It is important that the writer bear in mind that this EBP is to help the patient with type 2 diabetes and not educate the healthcare professionals. So when completing this paper, he must take that into consideration. the writer must also be very detailed when responding to all the questions below. The writer must also note that this paper is a continuation of 113908 and 114068. The writer must reference back to those paper to be able to understand how to respond to this order here. I will also upload the main paper here so that the writer will again see what we are working on as of this time bearing in mind that all this is in preparation of the second section of this paper which will be completed some weeks to come.
During this week’s paper you will focus on implementing the change.
Building on work done in the clinical practicum setting this week, and looking toward work with the EBP, address these questions:
1. What internal and external governing entities (individuals, groups) must approve the change prior to implementation?
2. Is an IRB required? Why or why not?
3. Approximately how long will it take to gain approval to implement your plan?
4. What aspects of your plan might be of concern to governing bodies? Why?
SAMPLE ANSWER
Governing entities
Different governing entities work in partnership with co-regulators in inspecting, investigating, and taking enforcement action where necessary. These entities are responsible for regulating various aspects within the healthcare sector. Some have specific legislative powers that puts in them in a position to respond to patient or service user complaints or incidents (Carlson et al., 2015). Before my project of educating nurses on delivery of quality care to diabetic patients is implemented, some governing entities, both external and internal, should approve it.
External Governing Entities
General Medical Council
This organization plays a crucial role of ensuring clinical settings maintain professional standards. According to Wood et al, it serves to improve the care of patients, use an inspection framework in standardizing independent healthcare services, and reduce healthcare associated infection risk to patients (Wood et al., 2013).
Care Quality Commission (CQC)
This is an independent body that regulates the quality as well as safety of care delivery. It uses information from a wide range of sources to analyze the outcomes of people who have received medical attention. Since my project will be on improve the outcomes of diabetic patients, approval from this commission will be quite significant.
Professional Bodies such as Nursing Association and Diabetic Association.
These organizations ensure that there is proper maintenance of standards by health and social care professionals. They accomplish similar duties for various professions across the country. Their main functions include; setting and maintaining standards for education, training, and conduct (Harvey Wallace et al., 2014). This is a very powerful body which should approve my project before it progresses.
Internal Entities
They include;
Top Level Management in the hospital such as the Chief Medical Officer (CMO)
Chief Hospital Nutritionist
Chief Nursing Officer
These are very important officials in any hospital. Changes that my affect the nature of activities conducted in the hospital should be approved by these individuals. For instance, the CMO is quite important because my project will need some funding which requires his/her approval, the nutritionist will also be at the center of my project since he/she will go through the proposed interventions and ensure that they are in line with the needs of diabetic patients. Since this project will heavily entail execution of the proposed changes by the nurses, the Chief Nursing Officer should also approve the project and ensure that it does not infringe the welfare of the nurses.
Is an IRB Required?
Yes. My project will need an IRB to ensure that the safety and well-being of the patients is maintained, ensure that my project contains only ethical and scientifically effective research prior to implementation, and lastly to solve concerns from the general public regarding the responsible conduct of the project.
Approximately how long will it take to gain approval for implementation of the plan?
The approximated approval time for this project is about one month. This will be suitable because new nurses will be joining the hospital for practice and I would like them to be leading ambassadors of this change.
Aspects that may be of concern to the governing entities
One of the major concerns that may arise is employee resistance. Usually employees tend to oppose change citing reasons that the change may affect their familiarity by changing their expectations and roles in the hospital (Hon, Bloom & Crant, 2014). The governing entities would therefore question what plan I have in place in case such an instance arises.
The other concern will be on finance. The governing entities would like to know my budget and ensure that the allocation will not disrupt major activities of the institution.
Project Planning. They will also like to know how the project is going to be executed. For instance, the project will involve education of some nurses. The entities would not like this training to be conducted at times when some of this nurses should be attending to patients.
References
Carlson, V., Chilton, M. J., Corso, L. C., & Beitsch, L. M. (2015). Defining the Functions of Public Health Governance. American journal of public health, 105(S2), S159-S166.
Harvey Wallace, D., Tilson, H., Carlson, M. V. P., & Valasek, M. T. (2014). Instrumental roles of governance in accreditation: responsibilities of public health governing entities. Journal of public health management and practice: JPHMP, 20(1), 61.
Hon, A. H., Bloom, M., & Crant, J. M. (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance. Journal of Management, 40(3), 919-941.
Wood, D., Wood, A., Fleming, D., Macrobin, D., Thomson, D. A. S., Hargrave, M., … & Apjohn, S. D. C. (2013). General Medical Council.
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Base your initial post on the paragraph below, your readings and research on this topic.
Alzheimer’s disease is a condition with increasing incidence in our population. There is no differential diagnosis, so the onset of the disease may go unnoticed by others. By the time the patient reaches the moderate stage of the disease, manifestations are quite apparent to others and the required level of care often places tremendous strain on the caregiver. Caregiver role strain is a nursing diagnosis that is frequently applied in the situation.
After reading the above information, discuss the following points (minimum of 250 words):
Since patient wandering and confusion are common for the patient with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease, what would the RN teach the family about maintaining a safe environment? Provide three examples.
How would the RN adjust the teaching teaching based on the family’s educational level, socioeconomic status or culture? Provide two examples
What are common symptoms of caregiver role strain?
Provide one nursing diagnosis statement (statement must include an actual nursing diagnosis, related factor and as evidenced by) that may be appropriate for a patient with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Since patient wandering and confusion are common for the patient with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease, what would the RN teach the family about maintaining a safe environment? Provide three examples.
The RN should teach the family that patients diagnosed with Alzheimer can comfortably live in their homes, provided the safety measures are put in place. The family members must be educated on ways Alzheimer disease causes changes in the patient’s brain and body functions. This affects the patient reasoning, judgement, physical ability, behaviour, cognitive functions and sense of time (Bridenbaugh, Monsch & Kressig, 2012).
The family should be taught on ways to identify the possible dangers. The hazardous areas should be locked. Drugs and other chemical substances should be stored out of reach, in lockable cupboards. The family must be ready for emergencies. This implies that they should keep emergency phone numbers such as fire departments and local police helplines. The family members should ensure that the safety devices are working. These include smoke detectors and carbon monoxide detectors and fire extinguishers. Walkways should be well lit to prevent falls. All weapons such as guns or other types of weapons must be removed. Basically, the home must be well lit, ventilated and free from hazards. The home should not be too restrictive, but one that encourage social interaction and independence (Schneider, 2011).
To prevent the patient from wandering, the patient’s relatives and care givers should be taught the following strategies. To start with, they should create a daily activity plan. This helps identify the times of the day that wandering occurred. The patient must be reassured whenever they feel lost, disoriented or abandoned. The care giver must refrain from using correcting the patient using harsh voice. All patients’ basic need must be met. They should not allow the patient to go places that trigger confusion and disorientation such as grocery stalls, malls or other venues that are busy. The doors must remain locked, and keys including car keys put out of sight. The patient must never be left alone i.e. they should always be under supervision. If the main issue is night wandering, devices that signal motions should be used (Lacey, Jones, Trigg & Niecko, 2012).
How would the RN adjust the teaching based on the family’s educational level, socioeconomic status or culture? Provide two examples
Despite the increase emphasis on patient centred care, when it comes to coping strategies for Alzheimer, the healthcare provider should focus on family centred care. In this case, the RN must conduct a family assessment to understand patient structure as well as style. This helps RN formulate effective teaching plan (Skoog, 2011).
To begin with, the RN should evaluate the barriers that would hinder the family ability to deliver health care. This includes the ages, sex and health status of the family member. The family socioeconomic status influences the teaching strategy. People from high socioeconomic status are most likely to be educated, thus basic healthcare can be used during the teaching process. However, those from low income households tend to have low level of education which determines people’s attitudes and perceptions of care. Additionally, some family members lack basic knowledge of the disease. Cultural backgrounds could make some patients to believe in folk medicine. These factors must be addressed when teaching the patient’s family members (Trigg, Jones, Lacey & Niecko, 2012).
What are common symptoms of caregiver role strain?
The demands of giving care to Alzheimer patients are very taxing which can lead to care givers strain and burnout. These are manifested through stress, anxiety, exhaustion, and sleep disturbances. Other common symptoms of care giver role strains include changes in appetite, depression, withdrawal and mood swings (Trigg, Jones, Lacey & Niecko, 2012).
Provide one nursing diagnosis statement (statement must include an actual nursing diagnosis, related factor and as evidenced by) that may be appropriate for a patient with moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease.
Anxiety related to stress and situational crisis as evidenced by insomnia, restlessness, memory loss, and cognitive functions deficits.
References
Bridenbaugh, S., Monsch, A., & Kressig, R. (2012). How does gait change as cognitive decline progresses in the elderly?. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 8(4), P131-P132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.349
Lacey, L., Jones, R., Trigg, R., & Niecko, T. (2012). Caregiver burden as illness progresses in Alzheimer’s disease (AD): Association with patient dependence on others and other factors—Results from the Dependence in Alzheimer’s Disease in England (DADE) study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 8(4), P248-P249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.660
Schneider, L. (2011). Agitation and Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7(4), S92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.223
Skoog, I. (2011). Vascular Disease Risk Factors and Alzheimer’s Disease. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 7(4), S284. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2011.05.822
Trigg, R., Jones, R., Lacey, L., & Niecko, T. (2012). Relationship between patient self-assessed and proxy-assessed quality of life (QoL) and patient dependence on others as illness progresses in Alzheimer’s disease: Results from the Dependence in Alzheimer’s Disease in England (DADE) study. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 8(4), P250-P251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2012.05.667
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NR-512 NURSING INFORMATICS
Readings are as follows:
McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
•Chapter 7: Informatics Roles and the Knowledge Work of Nursing
References
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (n.d.). Crosswalk of the master’s essentials with the baccalaureate and DNP essentials. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/faculty/faculty-tool-kits/masters-essentials/Crosswalk-of-Masters.pdf
American Association of Colleges of Nursing QSEN Consortium. (2012). Graduate-level QSEN competencies: Knowledge, skills and attitudes. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.nche.edu/faculty/qsen/competencies.pdf
Institute of Medicine (IOM). (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
McGonigle, D. & Mastrian, K. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett.
