualifications (Angantyr Et al., 2015). Additionally, it also gets difficult to get a job due to the heavy stigmatization that exists in the society. Research indicates the increased reluctance for employers to employ people with the history of mental illness or due to disability. This is because they argue that it is more difficult for such people to hold down a job, because they are unpredictable and require more time to concentrate on treatment than they need for getting their jobs done. Employers fear this unreliability concept (Mental Health across Cultures, 2010).
A study conducted on mentally ill people and how they manage their finances indicated that the major concern for mentally challenged individuals is how they live their daily lives. The source for personal finance is the major problem and the main source of distress. One of every three mentally ill person is more likely to be in debts. This also affects the young people from a poor economic background. Study indicated that children from such families are more likely to suffer from Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), self-harming behavior and autism diseases. This is attributable to poor general health events due to emotional distress (Angantyr Et al., 2015). Half of the diagnosed mental health complications are for children who are under 14 years, this implies that children to suffer from mental disorder, particularly if they face traumatic events or live in environments with mental stressors. According to world health organization, poverty is the most ruthless cause of suffering for mankind on earth. This is because poverty is multidimensional as it encompasses a person’s ability to satisfy basic needs, reduced control over resources, poor education and also poor health (Botswick Et al., 2013).
Poverty is identified as the intrinsic factor which impact development and sustenance of psychiatric, emotional and behavioral health of a person directly or indirectly. This indicates that poverty implication into mental illness is immense and it is important to distinguish between the different levels of poverty and how they differently impact mental health of individuals in the society. To start with, the gap between the rich and the poor is widening at an alarming rate. Poverty and social inequality is affecting the society’s physical well-being and mental capacity of individuals in the society. This is because poverty is the main source of psychosocial distress which results to mental health deterioration and increased rates for suicides. People who dwell in these underprivileged community experience poor health because their healthcare infrastructure are underdeveloped; this causes stress and frustrations which could result to disruption of the society due to increased rates of homicide, violence and gender based violence (Angantyr Et al., 2015).
Research indicates that the main cause of mental health complications among the poor is that these people live in environments that possess high level of threatening environmental conditions. For instance, the individuals could be working in unrewarding environments such as depersonalizing work, unrewarding environments and or live in environments that lacks adequate amenities to support their mental health treatment. The exposure to more stressors of life, the increased adoption of maladaptive behavior and the increased vulnerability results to long-term health problems such as increased mental disorders and increased mortality rates(Wang Et al., 2013). Stigmatization is very rampant among people with mental illness, particularly in developed countries. The increased social rejection and discrimination associated with it make it even more difficult for these people to integrate in the society. Yet, mental health complication is continuing to thrive in the society. Statistics indicates that about one in every seventeen Americans suffer from mental illness. The mental health condition is particularly affecting the young generation, and most of them are not accessing care they need. Healthcare systems have made great steps in the management of the healthcare; but towards a wrong direction. Mental health care is still underfunded and this is only continuing to put the populations to more risks (Gagna, Vasiliadis & Praville, 2014).
Mental illness strikes to all members of a population regardless of class, religion or culture. However, the magnitude of the problem is only felt most in the underprivileged community. This is attributable to the reduced access to affordable mental healthcare because most of the individuals are uninsured. Although hidden, mental healthcare economic toll is huge on the economic system. The U.S. spends over $100 billion taxpayer’s money to manage the disease, which excludes the economic costs due to reduced productivity. In this case, the government should explore other strategies which could minimize social challenges such as funding more local clinics and hospitals to ensure that mental health care is accessible even among the underprivileged in the society. Schools should hire even more psychologist to help the deal with the children facing traumatic events or are those who are from family backgrounds with parents suffering from mental illness (Mental Health across Cultures, 2010).
Evidently, the determinants of mental health are multiple including biological, psychological and social factors. From the analysis, the underlying concept that contributes to mental illness is the limited access to proper mental health care. The ethnic disparities, gender disparities and poverty issues escalate mental illness; because the society lacks the appropriate structure and framework to ensure that each member of the society can access adequate and quality care. To protect and promote mental health requires interventions which addresses these determinants effectively, there needs a multifactorial approach to manage the social issue and public health concerns. These include all actions which facilitate the establishments of environments which supports the mental health of individuals so that they can adopt and sustain new healthy lifestyles. It is important to establish a climate that facilitates and protects the political and civil society. The society should establish a climate that is culturally competent and upholds the social economic rights to protect the society (Brittian Et al., 2013).
The policies that are endorsed should not only address the issue of mental illness but should also focus on the other elements that promote mental health include raising the economic status of the underprivileged community. It is also important to involve other sectors such as the education, labor, transport, environment and welfare. Specific mental health interventions include early childhood interventions such as involving the society in psychosocial activities to help the underprivileged persons in the society. It is important to support the children through skills building programs and youth based programs to keep the young minds occupied so that they do not succumb to unhealthy behaviors such as violence. The socio economic empowerments could be achieved through microcredit schemes (Gagna, Vasiliadis & Praville, 2014). This is important because it will empower women into accessing and fighting for their rights such as the reduction of gender based violence, increased access to girl child education, hence reducing the gender based health disparities. The government should also establish programs that are specific and targets vulnerable groups such as the indigenous people, minorities and also the immigrants. Violence prevention programs, housing policies, community development programs, antidiscrimination campaigns and the promotion of rights and opportunities are other important aspects that can be used to support the society and to eradicate mental disorders (Mental Health across Cultures, 2010).
