PART A: Individual Component (5%)
This is a research assignment and requires the use of independent, academic research. In your group assignment you have been asked to use Net Present Value analysis to analyse Beaver Tales Pty Ltd. Why would a financial manager feel more confident using NPV analysis than the discounted payback period method? Is there potentially a better method to undertake such an analysis?
You will be assessed on the following criteria:
1. Strength and relevance of arguments presented. This will include the persuasiveness (including breadth and depth) of the arguments presented. Any material needs to be structured in a logical manner to enhance your arguments. (3 marks)
2. Depth and Quality of research undertaken to support your arguments (1 marks)
3. Grammar, spelling and referencing style (1 Marks) Assignments should be succinct in their language and arguments.
You are required to submit the following:
1. You are required to submit an assignment of no more than 300 words by the due date. Any words beyond this limit will not be marked.
2. You are required to display the word count on the front page of your assignment.
3. You are expected to submit a file using 12-point double spaced Arial font.
4. You are encouraged to research this topic well in advance of preparing to write your submission.
5. You are required to reference using the Harvard Referencing style.
6. References should be from credible sources (Note: Wikipedia and Investopedia are not acceptable).
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
The payback method is a capital budgeting process where the period taken to recover the initial amount is calculated. The discounted payback method differs from the payback method as it utilizes discounted cash flow system in its calculations.
The discounted payback system has limited relationship with wealth maximization concepts. Net Present Value estimates all the future cash inflows and outflows as it also discounted to the present value. Positive NPV adds real economic value to the cash flows in a company. NPV is one of the most reliable capital budgeting techniques presently (Hermanson, Edwards & Invacevich, 2011).
Beaver Tales Pty Ltd
Beaver Tales Pty Ltd
Capital Budgeting
Capital Budgeting
Discount rate
15.00000%
Discount rate
15.00000%
Year
Cash flow
Year
Expenses
0
-15,609,792
0
0
1
4,470,000
1
7,143,000
2
4,498,000
2
2,267,726
3
4,529,650
3
2,267,726
4
4,565,413
4
2,267,726
5
4,605,807
5
2,267,726
6
4,651,415
6
2,261,264
7
4,702,891
7
2,261,264
8
4,760,966
8
2,261,264
9
4,826,464
9
2,261,264
10
4,900,302
10
2,261,264
PV for future Earnings
$23,085,154.42
PV for future Expenses
$15,609,791.75
NPV
$7,475,362.67
The above calculations indicate that the NPV is positive and the project would be profitable and viable. All positive NPVs represent projects that are viable but projects with negative NPVs should not be undertaken.
Discounted payback system
PV for Exp
33217430.05
6,211,304.35
27,006,125.70
1,714,726.62
25,291,399.08
1,491,066.63
23,800,332.45
1,296,579.68
22,503,752.77
1,127,460.59
21,376,292.18
977,607.01
20,398,685.17
850,093.06
19,548,592.11
739,211.35
18,809,380.76
642,792.48
18,166,588.28
558,949.98
17,607,638.30
The total expenses for the Beaver Tale Pty ltd amounted to 33,217,430 while the total earnings for the project for the next ten years would amount to 46,510,906.25. The figures when discounted at 15% for ten years periodically would amount to 17,607,638.30 as the negative balance under discounted payback period.
The discounted payback suggests that the project is unviable.
Reference
Hermanson, R.H., Edwards, J.D., & Invacevich, S.D. (2011) Accounting Principles: A Business Perspective. First Global Text Edition, Volume 2 Managerial Accounting, 37-73.
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A 1-page taxonomy that follows the Leadership Theory Taxonomy Template available in this Module’s Learning Resources to the Assignment Part 1 – Module 2 link.
A 4- to 6-page (not including cover page or references) Leadership Theory Taxonomy paper that explains in detail each theory listed in the taxonomy, by synthesizing multiple scholarly references and examples. This paper will be submitted to the Assignment Part 2 Turnitin – Module 2 link. Be sure to include the following in your paper:
Five peer-reviewed scholarly resources in addition to those offered by the Learning Resources
Specific examples of two of the four theories drawn from experiences or scholarly literature
Work that adheres to APA style
SAMPLE ANSWER
Leadership theory taxonomy
Over the number of years, leadership has continuously evolved giving rise to the different types of leadership positions. The leadership theory taxonomy studies the behavior, traits and ability of a leader to play the important role that the society expects them to play. The various leadership theories are defined by the various unique characteristics and they vary considerably. In this study, three types of leadership’s taxonomical theories are going to be explored. The three include transformational, situational leadership taxonomy, contingency and leader- member exchange.
Transformational leadership theory
Transformational leadership refers to the mode that goes beyond the normal running of day-to-day operations in any business organization. It depicts the leadership of the future whereby the leader is more interested in creation of a vision for the company. Transactional leadership runs or provides a mechanism to run the day-to-day operations without much focus on the future goals of any company (Patrulescu, n.d ). The transformational style was coined in the year 1973 by Downtown. It puts more emphasis on providing motivation or morale for their employees, understanding their problems and looking at the bigger picture of trying to solve such problems. It also places high regard to the employees of a given company and urges them to put more focus on the good of the group rather than the individual interests. Additionally the leader serves to motivate and inspire those under them, at the same time providing them with an opportunity to make solo individual positions regarding several types of issues (Sarros& Santora, 2001).
The common four features that describe the transformational leaders are referred to as the 4is. They include intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, individual consideration and idealized influence. Transformational leaders are open-minded and tend to agree with most of the employees wishes. They area also extraverts and conscious of the surrounding climate that their employees face. A perfect example of a transformational leader was Nelson Mandela. Nelson managed to inspire confidence in the people of South Africa in abolishing apartheid in South Africa .similarly Martin Luther King Junior similarly managed to abolish discrimination between the whites and blacks providing them with equal opportunities in the united States. Meanwhile Nelson Mandela urged forgiveness between the native compatriots of south Africa and the Boers who had racially segregated them. The followers since they looked upon the leader they agreed to let by gones and embrace each other thanks to the leader (Sarros& Santora, 2001).
Situational leadership theory
Situational leadership charges leaders to change basing on the various conditions or circumstances. The four main leadership characteristics that define the leadership are delegative, supportive, directing and coaching role. The delegative role allows the leadership to assign powers or specific job details to other employees to act on their behalf in making certain conditions or situations. The delegative style of leadership is considered as one of the highest form of leadership position. Supporting leadership form allows the individual leader to consciously partner with their employees or subjects in assisting them to achieve their various roles or goals.. the leaders in this case act more as consultants assisting the employees where some matters may be difficult or complex (Graeff, 1997)..
The coaching mode of leaders requires both directive and supportive principles from the leader. The leader is supposed to teach the employee about key aspects concerning their jobs. The employees or followers of the leaders might not have particular knowledge concerning a given subject. Therefore , the mode that leader, uses ultimately defines whether the followers would understand the said concepts. It becomes imperative that leaders become more supporting in assisting the employees. The leader should direct the employees or followers to acquire the basic knowledge and skills. Finally yet importantly, the directive method employed in situational leadership is used in providing supervision. Situational leadership is much more of an adaptive mod of leadership practiced by most leaders throughout the world( Nye, 2013).
Contingency theory
Similar to the situational theory, contingency theory defines circumstances between leadership styles and different situations. The success of the leader depends on the task structure, subordinates and the power position. The task structure requires every aspect of the task to be organized clearly. The leader power position provides the leaders with an option of firing the employee in case they do not meet the organizations goals or objectives. The leader has the option of hiring new employees. The leader’s member relationship in the structure would determine the success of the leader. A closer relationship between the leader and the members results in a higher chance of success. The best way of organizing a given organization is in the managing the task ahead. The contingency structure puts more emphasis on using different managing practices in different organizations
Leader-member theory
Leader- member exchange theory puts more emphasis in the communication structure between the leaders and their subordinates. The more and closer the relationship between the leaders and the subordinates the more the higher of success in an organization. By having the leader –member theory, the members know the exact roles they are to play in the company in realizing the set objectives. The leader in this case provides a better organizational climate due to the close relationship. A better communication structure results in provision of solutions to the problems that affect the organization. Leaders have an important role in building this communication barriers and the only way to enhance this communication is via breaking the normal communication barriers (Sherman,2002).