Reay, T., Goodrick, E., Casebeer, A., & Hinings, C. R. (2013). Legitimizing new practices in primary health care. Health Care Management Review, 38(1), 9–19. doi: 10.1097/HMR.0b013e31824501b6
Scott, E. S. & Miles, J. (2013). Advancing leadership capacity in nursing. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 37(1), 77–82. doi:10.1097/NAQ.0b013e3182751998
The TIGER Initiative. (2013). About TIGER: TIGER Vision Statement. Retrieved from http://www.thetigerinitiative.org/about.aspx
The TIGER Initiative. (n.d.). Revolutionary leadership driving healthcare innovation: The TIGER leadership development collaborative report. Retrieved from http://www.thetigerinitiative.org/docs/TigerReport_RevolutionaryLeadership.pdf
The TIGER Initiative. (n.d.). Transforming education for an informatics agenda: TIGER education and faculty development collaborative. Retrieved from http://www.thetigerinitiative.org/docs/TigerReport_EducationFacultyDevelopment_000.pdf
Page or paragraph numbers must be included with quotes per APA. See APA re how to format references and in-text citations i.e. capitalization issues and use of the ampersand versus the word (“and”).
Including at least one in-text citation and matching reference.
Check for grammar and spellings
Discussion- Reflection on Nursing Informatics Competencies (graded)
Reflect on your self-assessment completed in Week 1. How do your current competencies compare to discussions of NI competencies in the published, scholarly literature?
Hello NR 512 nurses! Welcome to the week 4 discussion and exploration of nursing informatics competencies. You all are somewhat familiar with these already as you completed the TIGER competencies in week 1. We are going to dig a bit deeper this week and apply evidence to our discussion.
The course outcome guiding our discussion this week is:
CO #5: Explore various nurse roles, competencies, and skills in informatics. (POs 2, 11)
——-
This week, reflect on your self-assessment completed in Week 1. The question this week is, “Reflect on your self-assessment completed in Week 1. How do your current competencies compare to discussions of NI competencies in the published, scholarly literature?”
In order to fully respond to this question you need to COMPARE your current competencies compare to discussions of Nursing Informatics competencies in the published, scholarly literature. A comparison notes either similarities, or similarities and differences. You might consider comparing by using either the block method or point-by-point method (you can Google these terms to see how they might be used) or any other way you find most effective.
Some other things to consider as you create your post: Have you seen any impact from your current competencies in your daily practice or perhaps even in your continuing work toward your graduate degree? Is there enough literature out there or does more research need to be done in this area? What are your strengths, weaknesses, and where you would like to focus your learning in technology and nursing informatics?
Name: Sophia David
SELF ASSESSMENT OF TIGER NURSING INFORMATICS COMPETENCIES
For each statement below, please rank your level of competence
Clinical Information Management
Novice Competent Proficient Expert
Capture data and information related to clinical care
0
0
x 0
Update data and information 0
x 0
0
Display on a screen 0
0
x 0
Print standardized (pre-formatted) reports 0
0
x 0
Demonstrate procedures that assure confidentiality
of protected patient health information (PHI) 0
x 0
0
Demonstrate procedures for maintaining security of PHI 0
x 0
0
Demonstrate procedures to maintain security of organizational information 0
0
x 0
Find information stored in the HIS to guide patient care (guidelines, standardized plans of care, protocols, etc.) 0
0
x 0
Communicate electronically with others, such as colleagues 0
0
x 0
Information Literacy
Novice Competent Proficient Expert
Determine the nature and extent of the information needed 0
x 0
0
Describe information need through key concepts and terms 0
0
x 0
Identify keywords, synonyms, and related terms for the information needed 0
0
x 0
Describe the available proprietary information systems (CINAHL, EBSCO, etc.) 0
x 0
0
Determine the most appropriate methods for accessing information electronically : search engines, interfaces (the database screens), and content available through a given system 0
x 0
0
State the risks and constraints of searching the Internet for needed evidence-based information 0
x 0
0
Use appropriate search language and parameters for selected system 0
x 0
0
Assess the quantity, quality, and relevance of the search results to determine whether alternative information retrieval systems or investigative methods should be utilized 0
0
x 0
Evaluate information and its sources critically and incorporates selected information into his or her knowledge base and value system 0
x 0
0
Identify verbatim material that can be appropriately quoted x 0
0
0
Restate in your own words main concepts from a source 0
x 0
0
Compare information from various sources to evaluate reliability, validity, accuracy, authority, timeliness, and point of view or bias 0
0
x 0
Judge the scholarly nature of a source such as: physical appearance, advertising, peer review, references, footnotes) 0
0
x 0
Analyze the structure and logic of supporting arguments or methods 0
0
x 0
Determine the value added by the new information 0
x 0
0
Synthesize conclusions based upon information gathered 0
x 0
0
Use information effectively to accomplish a specific purpose individually or as a member of a group 0
x 0
0
Articulate knowledge and skills transferred from prior experiences to meet information-need purpose 0
x 0
0
Manipulate digital text, images, and data to transfer from original source into new context 0
0
x 0
Evaluate outcomes of the use of information 0
x 0
0
Describe privacy and security of information 0
x 0
0
Explain free versus fee-based access to information 0
x 0
0
Use approved passwords and other forms of ID for access to information resources 0
x 0
0
Describe how to preserve the integrity of information resources, equipment, systems and facilities 0
0
x 0
Obtain, store, and disseminate text, data, images, or sounds legally 0
0
x 0
Basic Computer Competencies
Novice Competent Proficient Expert
Describe the concepts of uploading and downloading 0
0
x 0
Activate a hyperlink x 0
0
0
Define the term e-learning 0
x 0
0
Name options for recycling computer components, printer cartridges and paper 0
x 0
0
Name ways to protect my computer and information 0
0
x 0
Start the computer and log on securely using a user name and password 0
0
0
x
Restart the computer using an appropriate routine 0
0
0
x
Shut down a non-responding application 0
0
x 0
Shut down the computer using an appropriate routine 0
0
0
x
Use available Help functions 0
0
x 0
View the computer’s basic system information 0
0
0
x
Create a desktop icon 0
0
x 0
Collapse, expand, restore, resize, move, close a window 0
0
x 0
Create a folder and subfolder 0
0
x 0
Identify common file types 0
x 0
0
Use a text editing application 0
x 0
0
Sort files 0
x 0
0
Rename files, folders 0
0
x 0
Move files, folders between folders and between drives 0
x 0
0
Restore files, folders from the recycle bin/wastebasket/trash 0
0
x 0
Use anti-virus software to scan specific drives, folders, files 0
0
x 0
Change the default printer from an installed-printer list 0
x 0
0
Open an application 0
x 0
0
Create a new file 0
x 0
0
Save a file to a location on a drive 0
0
x 0
Close an application 0
0
x 0
Open a file 0
0
x 0
Close a file 0
0
x 0
Switch between open files 0
0
x 0
Copy and paste content between files 0
0
0
x
Display/ hide built-in toolbars 0
0
0
x
Identify risks associated with online 0
0
x 0
Display a web page in a new window, tab. 0
0
0
x
Discuss the main benefits of instant messaging 0
0
x 0
Recognize examples of social networking websites, Internet forums, chat rooms, online computer games 0
0
0
x
Recognize attempted phishing 0
x 0
0
Explain the importance of network etiquette (netiquette) 0
0
x 0
Identify possible problems when sending file attachments 0
0
x 0
Complete the To, Copy (Cc), Blind copy (Bcc), and subject fields in email 0
0
0
x
Insert, remove a file attachment 0
0
0
x
Save a draft of an e-mail 0
0
0
x
Use a spell-checking tool and correct spelling errors 0
0
0
x
Send an e-mail, send an e-mail with a low, high priority. 0
0
0
x
Use the reply, reply to all function 0
0
0
x
Forward an e-mail 0
0
0
x
Add, remove message inbox headings like: sender, subject, date received 0
0
x 0
Apply a setting to reply with, without original message insertion 0
0
x 0
Flag an e-mail. Remove a flag mark from an e-mail 0
0
0
x
Identify an e-mail as read, unread. Mark an e-mail as unread, read 0
0
0
x
Search for an e-mail by sender, subject, e-mail content 0
0
0
x
Add contact details to an address book. Delete contact details from an address book 0
0
0
x
SAMPLE ANSWER
Nursing Informatics
There is a number of nursing informatics competencies. These include overarching competency; knowledge and information management; regulatory and professional accountability; and communication and information technologies. Evidently, I am not competent in some of these competencies as I still am incompetent in some of their indicators. In relation to overarching competency, I am able to use communication and information technologies for supporting information synthesis based on regulatory and professional standard in client or patient care delivery (Saba & McCormick, 2015, 38).
Although I am able to use many of the indicators related to knowledge and information management which helps support evidence-based patient care delivery, I have challenges critically evaluating information and data from different sources including relevant websites, practice guidelines, databases, clinical applications and experts, and this hinders proper nursing care delivery as some aspects are missed. One of the indicators for regulatory and professional accountability is recognizing the need to involve nurses in the selection, design, evaluation, and implementation of systems and applications in healthcare (McGonigle & Mastrian, 2012, 19). However, I have not yet been able to be involved adequately, and this makes me feel that I am somehow not sufficiently part of the system. In relation to the communication and information technologies competency, although I can identify the various technologies, demonstrating appropriate use is a challenge since some are not in the department I work in. therefore, while pursuing the graduate degree, I still need to do a lot for total competency to be demonstrated. This will also ensure that I am able to practice professionally and competently in my practice, something that I doubt I am doing correctly at the moment (Mcbride, 2015, 29).
