outline (max 1000 words) of the content of your proposed dissertation, addressing the following issues:
(a)What is your research question?
(b)What is the scholarly justification for your question and your contribution to knowledge?
(c)What method(s) will you use to answer your question the method is ( systematic literature revive)
(d)What is your proposed chapter structure of your dissertation?
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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Read the Case Study and answer the following questions:
1. Is the Tata Nano car a disruptive innovation? If so, what are the implications for industry incumbents? (300 word)
2. Select one car innovation that would be considered more incremental in nature, and one that would be considered more breakthrough in nature (or two innovations of your choice from another industry). Explain which of the characteristics of breakthrough versus incremental innovation your examples exhibit. (500 words)
*** Words count = 800 words.
*** In-Text Citations and References using Harvard style.
B222B – Managing Technologies and Innovation (Part B)
TMA – SPRING 2019
I- Instructions
II- Case study: Cars of the Future
III- Additional material
IV- Questions
V- Grades deduction
VI- Referencing and Harvard Style
I– INSTRUCTIONS:
• Word count: you should discuss the questions in no more or less than the number of words mentioned for each question (plus or minus 10%).
• Referencing: You must acknowledge all your sources of information using full Harvard Style Referencing (in-text referencing plus list of references at the end).
• Use E-library: to get journal articles on the topic (Emerald, EBSCO, ProQuest…). Use at least 2 articles.
• Remember that you should work the information from references into your own original thoughts and INTO YOUR OWN WORDS.
II- CASE STUDY
Cars of the Future
In 1908, Henry ford’s famous model T rolled Off the assembly line. Within 100 years the automobile revolutionized society, putting people on wheels. Today, the average US household owns 2.28 vehicles. Yet with gas prices on the rise, concerns about the environment mounting and traffic congestion plaguing cities large and small, inventors and entrepreneurs are teaming up to transform personal automotive travel. In the very near future, popular transportation options will include personal jet packs, flying cars, and carbon free stackable cars.
Futuristic flyers
Thanks to the terrafugia’s transition “personal air vehicle” aggravating rush hour traffic will become history. Brave commuters can take to the skies in a 2 person light sport aircraft with automated retractable wings. Using lighter and stronger material and more efficient engines, the vehicle aims to be classified by the FAA as the easier to fly light sport aircraft, requiring only 1.500 feet to take off, the transition will run on premium unleaded gas, fly at 120 mph, and have a range of 100-500 miles with 30 miles per gallon in the air. On the ground, the vehicle will get 40 highway miles per gallon.
Want to fly to work but prefer feeling the wind in your face? Try the jet pack T-73 created by Jet Pack international, with a range of 11 miles and maximum flying time of 9 minutes, commuters can blast to work at 83 miles per hour At 250 feet above the ground. The T-73 will hold 5 gallons of jet A fuel and will retail around $200.000 (including training).
Conventional alternatives
Now for those who want eco-friendly transportation combined with adrenaline. But aren’t quite ready to take for the skies, check out the tesla roadster. The roadster sports a base price of 109.000$ and proves that a 100% electric sports car can perform as well as the traditional models but with zero emissions. Speeding from 0 to 60mph in 3.9 seconds. The roadster has a manual transmission and 248 horsepower. The battery provides for a 220 mile range and takes 3.5 hours to recharge. Who knew being fast and being green could be achieved in one vehicle.
For those more comfortable staying grounded and keeping some change in their pockets consider the apetra. The apetra seats two, weighs 850 pounds maxes out 95 mph and impressively gets 230mpg! Apetra is developing several versions; the classic hybrid design diesel/electric motor combination that will be priced around 29000$ the full electric version priced around 26000$ with a120 mile range.
For those uninterested in buying a car but still be needing access to a low cost vehicle on an as needed basis, consider smart cities foldable, electric city cars developed at MIT’s media lab. Designed to mitigate the negative external effects of the traditional vehicle, not only is the city-car electric, but like airport luggage carts, it is stackable, fitting 6 to 8 cars into a single conventional parking place. The city car will be available to rent at transportation hubs and can be returned when finished.