Leaders –member exchange theory has three important roles. Role taking, role making and routinisation of the roles. Role taking involves the leader’s ability in assign new roles to every new member that joins a specific team. Role making involves the assigning the members in a given group. The in-group recognizes employees or composed of members who have proved their loyalty and trust to the leader(Antonakis, & House, 2014). They are provided with unrestricted opportunities in doing most of the task since they are completely trusted. People in this group have a similar personality to the leader. The out-group is composed of employees who have shown distrust or have been not loyal to the leaders. The communication structure is a little bit broken and the members of the group are a restricted access. Finally yet importantly, in daily company routines, in-group members tend to rely on the leaders and would want to maintain a good impression to their leaders. Out-group members have a lot of distrust for their leaders and never carry out activities in the right manner (Antonakis & House, 2014)..
In conclusion, the different taxonomical theories underlying the various types of leadership ultimately defines the type of leader in any organizational setting and climate. Additionally, the leaders who are the forefront of maintaining the image of the company should choose one of the methods to lead their organization.
References
Antonakis, J., & House, R. (2014). Instrumental leadership: Measurement and extension of transformational–transactional leadership theory. The Leadership Quarterly, 25(4), 746-771.
Hesselgreaves, H., & Scholarios, D. (2014). Leader-member exchange and strain: a study of job demands and role status. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(4), 459-478.
Patrulescu, C. Comparison and Contrast of Trait-Based, Situational and Transformational Leadership Theories. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://www.doi:10.2139/ssrn.2132126
Sarros, J., & Santora, J. (2001). The transformationalâ€transactional leadership model in practice. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22(8), 383-394. https://www.doi:10.1108/01437730110410107
Sherman, J. (2002). Leader Role Inversion as a Corollary to Leader-Member Exchange. Group & Organization Management, 27(2), 245-271. https://www.doi:10.1177/10501102027002005
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The writer will read the article and then will carefully respond to the two main questions raise here below. It is important that the writer read carefully the questions and also the section of the article require for the information needed. The writer must also cite all references listed in the reference section, meaning the writer cannot just include a reference on the reference list without using it within the body of the paper. The writer must also include all DOI where necessary and follow proper APA style in formatting the paper.
Finding More Focus in a Qualitative Study
You must always consider the research method you plan to use when collecting your data. This can have an impact on how you proceed. The five research approaches can vary in the variety of information collected, the scope of the issues, and the invasiveness of the data collection effort.
• Using the qualitative article assigned to you last week. Review the methodology section and compare and contrast the design and the method with the information you have learned from the Creswell course text.
• Analyze and discuss the recursive relationship between research methods and data collection techniques and how that can help to bring focus to your study.
I will re-email the article for this paper. confirm when you have it
Resources;
Course Texts
Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches
•Chapter 6, “Introducing and Focusing the Study”
This chapter addresses the problem statement, the purpose statement, and the research questions, which are three main components related to introducing and focusing a qualitative study.
•Chapter 7, “Data Collection”
This chapter explores the many components of the data collection process and states that the method of data collection can vary depending on the research method used.
Case Study Research: Design and Methods
•Chapter 2, “Designing Case Studies: Identifying Your Case(s) and Establishing the Logic of Your Case Study” (pp. 46–65)
This reading describes four types of designs for case studies.
•Chapter 3, “Preparing to Collect Case Study Evidence: What You Need to Do Before Starting to Collect Case Study Data”
Preparing for data collection is an important part of your research. Depending on the scope of a case study, the undertaking may be clear-cut or complex. This chapter explores the different types of case studies you may encounter.
American Psychological Association, (2010). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
(Note: You should have received this reference text for a previous course. The APA Publication Manual will be used as a resource throughout this program.)
•Chapters 4–-6
Read and understand “The Mechanics of Style,” “Displaying Results,” and “Crediting Sources.”
SAMPLE ANSWER
Finding more focus in a qualitative study
Qualitative methodology was the research methodology of choice employed in the article. The research method utilizes general open-ended questions that do not formulate a hypothesis. On the contrary, quantitative research method applies close-ended questions that are structured concerning a set of hypotheses. Also, qualitative methods structure the questions with words while quantitative methods encompass numeric values. The fundamental concept studied in the study is the attributes that define ethical business decision making. The relevance of the qualitative methodology to the study was because the qualitative nature of the objective of the study that was to explore life experiences of the participants.
Interviewing the members with open-ended questions provided a detailed study beyond an ordinary conversation thus makes this form of research methodology more appropriate for the study. This methodology is applicable when the researcher tries to find out and highlight emotions and bring texture to a research project.
The research design applied in the study is phenomenological, a qualitative analysis of narrative data. This model is employed when describing themes, meaning of findings and general lived experiences of the study participants. The application in the study was to allow a deeper understanding of the nature and causes of a leader’s tendency to behave in an ethical manner and to make moral decisions. While collecting data in the phenomenological study, the participants description of the experience or occurrence is obtained by use of an in-depth interview, observation, oral or written self-report and through aesthetic expressions such as narratives. After the analysis of the data, a report is then written which has a proper description of the experience. Interpretation is based on the data collected and the researcher’s perspective.
Other qualitative research designs such as ethnography are applied when conducting a study that concerns the cultural characteristics a group of people or a certain cultural scene. Case study research is another approach to qualitative research that gives a detailed description of one or a few instances. Grounded theory is another approach used to generate a theory from raw data or to test an earlier grounded theory (Creswell, 2009).The data collection method vary according to the type of research design employed.
In quantitative studies, ideas are generated which are further be used to formulate the realistic hypothesis that can be statistically analyzed and comprehensively tested with standard quantitative research methods. Quantitative research designs, unlike the qualitative research design, use standard formulas of generating a hypothesis to be accepted or rejected. The hypothesis has to be proved statistically. It is the basis around which the research design is formulated. Mathematical methods of data collection are employed (Creswell, 2009).
The relationship between research methods and data collection techniques.
The process of data collection involves measuring and assembling information on the variables of interest following an organized way that ensures evaluation of the results of research or study. Choice of the method of data collection depends on the method used in research method applied. A qualitative research design will employ qualitative data collection method while quantitative research design will utilize quantitative data collection method.
Qualitative research data collection methods either involve direct interaction with individuals in a group or individually. These methods include standard features such as they are open-ended and have lesser structured procedures, they rely on deeper and more interactive interviews so as to acquire detailed and reliable data.; observations, action research, individual interviews, focus groups and document review (Vogt, 2010). To begin with,observation this involves the researcher becoming the observer of the participants in a natural setting to facilitate the understanding of the phenomena. The researcher will utilize methods such as note taking, description reports, photographs for instance of buildings and video recording
Another method of qualitative data collection is by use of interviews that could either be depth or in-depth.Qualitative interviews are informal and involve thought, adequate preparation and development of a schedule. The researcher may formulate the interview questions based on the research topic and the interviewee. Coverage of the issues is thus detailed and efficient. (Vogt, 2010) The interview questions can be unstructured, semi-structured also known as focused interviews or structured.
Focus groups that are group interviews consisting of 6-10 individuals enhance the capturing of participant emotions perceptions and opinions. Focus groups are utilized when resources required to carry out the research are inadequate and when the collective discussion is essential for the phenomena under study. The advantage of this method is that with the dynamic nature of the group greater understanding of the cause and the subject matter may be developed.
On the other hand, Quantitative data collection methods involved random sampling and structured data collection mechanisms that are appropriate for the preset response groups. Since quantitative research is concerned with hypothesis testing.Depending on the research question, the participants are randomly assigned to different treatments. Also data may be collected depending on participant and situational characteristics. The main quantitative research data collection techniques include; questionnaires, observations, interviews. Quantitative representation may involve the use of a checklist recording the presence, frequency and incidence of predetermined scenarios. Although it is time-consuming, this method provides valuable insights and fine details of how the participants behave and interact.