There is a need for more research in this area since there are inconsistencies and the current literature dates a few years back. I am competent in many of the competencies’ indicators but as noted above, there are some where improvements are needed. I have a deep desire to familiarize myself with the various technologies including EMR, HER (electronic health records), point of care systems, devices for monitoring fetal heart, telehomecare, hemodynamic monitoring, and capillary blood glucose (Baker, 2012, 34). I addition, I need to be competent with the decision support tools like critical pathways, clinical reminders and alerts, as well as web-based clinical practice guides. This will promote a practice with safe patient care and clinical judgment.
References
Baker, J. D. (2012). Nursing informatics. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders.
Mcbride, S. (2015). Nursing informatics for the advanced practice nurse: Patient safety, quality, outcomes, and … interprofessionalism. Place of publication not identified: Springer Publishing.
McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2012). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Saba, V., & McCormick, K. (2015). Essentials of Nursing Informatics, 6th Edition. New York, N.Y: McGraw-Hill Education.
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This paper is a continuation of 113908, and it would be nice for the same writer to complete this paper as it is a continuation. The writer will respond to the questions below base on the requirements. The writer must also read the uploaded paper so that he can better understand how to respond to this questions in the order form below. The EBP paper we are working as you will see on the uploaded paper is “Lack of proper education on patient with type 2 diabetes”. Base on that the writer will continue this week by responding detail to the questions pose below.
Designing a Practice Change
“Lack of proper education on patient with type 2 diabetes”
During this week’s paper, you will focus on designing a practice change.
Building on work done in the clinical practicum setting this week, and looking toward work with the EBP, address these questions:
1. What is your timeline/schedule for your project?
2. What key personnel (including a change champion) are needed?
3. What supplies are needed (e.g., technology, marketing materials, etc.)?
4. What areas are included for your budget? What is the approximate cost of the entire project?
5. How do items 1-4 above tie directly to the project goals?
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
Trends have indicated an increase in prevalence in diabetes with 42% of the patients with diabetes aged over 65 years (Chen et al., 2012). Projections have been conducted and proved that this ratio will increase to over 60% by 2050. This increase in diabetes prevalence has also impacted related health care costs. For instance, the average acute hospital cost for managing diabetic patient with a diabetic foot was estimated to be $9,900 in the USA (Dabelea et al, 2014). According to Wong et al, this rise in the prevalence of diabetes has made it imperious to offer training and practice care for clinicians to manage diabetes (Wong et al., 2015). This paper is going to focus on the design of Evidence Based Practice training program that will be aimed at training healthcare practitioners on diabetes and improving the outcomes of patients with diabetes.
Timeline
The training module will involve one basic 50-minute presentation which will be conducted by a well-trained diabetes educator and a physician. The presentation will be conducted on Monday, Wednesday and from 0800hrs to 0850hrs for a period of two months. The presentation will be divided into two parts. The first part will concentrate on enlightening the trainees on diabetes, that is, the causes, risk factors, onset, types, signs and symptoms, treatment, and management of this disease. This part will also highlight the complications associated with diabetes. The second part of the presentation will concentrate more on patient education which is an integral component of comprehensive patient care. Several long term care facilities will be contacted as potential recruitment sites. Comprehensive training modules and assessment measures will also be developed to aid in the evaluation of immediate and long term impact of the training project.
Key Personnel
To achieve the educational needs of the clinicians the program will focus on training licensed practical nurses (LPNs), registered nurses (RNs), and physical therapists. The module will conduct a follow-up of learning outcomes in one group (RNs). The training will be designed for a small group of between 20-30 trainees in each session. This will ensure that close interaction is maintained between the participants and the instructors, with time set aside for participant comments and questions.
Supplies Needed
Some of the material that will be required include; PowerPoint presentation, videos, and handouts.
PowerPoint Presentation: Will consist of 40 slides. These slides will entail a brief overview of diabetes, and the associated complications such as foot problems, risk of amputation, blurred vision, and kidney problems. It will also offer information on appropriate history taking, keeping of records, conducting physical examination, and appropriate specialist referral.
Video: This will demonstrate the proper techniques of carrying out patient examination such as conducting a monofilament examination with the aid of a tuning fork.
Handout: Will be issued to the participants for daily patient explaining and for explaining how to conduct physical examination on a patient with diabetes.
An official website that will contain all that will have been taught during this period.
Cost
For successful completion of this module, funds will be used in paying two diabetes instructors, paying the IT technicians who will compile the PowerPoint presentation, the video, creation of website and typing of the handout. Funds will also be used in buying enough training materials such as tuning forks for the monofilament examination and glucometers. All this will be allocated a total of $ 2,000.
How do these items tie up to project goals?
These items will help in achieving the set goal of 10-15% increase in diabetes practice change two month post training. Such training promotes clinical judgment and advance patient care quality. The clinicians will understand how to acquire, interpret, and incorporate the best available research evidence with clinical observations and patient data which are important aspects in clinical practice (Wong et al., 2015).
References
Chen, L., Magliano, D. J., & Zimmet, P. Z. (2012). The worldwide epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus—present and future perspectives. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 8(4), 228-236.
Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J., … & Liese, A. D. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009. Jama, 311(17), 1778-1786.
Wong, C. K. H., Wong, W. C. W., Wan, Y. F., Chan, A. K. C., Chan, F. W. K., & Lam, C. L. K. (2015). Effect of a Structured Diabetes Education Programme in Primary Care on Hospitalizations and Emergency Department visits among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: results from the Patient Empowerment Programme. Diabetic Medicine.
Wong, C. K., Wong, W. C., Wan, Y. F., Chan, A. K., Chan, F. W., & Lam, C. L. (2015). Patient Empowerment Programme (PEP) and Risk of Microvascular Diseases Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Primary Care: A Population-Based Propensity-Matched Cohort Study. Diabetes care, 38(8), e116-e117.
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For this paper, the writer will have to compose a paper that is original, thought-provoking, in-depth, and demonstrates quality research. Posting stimulates critical inquiry and investigation. Relevance of the topic must be demonstrated throughout the entire paper.
The Project Management Process
The term “project management process” implies that projects can be managed and that a process exists for doing so. The project management process can be mastered with a great deal of dedication and perseverance. However, as with most processes, mastery is an ongoing progression that requires continuous improvement, learning, and refinement.
Project management can be viewed as a project in its own right, in which sensible steps are taken in a logical order leading toward a worthy goal. You may never feel that you have truly mastered the project management process, but each step mastered is a step in the right direction, beginning with those covered in this week’s study.
For this paper, review the Process Groups and Knowledge Areas as defined by the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) and discussed in your readings. Consider how the Process Groups and Knowledge Areas affect management and strategy.
Respond to the following key areas of the paper using pear review articles and clearly addressing each point here below:
– First, select a Process Group or Knowledge Area.
– Second, find an organization in the U.S in which the Process Group or Knowledge Area had a direct impact on the organization’s success.
– Post a brief description of this organization focusing on management and strategy rather than execution.
– Describe the organization’s values and ideologies, and explain how the organization is enhanced by stressing these values and ideologies.
– Then, explain why you think this Process Group or Knowledge Area is important to the strategic environment of the organization.
Readings
• Hamel, G. (2012). What matters now: How to win in a world of relentless change, ferocious competition, and unstoppable innovation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
o Section 1, “Values Matter Now” (pp. 1–38)
Managers are willing to accept that their organizations can have lofty goals that would make the world a better place, but they cannot seem to bring themselves to actually talk and act in ways that inspire employees.
o Section 5, “Ideology Matters Now”” (pp. 179–257)
The author asserts that even though most managers do not talk about ideology, most exhibit ideologies that prevent their organizations from being more adaptable, more innovative, more inspiring, and more noble-minded.
• Wysocki, R. K. (2014). Effective project management: Traditional, agile, extreme (7th ed.). Indianapolis, IN: John Wiley & Sons.
o Chapter 1, “What Is a Project?” (pp. 3–23)
To be called a project, a collection of work must meet a very specific definition. If it does, a specific set of requirements must be applied to its management.
o Chapter 3, “What are the Project Management Process Groups” (pp. 66–100)
Five Process Groups are explained and mapped to nine Knowledge Areas. The author describes the Process Groups as the building blocks of project management methodologies.
o Chapter 4, “How to Scope a TPM Project” (pp. 103–140)
A clear understanding of the scope of a project is critical to its planning and execution phases. This clear understanding must be developed and documented in collaboration with the client.
• Rose, K. H. (2013). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)-Fifth Edition. Project Management Journal, 44(3), e1. doi:10.1002/pmj.21345 .
This guide presents a set of standard terminology and guidelines for project management. It contains data flow diagrams that clarify inputs and outputs for each process and features two new processes that identify Stakeholders and Collect Requirements.
• Khan, A., Shaikh, P., Dhembre, C., & Gawali, S. (2011). Cloud services for collaborative web based project management system. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 8(6), 180–184.
Retrieved from http://www.ijcsi.org/papers/IJCSI-8-6-2-180-184.pdf
This research suggests that project management systems utilizing the cloud computing concept can provide a more effective avenue for managing complex information required for complex projects. Uncertainty may be neutralized with technologies that improve definition, purpose, and scope. The authors offer real-time insight in project requirements.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The process of project management is quite complex and requires a deep understanding of process groups and deep knowledge of project management concepts such as project integration, project time management, project scope management among others. Be as it may, project management refers to the application of set processes, methods, knowledge, skills and experience to attain set objectives of a project (Kerzner 2013). These objectives could be benefits, outputs or even outcomes. This paper discusses the concept of quality project management using Apple Company.