References
Anakwenze, U., & Zuberi, D. (2013). Mental Health and Poverty in the Inner City. Health & Social Work, 38(3), 147-157. doi:10.1093/hsw/hlt013
Angantyr, K., Rimner, A., Nordan, T., & Norlander, T. (2015). Primary Care Behavioral Health Model: Perspectives of Outcome, Client Satisfaction, and Gender. Social Behavior And Personality: An International Journal, 43(2), 287-301. doi:10.2224/sbp.2015.43.2.287
Bird, P., Campbell-Hall, V., Kakuma, R., & the MHaPP Research Programme Consor,. (2013). Cross-national qualitative research: the development and application of an analytic framework in the Mental Health and Poverty Project. International Journal Of Social Research Methodology, 16(4), 337-349. doi:10.1080/13645579.2012.709802
Bostwick, W., Meyer, I., Aranda, F., Russell, S., Hughes, T., Birkett, M., & Mustanski, B. (2014). Mental Health and Suicidality Among Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sexual Minority Youths. Am J Public Health, 104(6), 1129-1136. doi:10.2105/ajph.2013.301749
Brittian, A., Umaa-Taylor, A., Lee, R., Zamboanga, B., Kim, S., & Weisskirch, R. et al. (2013). The Moderating Role of Centrality on Associations Between Ethnic Identity Affirmation and Ethnic Minority College Students’ Mental Health. Journal Of American College Health, 61(3), 133-140. doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.773904
Gagna, S., Vasiliadis, H., & Praville, M. (2014). Gender differences in general and specialty outpatient mental health service use for depression. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 135. doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-135
Goodman, L., Pugach, M., Skolnik, A., & Smith, L. (2012). Poverty and Mental Health Practice: Within and Beyond the 50-Minute Hour. J. Clin. Psychol., 69(2), 182-190. doi:10.1002/jclp.21957
Hinojosa, M., Knapp, C., & Woodworth, L. (2014). Family Strain Among White and Latino Parents of Children with Mental and Behavioral Health Disorders. J Child Fam Stud, 24(6), 1575-1581. doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9961-0
Mental Health across Cultures – A Practical Guide for Health Professionals. (2010). Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing, 17(1), 95-95. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2850.2009.01503.x
Ocasio, K., Van Alst, D., Koivunen, J., Huang, C., & Allegra, C. (2014). Promoting Preschool Mental Health: Results of a 3Â Year Primary Prevention Strategy. J Child Fam Stud, 24(6), 1800-1808. https://www.doi:10.1007/s10826-014-9983-7
Verhulp, E., Stevens, G., van de Schoot, R., & Vollebergh, W. (2013). Understanding ethnic differences in mental health service use for adolescents’ internalizing problems: the role of emotional problem identification. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 22(7), 413-421. https://www.doi:10.1007/s00787-013-0380-3
Wang, Y., Johnson, J., Shu, B., & Li, S. (2013). Towards the development of a gender-sensitive measure of women’s mental health. J Clin Nurs, 23(9-10), 1227-1234. https://www.doi:10.1111/jocn12346
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The first part is a description (the who, what, where, when) of the breach you conducted. I don’t want this part to be overly analytical of other people’s behaviors or your own. I want you to describe the breach in as much hard-boiled detail as you can. In other words, I want you to describe your techniques for creating trouble in a familiar scene of life.
The second part of this write up is analytical. I want you to (1) identify the social norm you breached, (2) discuss how other people responded to your breach, and analyze the “repair work” of other people in order to bring the situation you breached back to “normal.”
The first and second parts must be between 500-600 words each. Total length of this assignment: 1000-1200 words.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Breaching Experiments
Breaching experiments concept relates to the work of Harold Garfinkel and aims at examining the way people react to violations of social norms or rules commonly accepted by the society (Rafalovic 156). Different people react to situations they do not anticipate in different ways. This paper therefore deliberates on the techniques for creating trouble in a familiar scene in life and identifies the social norm breached, how people responded to the breach and repair work that helps to bring the situation to normal.
In our day-to-day lives, we breach these social rules and norms even without ourselves noticing. The reactions of people close to us in most cases indicates that one has done something or reacted in a manner that is not socially accepted or anticipated. Sometimes people may as well create trouble in familiar scenes of life full aware of what they are doing. As an individual, I have find myself acting and behaving contrary to the social norms and rules. This has happened at various occasions at home, school and even at my workplace. Most of the times, this has happened with my full awareness but some instances have happened without my understanding and awareness. For instance, when I was at school, I could find myself asking for clarifications during conversation with my friends on various topics. At the time, I could not understand what exactly I was doing. The technique I can say that I use to cause trouble in situations that I am familiar such as home is the use of background expectancies. This technique enabled me to interpret and decide on how I should behave or act in specific social situation. I do understand that situations and circumstances do vary and the expectation of the people around you as well may vary based on their socialization and other factors such as level of education and so forth. I would make these background expectancies visible by becoming a stranger to the life implying that I produce disorganized interactions n as a way of exemplifying how the structures of activities people engage in on daily basis are created and maintained. For instance, in our culture, it is expected that people of young age show respect to their elders. As a sign of showing respect, the younger is expected to give a seat to an elderly. Doing contrary to this in a society is viewed as going contrary to the social norms and even will lead to ridicule from the members of society. Therefore, in such scenarios, my technique for creating trouble is based on first analyzing the situation and the expectations of the society. The technique I use in such cases is to ignore that I am not aware of what is going on. These behaviors therefore shield me from the public ridicule. Therefore, it becomes very important to understand how to act in these situations to salvage oneself from the wrath of the society who my perceive that you have gone astray. Such behaviors as well contribute to trouble as it elicits criticisms from the members of the society.