India’s TATA motors recently announced an extremely low cost automobile with a small carbon footprint: the Nano. Dubbed “India’s model T “, the 4 door 2 cylinder family car can fit 4 passengers and has lower emissions than most two wheeled Indian vehicles, at an astounding price of only $2.500. Touting a lean design that minimizes weight and increases fuel efficiency, as well as safety design features that protect occupants, the Nano is sure to raise a stir in India and abroad. The company has said its expects the car to revolutionize the auto industry and analysts believe the Nano may force other manufacturers to lower their own pricing. There is also speculation that the process innovations necessary to produce the car at such a low price will threaten the operating models of market leaders. French automakers Renault and its Japanese partner Nissan are trying to determine if they can sell a compact car for less than $3.000.
III- ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
Types of Innovations
1. Incremental versus breakthrough
Incremental Innovations:
? Continuations of existing products, methods or practices
? Minor improvements made with existing methods and technology
? Evolutionary as opposed to revolutionary
Breakthrough Innovations:
? Totally new products
? Considerable change in basic technologies and methods
? Revolutionary ideas that can create new markets
2. Product versus process versus organizational
Product Innovations:
? New products offering improvements in functional characteristics, technical abilities, ease of use, or other dimensions(incremental or breakthrough)
Process Innovations:
? New techniques of producing goods or services
? Improve the effectiveness or efficiency of production processes
? Facilitate the discovery of underlying scientific properties of technological domains
3. Architectural versus modular (component)
Architectural Innovations:
? New foundations or fundamentals of how the various components of a system work together to function
? Based on scientific principles
? Different from existing technological platforms
? May be considered radical.
Modular Innovations:
? New parts or materials within the same technological platform
? Example: Magnetic tape, floppy disk, and zip disk differ by components or materials, all three based on the platform of magnetic recording
4. Sustaining versus disruptive
Sustaining Innovations:
? Target demanding, high-end customers with improved performance
? Typically through incremental innovations
Disruptive Innovations:
? New, simpler, more convenient, less sophisticated and/or less expensive than existing products or services
? Appeal to customers at the lower end of the market
? Low-end disruption: attracts low-end customers initially, moves into more upscale markets over time as the technology improves
? New-market disruption: converts previous non-customers into new customers, thereby creating a new market
IV- QUESTIONS
1. Is the Tata Nano car a disruptive innovation? If so, what are the implications for industry incumbents? (300 word)
2. Select one car innovation that would be considered more incremental in nature, and one that would be considered more breakthrough in nature (or two innovations of your choice from another industry). Explain which of the characteristics of breakthrough versus incremental innovation your examples exhibit. (500 words)
V- GRADES DEDUCTION:
Proper referencing:
Referencing should be both in-text referencing, plus a list of references at the end using Harvard style.
Use of E-Library:
A minimum use of 2 articles from AOU e-library is required to support the discussions.
VI- REFERENCING AND HARVARD STYLE:
There are various ways of setting out references / bibliographies for an assignment.
“Harvard Style” is a generic term for any referencing style which uses in-text references such as (Smith, 1999), and a reference list at the end of the document organized by author name and year of publication.
In this guide, we are using a “Harvard Style” which is based on the author-date system for books, articles and “non-books”.
NOTE: When you write your list of references/bibliography, please keep in mind the following points:
• Your bibliography should identify an item (e.g. book, journal article, cassette tape, film, or internet site) in sufficient detail so that others may identify it and consult it.
• Your bibliography should appear at the end of your TMA with entries listed alphabetically.
• If you have used sources from the Internet, these should be listed in your bibliography.
– For a BOOK:
– For an ARTICLE:
– For WEB SITES and OTHER ELECTRONIC SOURCES
The basic form of the citations follow the principles listed for Article print sources (see above)
In addition, you need to provide the following information:
1. date item viewed
2. name or site address on internet (if applicable)
Summary and Literature Review on Economic Growth Review the literature on economic growth and provide a summary of how:
a) Trade affects economic growth
b) Government expenditure affects economic growth
Note: The answers you provide to each of these sub-questions should not be more than 15 sentences. Also note that because this is a literature review you must cite credible sources; avoiding using news articles.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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Problem description: You oversee a manufacturing facility that produces an automotive part (steel shaft for the gearbox).
Machining accuracy of machines
The acceptable dimension of the shaft is 2.5±0.05 inches in diameter with the most desirable product having a diameter of exactly 2.5 inches. Two vendors are trying to sell your company, Automotive Parts Corporation, their machines for the shaft-machining task. You have been asked to assess the machines from each vendor, and to make a recommendation for a machine vendor supported by a justification for your decision.