Apple Incorporation is one of the most successful American multinational technology companies. Some of the key business activities of Apple is designing, development and selling of computer software and hardware, consumer electronics and online services. The firm’s headquarters is in California, and it was founded in 1976 by three partners Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne and Steve Wozniac. The firm can constantly produce innovative quality products that are designed to suit customer needs and desires (Burke 2013). This is achieved through successful project management, research and development.
Apple Incorporation has successfully acquired. Managed and share knowledge to come effectively up with new capability with the main goal endorsing innovation and development of new products. The company has supportive organization culture in which employees, management and the stakeholders focus on the bigger picture (Turner 2014). The company also has modern IT infrastructure, excellent employee grouping, and good project quality management to ensure that the company always produces quality products.
The CEO of the company, Steve Jobs can align quality project management and business strategy. This is achieved by development of strategies to offer brand new, innovative merchandise using blended art and technology to offer simple and streamlined user experience (Unab & Kundi 2014).
Apple Culture has played a crucial role in the success of the company. Apple values encompass of qualities, standards, principles and customs that Apple believes that can will assist it together with its workers to be successful (Eastham et al., 2014). Some of the key principles that oversee Apple Inc. Business demeanor includes; compassion for customers, accomplishment, positive community contribution, novelty, personal performance, group spirit, quality and brilliance, personal reward as well as excellent executives. The company is focused on producing simple, elegant, and innovative products that suit customer needs. By stressing this values and ideologies, the firm can develop innovative products and remain relevant in the competitive and dynamic technology industry (Schwalbe 2015). Apple’s culture which was nurtured by the founder and CEO Steve Jobs is the fabric that makes Apple employees to be loyal. In the end, this loyalty translates to the brand loyalty exhibited by the clients of the firm.
Project Quality Management is important for Apple Company because of the nature of its business. The success of Apple projects in producing innovative products such as tablets, phones among others is as a result of proper and efficient project quality management. Without quality management, innovation at Apple Company would not be of much importance. This is because products produced may not meet the standards often set by the customers (Chan et al., 2013).
In conclusion, total quality management is essential for Apple Incorporation. This is because the firm has multiple projects to develop quality products such as Computers, smartphones, tablets among others. The success of the company is in producing such innovative products as a result of efficient project quality management.
References
Kerzner, H. R. (2013). Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
Turner, J. R. (2014). The handbook of project-based management (Vol. 92). McGraw-hill.
Unab, W., & Kundi, M. F. A. (2014). Review of Project Management (PM) Practices in Public Infrastructure Development Organizations of Pakistan.Journal of Strategy and Performance Management, 2(4), 144.
Eastham, J., Tucker, D. J., Varma, S., & Sutton, S. M. (2014). PLM software selection model for project management using hierarchical decision modeling with criteria from PMBOK® knowledge areas. Engineering Management Journal, 26(3), 13-24.
Schwalbe, K. (2015). Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.
Chan, J., Pun, N., & Selden, M. (2013). The politics of global production: Apple, Foxconn and China’s new working class. New Technology, Work and Employment, 28(2), 100-115.
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Please Read and Summarize above White Paper “Gartner Handout – Infrastructure as a Service” in APA style format (3-4 pages). Students should also integrate answers to the following three questions in their papers:
§ What is the white paper trying to say?
§ What is the significance of what you read?
§ How does the material influence you?
Papers will be graded for accuracy of interpretation, rigor of argument, and clarity of expression.
Thanks,
Customer
SAMPLE ANSWER
With the market evolution and growing demand for service-based cloud computing infrastructure, there exists a need for reputable cloud infrastructure service providers to improvise the traditional platforms. Though there are other services provided by the magic quadrant, the paper only evaluates cloud compute infrastructure as a service provider. Cloud computing is a service that offers flexible information technology components through the use of the internet.
Cloud computing infrastructure has evolved from being offered as a physical component to a service and still ably competes with data centers and infrastructure based IT initiatives. Other elements of the service-based infrastructural market are cloud printing and cloud storage. However, cloud computing consists the largest market of the cloud Compute Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). The paper provides an evaluation of cloud computing IaaS with the vendors that are known to offer the service.
As a major component of the magic quadrant, cloud computing infrastructure as a service is an automatic and standardized component that allows computer resources to be transferred to customers by service providers on demand. The computer resources can be shared by different tenants or by a single tenant and hosted by the service provider or on customer’s premises. The service infrastructure offers user-interfaces directly to the client.
Cloud infrastructure can be in the form of a service or a technology platform. Cloud infrastructure as a service is advantageous to the technology platform in that it offers direct services to the customer through self-service. However, there are capabilities that the technology platform offers that the service infrastructure is unable to perform on its own. Cloud computing IaaS has to use cloud-enabled system infrastructure to offer activities such as outsourcing and data-enabled hosting. Still, on its own, cloud computing IaaS is capable of providing a variety of offerings to the customer.
Gartner clients have a dire need to control IT operations. The evaluation covers the needs of the clients ranging from enterprises, retail and technology firms. The quadrant talks about the development, analysis, and production of the cloud computing IaaS internally and externally. The service hosts diverse workloads for a range of design application. Through the magic quadrant, an emphasis is given to standardized self-service and automation.
Magic Quadrants serve the different needs of customers. Customers are more interested in self-service cloud computing infrastructure. To make the service more reliable, it can still be complemented by negligible amounts of dedicated servers. The magic quadrants offer customized services to organizations that need the service or that want to supplement their traditional hosting platform. Magic Quadrants for Managed Hosting are cloud computing service providers based in North America, Asia, and Europe. The quadrants also provide custom-made cloud computing services for outsourcing of data and utility offerings.
The providers of IaaS are known for offering exceptionally high-quality services that have a high-performance rate. Also, the providers are always available for customer’s inquiries and support. The magic quadrant specifies unique providers that were evaluated. The providers are profiled about their strengths and weaknesses.
Characteristics of Magic Quadrant vendors include:
Ownership of private and public cloud services. The customers are placed on standard infrastructure and cloud-enabled tools.
The providers lay emphasis on hybrid IT elements but with a view on security and self-service control. Though some of the providers target start-ups, they normally lack the capabilities needed by big organizations. It, therefore, becomes important for the selected providers to provide unique offerings that allow easy access to cloud computing infrastructure.
Most of the vendors combine resilient support with maintenance windows for efficient service provision.
Providers mostly do not oversubscribe Random Access Memory resources, but those that do not assure of allocations of resources are identified and noted. However, not all providers have the same storage capability, and it is only those in the quadrant that offer alternatives for storage purposes.
Most of the vendors possess extra SLAs to provide extensive network services, customer services and all of the customer’s inquiries.
Customers define the scope of the services offered hence the infrastructural service is not automatic. For that reason, some providers specialize in offering disaster recovery in case customers want to re-instate the services. Vendors support virtual networking that is secure with the inclusion of firewall. The providers have extra security services that they offer to their customers at varying amounts depending on the customer. Self-service allows customers to bring their portals and VM image.
Finally, after evaluation, the vendors were found to be financially stable, offer contracts in English, sign contracts with clients and provide managed services on Iaas cloud computing.
As a student, the analysis has given an insight on evolution of technology and how traditional computing methods are being replaced with modern technology. Globalization of services and customer’s demand for technology that they can have control over has driven the invention of the Magic Quadrant. The paper provides an overview of the gap that technology is creating in the evolving world and the need for virtual technology. Before one goes for cloud computing services, it is important to analyze the providers since some vendors do not have the required tools for provision of the service.
The paper influences the aspiration for invention in virtual technology to meet the modern market demands. The high number of vendors is attributable to the market demand and therefore means that technology innovation is the new market driving force. Career in software development is not to be underrated in the new digital era.
References
Gartner (2014). Magic Quadrant for Cloud Infrastructure as a Service: Case Study.
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Essay 2 (3000 words)How is globalisation affecting the key actors in the international system?
ASSESSMENT
Criteria
Ensure you analyse and critique rather than simply describing the topic. This involves
using an analytical framework; – Choose relevant examples to illustrate your argument.
Tie theoretical perspectives to real-world examples; – Demonstrate comprehension of the
subject and ensure factual accuracy; – Structure their argument clearly – ensuring that their
essay flows from one point to the next; – Ensure you use evidence to back up the points you
are making; – Use high quality, relevant primary and secondary source literature and
reference their sources using a standard referencing protocol; – Proof-read you work before
submission, write in short sentences, use proper punctuation and grammar.
SAMPLE ANSWER
How Is Globalization Affecting the Key Actors in the International System?
Introduction
Globalization basically has no precise definition. In actual fact, globalization is in danger of becoming the truism of the modern era. Even so, the word globalization encompasses aspects of an extensive perception that there is a widening, deepening and accelerating of global interconnectedness in virtually every aspect of life (Rourke & Boyer, 2000). At the core of globalization is a global shift; meaning, the globe being shaped by technological and economic forces, into a collective political and economic arena. The three main perspectives with regard to globalization include transformationalist, the sceptical, and the hyperglobalist viewpoints (Verma & Singh, 2010).
Hyperglobalists: those who hold this viewpoint maintain the world today is a more and more global world wherein countries are being subject to immense political as well as economic processes of transformation. These processes serve to erode and fragment countries and reduce the power of political leaders. In circumstances such as these ones, countries are becoming gradually more the ‘decision- takers’ rather than the ‘decision-makers’ (D’Anieri, 2011). The sceptical: those with this viewpoint strongly oppose the perspective of hyperglobalists and maintain that present-day global circumstances are not unprecedented. According to them, although there has been an increase in social and international activity in the past few years, this has served to reinforce and enhance the powers of state in a number of domains (D’Anieri, 2011). Transformationalists: those who have this view maintain that globalization is producing novel economic, political as well as social situations that are actually altering powers of the state and the context wherein countries operate. Transformationalists do not try to envisage the outcome (Popa, 2014). They maintain that it is uncertain – but assert that politics is not just rooted in nation-states.