Part 2
In our day-to-day interactions, we breach many social norms and rules, some of the norm that people breach are consciously breached while others are not. One of the social norms I breached is failing to respect the queue until my turn to receive service comes. This situation occurred when I visited a bank to deposit my cheque. The queue was long and I was in a hurry. I was tempted to breach the rules and pass a number of people that were already in front of me. It is social norm for people in my culture to follow queues as a sign of respect when waiting for services. The social norms that they use are based on the premise of first come first served. Therefore, coming late and passing those already on the queue is an offense to people especially those that came before you.
When I walked to the counter, people on the queue reacted differently. The bottom line of their reactions was anger and feeling of disrespect. I remember one of them shouting at me and telling me to stop disrespecting them. He was so furious and shouted to an extend that he caught the attention of the people around the bank seeking other bank services. Another person, rebuked me and insulted me, ‘these young people are manner less”. Another person summoned the security officer at the entrance and told him to prevent behaviors of people that are not patient enough on queue threatening that he would also jump the queue if the situation was not contained. I remember one young man who came and tried to grab me and through me out of the queue claiming that, I was not acting in a civilized manner. Their facial expressions and body movements annoyed many of the people. The faces of people I have jumped were pale and full of creases, some begun murmuring and throwing their hands in the air as a way of expressing their annoyance. They exemplified these behaviors in a glimpse of time I decided to breach the norms and jump the queue.
Bringing the situation back to normalcy took some considerable time. The people that had been angered by my actions would not let this habit go on. They had to do what is known as’ repair work’ to contain the situation and curb such incidence of people passing the queue. They vowed in unison to gang against any person that would not follow the queue. They resolved that no individual should allow any person not formerly on the queue to jump them. They as well had to report the matter to the security officer so that he ensures that all the people that need services follows the queue and no one should pass others. I had also to ask for their forgiveness. I had to talk to them and inform them what drove me to behave in this manner and requested for their forgiveness. Many of them even though could not accept my apologies; it however helped to bring their tempers down. The only mistake I did is that I did not inform them or sought the intervention of the person in charge to request me jump over the queue.
In conclusion, as human beings were are expected to act and behave consistent with the social rules and norms. However, we found ourselves acting and behaving contrary to these expectations. It therefore, important to remain sensitive about our behaviors and circumstances we found ourselves to avoid breaching some of the social norms and rules.
Work cited
Rafalovich, Adam. “Making sociology relevant: The assignment and application of breaching experiments”. Teaching sociology 34.2 (2006): 156–163. Print. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20058471
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M6A3: Professional Role Socialization Paper
The Associate Degree in NURSING program at Excelsior College is designed for individuals with significant clinical health care experience. This means that all students have provided some aspect of health care for patients. Transitioning to the role of the Professional Nurse requires development of a new framework in your approach to patient care. The process of role transition requires you to reflect on what knowledge and skills you bring as a student and how you transform into the role of the professional nurse. While not all students in the program are licensed PRACTICAL NURSES similarities exist in the evolution of your current position to a new role.
Using APA format, write a six (6) to ten (10) page paper (excludes cover and reference page). A minimum of three (3) current professional references must be provided. Current references include professional publications or valid and current websites dated within five (5) years. Additionally, a textbook that is no more than one (1) edition older than current textbook may be used.
Read the following and then compose your paper:
Chapter 4: Role Transition (Reprinted with permission from: Lora Claywell (2009) LPN to RN Transitions 2nd ed.) St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.)
Ellis & Hartley (10th ed), Nursing in Today’s World. Chapter 1, pp. 26-28, Characteristics of a Profession.
The paper consists of five (5) parts and must be submitted by the close of week six.
Part I: Define professional socialization. Using the criteria for a profession described in the assigned readings, discuss three (3) criteria of the NURSING profession which support professional socialization.
Part II: Refer to the Four Stages of Role Transition listed at the end of the Module Notes for this module. Read and summarize each stage. Then, identify the one stage which you are currently experiencing and support your decision.
Part III: Identify two barriers which may interfere with accomplishing Claywell’s FOURTH stage of role transition. For each barrier, describe two (2) resources to overcome each one. (total of 4 resources).
Part IV: Claywell (2009) discusses 8 areas of differences between the LPN and RN roles: Assessment skills, Patient teaching skills; Communication skills; Educational preparation; Intravenous Therapy; Legal responsibilities; NURSING care planning; Thinking skills. Choose three (3) differences and provide supporting evidence how the differences you selected are implemented AND why they are such an integral part of the RN role.
Part V: Conclusion. Describe your plan for socialization into the role of the professional nurse.
Compose your work using a word processor (or other software as appropriate) and SAVE it frequently to your COMPUTER. Use a 12 font size, double space your work and use APA format for citations, references, and overall format SAMPLE ANSWER
Professional Role Socialization Paper
Professional socialization is process which a LPN must undergo so that she/he becomes a registered nurse. There are two processes. Formal socialization which entails process of planned educative experiences. These include physical assessment, diagnoses, developing patient care plan and patient education. On the other hand, informal socialization entails experiences from the process of learning such as evaluation of laboratory reports before medication administering. For a person to progress to RN, these two types of socialization are necessary. As RN, one is required to do routine exercises. This requires the ability to separate thinking processes from of practicing nurses. The person needs to visualize themselves as a nurse who has the capacity to provide quality care and patient centered care of patients and not just basic care. Therefore, socialization into registered nursing will entail formal and informal lessons, and a change in the process of thinking (Ares, 2014).