Questionnaires are used to collect uniform data from several people. They consist of the same number and set of questions that are then used to get information from a carefully selected or randomized sample of people. The questionnaires can then filled in by the participant or asked in a formal way by the researcher. Questionnaire questions should have the elements of simplicity, precision to make the process of data analysis easier and more efficient.
The quality and reliability of data is fundamental in defining the end results of any research or study.Therefore, it is important to choose the method according to the respective research design. Every research methodology confers to a particular and appropriate method of data collection. Qualitative research is mainly based on exploring opinions ideas and underlying reasons. It helps develop a hypothesis for quantitative research. Quantitative research provides a way of generating useful statistics from numerical data using quantifiable variables.
References
Bcps.org, (2015). Baltimore County Public Schools. Retrieved 15 September 2015, from https://www.bcps.org
Creswell, J. (2009). Research design. Los Angeles: Sage.
Jensenius, F. (2014). The Fieldwork of Quantitative Data Collection. P.S.: Political Science & Politics, 47(02), 402-404. doi: 10.1017/s1049096514000298
Vogt, W. (2010). Data collection. Los Angeles: SAGE.
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1. PRESSURE DROP ACROSS THE ORIFICE METER. The orifice meter transducer gives us a four figure reading. This divided by 100 gives us the percentage value, which is the percentage of 30 inches of water. Say for example we had a reading of 3456 Then the percentage reading is 34.56%, That mean the pressure drop across the Orifice is 30 X 0.3456 inches of water. To convert this to mm multiply by 25.4 So, a reading of 3456 will give us a pressure drop of 0.3456 x 30 x 25.4 = 263.35 mm
2. Mass Flow Rate. Mass Flow Rate for this particular Orifice Plate is given by the formula mass flow rate m = 0.5 x (Density in kg/m3 x pressure drop across orifice plate in mm) This gives us the mass flow rate of air per hour, To find this we must first find the Density of Air at the orifice plate. To do this we use the gas laws pV =mRT for pressure P5 and T5. As density Ro = m/v we have Density = p/(RT). Note: you will get a value of between around 9 or 10 kg/m3. as the density of air at normal atmospheric conditions is around 1.2 kg/m3 and as the compression ratio of Air compressors can be around 10 or 11 and compensating for a higher temperature the value of density will be around 9 to 10 kg/m3
electrical
3. Mechanical Power Available to the Compressor : Assume electrical power to the motor as 3100 watts. This multiplied by the motor efficiency and the belt drive efficiency will give us a value of 2562.1 W. This is the estimated actual power into the air compressor. Note that the power delivered to the air is much less due to the losses within the compressor. The power delivered to the air is the indicated power which we calculate from the data obtained by the oscilloscope. In calculations for IC engines we do the reverse of this. The power delivered at the combustion chamber is the indicated power. Power delivered to the shaft or shaft power in much less than this. There the shaft power / Indicated power is known as the Mechanical Efficiency. With air compressors as the power is DELIVERED to the shaft and received in the compression space we refer to the losses within the compressor as Indicator Efficiency.
4. Calculation of Indicator Power. To do assume the area of the indicator diagram is 500 mm2. On some oscilloscopes the area and even the indicated power could be displayed on the screen. Here if we are to do a proper calculation we should take a photo of the screen and then use one of the following methods to calculate the area. They are : 1. Simpsons rule 2. Mid-ordinate Method and 3. Trapezoidal rule. ( If you are interested Google “Calculation of Irregular Areas” to find out more. – during my sailing days which was around 25 or 30 years ago – even before you guys were in the planning stage – I used to use the mid ordinate method practically every two 4 to 6 weeks to calculated the areas of indicator diagrams taken from the main engine cylinders. Today at the press of a button on the data-logger you get all the details you want on the computer screen!.)
Assuming the Indicator diagram area as 500 mm2 calculate the indicated power as shown in your Lab Handout. Note that the indicator diagram is taken off ONE cylinder of the 2 cylinder air compressor. Hence we multiply by 2. This also indicate only the work done in ONE revolution as such we must multiply by the number of revolutions per second to get the power in Watts.
5. Calculation of Isothermal Efficiency. Isothermal efficiency is the Theoretical Maximum Possible Efficiency of a gas compressor as Isothermal compression gives the MINIMUM work required to compress a gas within given Pressure Ratios. The Isothermal Power is calculated using the formula Pisothermal = mass flow rate m in Kg/sec x RT ln (outlet Pressure/ Inlet Pressure) Isothermal efficiency is = Isothermal Power/ Indicated Power. Comparison of Isothermal Efficiency of compressors gives us a fair bench mark to compare different compressor.
6. Calculation of Volumetric Efficiency. The Volumetric Efficiency gives us an indication as to the efficiency of the compressor moving or delivering volumes of gas. Volumetric Efficiency is defined as the ratio of Actual Volume Flow / Theoreticaly possible volume flow. Note that both flow rates must be converted to the same conditions of Temperature and Pressure. As such this basically can be stated as Volumetric Efficiency = Actual mass flow rate / Theoretical Mass flow rate.
or “Break
We have already discussed how to calculate the actual mass flow rate in section 2. The theoretical mass flow rate is given by : swept volume x density of Air at inlet x the number of cylinders of the compressor x revs per second. Swept volume is the cross-sectional area of the piston x stroke.
Monitoring the volumetric efficiency can give us an idea of the condition of the piston rings of the cylinders, the suction and delivery valves etc as a drop in volumetric efficiency is an indication of leakage from these parts. This in turn helps us to schedule maintenance. This is known as “Predictive Maintenance” as against “Planned Maintenance ” or “Breakdown Maintenance”.
AFTER QESTION 6 GIVE A BRIEF REFLECTION OF THE EXPERIEMT. For example that readings kept fluctuating as it was difficult to maintain the pressure at 700 kPa etc,
SAMPLE ANSWER
Table of Contents
A summary of the experiment…………………………………………………………….3
Objectives of the experiment…………………………………………………………3
Experiment Procedure…………………………………………………………………3
Requirements……………………………………………………………………3
Procedure………………………………………………………………………4
Unknowns……………………………………………………………………………..6
Table of the recorded data……………………………………………………………….
Table of results/calculations………………………………………………………………
Questions 1-5…………………………………………………………………………….
References…………………………………………………………………………………
List of Figures
Figure 1: PV diagram of a reciprocating compressor……………………………………………..5
Figure 2: The air compressor rig………………………………………………………………….6
A summary of the experiment
The first law of thermodynamics is the primary basis of this experiment is primarily based on the first law of thermodynamics to illustrate that energy only changes form and cannot be created or destroyed. The experiment was designed in manner that this law can be observed by calculating energy at various stages in the system to show that the first law of thermodynamics is proved since there is no point when energy is created or destroyed but converted from one form to another (Atkins & de Paula, 2010). The use of a compressor in this experiment is attributed to the fact that, it can display energy conversion from one form to another effectively by increasing pressure of gas (Kondepudi, 2008). Hence, the compressor is used to increase pressure of a gas; whereas pumps are used to increase pressure of a liquid a reciprocating compressor is a positive-displacement compressor using a crankshaft driven pistons to deliver gases at high pressure (Çengel & Boles, 2007).
Objectives of the experiment
The objectives of this experiment were to develop a better understanding of:
The First Law of Thermodynamics;
Working of a reciprocating air compressors; and
Reciprocating air compressor performance analysis.
Experiment Procedure
In order to ensure that the necessary results were obtained during the experiment the following instruments were needed and the appropriate procedure followed as illustrated below:
Requirements
Power source
Electric motor
Power meter
Air compressor
Exhaust valve
Heat exchanger
Air reservoir
Air dryer
Air filters
Throttling valve
Silencer
Wattage meter
Thermocouple
Pressure gauge
Tachometer
Orifice flow meter
Oscilloscope
Procedure
For the compression mechanism of the experiment to work effectively, the following steps were followed:
Following the schematic diagram showing the flow path of compressed air valves number 0, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were closed, while leaving valves number 0, 1, and 2 open.