Globalization
Globalization can suitably be seen as a process which exemplifies a change in the spatial organization of social transactions as well as relations, resulting in interregional or transcontinental flows and networks of activities, interaction as well as power (Kilic, 2015). Globalization is typified by the following: integration of international/global economic decision-making, integration of international economic decision-making, exponential growth in global fiscal transactions, increases in global Non-Governmental Organizations and Activities (NGOs), and strengthened political International Governmental Organizations (IGOs) (Goldstein & Pevehouse, 2006).
Furthermore, globalization is typified by 4 kinds of change: (i) globalization entails a stretching of economic, political and social activities across political regions, frontiers, and countries. (ii) Globalization involves the intensification of interconnectedness as well as flows of migration, finance, investment, and trade. (iii) The increasing intensity and extensity of international interconnectedness could be associated with an increase of international processes and interactions, as the development of global communication and transport systems increases the rate of the dissemination of information, capital, people, goods and ideas (Goldstein & Pevehouse, 2006). (iv) The rising intensity, extensity and rate of international interactions can be linked to their increasing impact such that the effects of distant occurrences could be very considerable in other places. In fact, the most local events and occurrences could have considerable international implications. As such, the boundaries between international affairs and domestic matters can become more and more blurred. On the whole, globalization could be described as the broadening, increasing, accelerating and rising impact of international interconnectedness (Nederveen & Dasgupta, 2009). When globalization is thought of in this manner, then patterns of international relations and connections could be empirically mapped in all major domains of human activity.
Principal actors in international system
In the international system, the key actors include country government, international organizations, non-government organizations, multinational enterprises, inter-governmental organizations, and transnational corporations.
State Actors
On the modern world stage, the state is certainly one of the oldest and universally recognized actors. A State refers to a political unit which has sovereignty over a territory and the citizens in that territory (Gaur, 2015). Examples of states include sovereign country governments such as Italy, Canada, USA, UK, and Egypt among other countries.
Intergovernmental Organizations
Even as States are still the leading and main actors on the global stage, other important actors also exist such as intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). These are created by states, often through a treaty. The common IGOs are International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, International Criminal Police Organizations, and the World Bank Group. IGOs mainly do not have a way of enforcing state compliance with their decisions, perhaps except with the assistance of powerful nations (Kegley Jr. & Wittkopf, 2004).
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
Not every actor on the world’s stage has governmental roles. NGOs are essentially not-for-profit voluntary organizations which support public good or pursue it. These organizations are by and large involved in such things as economic development, issues pertaining to human rights, social welfare, as well as humanitarian assistance. Common non-governmental organizations are Greenpeace, the Amnesty International, Oxfam, and the Red Cross (Nederveen, & Dasgupta, 2009).
Multinational Enterprises
The other significant grouping of actors comprises multinational enterprises (MNEs). These are for-profit organizations with presence in more than 1 country. It is notable that some multinational enterprises such as Sony, General Electric, General Motors, and Wal-mart have very large amounts of monetary resources that equal or exceed the resources of smaller nations like Burundi, Fiji and Somalia. It is notable that an MNE’s interests do not essentially coincide with those of the countries wherein they do business, or even the MNE’s home country (Seitan, 2014).
Sub-state actors or domestic actors
These comprise groups of persons who have the same interests not beyond the countries which can affect the foreign policy of the State. Examples include tobacco sector and automobile sector in USA. These sectors, in essence, have interests in the country’s foreign fiscal policy so that they may sell automobiles or cigarette products overseas and decrease importations of competing products produced overseas. They can influence the decisions made with regard to their country’s laws with the aim of protecting the rights of workers (Antonelli, & Fassio, 2016).
Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
These are organizations whose members comprise at least 3 countries. These organizations are formed by countries to resolve common problems that give them authority of making collective decisions to deal with various problems and issues on the international agenda (Francioni, Musso & Vardiabasis, 2013). In IGOs, the representatives of country governments assemble to talk about issues which are of shared interests to member countries. There are 2 major kinds of Intergovernmental Organizations: the global Intergovernmental Organizations and the regional Intergovernmental Organizations. Global Intergovernmental Organizations are organizations with universal or nearly universal membership; this means that each country is a member such as the International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and the United Nations. Regional Intergovernmental Organizations are essentially a subset of countries as members basing upon a certain interest or region, for instance the European Union and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (Kegley Jr. & Wittkopf, 2004).
There are several reasons that cause countries to create or join Intergovernmental Organization. As per liberal institutionalism, states form Intergovernmental Organizations since it is in their best interest to form. With Intergovernmental Organizations, some problems or issues could be resolved easily and cheaper than without them. In particular, liberal institutionalism is focused on collective problems, for instance the security dilemma, the appeal to execute competitive tariffs, as well as the difficulty in agreeing to protect the environment (Art & Jervis, 2011).
Countries should correspond with one another and oversee other countries in order to ensure that they are actually sticking to their commitments to acknowledge many of the problems. For instance, in the case of free trade, the World Trade Organization was created to coordinate the negotiation of tariffs and offer a mechanism for dispute resolution. Some of these tasks may be more complex and costly to implement without the Intergovernmental Organizations (Taylor et al., 2014). There are times in which Intergovernmental Organizations are not only formed to resolve problems but also to offer a platform for discussing crucial issues (Art & Jervis, 2011). The United Nations General Assembly has no predetermined agenda but offers a forum for countries to talk about and debate matters that come up. Likewise, one of the goals of the World Trade Organization is to organize meetings at which countries would negotiate to resolve major issues (Goldstein & Pevehouse, 2006).
Common Intergovernmental organizations and their functions
The United Nations: This is in charge of maintaining international peace and security. It also develops friendly relations amongst countries. It also seeks to accomplish international cooperation in resolving global problems. Furthermore, it functions as a center for harmonizing the actions of states. World Trade Organization: this organization manages disputes that arise from trading partners. It also monitors trade in agriculture and manufacture commodities. ASEAN: this organization promotes regional economic, social and culture cooperation amongst the nations situated in the Southeast Asia region (Vadlamannati, 2015). NATO: this organization is a system of joint defense in which the member countries agree to collective defense in response to a military attack by a country that is not a NATO member state.
Transnational Actors
These are actors which function below the state level. However, they function across the state borders. The 2 sorts of transnational actors include nongovernmental organizations and multinational/transnational corporations. Multinational/Transnational Corporations: Multinational corporations are firms which have headquarters in one country but do business extensively in other countries. Such companies are based in one country but have divisions that operate in other nations (Goldstein & Pevehouse, 2006). Put simply, such a firm is a big organization operating globally in different nations at the same time, with fixed facilities and staff members in state.
Types of multinational companies
Industrial corporations manufacture their products in production facilities in different states and sell them to businesses and clients located in different states. The biggest multinational companies operate in the automobile, oil and electronic industries. Virtually every multinational corporation has its headquarters in the Group of Seven countries. Examples of these firms include Sony, Honda, Toyota, BP, BMW, General Motors, Wal-Mart, Total and Apple. Financial institutions like banks: these do business globally but have more restrictions compared to industrial corporations (Mehrabanfar, 2015). Examples include international airlines like Asiana Airlines, Virgin Atlantic; Hilton Hotels & Resorts and Sheraton; and services like McDonald’s fast-food chain.
Multinational corporations are becoming more and more powerful as autonomous actors. A lot of the industrial multinational corporations, Wal-Mart for instance, have yearly revenues of tens of billions of dollars annually. Multinational corporations can match most global companies in monetary resources as well as size. The biggest intergovernmental organizations, which is the United Nations, has an estimated two billion dollars annual revenue, which is really small in comparison to over 250 billion dollars for the largest multinational corporations. The biggest country economically, USA, has government revenues of over $2 trillion annually. This clearly demonstrates that the power of multinational corporations does not rival the biggest countries but in fact surpasses a lot of poorer countries (Francioni, Musso & Vardiabasis, 2013). Multinational corporations are viewed as citizens of the world and they are beholden to not any government. Head of Dow Chemicals Company once envisioned to purchase an island to construct the company’s head office. In such view, multinational corporations act internationally in the interests of their global stockholders. In actual fact, they do not owe loyalty to any country. Multinational corporations are motivated by the need to maximize profitability (Nederveen, & Dasgupta, 2009).
The operations of multinational corporations support an international business infrastructure linking a global community of businesspersons. For instance, an American manager who arrives in Tokyo Japan does not find a confusing and puzzling scene of strange customs, locations, as well as languages. Instead, this manager would be able to move through a known series of faxes and telephone calls, multinational hotels, airport lounges, business conference facilities, and international news broadcasts – most likely hearing the English language spoken in all of these (Mehrabanfar, 2015). Moreover, multinational corporations contribute to the development of their host country. As transnational companies operate in other countries, they create job opportunities for the locals in that country and in so doing help to stabilize the economy in that particular country.
Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)
In the contemporary world, a lot of people find that by joining nongovernmental organizations, they may be able take part in the global system and lobby to influence international organizations. Most have joined as members of one or more nongovernmental organizations, which have roughly 30,000 members worldwide. Nongovernmental organizations are private global actors whose members are not countries, but rather volunteers from populations of 2 or more countries that have formed organizations to foster their common interests and ideals for the purpose of influencing the policies of intergovernmental organizations and country governments. Nongovernmental organizations handle many international issues and seek changes in the world for various causes like human rights, environmental protection and disarmament, among others (Nederveen & Dasgupta, 2009). Many nongovernmental organizations pursue objectives that are very much respected and positive, hence do not result in any controversies or a lot of resistance.