Transition from LPN to RN involves role socialization. Role is defined as set of expectations which are defined by the society as ethical or unethical in patient care. Each set of behaviors facilitate the formulation of performance checklist which is used to meet the expectations of the society. The roles of RN are having many elements which bring forth brilliant quality care to patients. Without each of the criteria and the elements, the role of nurses would not be very appealing. One of the most recognized criteria is that RN is a care provider. This entails functions such as screening of the patient, health promotion and establishing effective interventions which will facilitate restoration of the health. This is important because the RN is more frequently exposed to joys or sorrows which are experienced by the family members during the illness. In this case, the RN acts as a counselor. They usually have a scientific educational background which would assist them to adequately identify and promote patients demands (Goodfellow, 2014).
In the increased dynamic healthcare sector, patients are becoming more involved in the healthcare today more than before. This implies that they have to be informed adequately about the health care aspects and those affecting the general republic. The RN has a functional role as an educator. The RN is expected to provide quality care on nutritional, treatments and other information pertinent to healthcare information. This includes community teaching, CPR courses, answering questions on maternal mothers. Again, the nurse acts as a manager. The role of RN includes supervision of the healthcare, planning, and coordination of patients, families and other members of the community. To be effective for this function, one should possess capacity for decision making purposes and ability to solve problems. These are all vital aspects for professional socialization (Claywell, 2009).
Transitional stages
RN professional socialization pathway takes a person through four transition stages before one becomes fully acknowledged as a full Registered nurse. During the program, the student is expected to face some obstacles and challenges; depending on the student’s character about nursing, one may move from one stage to another faster than the peers. The first LPN/LVN to RN stage begins when a nurse enters a completion program for RN i.e. the instant when the nurse considered making an application. This point is characterized by various emotions including joy and fulfillment for facing a new challenge and career progress and worries of failure and not meeting the demands required by the program. At this stage, the student seems to be a bit anxious. At the beginning, the student seems to be skeptical as to actually there is much to be taught about, especially because most have practiced nursing for a long period of time. Some have an attitude because they are overconfident of their abilities and experiences as nurses; thereby challenging the fact that there is much more to learn in nursing (Ares, 2014).
Later in the program, the student enters stage two. This stage is characterized by mixed feelings especially those related to the dissonance of the students’ abilities. As more education material is presented to them, they start viewing nursing education in a new way, a way which they were unfamiliar earlier on. The grading systems changes completely as compared to practical nursing programs. The grading system and requirements are strict and very demanding, this may discourage the student and may feel incapable to successfully complete the program; which may make a student frustrated and very anxious. For instance, when nurse student is on clinical rotations, it is possible to find most of students tend to offer LPN/LVN patient care, and feel inadequate when challenged with ethical dilemma issues (Claywell, 2009).
As a result, the patient possesses self-doubt and high insecurity at this stage of professional socialization. The third stage entails the attitude of letting go the previous ways of thinking; and the acceptance of new way of thinking and behaviors. The nurse students develop new insights into learning needs of a person, and may display willingness to adopt new knowledge in nursing and skills. In this stage, the student seems happy and satisfied in the manner in which they managed to meet the challenge. They also enjoy the new information gained. The students in this stage are less frustrated or getting anxious about their failures, but rather seem to focus on their goal. The student in this stage is more relaxed. Stage Four is the final stage; this stage is described by completely adopting attitudes and incorporates behaviors of a registered nurse in their daily activities. Most students feel more knowledgeable, and often find more pleasure in achieving higher education level. The students at this stage are more prepared to find comprehensive care (Goodfellow, 2014).
Currently, I am in stage three of transition. Though challenging, I have learnt to let go the practical nurse thinking process. For instance, I have learnt that comprehensive care requires critical thinking processes. This is especially when it comes to care planning. As a practical nurse, I was required to only identify common health issues and to participate in helping the patient have better healthcare outcome. However, through the learning process, I have learnt to use the healthcare problems and complications to solve problems by formulating healthcare plan; through establishing mutual benefit with the family, patient and other healthcare teams. Also, as a registered nurse, I have learnt to supervise the implementation of the care plan and to reflect on the outcomes. In this stage, I have learnt that as a RN, I am more oriented to designing, implementation and evaluation of the plan of care, for quality outcome (Ares, 2014).
Fourth transitional stage barrier
Some of the barriers faced by RN during the transition stages include segregation by the peers. This is because the programs teaches one to perceive problems and issues which peers may not perceive. The peers could fell overwhelmed by the immense knowledge the nurse have, and the well-articulated decision making processes. The best resource to address this problem is RN to teach skills taught during the program. This will enhance quality of care in the healthcare facility and also make other LPN/LVN get interested in following the pursuit, consequently, an enhanced care process. The health care facility can also organize nurse empowerment programs, whereby the best LPN nurses are partially sponsored to enroll to the RN program (Goodfellow, 2014).
Secondly, the RN may feel frustrated and overwhelmed due to the over expectations. This is especially when they are assigned the RN roles at place of work such as leadership. Managing interpersonal relationship with other LPN/LVN peers is an issue. Balancing between work attributes and as well lead as a servant could be one barrier. In this case, the program must prepare the student adequately to manage their psychosocial stability. This will ensure that the student does not suffer from emotional outburst. The work environment should be observed to ensure that the nurses advancing their studies are not bullied, sidelined or laid off for unnecessary reasons such as prolonged leave to attend to their program schedules such as practicum (Price, 2009).