The compressor was then turned on by pressing the green button.
The oscilloscope was then turned on using the switch at the back of the oscilloscope.
The pressure was always kept at 700 kPa by using the throttle valve.
It was then waited until the system got stable.
The table of recorded data was then filled in.
Once all data were recorded, the oscilloscope was turned off.
The compressor was then turned off by pressing the red button.
The throttle valve was left wide open.
The diagrams illustrating reciprocating compressor and the measurement set up are shown below in figures 1-3:
Figure 1: PV diagram of a reciprocating compressor
Figure 2: The air compressor rig
Unknowns
Percentage of the electric power used
13%-5% = 8%
Volumetric Efficiency = Actual mass flow rate / Theoretical Mass flow rate
Given by the percentage of 30 inches of water column = 32%
Table 1: Table of the recorded data
Reading Number
Description
Unit
Value
Wattage meter
Pelectric – Instantaneous Electrical Power consumption
kWh
0.5379
Electric motor
Efficiency of the electric motor
%
87
V-Belt
Efficiency of the belt
%
95
Compressor
Bore of the cylinder (i.e. diameter of the cylinder)
mm
76.60
Lstroke – Stroke of the compressor
mm
89.00
f– Speed of the compressor
rpm
730
Oscilloscope
Lp – Length of pressure drop
mm
263.35
Lswept – Swept length
mm
762
AI – Area of indicator diagram
mm2
500
Mass flow rate
Horifice – Pressure drop across the orifice plate
% of 30 inches of water column
32
Temperature
T1 – Temperature after the compressor
Kelvin
466
T5 – Temperature before the orifice flow meter
Kelvin
294
T6 – Temperature before the compressor (i.e. ambient temperature)
Kelvin
290
Pressure
P6 – Suction (inlet) pressure
kPa
101
P5 – Discharge (outlet) pressure
kPa
801
Table 2: Table of results/calculations
formula
calculation
answer
unit
Scaling PV diagram
ΔP
P5 – P6
801 – 101
700
kPa
Punit
ΔP /Lp
700/263.35
2.658
kPa/mm
Vswept
Acylinder × Lstroke
3.142 x 38.3 x 38.3 x 89
410310.09
mm3
Vunit
Vswept /Lswept
410310.09/762
538.46
mm3/mm
Mechanical power available for the compressor
Pcompressor
Pelectric× Electric motor efficiency × Belt efficiency
537.9 Watts x 0.87 x 0.7
327.58
Watts
Indicator power
frps
f / 60
730/60
12.17
revolution per second
Windicator
AI × Vunit × Punit
500 x 538.46 x 2.658
715613.34
Joules
Pindicator
Windicator× n × frps
715613.34 x 2 x 12.17
17418028.7
Watts
Mass flow
h, pressure drop across the orifice plate in mm of water
Reading in percentage x 30 x 25.4
0.3456 x 30 x 25.4
263.35
mm of water
at T5 and P5
Using ideal gas
10
kg/m3
, mass flow of air
0.5 ×
0.5 x 3.46
1.73
If density is in kg/m3 and h in mm, then the answer of this equation will be in kg per hour
Isothermal power
Pisothermal
1.73 x 3.8 x 18 x
244.95
Watts
ηisothermal, Isothermal efficiency
Pisothermal/ Pindicator
244.95/17418028.7/100%
24.9
%
ηindicator, indicator efficiency
Pindicator /Pcompressor
17418028.7/327.58/100%
53.2
%
Volumetric efficiency
ρ 6, air density at P6 and T6
Using ideal gas
11
kg/m3
ideal mass flow
Vswept×ρ6×n×frps
410310.09 x 11 x 2 x 12.17/60
1830940.39
kg per hour
ηvolumetric
1.73/1.2
17.7
%
Questions 1-5
Question 1:
Positive-displacement compressors primarily work by forcing air into a chamber whose volume is decreased to compress the air.
Question 2:
The typical efficiency for a single stage reciprocating air compressor is 87% meaning that 87% of the supplied electrical energy is converted into the mechanical energy.
Question 3: Different types of reciprocating air compressors include:
NOTE: This assignment must have an APA format cover sheet and reference page along with in text citations. The only part of the paper which does NOT have to be APA format is your write up of answers. You can simply type Scenario 1: Scenario 2: etc as shown below.
Directions: Applying your knowledge of current HR laws, the text, and other sources, (1) examine each following scenario, (2) Determine which law potentially is being violated and (3) what actions you would take as the HR manager.
Scenario 1: Roderick, an employee on the manufacturing line and a member of a new religious organization called The Rites of Spring, has informed you that he will be unable to work on Friday afternoons after 2:00 pm and will be unable to report to work before noon on Mondays. He indicated that from Friday afternoon through Monday morning he must not work, as according to the principles of The Rites of Spring. He realizes this is an inconvenience and has offered to extend his workdays on other afternoons. The facility is a 24 hour operation with 3 shifts.
Scenario 2: Adam, an African American employee in your retail operation, has filed a complaint indicating that several white coworkers, including two supervisors, are harassing him because of his race. He alleges that they call him names such as “Sambo”, “Boy”, Afrikaner,” and “Zulu.” He also indicates that his supervisor refuses to allow him to work overtime, preferring to give overtime opportunities to white employees. Adam is a solid associate with no attendance issues, and he’s always very helpful to customers. After reviewing the overtime log, you discover that each of his coworkers has averaged five hours of overtime per week.
Scenario 3: you are the HR manager for a regional construction firm based in Atlanta, Georgia. In most cases, you create ads seeking temporary construction work in various cities where projects exist. However, occasionally site supervisors place their own ads in local papers. After three phone calls from women in Tampa, Florida, objecting to a recent ad placed in that city’s newspaper, you conduct an investigation. You discover the ad placed by the Tampa, Florida site supervisor reads, “Young men wanted for construction in the Tampa area.”
Scenario 4: On a weekly basis, you hold meetings with hiring managers to review recently submitted resumes and applications. These meetings determine which candidates to bring in for an interview. One hiring manager, after reviewing a resume you handed him says, “I’m not interested in this one.” You ask him why, and he explains, “He has some personal information on here, and he’s indicated he was born in Mexico.” You remind the hiring manager that the candidate has 10 years’ experience an an MBA from a top ranked school. So far, it is the best resume you’ve seen for this particular position. The hiring manager responds, “So? I don’t want to take a chance that the wetback is illegal in this country.”
Scenario 5: Tiffany, an associate on the production line for assembling mechanical pencils, is six months’ pregnant. You have discovered that her supervisor has required Tiffany to work light duty jobs in the production office, which means she is ineligible for the incentive program. This means a potential loss to Tiffany of approximately $60 per week extra in incentive pay. When you asked the supervisor about the situation, he replied, “Are you kidding? She is 6 months pregnant. She could get hurt or something might happen to her baby. As an Hr manager, aren’t you concerned about things like that?”
Scenario 6: You are the HR manager for a national consumer-goods manufacturer with four plants spread across the country and a corporate office in Cincinnati, Ohio. Each plant has a full-time cost analyst who keeps tabs on production expenses, efficiencies, and so on. The best cost analyst, Jennifer (38 years old), is located at the LA office facility. She has been extremely successful in reducing overhead costs and has started several initiatives that have gone company wide in significantly reducing costs. An opening for cost manager, based in Cincinnati, has emerged, and the company is conducting a national search to fill this position, which will oversee all four cost analysts. Jennifer has asked to be considered. The VP of finance, to whom the cost manager position will report, does not wish to consider Jennifer. He points out that she has multiple sclerosis and, since she now has to use a walker or crutches to get around, her condition will only worsen. He feels that even though she is the most qualified candidate, he is uncertain how long she’ll be physically able of performing the essential functions of the job.