NGOs interact with multinational companies, nation-states, and sub-state actors, plus other NGOs. NGOs are increasingly becoming recognized in the UN and other forums, as real actors together with countries but are not equal to them. Some of the groups have a political purpose, some a humanitarian purpose, while others have an economic purpose. There are times in which nongovernmental organizations mix efforts by means of transnational advocacy networks (Antonelli & Fassio, 2016). By joining nongovernmental organizations, a lot of people learn that they may take part in the global system and lobby to influence multinational organizations.
Examples of nongovernmental organizations
A nongovernmental organization that particularly fights for human rights is the Amnesty International; a global movement of individuals campaigning for globally acknowledged human rights for everyone. They carry out research and generate actions aimed at preventing or ending serious human rights abuses and demanding justice for people whose human rights have been infringed. The main issues which have been campaigned include freedom of the press, welfare of children, protection of civilians during armed conflicts, rights of women, disability rights, rights of people with AIDS, human impact of pollution and environmental degradation among others (Goldstein & Pevehouse, 2006). The other sort of nongovernmental organizations is the religious movement. They are a politically active organization rooted in strong religious beliefs. Even though religious movements had a powerful influence in politics in the past decades for instance being able to cause a war between communities with different religious beliefs, religious movements these days are in fact peace makers between conflicting countries.
Political Groups that Advocate Violence: Terrorists
Political factions which support violence or terrorism may really not refer to themselves nongovernmental organizations, but they operate in more or less the same fashion which is by interacting with countries and with relevant populations or institutions by means of violence and terrorist attacks. These groups have great power. They influence the international relations between different countries. One group that is currently active is the Islamic State group.
International Criminal Groups
These actors are that are seen as transnational actors but they act in an illicit fashion. Most of these them have a great capacity of monetary resources which gives them the ability to influence the policies of the state (Goldstein & Pevehouse, 2006). Some international criminal groups can even threaten the security of the country. They are mainly operated secretly making it not easy for the authorities and the police to find them. These groups are largely involved in various crimes including human trafficking, drugs, prostitution, as well as firearms. Examples of international criminal groups include the Sicilian Mafia in Italy, Yakuza in Japan, and also Triads in Taiwan, Macau, and Hong Kong, Macau (Art & Jervis, 2011).
Impacts of Globalization
There are several effects that emerge from globalization which impacts different economies of the world. The production of goods and services is affected by different elements of globalization. This has also seen the development of different approaches of production such as capital and other inputs and labor that are primarily dependent on the levels of globalization. Additionally, competitiveness as seen in producing a good or service has resulted in the diffusion of technology that has resulted in the initiation of nations to other developed cities (Gaur, 2015). Having considered this, globalization is therefore ascribed as the force behind the efficiencies that have been experienced in affecting investment opportunities of different organizations within different nations and markets.
Investments are known to play a central role in technological transfer, formation of global investment and in industrial restructuring which have an effect in the national level (Luković, 2015). New technological advancements in different economies additionally remain an essential factor in globalization that stimulate competition and enhances the diffusion of nations through foreign direct investments.
Perception in world politics
Facts do not speak for themselves. Facts are organized by concepts, structured by theories, interpreted by worldviews and assessed in the light of individual and subjective value systems. Realism: this view depicts the world’s political system as a disordered chaotic struggle for security and power amongst competing nation-states. There is no higher authority besides these countries (Verma & Singh, 2010). As such, countries individually, or alongside other countries, provide for their own defense. In essence, the only effectual way of assuring security is power. Idealism-Liberal Internationalism: this view maintains that there is reason to believe that the leading global role of countries may in fact be declining (Art & Jervis, 2011). Therefore, the world should be described not just in terms of country interactions, but also in terms of growing community.
Conclusion
In conclusion, even though countries remain as the most significant actors in the global system in today’s world, non-state actors have a growing power and influence in globalization. One of the biggest multinational enterprises has annual revenues which actually exceed some of the gross domestic product of poorer countries and this demonstrates their growing influences. As the world keeps globalizing, it would really not be easy to different between multinationals, states and other actors in a period of collapsing states and reemerging countries.
References
Antonelli, C., & Fassio, C. (2016). Globalization and the Knowledge-Driven Economy. Economic Development Quarterly, 30(1), 3-14. doi:10.1177/0891242415617239
Art, R. J., & Jervis, R. (2011). International Politics: Enduring Concepts and Contemporary Issues (10th ed.). New York: Pearson Education.
Bourguignon, F. (2016). Inequality and Globalization. Foreign Affairs, 95(1), 11-15.
D’Anieri, P. (2011). International Politics: Power and Purpose in Global Affairs (Brief ed.). Stamford, United States of America: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.
Francioni, B., Musso, F., & Vardiabasis, D. (2013). Key decisions and changes in internationalization strategies: The case of smaller firms. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 21(3), 240-259. doi:10.1080/0965254X.2013.790466
Gaur, A. (2015). Impact of Globalization on Trade and Employment. International Journal Of Multidisciplinary Approach & Studies, 2(5), 110-113.
Goldstein, J. S., & Pevehouse, J. C. (2006). International Relations (7th ed.). New York, United States of America: Pearson Education.
Kegley Jr., C. W., & Wittkopf, E. R. (2004). World Politics : Trend & Transformation (9th ed.). Belmont, United States of America: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning.
Kilic, C. (2015). Effects of Globalization on Economic Growth: Panel Data Analysis for Developing Countries. Economic Insights – Trends & Challenges, 67(1), 1-11.
Mehrabanfar, E. (2015). Globalization Streams in Futures Studies. Informatica Economica, 19(3), 96-106. doi:10.12948/issn14531305/19.3.2015.09
Nederveen P. J., & Dasgupta, S. (2009). Politics of Globalization. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications India Pvt., Ltd.
Popa, F. (2014). The Inference of Globalization from the Regionalization Process. Economics, Management & Financial Markets, 9(4), 486-493.
Rourke, J. T., & Boyer, M. A. (2000). World Politics: International Politics on the World Stage, Brief (3rd ed.). New York, United States of America: Dushkin/McGraw-Hill.
Seitan, S. (2014). Problems of the Impact which Globalization Has on the Macroeconomic Balance. Economic Insights – Trends & Challenges, 66(3), 49-57.
Taylor, P. J., Hoyler, M., Pain, K., & Vinciguerra, S. (2014). Extensive and Intensive Globalizations: Explicating the Low Connectivity Puzzle Of U.S. Cities Using A City-Dyad Analysis. Journal of Urban Affairs, 36(5), 876-890. doi:10.1111/juaf.12077
Vadlamannati, K. C. (2015). Rewards of (Dis) Integration: Economic, Social, and Political Globalization and Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining Rights of Workers in Developing Countries. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 68(1), 3-27. doi:10.1177/0019793914555851
Verma, S., & Singh, P. (2010). Organizing and Managing in the Era of Globalization. New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India Pvt., Ltd.
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in the above-mentioned order number, the writer completed an executive summary with a potential topic. the writer will then use that information this week to complete the 10-page paper minimum. The writer will strictly follow the instruction listed here below to complete the paper. the writer will carefully read the requirement and will respond to the questions accordingly. The references cannot be less than 20 and the entire paper must be in APA format as indicated here below. All subheadings and heading must clearly be indicated as in APA. It is critical that the writer thoroughly addresses each question raise in the order form.
Write a 10-page paper minimum that addresses relevant theories and empirical research leading to a significant research topic, problem, and question. Approach your topic providing an academic argument for funding that might support a vital new step in program and portfolio management. You do not have to actually design a study to the point of specifying research measures of effective program and portfolio management or specify samples, but try to evolve your thinking to the point of framing a relevant research topic, problem, and question on which your proposed research would be focused. (EFFECTS OF HRM PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE)
This question should be complete enough to suggest the development of an important theory, address a gap in a current model, or demonstrate an immediate application for solving common organizational problems. Rather than attempting to include as many references as possible, try to emphasize the logical coherence of your evidence of conceptual foundations. Build an academic argument explaining why your research problem and question are important. An obvious extension of your paper would be to use it as a springboard for a doctoral proposal. Your paper also could be useful in developing Chapter 2 of your proposal and doctoral study completion.
Your Final Paper should adhere to APA format (6th edition), which requires a title page, a reference list, and appropriate sections and their headings, and should include the following elements:
• A thorough review of the literature (minimum of 20 resources, with 85% being five or fewer years old) that shows evidence of a potential research opportunity or gap that has not been discussed in the academic literature
• A draft problem statement. Include the four parts of the draft problem statement of the Doctoral Study rubric indicated below:
The four parts of the problem statement are:
• Hook (with a peer reviewed citation that is five or less years old)
• Anchor (includes a number supported with a peer-reviewed citation that is five or fewer years old)
• The general business problem
• The specific business problem to be researched
• At least one broad research question that is demonstrably linked to your problem statement
You do not need to address any hypotheses or design considerations.
Extensive Research on Success of an Organisation Sample Answer
Abstract
The success of an organization remains the ultimate goal of every project. Extensive research studies have been developed with the aim of establishing the key factors that are essential in determining project success and failure (Allen, Alleyne, Farmer, McRae, & Turner, 2014). This, therefore, gives an empirical understanding that the project management process remains a complex element that requires extensive and collective attention of several aspects of human, technical and budgetary variables.
Additionally, projects hold specialized critical success factors that if carefully addressed, improves the likelihood of successful implementation. In order to determine the success factors of a project, it is first essential to determine that success can be defined as meeting the developed expectations of an organization and its stakeholders in order to achieve the projects intended purpose. This can, therefore, be achieved by considering the outcomes of the project and determining the deliverables of the project.