Machining Accuracy of Machines Assignment
You asked both vendors to supply data on the machining accuracy of their machines for the given task. Both vendors machined 100 shafts, collected data, plotted histograms, fitted the histograms with normal distributions and supplied you with their findings.
Let X= diameter in inches of the gearbox shaft
Ace Machines: X has a normal distribution with mean 2.48 and variance 0.001
Best Machinery: X has a normal distribution with mean 2.51 and variance 0.002
When you are completing your memorandum be sure to address the following:
Recommend a vendor using the given information, develop and discuss your approach (give all details including quantitative justification). Your response to this question must be directed to the audience described below.
Examine the scenario as described and discuss what additional information would be helpful to make this recommendation a stronger selection, and why that information would be useful. Be careful not to negate your recommendation as you explain this.
Machining Accuracy of Machines Assignment Audience
You are creating this document for the company’s Chief Operating Officer, Lin Gerard, and copying the Chief Financial Officer, Aileen Kitts. Documents involved in major financial decisions like this may also be distributed by the addressees to other executives and the corporate board members.
Document: Complete this assignment as a memorandum Preview the document. Utilize clear, professional language, including setting your Word preferences to check for a more professional level of writing. Examples of professional language constraints would include:
Utilize plain language. Develop the document around a direct, coherent message , and clear analysis to support it.
Do not use contractions, slang or colloquialisms, clichés , abbreviations, or text message shortcuts
Follow the guidance for a business memorandumPreview the document provided in your reading.
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Think of someone who, in the past, did an excellent job of motivating you. Describe how this was done. Which of the following approaches did that person use (either explicitly or implicitly)?
2. Discuss how behavior modification operates to motivate people. Why is it still important to understand people’s needs when using this approach?
3. Explain the differences between negative reinforcement and punishment?
4. The Piano Builder
Waverly Bird builds pianos from scratch and is also a consultant to a piano manufacturer. In the latter job, he is on call and works about one week a month, which sometimes includes traveling, to solve customers’ problems. He also rebuilds about a dozen grand pianos every year for special customers. However, according to Bird, the most satisfying part of his life is his hobby of building pianos from the beginning. “It’s the part that keeps a man alive,” he says. The challenge of the work is what lures Bird onward. He derives satisfaction from precision and quality, and he comments, “Details make the difference. When you cut a little corner here and a little corner there, you’ve cut a big hole. A piano is like the human body; all the parts are important.” Bird has a substantial challenge in making a whole piano. His work combines skills in cabinetmaking, metalworking, and engineering, with knowledge of acoustics and a keen ear for music. It requires great precision, because a tiny misalignment would ruin a piano’s tune. It also requires versatility: A keyboard must be balanced to respond to the touch of a finger; the pinblock, on the other hand, must withstand up to 20 tons of pressure. In addition, Bird had to make many of his own piano construction tools. Bird has built 40 pianos in his 34-year career. Though construction takes nearly a year, he sells his pianos at the modest price of a commercial piano. He is seeking not money but challenge and satisfaction. He says, “The whole business is a series of closed doors. You learn one thing, and there’s another closed door waiting to be opened.” Bird says his big dream is to build a grand piano: “It is the one thing I haven’t done yet and want to do.”
How could a manufacturer of pianos build the motivation Bird has now into its employees?
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Compare and contrast strategic controls and financial controls.
o Provide specific examples of how each may be used to best serve a corporation.
2. As a strategic leader, determine if you would feel ethically responsible for developing your firms human capital and state why. Discuss whether or not you believe your position is consistent with the majority or minority of todays strategic leaders.
No plagiarism.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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The article “Why Isn’t Servant Leadership More Prevalent?” poses the question, “But if servant leadership is as effective as portrayed in recent research, why isn’t it more prevalent?” Using what you have learned about the principles of servant leadership and your own experiences, address this question. Use examples to support your hypotheses
Read “Why Isn’t Servant Leadership More Prevalent?” by Heskett, from Forbes.
Assessment – Individual essay (1000 words maximum)
Please read the article and answer all question below.