**Remember to include context from your textbook along with other sources related to this assignment. Examples of APA are under Assignments in your blackboard shell along with a helpful website for further instruction. A rubric for this assignment is located under Syllabus/Schedule content area of Bb.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Equal Opportunity: Major HR Laws Affecting Equal Opportunity
Employer and employee relationships are important in fostering achievement of organization goals. Various laws exist to ensure that employees are treated equally as they provide services in their respective organizations. Examples of these laws include the Equal Employment Opportunity laws, Equal Pay Act of 1963, and Human resource laws among many others. This paper provides insights on the laws that are being violated in various case scenarios and appropriate actions that HR managers ought to take as a remedy.
In scenario one, the HR resource law that is potential being violated is Title VI of the Civil Rights Act (CRA) of 1964. This law requires or prohibits any form of discrimination based on color, race, or religious affiliation when it comes to provision of benefits and services to employees (The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), 2015). In this case, the request that Roderick has made should not be turned down. His religious group known as ‘The Rites of Spring’ does not allow him to report to work on Monday and Friday afternoon. To solve this problem, as a HR Manager, I will have to make adjustment so that Roderick works in other shifts on other days. Employees that do not belong or ascribe to this new religious group will work on Monday and Friday afternoon while Roderick will be required to work in other shifts. This will help solve this stalemate without discriminating the employee.
Scenario two where Adam an Africa American worker is harassed by both coworkers and supervisor is a clear demonstration of violation of the Title VII of the Civil Right Act (CRA) of 1964. This is one of the acts in the equal employment opportunity that human resource personnel’s must abide to when rendering their duties in any organization (EEOC, 2015). This law prohibits any form of harassments and unfair treatment of employees on the basis of their color, race, religion, national origin or even sex in all areas of employment from selection to retirement. This act is applied in organizations that have more than fifteen employees. In this case, it is apparent that Adam is discriminated because of his color of skin and national origin as he is called names, and denied opportunity to work overtime. As a human resource manager, I have the responsibility to ensure that such behaviors do not go on. One way is to publish the laws and make sure that all employees and supervisors are aware of these laws and abide to the same. Those that may continue to discriminate against employees such as Adam because of their national origin and color of skin will have to face disciplinary action both in the organization and in the courts. I will also ensure that all employees have equal opportunity to work overtime without discriminating others based on color or national origin so that they are all entitled to get overtime.
Scenario three case, the HR laws that are violated are the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) of 1975. The law requires that no person is discriminated on the basis of their age. All people across the age strata have a right to benefit from any program or activity that receives assistance from the Federal government ( EEOC, 2015). Therefore, the site supervisors went against the law by advertising for the construction jobs and specifying that young men were the only eligible one to apply. Women that protested about these ads were demanding for their rights. As the HR manager of this project, what I will do to make sure that the adverts are redone so that they capture all applicants regardless of their age. Provided, the applicants have the ability and the will to execute the tasks at hand they, have the right to apply and be considered for the job opening.
In scenario four, the law that is potentially being violated is the Immigration and Reform Control Act (IRCA) of 1986. The law makes it illegal for any employer to hire an employee when they know that the employee is an alien or not eligible to work in the country. It is the duty of employers to scrutinize information about the eligibility of an individual to work in the United State to comply with the law. Therefore, in this case, despite the fact that one of the applicants had qualifications for the job, he was not eligible to work in the US because of being Mexican wetback. To solve this problem as a human resource manager, I will not recommend for the hiring of this wetback to work in USA if investigations indicate that he is not a US citizen.
Scenario 5, which is about Tiffany who is, also six month pregnant illustrates violation of the pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978. The act prohibits any form of discrimination against employees and applicants based on childbirth, pregnancy, and related conditions (Equal Employment Opportunity, 1979). Tiffany has the obligation to work or go for a leave if she asks provided the period is predetermined. As a human resource manager, this problem can be addressed by allowing her to work in the other department as directed by the supervisor but she should be entitled to her incentives.
In scenario six, Human resource law that has a potential of being violated is the Americans With disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. This act requires accessibility to employment, services, public facilities, telecommunications, and transportation to all persons with disabilities (The University of Alabama, 2015). Jennifer, regardless of suffering from multiple sclerosis and using walkers, she has the right to contest for the position in the organization. She has the qualifications to execute the roles and responsibilities well and therefore, her disabilities status should not be taken as an excuse to leave her out of this contest. The law protects people like her from any form of discrimination when it comes to promotion, pay, and training, providing fringe benefits, and other benefits that pertain to employment (Peetz, Gardner, Brown & Berns, 2008). Therefore, as the manager, I will ensure that Jennifer apply for the job because she is qualified.
References
Equal Employment Opportunity. (1979). Labor Law Journal, 30(2), 118-121.
Peetz, D., Gardner, M., Brown, K., & Berns, S. (2008). Workplace effects of equal employment opportunity legislation: the Australian experience. Policy Studies, 29(4), 405-419. https://www.doi:10.1080/01442870802482158
The University of Alabama. (2015). Summary of Major Equal Opportunity Laws. Retrieved from: http://eop.ua.edu/summary.html
The U.S Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (EEOC). (2015). Federal Laws Prohibiting Job Discrimination Questions And Answers. Retrieved from: http://www.eeoc.gov/facts/qanda.html
We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!
Use a 12 font size, double space your work and use APA format for citations, references, and overall format. Information on how to use the Excelsior College Library to help you research and write your paper is available through the Library Help for AD Nursing Courses page. Assistance with APA format, grammar, and avoiding plagiarism is available for free through the Excelsior College Online Writing Lab (OWL). Be sure to check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors before you submit your assignment.
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SAMPLE ANSWER
The Patient with Musculoskeletal Limitations Complicated by a Medical Illness
Question one
Surgical care improvement project (SCIP) is an initiative aimed at providing healthcare for patients who have just undergone surgical procedures. It is estimated that more than 40% of operative procedures normally end up in post-operative complications. However, the introduction of the improvement project serves to significantly reduce the resulting complications. The SCIP is based on several core measures to assist in the reduction of post-operative complications. The ten core measures are based on prophylactic antibiotic treatment in pre and post-operative procedures. Also, antibiotics are given to the patient during the treatment process(‘SCIP core measures’, 2011). Another measure is the use of urinary catheter and hair removal strategies for patients. Other measures involve temperature management and the elimination of blood clots that would cause thrombosis in the veins also referred to as venous thromboembolism. The major aspect that has assisted in the reduction of surgical site infection has been the use of antibiotics. It is widely known that knee procedures such as knee arthroscopy involve the exposure of the knee tissues to the environment(‘SCIP core measures’, 2011). The environment contains numerous microbes that are opportunistic and take advantage of any opening on the skin surface. However, the presence of antibiotics serves to eliminate the microbes that ultimately serve to be the major causes of disease infection after operation procedures. Certain precautions have to be taken before the administration of the antibiotics(Drake, 2011). The drugs used should not have side effect to the patients. Neither are the antibiotics supposed to evoke the immune responses.in the case of the 60 year old woman, she had associated allergies with penicillin. The woman had taken certain drugs associated with the treatment of osteoarthritis which was also being examined by the medical procedure. Lisiprinol, lebrax and Celebrex were the drugs used by the old lady in the treatment of her conditions. Lisiprinol lowers blood pressure since the patient has hypertension. The drugs are administered after six hours when their effect is non-interfered by the other drugs. Additionally, the drug used is a cephalosporin and has no effect or similar effect as penicillin since it would not evoke an allergic reaction. The use of antibiotics in the surgical care processes has significantly reduced surgical site infections(‘SCIP core measures’, 2011). Ancef is an antibiotic of cephalosporin activity. Similarly other drugs have been used to reduce chances of infection after the surgical procedures(Drake, 2011). Nurses have to administer the drugs at specific times for the drugs to be able to function effectively.
Question two
The surgical care improvement method outlines measures involved in the removal of hair. Use of shaving or clippers to remove hairs would result in skin abrasions which would ultimately result in infections of the skin. Such infections would result in complications after surgical procedures. In the case of the sixty old woman, less hair is found around the knee region and since the knee is one of the common areas where skin abrasions can result in infection sites for microbes (Anderson, 2010).