Differences in LPN/LVN roles as compared to RN roles
Care planning is among one of the differences between the roles. The process is very important during patient care. Whereas the The practicing nurse role in care planning entails identifying of common patient problems, and helping patients meet their demand; the registered nurses use these challenges to formulate care plans and to empower the patient so as a mutual goal is attained. The RN programs teach on nursing diagnosis process in broader context than in practicing program. The RN tends to be more oriented in designing and implementation process as well as the outcome evaluation and care plan reflection process (Dinmohammadi, Peyrovi, & Mehrdad, 2013).
Legal responsibilities are also roles which LP/LVN and RN differ significantly. In some cases, the practicing nurse could be put in charged in areas where RNs roles are required, including long term healthcare facility. The practicing nurse is able to meet this challenge because they do have little preparation and background in management theory. Roles such as team leader, managerial tasks, nurse administrator and charge nurse are often accorded to registered nurses because their experiences and education background have prepared them sufficiently for such tasks. In other word, the situations which demand higher level of thinking processes and judgment are given to RN (Kramer, Et al., 2011).
Communication skills are necessary for all nurses, irrespective of their level i.e. registered or practicing nurses. Therapeutic communication is normally introduced at LPN/LVN level with the aim of preparing the students to effectively interact the healthcare team and the patients. However, due to the limited time, the topic is not taught extensively. On the other hand, the registered nurses are taught on how to handle abnormal and normal communication processes, especially when making patient physical assessment. The RN are also given chance to interact with patients with behavioral issues and complications. To ensure that the nurses complete courses in communication, the RN is also required to complete psychology courses as well as sociology courses. This ensures that they have a better understanding of behavioral cues which might communicate important clues to communication (Farrell, Payne, & Heye, 2015).
These three aspects indicate how RN and LPN/LN are differently prepared to deal with the patient. This does not imply that some nurses are equal than others. No, practicing nurse is equal to RN, irrespective of the licensure. However, it is important for a practicing nurse who is undergoing transition to registered nurse differentiate roles between the two nursing concepts, and be in a position to adopt the new ways of thinking on nursing care. This will involve the nurse developing eagerness attitude and be willing to assume new roles and responsibilities; this also ensures that the nurse sees the real benefits for advancing their education level (Ares, 2014).
Conclusion
Given these implications, the student should honor the feelings of legitimacy developed during the transition process. The student should ensure that they use any opportunities available to interact with the instructors and RN at work place in order to understand the experiences. The student should strive to evaluate their progress; they should feel different about themselves. The student should also strive to achieve the learning goals and integrate the new experiences in their day to day activities. Although challenging, the student should be trained to be make critical decision making and process. This makes them reason before acting on something, making the person evaluate the best intervention as evidenced by research. As a nurse student, it is their responsibility to continue researching and to continue to gain as much knowledge as possible through the guidance of RN seniors and the RN professors in the university.
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Create a 10- to 15-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® that identifies and analyzes curricular issues unique to the school level–elementary, middle, or high school–of your choice.
Include speaker’s notes and an APA-formatted references slide.
Create a one-page handout that could accompany your presentation
SAMPLE ANSWER
Identifying Key Issues and Trends in the Specific Content Area
To start with, the development of an elementary curriculum entails research that evaluates recent issues and patterns in the area of study, both within the district and the country at large. This study permits a curriculum committee to determine key issues and patterns that will underpin assessment needs that ought to be conducted and the postulation to be created. Research usually starts with a board’s discussion and interpretation of learning centered content from curriculum suggestions. Board members ought to examine what is presently being taught in the curriculum. They are expected to examine state and national specifications in the discipline. Board members should equally be presented with latest district CMT as well as CAPT results and be conversant with the instructional sources and evaluations in use throughout the scheme. Moreover, the board should become accustomed to newly accessible instructional content, especially those that might eventually be incorporated to help rollout the new curriculum. Board members have the obligation to widen their viewpoints and collect data by visiting other school systems that are identified authority in education. As an outcome of this procedure, board members are expected to determine most of the following issues and patterns that will require to be stressed as the prospectus formulation process moves ahead:
Fulfilling the needs of all learners;
Getting acquainted with theory and other mental results on how learners get to grasp information
What defines developmental readiness or relevance
Present objectives of the discipline
The information for and willingness for transformation on the part of the educator.
Accessibility of resources
The role and accessibility of content and technological input
Planning issues
Profession growth.
Create a Microsoft® word document ® that identifies and analyzes curricular issues unique to the school level–elementary, middle, or high school–of your choice.
References
DOYLE, WALTER. (2006). “Curriculum and Pedagogy.” In Handbook of Research on Curriculum, ed. Philip W. Jackson. New York: Macmillan.
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Choose an argument that you found online (you may utilize an argument from a video posted online, a blog, a news source, a political website, or any other resource that will allow you to satisfactorily meet the requirements of the assignment). You may also select from this week’s relevant recommended resources.
Once you have selected your source, you will then evaluate the argument being presented in the source in an essay of 400 words. In your evaluation:
Identify the issue, the premises, and conclusions of the argument.
Determine whether the argument is sound or unsound (deductive), valid or invalid (deductive), or strong or weak (inductive).
Explain why you have chosen to label it as sound or unsound, valid or invalid, and/or strong or weak.
Use the “Steps for evaluating an argument” template for assistance with structuring your evaluation; however, you should construct and submit your evaluation in an essay format. Do not merely turn in a bulleted outline.