This paper therefore seeks to develop a research topic that identifies the factors that may lead to the success or failure of a project (Allen, ert.al .2014). Considering the fact that it is a conceptual paper, a framework that identifies the factors that drive success within a project will be reviewed. This framework will therefore be tested empirically through the use of data from several industries.
Introduction
The use of project management approaches has over time raised to prominence, a factor that has seen projects viewed as critical to the economic growth or several industries. The rationale behind the rise of project management is typically attributed to the changes that occur due to new challenging environments and opportunities that are brought by technological developments, the dynamic market conditions, the shifting boundaries of knowledge, changes in environmental regulations, increase in customer involvement and the increase in scope of the inter organizational relationships (Besteiro, Souza, & Novaski, 2015).
As determined, it is therefore crucial to determine that the emerging importance of projects and the widespread initiation of projects within organizations in multiple sectors remains the key driving force in a research that seeks to determine the factors that influence the success of a project (Todorović, Mitrović, & Bjelica, 2013). This therefore makes it essential to determine the factors that contribute to the success or failure in the implementation of a project and to identify the elements that remain relative in the life cycle of a project.
This thesis therefore takes an in-depth study in determining the factors that cause project failures and successes and the manner in which these elements may be controlled.This research study is therefore conducted not only to add information to the already existing information but to provide some insights of the criteria for a projects success and failure including the variable’s that are involved with the aim of aiding organizations in effectively planning for projects (Cao Hao, & Swierczek, 2010).
Problem Statement
The incorporation of project management within the functions of an organization has immensely grown with projects today viewed as an essential in the growth of an organization and the development of an economy (Cao Hao, & Swierczek, 2010). The rationale behind this expansion is therefore attributed to the fact that project-based work have taken a rise due to the challenging environmental factors and opportunities that have wrought out of technological developments, changes in environmental regulations, dynamic market conditions, and the shifting boundaries of knowledge. Additionally, the drive and focus towards the development of products with shorter termed life cycles, increased complexity of inter organizational relationships, and an increased involvement of the customers are also factors that are essential in the growth of projects.
Several businesses are today operating in an environment that is filled with uncertainty. The implementation of projects therefore remains open to different external variables such as the ever growing necessities, unexpected events, fluctuating resource flows and unexpected events. This clearly depicts the fact that if proper measures are not incorporated in the implementation of projects, the chances of these projects failures are high (Cao Hao, & Swierczek, 2010). According to sources from the Standish Group in the United States of America which is a known market research firm, only 15% of projects developed by large companies are likely to succeed. The major problems that result in these failures is attributed to different challenges poised by project management such as the lack of adequate project management skills, high staff turnovers, poorly defined objectives, poor follow-up approaches, limited resources and insufficient authority for project managers.
Considering the emerging factors in relation to project management, it is therefore essential to note that the use of projects within different organizations remains the driving force as to why this study seeks to establish factors that have the capacity to influence the success of projects and the rationale behind its failures. As projects are today widely used within different industries it is crucial to determine the key factors that may lead to their successes in order to successfully implement these elements on projects (Cecez-Kecmanovic, Kautz, & Abrahall, 2014). These factors are therefore supported by different empirical studies that are conducted by different authors who seek to determine the approaches involved in the development of successful projects. This research study will therefore be conducted to answer the following four parts of the problem statement that include:
What are the key factors that contribute to the success and failure of a project in the manufacturing sector?
What are some of the criteria’s that can be utilized in measuring the success or failure of a project within the manufacturing industry?
What are the appropriate measures that can be employed in achieving the success of a project?
What approaches need to be considered in order to implement a project in the functions of an organization?
Literature Review
Project Management
Projects are a vital element in the development and growth of an organization and economy. The significance of projects in developing the functions of an organization is an element that cannot be overemphasized as demonstrated in several literatures that give an explanation of the success factors and failures of organization in managing projects. In as much as projects are considered to be important, their implementation may turn out to be challenging (Cerpa, & Verner, 2009). According to the views of various researchers, project management is viewed as an approach developed with the aim of preventing failures in projects (p.130). Other organizations have also developed checklists aimed at preventing their organizations from facing the challenges of failure. However, it is essential to note that irrespective of these management awareness’s d and checklists developed, some project have still hit the failure mark.
As stated by Fabricius, & Büttgen (2015), all projects are surrounded by inherent risk factors, a factor that clearly indicates that the knowledge of these risk factors plays an integral role in the achievement of success and in the mitigation of failure.Fabricius& Büttgen also allude to the fact that projects are in many instances developed in three stages that include the approval phase, execution and evaluation stages (pp.239). The failure exerted in managing one of these stages poorly is therefore likely to turn out into the failure of a project.
The success or failure of a project can be viewed as a multi-dimensional element is likely to be impacted by several factors. Some projects are prone to failures especially when they fail in the implementation phases of project management practices that include the prospects of scope creep, cost overrun, delays in schedules and procurement practices (Hwang, & Lim, 2013). It is however essential to determine that despite the failures in this areas, a project may still be successful as viewed by its users. An instance of this is depicted in Wembleys Stadium that has over time experienced challenges in terms of project management and procurement approaches and is still considered as a successful and well developed stadium by the users, a factor that has seen the stadium play host to work class sporting activities and events.
Projects are in many instances developed to meet the objectives of the stakeholders. These objectives are known to define the approaches of the projects success, with the projects that fail to meet this objective considered as failure (Oellgaard, 2013). This therefore brings on board the element of effective communication within an organization that provides the stakeholders with the opportunity to clarify the objectives of the project to the project managers.
According to Oellgaard (2013) a projects can be categorized by certain elements such as their objectivities as defined by their results, productivity of output, complexity that incorporates several related activities that are interlinked with different tasks among other factors. According to this author, some of the essential functions of project management that need to be considered include the identification of work requirements, the allocation of resources, planning on how to execute the project, and monitoring progress of the project’s functions to determine some of the areas that need to be improved (pp.91).
Project Success
In order to determine the success factors of a project, it is first essential to determine that success can be defined as meeting the developed expectations of an organization and its stakeholders in order to achieve the projects intended purpose. This can therefore be achieved by considering the outcomes of the project and determining the deliverables of the project. However, Shahu, Pundir, & Ganapathy ( 2012)takes a different stance in this by alleging that the success of a project can be determined by its ability to meet the budget and time, a factor that may be considered as rational considering the fact that this may not be applied in all the contexts. On the other hand, Stanciu, & Tinca (2013), alleges that project success can be determined in an case where the managers are in a position to consider the benefits of that a project may achieve in terms of resources, complexities and competencies within the parameters of the project.
Measuring Project Success
In measuring the success factors of a project, it is essential to consider the Golden Triangle and Iron Triangle methods that have traditionally been used in measuring the success factors of a project. The Golden Triangle in this case infers to an approach that considers some basic factors such as the costs related, time taken in completing a project and the quality of the products (Stanciu, & Tinca, 2013). A project will according to this approach be considered as successful when it is completed within the cost, time and quality parameters defined by an organization. It is however essential to mention that this approach has received several critics that consider it inadequate in effectively pointing at the key success factors of a project considering the fact that the opinions of customers remains minimal and that there are no long-term follow up approaches developed.
Other research inquiries in line with this approach have resorted to approaches of trying to determine appropriate approaches that would be used in determining the success of a project (Joslin, & Müller, 2015). Some studies have taken approaches aimed at including the perceptions of clients, a factor that is gaining popularity in the market today considering that the element of Total Quality Management (TQM) has evolved to consider the satisfaction of customers as one of the essential factors in measuring the performance of a project.
According to Milunovic, & Filipovic (2013), there are five approaches that can be used in measuring the success factors of an organization. These approaches therefore include the projects ability to meet time, budget quality, achieve customers’ acceptance and allowing their contactors to utilize the end products for reference (Stanciu, & Tinca, 2013). However, it is significant to note that there are three other additional success factors that can be used in measuring the success of a project such as information systems, validity and reliability of a project including the quality of information utilized and the benefits of this that can be measured on the basis of efficiency, increase in profits, effectiveness, and organizational learning of a project as perceived by the stakeholders (Todorović, Mitrović, & Bjelica, 2013). It is therefore essential to note that a disciplined approach aimed at measuring the success factors of project management has not changed for quite a long period of time.
However, in meeting the modernized approach of determine effective success criteria’s, the inclusion of the Square Route approach as compared to the traditional methods remains an essential element that research studies have established as important. The challenge presented in the inclusion of the Square Route approach is in relation to the qualitative objectives achieved in this approach as compared to the quantitative (Todorović, et.al. 2013). These are therefore the benefits that organizations achieve in the implementation of this approaches in their projects with these benefits perceived in different perspectives that include the organizations view and the stakeholder’s views.
On the other hand, it is important to establish that through an Earned Value (EV) which infers to a managerial tool used in communicating and tracking the status of a project, the management of an organization will be in a position to determine the state of a project by ensuring that a comparison is done between the project and the plan developed to meet its requirements. According to different literatures, the earned value management (EV) can be determined as an approach that is used in measuring and communicating the specific state and progress of a project by ensuring that several factors such as the work completed, the costs incurred and the duration of the project are taken into consideration(Turner, & Zolin, 2012). The established sum of the approved costs and estimates are therefore recorded during a specified period. In knowing the performance of a project, an organization remains in a position to take the necessary actions required in ensuring that the project meets the laid down framework in regards to costs and time.
The success of a project needs to be therefore considered as an essential element that integrates the short and the long term implications into the functions of organization. The essence of each and every dimension is considered as essential during different phases of a project (Turner, & Zolin, 2012). Through an efficient dimension, an organization is in a position to measure the deviations from the actual plans of the organization and determine the appropriate measures that can be employed in ensuring the progress of the project.