In case there was excessive hair in the knee region it would be clipped off. However, the removal of the hair in this case shall not be by the use of a razor blade or other abrasive methods to the skin which end up affecting the skin by leaving infection sites that can easily be accessible to microbes. However electric clippers can be used in the removal of hair around the knee region since they are non-abrasive(Drake, 2011). If there were previous hair removal, the data abstractors supposed to look at the alternative methods. Also if the patient had in any way clipped hair from their skin, the data abstractor should seek methods that would not complicate the current status. The data abstractor can obtain the information about the patient from previous records especially the nurse’s report and mark at the appropriate hair removal method that had been initially used. This would assist the surgeons in knowing the appropriate method of hair removal that they can rely on the removal of hair especially at the knee(Anderson, 2010).
Question three
Venous thromboembolism is one of the common surgical complications after operative surgeries. Exposure of the skin directly activates clotting factors forming clots .This mechanism is used by the body to prevent entry of foreign microbes and over bleeding that would result in high pressure and loose of oxygen in the body. However, after forming clots, it is necessary that the initial clots formed in the blood would be dissolved by plasmin via plasminogen activating factors. However, sometimes the rate of clot formation during certain surgical procedures becomes greater compared to the rate of clot dissolution. The end result in this case would be blocking of the veins by clot or thrombus. The ultimate result of this is blockage of the blood supply by the thrombus ultimately resulting in what is commonly referred to venous thromboembolism commonly abbreviated as VTE. A major common form of VTE is DVT which in full means deep venous thromboembolism( Mont et al., 2014).
Surgical care improvement project involves the use of lovenox an anticoagulant. The anticoagulant has the ability to break down all the clots that have been formed in the body making blood to flow properly through the body. As a result, major complication issues such as venous thromboembolism are all avoided. However, in the administration of lovenox timing of the drug plays a very important role. Very late delay in the administration of the drug after surgical processes would directly be of no use since the process of clot formation would have already taken place and the administration of the drug would not be effective as anticipated before. Therefore it is necessary that the nurse ensures that the patient in this case the sixty old woman takes the drug at the required time to avoid formation of clots. In this case the drug was administered earlier the day after the surgical operation. The use of the leg attached to the hose pipe in the upright direction also assist the floor of blood from the surgical site and therefore the drug would efficiently remove the clots (Drake, 2011).
In conclusion the use of surgical care improvement projects has over the years reduced the associated surgical difficulties and complications that are normally as a result of surgical processes. The use of antibiotics has significantly reduced infection via sites while the application of certain drugs which are anticoagulants have effectively removed the thrombus that are as a result of clots formed during the surgical processes. Generally use of the SCIP has reduced the number of post complications and deaths that would be as a result of procedures. Although the process is being implemented, proper care and timing is important in meeting the set objectives relating to better health for patients (Kinnier, Barnard & Bilimoria, 2014).
Movie Review Based on History;All the President’s Men
Order Instructions:
750 word
Watch movie and write about historical things
The American Film Institute released a list of what they consider to be the 100 best movies “of all time.” While this is a debatable (and very controversial) list, it is a valuable document for historians to use when gauging the cultural, social, and historical impact of American films over the course of the twentieth century. See the list here: http://www.afi.com/100years/movies10.aspx
For your extra credit assignment, choose one of the movies listed (except for The Graduate – see below, Forrest Gump, Titanic, or any movie produced after the year 2000) and write a 750-word paper (due IN CLASS on Nov 2) describing the plot of the movie and explaining its historical context. One important clue to the latter can be found to the right of each movie: its release date. For instance, The Graduate (one of Dr. Luckett’s all-time favorite movies) came out in 1967, just as sixties counter-culture was rising in popularity and the Vietnam War filled the news every night. Although Dustin Hoffman’s character is barely a baby boomer, his ennui and the conflict between young and old, tradition and freedom throughout the film represents the angst of an entire generation. What can the movie tell us about young people in 1967? Why did it resonate so powerfully with that generation? Who (or what) does Mrs. Robinson represent?
This is the kind of approach that you want to take with your movie. Investigate it as a historian, not as a fan or a film critic – avoid discussing whether you liked it, thought the acting was great, etc. Examine it, analyze it, and place it within the context of your history readings. Feel free to comment on larger issues that come to mind as you view the movie from the perspective of a twenty-first century college student. Does the movie make any attempt to include diverse, complicated characters, as opposed to mere stereotypes? Does it directly or inadvertently comment on race, sexuality, or gender?
Many of these movies are on Hulu and Netflix. Almost all can be found at the LA County Library for free.
Like on the Historical Landmark paper, please type, double-space, and staple your work. As always, cite any and all sources. You must upload this paper to Turnitin in order to receive credit.
Other information (from the syllabus):
[This] can be used to replace your lowest quiz grade BEFORE I drop your lowest quiz grade. So if your lowest quiz grade is a 20, your second-lowest quiz grade is a 22, and you get a 28 on your extra credit, then the quiz on which you scored 20 will be changed to a 28. I will then drop the quiz that scored a 22, which is now the lowest. Alternatively, if your two lowest quiz grades are a 20 and a 22, and you get an 18 on the extra credit, then your lowest quiz grade will change to an 18. But since it is still your lowest quiz grade, it will be dropped anyway. Mathematically it is impossible to lose points by turning in your extra credit, but you can add a substantial number of points to your overall quiz grade by completing it.
The key thing to understand here is that you are not guaranteed 30 points (the value of a 100% quiz grade) on this extra credit assignment. You should treat it like any other assignment: with respect, care, and more than enough time to complete it correctly. Submissions must be typed.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Movie Review Based on History
All the President’s Men
Description of Plot
All The President’s Men is a 1976 film that looks into the events of the Watergate scandal through the investigatory work of two journalists Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward of the Washington Post. The work of these two journalists had a significant change in the course of American politics, while remarkably inspiring investigative journalism. The film captures June 17, 1972, whereby five men were apprehended by the Washington DC police for breaking into the headquarters of the National Democratic Party in a building called Watergate (AFI). Bob Woodward was then assigned the work of looking into the seemingly small issue by the Washington Post. Upon realizing that the five men, majorly comprising of Cuban immigrants, had strongly competent lawyers representing them in the background, Woodward saw potential for a larger story. At that point, Carl Bernstein, who was almost being fired from the Washington Post, sought to join Woodward, and the two proceeded with the investigation. Although ‘Deep Throat’ at first acted in a way that would neither confirm nor deny the information, he eventually tells Woodward to “follow the money”. Woodward and his colleague end up discovering that the money which had originally been donated to the Committee for purposes of re-electing President Richard Nixon had been deposited in the bank accounts of the burglars.
The curiosity of the journalists to find out the person who diverged the money to the bank accounts of the burglars leads them into planning in how to reach into the White House. Despite the obstacle from the newspaper’s editor-in-chief who considers the allegations as merely speculative and lacking tangible evidence, the journalists eventually get closer to the truth. Nevertheless, there are others who also try to discredit on claims of national security. At the time when President Nixon was giving his inaugural speech following his reelection, Woodward and Bernstein were glued on their typewriters, developing the story. Later on, the Washington Post teletype releases news concerning the conviction and sentencing of the conspirators and the resignation of President Nixon from office.
Historical Context
Despite the fact that All The President’s Men was produced at the time when the Watergate Scandal was a matter of common knowledge to everyone, this movie has remained to be a significant historical record which has managed to survive the test of time. This film gives a factual account of the events that led to Richard Nixon, the 37th President of the United States, resigning from office. In fact, he is still remembered in history as the only President to have ever resigned. Richard Nixon decided to step down in 1974, while halfway in his second term, to avoid facing impeachment in regards to the efforts he had sought to ensure that the illegal activities of his administrative members were covered up (Woodward & Bernstein, 2005).