The essay must be 400 words in length, excluding title and reference pages, and formatted according to APA style. For information regarding APA formatting, including samples and tutorials, visit the Ashford Writing Center, located within the Learning Resources tab on the left navigation toolbar in your online course. The only required resource for this assignment is the media object or written work you analyze. This should be the piece that you primarily use to complete this assignment. Secondary sources are welcome but not necessary, and they should not be used in place of the argument piece you analyze.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Bill Cosby Rape scandal gained national notoriety because of his name recognition. All along Bill Cosby in additions to being a comedian, had been casted in roles where he represented a stable family and an honest hardworking dad and man who the American man could look up to. Thus when the allegations first broke, it was a shock to most people. The issue thus is ‘did Bill Cosby rape the women who alleged he did?’ From the evidence available, it is up to the consumer of the information to decide which side presents a strong argument.
In this argument are two sides of the story. On one side are the women who claim to have been raped by Bill Cosby on diverse dates. On the other hand there is Bill Cosby who claims that all this allegations are nothing but a witch hunt and have no truth in basis. What Giles and Jones (2014) have done is to chronologically capture all the happenings that have surrounded the scandal. They have developed a timeline that traces the scandal back from the day it broke to present – all arguments for and counter arguments against are all captured.
It has been argued by supporters of Bill Cosby and by the man himself that these allegations are nothing better than a witch hunt.
However, the women who have leveled these allegations cannot just be dismissed as noises of disgruntled women. From the time the allegations first appeared in Jan 2005, the women keep emerging and the similarities of their stories and the details that they have demands that their allegations be investigated deeper. Similarly, the details that they reveal are such that they cannot have been fabricated.
On his part, Bill Cosby and his supporters argue that should these allegations hold some truth, they should have emerged earlier – preferably when they happened. Similarly, they argue that should the allegations hold value, then Bill needs to be charged in a court of law and given his day to present his side of the story.
Both sides present a compelling and valid argument. What Giles and Jones (2014) have done is offer a platform where both sided of the story may be tracked. They have collected all arguments as presented by both sides of the argument when they were argued and presented them in a chronological order allowing a first time reader follow the story from when it broke to present. They have made sure not to come out as being biased towards one side and have presented both arguments as they have been put forth by each side.
Both sides of the argument present strong cases that are not based on hearsay or generalization but on claims of facts that each side claims are verifiable. The women bringing the allegations offer compelling arguments which do not have logical fallacies. The case is the same for Bill Cosby side. This thus offers the reader compelling arguments that they can thus use to come up with their own conclusion based on information available. Giles and Jones (2014) thus make for a good read. By offering both sides of the argument, they allow the reader to come to an informed conclusion.
Larson, A. A., Britt, M. A & Kurby, C. A (2009) Improving Students Evaluation of Informal Arguments, Journal of Experiential Education, Vol. 77, No. 4, pp. 339-345
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Critically discuss the following statement: ‘Both domestic and global inequalities highlight the inevitability and functionality of stratification’.
You must make use of the following references.
Emmison, M. (2015). Social Class and Cultural Mobility Reconfiguring the Cultural Omnivore Thesis. Journal of sociology, 39(3), 211-230. (This is a challenging but worthwhile reference)
Fevre, R. & A. Bancroft (2014) Dead White Men & Other Important People: Sociology’s big ideas.
Palgrave, New York. Chapter 13. Pp. 191-208.
Hage, G. (2016) ?Insiders and Outsiders.? In Beilharz, P & T Hogan (eds), Sociology, Place Time & Division, Melbourne: Oxford University Press:3426.
Henslin, J., Possamai, A and A. Possamai-Inesedy (2013) Sociology: A Down to Earth Approach, Pearson Australia, Frenchs Forest, NSW. (Please refer to the
chapter on Stratification). https://trove.nla.gov.au/work/7258230
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The Main Theoretical Approaches Applied by Sociologists Discuss some of the main theoretical approaches applied by sociologists. 1)Essays MUST have their pages numbered. (except bibliography). The Essay assignment must be no more than 6-8 pages in length,. Essays must be typed and double-spaced, in 12 point font, preferably Times Roman.
The Main Theoretical Approaches Applied by Sociologists
Your essay must include a bibliography. You must use the American Psychological Association Style (APA) for format and citation.
2) Bibliography & Academic Sources
An academic source is written by a scholar. Usually, it comes in the form of a book (published by a University Press), or peer reviewed articles that come
from periodic journals found either on- line or in libraries. The easiest way to find a journal article is to do an on line search (through the University
library site). Generally, it is best to rely more heavily on journal articles than books for your research papers. This is because journal articles are
shorter in length and usually address a more specific research question. Additionally, it is easier to find lots of up to date journals than it is to find
new books.
At a MINIMUM: The bibliography should contain 3 or 4 books, excluding the course textbook, and 2 or 3 journal articles. Some internet references are
acceptable, though NOT Wikkepedia, as this is not a scholastically reviewed source of information. You may include non-academic sources as ?extras? but these
types of sources generally do not contribute much to an academic paper.
When using internet sources, students should give preference to academic sources, i.e. those web pages produced via university, or government departments. In most cases, internet sources should be considered supplemental to the main bibliography.
Online journals, from credible academic institutions, are acceptable as part of the journal article requirements for the bibliography. Please note that if
you retrieved on line journal article from the library website you DO NOT NEED to include the website link in your bibliography. Just include a regular
bibliographic citation of the journal article:
Huntington, Samuel P. (1993). ?The Clash of Civilizations?? Foreign Affairs (72) pp.24-49.
The Main Theoretical Approaches Applied by Sociologists Introduction
An introduction is meant to present the author’s main argument(s) to the reader. A good introduction will start by broadly framing the topic, defining key
terms and definitions that will be used, and briefly mentioning some of the debates that are associated with it.