Culture provides a guide or the directions for how we think and behave . cateora et al. (2011)
defines the five elements of culture as value, rituals, symbols, beliefs ant thought processes .
cultural values that can influence business have been found in the work of Geert Hofstede . Hofstede identified four cultural dimensions that can have a profound impact on the business environment . individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity/femininity .
The individualism/collectivism dimension of culture refers to how self-oriented members of a culture are in their behavior . Individualist cultures place high value on individual achievement and self interest . The United States is an example of an individualistic culture . Collectivist cultures value working toward collective goals and group harmony . Mexico and several countries in Asia adhere to more collectivistic principles . The power distance dimension refers to the power inequality between superiors and subordinates .
The United States has some elements of both a higher and a lower power distance culture . Over the years, the U.S. business environment has adopted forms of management, such as participative management, that place supervisors and subordinates on more equal terms . Arab countries score higher on the power distance dimension . Cultures with high power distance tend to be more hierarchal .
Uncertainty avoidance refers to how members of a society respond to uncertainty or anbiguity .
Cultures that score high on the uncertainty avoidance dimension, such as Great Britain, tend to avoid risk taking . Organisations within these cultures may have more rules in place to ensure that empoyees do not deviate from accepted standards . Cultures with less uncertainty avoidance, such as Canada , believe that risk-taking and innovation are important in achieving successful outcomes outcomes . A key question involves how culture affects consumer behavior around the world . For instance, how would the individualism versus collectivism index in Hofstede’s framework influencethe purchase of clothing, a smartphone, or an ipad in the different countries of Japan , the United States, and France ?
Why are KFC, Subway,and McDonald’s successful in most countries, even when they have significantly different cultures ? Are there other reasons for these companies success ?
Another area of interest is how the culture of a country influences the culture of a business .
Organisations that become global have to adjust to many different environments . Many of these companies focus on the diversity of employees in dealing with customers in different countries . While Hofstede describes the cultural values of people in different countries , organisational cultures are different . The culture of employees working in global businesses may be different from the national culture of one country . This is because businesses develop their own values and culture . However, do these values always reflect the national culture ? Organisational values are specific to a mission statement that guides conduct and relationships with shareholders . Organisational values may not be the same as individual values in that they are identified and supported by top management to develop a shared understanding for expected behaviour . Values are selected by leadership to make sure everyone understands what the organisation stands for , inluding ethical behaviour and social responsibility . Organisation values should be highly visible and demonstrated effectively by managers .
An organisation’s culture is based on values, norms, and behaviour . Unlike values, norms are behavioural expectations and have a high degree of specificity and clarity and require desirable behaviours in the form of policies and procedures . Accelerating change in communication, especially social media and social sharing, could be changing the nature of culture and its impact on both individuals and organisations . On the other hand, national culture may be important in marketingfor organisations and understanding consumer behaviour .
Sources.Ferrell,O.C. and Fraedrich, J, 2015. Business ethics. decision making and cases . Nelson Education .
References
Cateora, P..R. , M. C. Gilly ,, J.L. Graham (2011). International Marketing, 15th edition
New York, NY. McGrawHill/Irwin.
1 Critically evaluate the suggestions made in the article on Hofstede’s cultural dimensions .
2 Which do you agree with and which do you disagree with ? Justify your position.
3 Are there any other suggestions you would like to make ?
This assessment addresses the following outcomes.
LO1 Apply techniques in analysing and interpreting information
LO2. Apply critical thinking skills on comprehension .
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International Relations theoretical to climate change
International Relations theoretical to climate change
Which International Relations theoretical approaches takes climate change most seriously?
Title: Which International Relations theoretical approaches takes climate change most seriously?
Draw on relevant theoretical approaches and to illustrate your arguments with empirical examples and evidence.
Essay criteria
1. Each essay assignment will ask you to make an argument in answer to the question set, drawing on lectures, required readings, and supplementary readings (which may extend beyond the materials listed here). A mere summary of lectures and readings is not sufficient.
2. In making your argument, you will be expected to draw on and engage critically with the relevant conceptual and theoretical frameworks, as well as empirical materials as appropriate. It is not sufficient to draw on only one concept or theory; you will also be expected to show why other competing concepts or theories are not relevant or are inadequate as frameworks for answering the question.