The film is still significant in today’s politics as it gives insight into the issue of accountability of the government (The Lasting Importance of All The President’s Men, 2007). The public consciousness was raised following the dubious activities that Nixon’s administration were engaging in, and thereafter in the Bush Administration. The film also helped to nurture a generation of investigative journalists, who are very observant and critical of the happenings in the government. The press was portrayed as the eye of the people, and that it was in order for the press to enjoy all the freedom it deserves for purposes of carrying out its work.
The Watergate Scandal is used in history classes when discussing the weaknesses of President Nixon (Ambrose, 1991). As much as Nixon had numerous leadership traits, his weakness was magnified by the Watergate scandal, which led to his ultimate downfall. In this regard, Nixon had possessed certain weaknesses as a chief executive, and these weaknesses were the basis for the occurrence of such a bizarre incident. Nixon had a high sense of insecurity, which was partly caused by the difficulties he encountered in his interpersonal relationships as well as bitterness. Accordingly, he believed that an individual had to be ruthless in order to make it in politics. Nixon distrusted the media, Democrats, antiwar demonstrators, and intellectuals, which led him to develop an “us versus them” attitude. Nixon was surrounded by many enemies, particularly on the Left and he believed that inflating the perceived threat to the highest point of absurdity was the best approach for him to maintain control in politics. Nixon sought for total loyalty from all members of the Cabinet. Nevertheless, these people who were close to Nixon often utilized their privileged status to encourage his worst demons. The former White House Counsel John Dean displayed Nixon’s bitter and weird mindset when he testified that Nixon had kept an “enemies list,” containing the names of many political opponents that were often singled out by federal agencies for harassment. Thus, the Watergate Scandal only confirmed such allegations, and people lost any little trust they had in the President.
References
Ambrose, S. E. (1991). Nixon, vol. 3, Ruin and recovery, 1973-1990.
Each of Homework will post every week of after finishing each of Homework
So First Homework is :
SAMPLE ANSWER
Sociology
Number 1
I had a sixteen year old cousin watch the news channel on television for thirty minutes. During that time, I had to keenly watch his behavior as he watched television. The boy had his cell phone with him as he watched the news. He would frequently look at his phone for a few seconds, and then continue watching the news without pausing or freezing. However, on a few accession he had to send back a text and this would take a few minutes. On resuming watching television, he had to rewind the program to catch the bits of news he had missed when he was on the phone. He once froze the show and ran to the bathroom for some minutes then returned, unfroze and continued watching the show.
Number 2
After the news show was over, I asked him to give me a detailed summary of the news stories that were aired in the show. He gave all but one of the stories that had been aired on the show. When I asked him about the one he had omitted, he explained that he had watched that entire piece of story. He continued to give a detailed account of the whole story. However, some of the details on the other stories were scarce. Other details were also entirely inaccurate as he told them compared to what was aired during the news show.
Number 3
I usually watch television frequently. However, during the session I find myself doing some other activity that split my attention from the television show I was watching. I find myself replying to text messages, returning calls and at times even playing a cell phone game. I can also find myself eating and I at times fall asleep while watching a television show. I find that whenever I am distracted while watching television there are bits of the content that I do not grasp. I find that the accuracy of the information I have on the stories in the show is wanting. Moreover, I also do not at time get to watch how the show ended and thus, I do not have the details of the entire show. However, when I have all my attention channeled to the shows I watch on television, I get to know the full story. I can also narrate the stories accurately and in details.
Number 4
A study on the population of the US showed that about sixty percent of people use a second screen when watching television. The study called this behavior the second screen paradigm. People who use the second screen while watching television are usually distracted and therefore, do not grasp all the content being aired on television. This behavior is in line with the theory of dual coding. The theory states that, people often remember and process information that is presented to them both as visual and audio (CCD Conference, 2103). The lack in the content after watching a show on television while using a second screen or a phone is well explained from this theory. Whenever my cousin or I looked away from the television to look at our phones, the flow of information from the show is disrupted. The combination of the sound and video gets information faster to the brain. However, when is disrupted, this flow of information to the brain is also disrupted. The theory explained the missing details from the show and the inaccuracy of the information one has about a show they saw when using a second screen.
References
CCD (Conference), Rau, P. L. P., & International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. (2013). Cross-cultural design: Methods, practice, and case studies : 5th International Conference, CCD 2013, held as part of HCI International 2013, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 21-26, 2013, Proceedings. Berlin: Springer.
The author’s perspective of and the personification of Death in Everyman
Order Instructions:
Write a 1,500-word (5–7 pages) essay that addresses ‘EVERYMAN’ from the Drama Unit. A minimum of 6 citations, including the primary source and at least 5 secondary scholarly sources, is required for this assignment.
-The assignment MUST INCLUDE a 1-page thesis statement and outline
-Actual research paper
-bibliography of sources used.
Format the thesis/outline, the draft, and bibliography using current APA format.
Address in the paper:
Discuss the author’s perception of death and the treatment of death in ‘Everyman.’
The author’s perspective of and the personification of Death in Everyman
Thesis Statement
The play titled “Everyman” is a moralist play, a form of performed art that was common in English Theater during the 16th Century. It followed a style of presentation that had a narrative acted out in such a manner that it would deliver a moral lesson to the audience that was in attendance. Most common plays from this period have well-known playwrights, top on the list being Shakespeare. The play titled “Everyman” however stands out for two reasons. The first reason is the fact that its author remains anonymous to this day. The second reason why it is unique is the manner in which it uses allegory with concepts such as death, life, company, wealth, humanity and also good virtues. Ordinarily these aspects or elements of life were represented in plays as ideas creatively maintained in the respective scenes. ‘Everyman’ is however delivered through allegory where each of the main ideas to be used in the play have tangible actors with verbal exchanges with the play’s protagonist. This makes it possible for these different issues to be packaged in a different way from the way they were usually done. The format of ‘everyman’ gives the audience an alternate perspective of death based on what the anonymous viewer believed about this concept. Death, in the mindset of this play’s playwright takes on several roles in mankind’s existence and relationship with God. Death, in the play ‘everyman’ appears to be have more of an active role than a passive one where it is signified as a stage marking the end of life on earth. This can be compared to the belief that people have in the ‘grim reaper’ since this is the only other example of death taking on a personified role. The different roles that death plays are brought out through the dialogue that exists between it and God as well as the dialogues it has with everyman (Cohn, 2015).
The manner in which the author views death helps to bring out the roles that death played in the playwright of the author. The dialogue in this play paints death as a servant of God as well as his messenger to humanity. Death is the common denominator and this means that it makes all men equal at the time of their judgment. Death is also a moralist for humanity in the author’s point of view. Death serves to give man vital life lessons, a catalyst for chance and also an executor of God’s punishments on earth. In the paragraphs below, these different roles of death will be expounded upon (King, 2014).
The role of death as God’s messenger is seen at the start of the play. At the beginning of the play, death is having a conversation with God as the latter laments about how much he is disappointed in mankind. God tells death that mankind is out of control and the reason for this is the lack of accountability for their actions is the lack of consequences. God further proceeds to suggest that this lack of accountability and obedience comes from the fact that humans are not conscious about what will happen to them after they pass on, that is heaven or hell as the final fate for humanity. Death listens keenly and it appears that the way he works is based on what God feels about people. This is the first illustration that death is not merely a passive stage. His relationship with God can be compared tot he relationships that angels have with God as detailed in scriptures. The proximity and the context of the conversation closely mirrors the conversation that God has with angels in several Bible stories such as prior to the tormenting of Job and also during creation. This dialogue therefore foreshadows the role that death plays in the perspective of the playwright (Barnow, 2012).