4) Thinking it through: thesis statement and major subheadings.
A general rule of thumb in an undergraduate paper is to have three main subsections that give slightly different arguments of the same thesis statement.
5)Typically, a well organised paper will have about five subsections all together:
Introduction
Sub-section #1 (example: The Curse of ?La Malinche?)
Sub-section #2 (example: The Mestizo and Other Mexican myths
Sub-section #3 (example: Orientalism in Mexican Art)
The Main Theoretical Approaches Applied by Sociologists Conclusion
6) Citations
In social science, paraphrasing an author is generally preferred over quotes:
According to Runge, the benefits of common property include avoiding the costs associated with private property, protection against the uncertainty of
shifting natural resources, and the transition costs associated with changing traditions that are connected to certain ways of life (Runge, 1992: 33).
According to Runge, the benefits of common property include avoiding the costs associated with private property, protection against the uncertainty of
shifting natural resources, and the transition costs associated with changing traditions that are connected to certain ways of life (Runge, 1992: 33).
There are circumstances when quoting an author cannot be avoided; this usually occurs when someone has said something that is so succinct and descriptive
that it becomes hard to paraphrase them without losing some meaning:
Edward Said writes that the narratives created by the West reflects the belief that Middle Eastern people are ?dark, chaotic and only respond to force?
(Said, 1978:52).
If you feel that it is absolutely necessary to quote an author for an entire paragraph, you MUST indent the quotation and use a smaller font:
In Chapter 3, entitled Colonizing Knowledges, Linda Tuhiwai Smith explains that spiritual wholeness is the last frontier where Aboriginals have been able to
evade the colonising clutch:
The arguments of different indigenous peoples based on spiritual
relationships to the universe, to the landscapes and to the stones,
rocks insects and other things, seen and unseen, have been difficult
arguments for Western systems of knowledge to deal with or accept.
These arguments give a partial indication of the different world
views and alter Aboriginal ways of coming to know, and of being, which still endure within the indigenous world. Concepts of spirituality which Christianity attempted to destroy, then appropriate,and then to claim, are crucial sites of resistance for indigenous peoples. The values, attitudes, concepts and language embedded in beliefs about spirituality represent, in many cases, the clearest contrast and mark of difference between indigenous peoples and the West. It is one of the few parts of ourselves which the
West cannot decipher, cannot understand and cannot control?
yet (1999: 74).
Choosing to include a large quote like this obliges the author to very carefully analyse the content, in some cases picking out certain words and discussing
alternative meanings. This writing strategy is used most often in literature or from authors who are writing from a post-modern perspective.
Whenever you paraphrase an author, or even refer to his/her work more generally, you must give them credit. The best way to do this is by using an embedded
citation. The best way to do this is through the author-date-page style:
Living in their respective communities and growing food has been the central method of keeping their cultural and linguistic distinctiveness. This applies
especially to maize which has greater symbolic meaning to the culture of the Maya people in Southern Mexico (Morales, 866:1997).
In social science, you should never use footnotes for text citations. Footnotes should only be used when you want to tell the reader something that does not
fit in the text.
In social science, you should never use footnotes for text citations. Footnotes should only be used when you want to tell the reader something that does not
fit in the text.
7) The Importance of Analysis
An analysis is the most important part of your paper; in essence, learning how to process, and think about knowledge, is the whole foundation of a university
program. A strong analysis will explain, interpret, criticise and even extend the work or ideas of other people in order to say something new and
interesting.
When you are trying to make a point or an argument in a paper, you will most likely begin by telling the reader what other people have said that this
subject. After you have done this, you may want to explain either why you think these authors are correct (and thus support your argument) or why they are
incorrect, or have left something out.
An analysis is where YOU can really shine as a thinker; the key is to be PHILOSOPHICAL. You must show the reader that you can do more than just memorise
theories and data; you can actually think of something creative to say in response to the work that you have learned and read. You can also use an analysis
to evaluate the theories used in your paper. What do they explain? Is there anything that they cannot explain? What/whom do the theories leave out? This is
an opportunity for you to reflect about the nature of society and culture.
In this example of an analysis, the author is interpreting the meaning of some famous Canadian paintings; the paintings are criticised and shown to be
symbolic of European power in Canada:
In illustration of its identity, Canada has often relied upon artwork to communicate its image to citizens and people abroad. The Canadian state has captured
the essence of its early days in the art of a cluster of painters called ?The Group of Seven.? Much of their work shows Canadian landscapes completely absent
of any man made amenity including [wo]man [her]himself. The tangle of trees and bush, lakes, rivers and rocky shores are meant to show the great Canadian
wilderness as it may have appeared to the ?first? European settlers.
That no people are shown in the landscapes is very telling of how the early settler authorities viewed the First Nations; as being invisible or negligible ?
a complete testament to Terra Nullius (Scott, 2006: 481). The absence of Indigenous inhabitants from The Group of Sevens? work sets the stage for a Canadian
history that was ?earned? by hardworking and fearless explores whose descendents were able to tame the dense wilderness thus making Canada what it is today.
The Aboriginal inhabitants, who lived off of the land for thousands of years prior to European arrival, are no less fixed in this scenario; they are fixed
outside of the process by which Canada became settled, as evidenced by their absence from the paintings.
8)Conclusion
You conclusion should re-visit the main points of the paper and elaborate on slightly about ?what it all means? in the context of your putting all of your
points together. Although you may wish to touch on some ideas for future papers or research, you should not bring up new points or ideas that have not been
already discussed in the paper. The length of a conclusion could vary depending upon paper length. For an 8-10 paper, you should have anywhere for a half
page to three quarter page conclusion.