3. Assigned marks will reflect the overall clarity and cogency of the argument advanced and its appropriateness as an answer to the question set, with particular reference to:
a. the thesis statement – this is your argument/answer to the question. The introduction to your essay must contain a thesis statement and an outline of the organisation of your essay
b. understanding of the concepts/theories discussed and ability critically to apply them. These are short essays so it is not possible or necessary to lay out the assumptions of the concepts or theories you are discussing in all their details. However, when using concepts and theories you must use them correctly, i.e., in a manner that demonstrates you understand what they mean and how they work.
c. ability to draw on appropriate empirical materials and integrate them coherently into the overall argument. Again, these are short essays so it is unlikely you will spend a large part of the essay laying out an empirical case. However, you will need to make reference to empirical materials and when you do it is necessary to use them appropriately – i.e., demonstrating where and how they relate to your overall argument.
d. ability to draw appropriate implications from positions advanced. This means showing where and how your argument relates to the question posed – i.e., how the points you have made individually or together lead to a conclusion that supports your overall argument/thesis. Think of this as a kind of sign-posting: telling the reader where you are in the argument and how the point just made relates to your overall thesis.
e. the coherence of the conclusion with the overall argument. Your essay must contain a conclusion. The conclusion should follow logically from your argument – put another way, in your introduction you should state your thesis/argument; in the body of your essay you should develop your argument – i.e., show to the reader the reasoning process you have gone through that leads you to the position you hold, i.e., your thesis; and in the conclusion re-state your position and, if appropriate, draw out any wider implications it might have.
Harrington, C. ‘The Ends of the World: International Relations and the Anthropocene’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies 44/3 (2016): 478–498.
Merino, R. ‘An alternative to “alternative development”: Buen vivir and human development in Andean countries’, Oxford Development Studies 44/3 (2016): 271-86.
Braidotti, R., The Posthuman (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013).
Burke, A., S. Fishel, A. Mitchell, S. Dalby, and D. Levine, ‘Planet Politics: A Manifesto from the end of IR,’ Millennium: Journal of International Studies 44/3 (2016): 499-523.
Cudworth, E. and S. Hobden, Posthuman International Relations: Complexity, Ecologism, and Global Politics (London: Zed Books, 2011).
Cudworth, E. and S. Hobden, ‘Civilisation and the Domination of the Animal’, Millennium: Journal of International Studies, 42/3 (2014): 746-66.
Dalby, S. ‘Anthropocene Geopolitics: Globalisation, Empire, Environment and Critique,’ Geography Compass 1 (2007): 103–118.
Dalby, S. ‘Framing the Anthropocene: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly’, The Anthropocene Review 3/1 (2016): 33-51.
Ghosh, A., The Great Derangement: Climate Change and the Unthinkable (London: Penguin, 2016).
Grove, J. ‘Ecology as a critical security method,’ Critical Studies on Security 2/3 (2014): 366-369.
Keohane, R.O. ‘The Global Politics of Climate Change: Challenge for Political Science,’ PS: Political Science & Politics 48/1 (2015): 19-26.
Kolbert, E. The Sixth Extinction: An Unnatural History (New York: Henry Holt, 2014).
Mayer, M. ‘Chaotic Climate Change and Security,’ International Political Sociology 6/2 (2012): 165-185.
Parsons, R.J. ‘Climate Change: The Hottest Issue in Security Studies?’ Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy 1 (2010): 87–116.
Purdy, J. After Nature: A Politics for the Anthropocene (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015).
Vince, G. Adventures in the Anthropocene: A Journey to the Heart of the Planet We Made (London: Chatto & Windus, 2014).
Todd, Z. ‘Fish, Kin and Hope:
Tending to Water Violations in amiskwaciwâskahikan and
Treaty Six Territory’, Afterall: A Journal of Art,
Context and Enquiry 43 (2017).
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In your paper, you should answer the following questions using your own evaluation and critical thinking.
1. Explain the purpose, features, advantages, disadvantages, sample populations, and examples in business research of TWO of the four qualitative research methods used in business research.
2. Explain TWO data collection techniques of your choice. Examples of data collection techniques or source of evidence are interviews, participant observation and fieldwork, direct observations, using documents or archival records.
3. If you were to conduct research, which qualitative
research method and which data collection technique would you prefer to use and why?
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