Death also plays the role of a common denominator for all humanity. Given the heavy use of allegory in this play, it is safe to assume that the main character, everyman, represented humanity and not really a specific single individual. Death is sent to everyman to teach him a lesson, this refers to the profound reactions and thoughts that people have when they come face to face with the issue of their mortality. When death comes close to a person, it is normal for them to think about themselves, for example when they are at a funeral or similar gathering. The reason why death is seen as humanity’s common denominator is the fact that it catalyzes the process of separating people with their material possessions and wealth, leaving them all equal before their final judgment. In the context of the play this is seen by death informing everyman that he will take away. The material possessions that death strove to take away from everyman were goods and knowledge. These were also personified as human-like characters. Goods refer to all forms of wealth that an individual would gather during their time on earth while knowledge was more or less the same as intellect that an individual gathered while on earth. These two are apparently really important to everyman and this is indicative of the importance they have to humanity. Material possessions and knowledge are considered to be important since they are the things that determine the worth of an individual while he or she is on earth. Death gets rid of this hegemony that exists between people by ensuring man is separated from the two. Once this happens, people get to leave the earth as equals without the ability to gain unfair leverage above their counterparts on earth. This appears to be one of the main role death plays in the lives of humanity. God talks about humans in a manner that suggests that they are feeling invincible and beyond reproach for their actions. As such death is sent to reset the status quo and place it in a manner that God desires it where humans focus on what is actually important (Gilman, 1989).
In Death’s work of resetting the status-quo, it also plays another role. This role is that of revealing to humanity what is actually important in this life and beyond. This aspect of death’s work in humanity’s existence is seen in the grace-period he gives everyman, a chance for him to make his life right before his life on earth comes to an end. From the author’s point of view, the issue of death is meant to give lessons to humanity, not just the dying buy humanity in general, people need to realize that there is a bigger picture than what they can see in their immediate environment. God sends death because everyman is short sighted in the things he values. The authors may likely have seen this in his own society, people prioritizing things that are selfish and not really of any value in a spiritual context. When people witness death, hear of it or just think of it, it makes them think twice about their own existence and what they are currently doing in their lives and how this will reflect on their existences after death. This was done in a context where Christianity was the main if not only form of faith in England. As such these people believed in heaven or hell with the former being a place for those who lived a virtuous life and the latter being a place where sinners got punished. Within the strict context of the play, sinners would have been those who held close to goods and knowledge at the expense of good deeds. Good deeds as the only friend who everyman had vaguely refers to the fact that one’s ascension into heaven was pegged on not just refraining from sin but actively engaging in positive actions.
Last but not least, death appears to be the determinant of a person’s fate in terms of the final judgment that he or she will be subjected to at the end of their lives. In the play death does not instantly go to take the life of everyman. His conversation with man begins with somewhat of an introduction and this leads to their having a conversation. During the conversation death makes man aware of the fate awaiting him. The other friends of man, virtues and vices such as the love for wealth and knowledge are given an opportunity to reveal their true nature and worth for everyman before he dies. Good deeds are also given a chance to reveal themselves and give man a chance to take them seriously and to heart. Death had the option of immediately taking the life of man but instead he gives man a chance to actually purge the vices and embrace virtues. In this regard death appears to have used some form of discretion instead of being as harsh and scary as humanity believes. This however also means that death had the option and ability to take the lives of other people without giving them a chance to make their ways right (Potter, 1975)
From the above it is clear that the creative use of allegory by the anonymous playwright of this play helps tremendously in painting death in more than one dimension. The verbal interaction between death and other characters in the play is significant in that it gives the audience a chance to see the different roles and attributes of death not previously thought about. Death appears to do God’s bidding when it comes to the relation between humanity and the concept of mortality. The main character and possible the audience all get to learn about the importance of being deliberate about good deeds as well as being weary about the perils of loving wealth too much.
References
Anonymous (n.d.) Everyman
Potter, R. A. (1975). The English Morality Play: Origins, History, and Influence of a Dramatic Tradition. Routledge.
Gilman, D. (1989). Everyman & company: essays on the theme and structure of the European moral play (Vol. 15). Ams Pr Inc.
Barnouw, A. J. (2012). The Mirror of salvation: a moral play of Everyman C. 1490 (Vol. 2). Springer Science & Business Media.
King, P. M. (2014). Rules of exchange in mediaeval plays and play manuscripts. Literature as Dialogue: Invitations offered and negotiated, 22, 177.
Cohn, R. (2014). Just Play: Beckett’s Theater. Princeton University Press.
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Write a 750-word essay that analyzes the poem below.
One of the pages has to be the thesis and outline to use to organize your ideas. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using current APA format.
Discussion of audiences, and the accompanying theme
The reader as the audience, and the accompanying theme
The mariners as the audience, and the accompanying theme
Himself as the audience and the theme in this stage
Conclusion
Thesis Statement
The poem Ulysses features a monologue by Ulysses, the king and his verbalizing of thoughts he has about his relationship with his current responsibilities, as husband to an ailing wife, father to a capable heir to the throne, leader of a group of mariners who he adventures with and finally as the leader of a nation he feels is not performing as per its current potential. This poem stands out because all of this information is conveyed exclusively through the dialogue by the persona, Ulysses. Ulysses appears to be a man in a multidimensional dilemma with each parameter involved being of great importance and this is aggravated by the fact that he feels he is running out of time and has to make a decision about what to do whether to honor his obligation to his wife, the people he rules over or to his spirit of adventure.
Ulysses to his ailing wife
At the start of the poem the speaker starts by complaining about the fact that he is confined to his home taking care of his wife whose health is not doing well. He has been with his wife for a long time and now that she is ill, he is obligated to stay at home and oversee whatever care she gets as well as any other specific request there is. While this is very important, he quickly. His problem is not that he has to take care of his wife, his biggest problem is that he is rather still at home and believes that this is making him waste away as well. For him, progress and survival during travels are the things that help to keep one ‘fit’ (Jump, 2013).
Himself as the audience
As stated above, this is a monologue and this essentially means that he can hear everything that is being said. There are however specific sections of the speech he gives that address him as the target of the words being spoken. These are of course being done within the context of the larger monologue. When he is talking to himself, he is addressing his intensely strong desire to travel and adventure as he has done most of his life. He feels that this is the only way he gets to actually live life and be productive. The fact that life at home is sedentary without new challenges appears to bore him and make him feel irrelevant. This is seen in the way he addresses the people he leads as ‘unarmed’ suggesting that he is somewhat bored by the continuous and uneventful peace, the lack of arms suggesting the presence of a sustained tranquility in the area. He has to address himself as he feels that these travels are the only way his life gets to have some meaning. This is perhaps an effort to justify his decision to leave his ailing wife. He is of the strong belief that these travels have made him the man he is and he therefore needs to remain loyal to them (Faas, 2014).
Ulysses to the people being ruled
Given that his possible travel is bound to take him away from his duty as the king for a long time and possibly for eternity, he owes the people he is ruling an explanation and also a reassurance that they will be in good hands when he is away. He introduces Telemachus, his son as an able successor. He further goes ahead to describe the leadership qualities the son has, coupled with the virtues he is known to hold. This appears to be an informal handing over and resignation to the fact that he has resolved to travel the seas for the rest of his life. He says that this will be his work while the son does the work of ruling the isle (Tennyson, n.d.).
Ulysses message to the Mariners
As the monologue draws to a close, Ulysses talks to the mariners who are the sailors he traveled the seas with. He reminds them of all the adventures they have had together and this appears to be somewhat of a pitch given the fact that they have also aged and are weary.
The king is desperate to hold on to and maximize on whatever life he has left inside of him. While he has some other serious obligations to attend to, it is evident that he feels there is more to life than the glamour of being a king. It seems like he spent most a great of his life giving to others and never really got a chance to enjoy it for himself. He is almost at the end of his life and deeply desires a chance to do what he loves most, travel the seas, adventure and enjoy his existence to the maximum (Tate, 2012).
Reference
Faas, E. (2014). Retreat into the Mind: Victorian Poetry and the Rise of Psychiatry. Princeton University Press.
Jump, J. D. (2013). Lord Alfred Tennyson: the critical heritage. Routledge.
Tate, G. P. (2012). The Last Lines of’Ulysses’. Tennyson Research Bulletin, 10(1), 66-70.
Tenison, A (n.d.) Ulysses
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