9) Bibliographic style
Here is an example of one style that is acceptable as per the University of Ottawa Social Science writing regulations:
Bibliography
Brading, D.A. (2017). ?Monuments and Nationalism in Modern Mexico.? Nations and
Nationalism (4) 7: 521-531.
Gutierrez, Nativdad (1998). ?What Indians Say About Mestizos: A Critical View of a
Cultural Archetype of Mexican Nationalism.? Bull. Latin Am. Res. (17) 3: 285-301.
OVERVIEW
In your essay you will do a sociological analysis of your experiences/identity or of a set of observations you make. Your goal is to analyze your examples/observations in a way that demonstrates your understanding of the sociological perspective. You will be assessed largely on the depth and accuracy of your sociological analysis, including how well you utilize Key Concepts (KCs) in your discussion. (YOU MUST USE AT LEAST 1 KEY CONCEPT IN YOUR ANALYSIS,
UNDERLINE IT.)
ESSAY TOPIC-
You will go to a retail store that offers a large selection of children?s clothing and analyze the styles, images,and/or textual messages on the clothing.
Spend some time (30-?‐40 minutes)looking at the gendered aspects of children?s clothing. It?s a good idea to choose an age range(e.g.,
infants/toddlers, young kids,or teenagers).
Identify themes regarding gender in the clothing. You may look at how the clothing is styled, the images that are pictured, and the printed words.
You may also take note of the layout of the store and how the clothes are displayed. How might the presentation of the clothing reinforce our social ideas
about gender, or encourage shoppers to think or behave in particular ways?
Record your observations in the store.
In your essay,you?ll discuss the sociological importance of the themes you noticed. Think about what kind of thoughts and behaviors these clothes may encourage in children (and/or in adults) and how those thoughts and behaviors are related to adult gender roles and norms.In your conclusion you are welcome to write about alternative ways of designing or presenting clothing that you think may be more representative of children or may send more productive or diverse messages to children growing up in the U.S.today.
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The Individual and the Community
Drawing on the readings and lectures for this topic, examine the tensions between the claim to individual autonomy and the obligation to conform to the expectations of the wider community. Answer with reference to ONE of the following issues: immigration, immunisation, obesity, euthenasia, same sex marriage.
based on this authors and readings, please read them and make it professional.
1.* Theodore Zeldin, An Intimate History of Humanity (1994), pp. 43-54.
2.* Alain de Botton, The Consolations of Philosophy (2000), pp. 3-42.
3. Richard Tarnas, The Passion of the Western Mind: Understanding the
Ideas that have Shaped our World View (1991), pp. 282-290.
4. Lawrence Stone, ‘The public and private stately homes of England,
1500-1900’, Social Research, vol. 58, no. 1(1991), pp. 227- 251.
5.* Will Kymlicka, Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Introduction (2002), pp. 212- 221.
6. C. Wright Mills, The Sociological Imagination (New York: Oxford University Press, 1959), pp. 9-25.
7. Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism (revised edn, 1991), pp. 37-46.
8. Katherine Betts, The Great Divide: Immigration Politics in Australia (1999), pp. 97-134.
above 8 readings are important!
Helena Grehan and Andrew Webster: ‘Introduction to the Unit: Nothing speaks for itself’
Topic One: The individual and the community Lecture 2 (Tuesday, 25 February)
Helena Grehan and Andrew Webster: ‘Autonomous individuals and imagined communities’
WEEK 2
Lecture 3 (Monday, 3 March)
Andrew Webster (History): ‘The Enlightenment creates the individual’
Peta Bowden (Philosophy): ‘Women’s autonomy and the Pill’ WEEK 3
SAMPLE ANSWER
Individual autonomy is the freedom that allows people to do things, within the ethical acceptance, without external manipulation. It is the freedom that allows people to undertake what they deem right in their conscience without external control, as long as they are of stable mind (Wright, 1995). The concept of individual is of central concern, especially, within the diverse community. Several personal issues that should be left at the discretion of the concerned individuals are, at times, greatly controlled by the communities’ perception about them. For instance, issue such as immigration, immunization, obesity, euthanasia and same sex marriage among others are always at the core of individual autonomy with regards to their existence in the community.
For this case, analysis is given to the issue of immunization and individual autonomy as well as how the community plays a role to the effect. Immunization is normally carried out to prevent development of serious health problems and illnesses. For instance immunization against polio or whooping cough. Some of the diseases in which immunization are carried against are sometimes highly contagious. If, there is an immunization against them, the community always have a feeling that it should be mandatory to all individuals of a community who require it (Wright, 1995). However, according to the medicine and health fraternity, individuals have a right to determine what form of health action is administered to them.
The members of a community believes that their general safety and protection is more important than an individual’s freedom or rights. This simply means that, when the community’s interest overrides the rights and freedom of an individual, the community’s interests are prioritized. For instance, a highly contagious disease, but which a vaccine to it is available; then immunization is compulsory to all individuals of a community affected(Wright, 1995). Nonetheless, these moves are contradictory the individual’s autonomy with regards to medication. In this case, community manipulates the actions of individuals.
Although, in some cases individuals may have a free will to decide whether to undertake an immunization against a disease or not. This is only possible when such a disease to which immunization is offered is not easily spread. The individual in this case has all the rights and freedom to decide whether or not to be offered the medication. Nevertheless, the community can still manipulate the decision through sensitization and encouragements that in turn influences an individual’s decision. Individual autonomy is fundamental for a sound community(Wright, 1995), although it is highly regulated by the community itself.