Once the project is complete, organizations need to also consider the second dimension that ensures that the project had an impact in meeting the needs of the customers. This therefore determines the fact that the satisfaction of customers remains an essential element in determining the success of a project(Turner, & Zolin, 2012). The third element takes in to consideration the businesses direct success that are aimed at establishing if a project has achieved an established a market share.
Project Failure
Failure according to the Oxford Dictionary is described as the lack of achievement in performing a task or rather termed as non-performance. Project failure therefore remains one of the unpleasant elements that costs company huge amounts that results in losses. Researches are conducted on this area to determine the causes of a projects failure have revealed that this results from internal inefficiencies and external ineffectiveness(Walczak, & Kuchta, 2013). These studies have therefore stated that a projects failure remains a vague element that evokes several losses within an organization when the projects fail to meet the expectations of the organization and its stakeholders.
The effects of a failure in the implementation of a project therefore causes time overruns, the degradation of an organizations quality, stresses, frustrations and losses, a factor that may force some people to quit (Walczak, & Kuchta, 2013). An intense failure may also result in negative publicity and at times the closure of an organization. Some of the factors that have been noted to result in project failures include an organizations inability to change its management that leads to no proper approaches in handling projects.
Communication is also another element that can be attributed to the failure of an organization. In communication, delays are likely to be experiences considering the fact that the team members lack the required information needed to handle projects. On the other hand, it is also significant to note that inadequate resources are also another factor that may result in the failure of an organization (Wells, 2012). Inadequate resources may therefore lead to unmet deadlines and the lack of achievement in the goals of the organization, a factor that sees the completion of projects and the dates specified jeopardized.
Implementation of Successful Projects
Considering the fact that projects are a vital element in the development and growth of an organization and economy there is a need of incorporating appropriate elements in implementation. The significance of projects in developing the functions of an organization is an element that cannot be overemphasized as demonstrated in several literatures that give an explanation of the success factors and failures of organization in managing projects (Yong Qiang, Yang Bing, Jun Ying, & Peng, 2012). It is therefore essential to consider the fact that an organizations management team develops a set of missions and visions of the organizations that are aligned to the organizations functions. Additionally, the management needs to ensure that this visons and missions are communicated effectively within the organization and roles defined for each and every team.
An organization also needs to ensure that resources are directed towards the achievement of an organizations vision and mission(Yong Qiang, et.al. 2012). This would also see to it that the human resources are also trained to meet the demands of the market. Incorporation of reward systems aimed at motivating the employees is also another factor that organization’s need to invest in to spur growth.
Extensive Research on Success of an Organisation Conclusion
As discovered in this study, it is essential to establish that the use of project management approaches has over time raised to prominence, a factor that has seen projects viewed as critical to the economic growth or several industries (Yong Qiang, et.al. 2012).. The rationale behind the rise of project management is typically attributed to the changes that occur due to new challenging environments and opportunities that are brought by technological developments, the dynamic market conditions, the shifting boundaries of knowledge, changes in environmental regulations, increase in customer involvement and the increase in scope of the inter organizational relationships.
This therefore determines that the incorporation of project management within the functions of an organization has immensely grown with projects today viewed as an essential in the growth of an organization and the development of an economy(Yong Qiang, et.al. 2012).. The rationale behind this expansion is therefore attributed to the fact that project-based work have taken a rise due to the challenging environmental factors and opportunities that have wrought out of technological developments, changes in environmental regulations, dynamic market conditions, and the shifting boundaries of knowledge.
The success or failure of a project can therefore be perceived as a multi-dimensional element is likely to be impacted by several factors. Some projects are prone to failures especially when they fail in the implementation phases of project management practices that include the prospects of scope creep, cost overrun, delays in schedules and procurement practices. In a nutshell, it is essential to determine that success can be defined as meeting the developed expectations of an organization and its stakeholders in order to achieve the projects intended purpose.
Extensive Research on Success of an Organisation References
Allen, M., Alleyne, D., Farmer, C., McRae, A., & Turner, C. (2014). A Framework for Project Success. Journal of Information Technology & Economic Development, 5(2), 1-17.
Besteiro, É. C., de Souza Pinto, J., & Novaski, O. (2015). Success Factors in Project Management. Business Management Dynamics, 4(9), 19-34.
Cao Hao, T., & Swierczek, F. W. (2010). Critical success factors in project management: implication from Vietnam. Asia Pacific Business Review, 16(4), 567-589. doi:10.1080/13602380903322957
Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., Kautz, K., & Abrahall, R. (2014). Reframing Success and Failure of Information Systems: A Performative Perspective. Mis Quarterly, 38(2), 561-588.
Cerpa, N., & Verner, J. M. (2009). Why Did Your Project Fail?. Communications Of The ACM, 52(12), 130-134. doi:10.1145/1610252.1610286
Fabricius, G., & Büttgen, M. (2015). Project managers’ overconfidence: how is risk reflected in anticipated project success?. Business Research, 8(2), 239-263. doi:10.1007/s40685-015-0022-3
Hwang, B., & Lim, E. J. (2013). Critical Success Factors for Key Project Players and Objectives: Case Study of Singapore. Journal Of Construction Engineering & Management, 139(2), 204-215. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000597
Hyväri, I. (2006). Success of Projects In Different Organizational Conditions. Project Management Journal, 37(4), 31-41.
Joslin, R., & Müller, R. (2015). Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts. International Journal Of Project Management, 33(6), 1377-1392. doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2015.03.005
Milunovic, S., & Filipovic, J. (2013). Methodology for quality management of projects in manufacturing industries. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 24(1/2), 91-107. doi:10.1080/14783363.2012.728851
Oellgaard, M. J. (2013). The Performance of a Project Life Cycle Methodology in Practice. Project Management Journal, 44(4), 65-83. doi:10.1002/pmj.21357
Shahu, R., Pundir, A., & Ganapathy, L. (2012). An Empirical Study on Flexibility: A Critical Success Factor of Construction Projects. Global Journal Of Flexible Systems Management, 13(3), 123-128. doi:10.1007/s40171-012-0014-5
Shore, B. (2008). Systematic biases and culture in project failures. Project Management Journal, 39(4), 5-16. doi:10.1002/pmj.20082
Stanciu, V., & Tinca, A. (2013). Erp Solutions between Success and Failure. Accounting & Management Information Systems / Contabilitate Si Informatica De Gestiune, 12(4), 626-649.
Todorović, M., Mitrović, Z., & Bjelica, D. (2013). Measuring Project Success in Project-Oriented Organizations. Management (1820-0222), (68), 41-48. doi:10.7595/management.fon.2013.0019
Todorović, M., Mitrović, Z., & Bjelica, D. (2014). Measuring Project Success in Project-Oriented Organizations. Management (1820-0222), (68), 41-48. doi:10.7595/management.fon.2013.0019
Turner, R., & Zolin, R. (2012). Forecasting Success on Large Projects: Developing Reliable Scales to Predict Multiple Perspectives by Multiple Stakeholders Over Multiple Time Frames. Project Management Journal, 43(5), 87-99. doi:10.1002/pmj.21289
Walczak, W., & Kuchta, D. (2013). Risks Characteristic Of Agile Project Management Methodologies And Responses To Them. Operations Research & Decisions, 23(4), 75-95. doi:10.5277/ord130406
Wells, H. (2012). How Effective Are Project Management Methodologies? An Explorative Evaluation of Their Benefits in Practice. Project Management Journal, 43(6), 43-58. doi:10.1002/pmj.21302
Yong Qiang, C., Yang Bing, Z., Jun Ying, L., & Peng, M. (2012). Interrelationships among Critical Success Factors of Construction Projects Based on the Structural Equation Model. Journal of Management in Engineering, 28(3), 243-251. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000104
Requested deadline Friday 2/12/16 must be at least 5 pages, which doesn’t include title & reference pages, using APA formatting. Each paragraph should contain at least 4 sentences and should not end with citied material ex. (Franklin, 2015.) Each paragraph MUST have supporting information from the reading assignment, for this assignment review weeks 3-5.
I am including the actual assignment from the course as well as the headings required, the chosen company is Wells Fargo. Please use the following to access South University’s as all information must be supported by the weekly lecture & text reading (located under the syllabus tab) as well as the school library. Lecture readings from weeks 4. INTERNET SOURCES ARE NOT ACCEPTED. Feel free to contact me at 334-201-0479 I have also included the grading criteria.
https://mycampus.southuniversity.edu/portal/server.pt
User Name – tiffany_shakepeare
Password – Pr@1seH1m
Once you have logged in successfully you have to click launch class and then click the academic resource tab to access the library. When you click the syllabus it will give you access to the weekly lectures & text readings.
Please remember ALL references must come from these areas.
Please see attached document for required headings. **Reminder each section must be supported by information from the assigned readings weeks 3-5.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
In order for an organization to achieve its objectives within a business environment, it is essential that some elements are considered. These elements include the manner in which the organization develops a culture of governance through leadership and how these leaders communicate within the organization (Feizabadi, Hamidi, Khatibzadeh, & Ghamati, 2011). This paper therefore aims at determining the manner in which leadership approaches are incorporated within the functions of Wells Fargo and the effectiveness of communication in achieving the organizations goals.
Communication Structure
According to week ones materials, communication is a very important aspect in organizations in leadership of teams. According to the course material, communication is ascribed as the process through which information is exchanged and understood by two parties or more with the intention of influencing or motivating a behavior (Schmitz, 2016). In order to improve the element of communication within a workplace, it is essential for the managers to be aware of the elements that influence the manner in which people communicate.
Managers therefore have the sole responsibility of gathering information from both the inside and outside of an organization and dispense this information within the organization. The manager’s approach therefore seeks to divert the attention of the entire organization towards the values, vision and the desired goals of the organization with the aim of influencing the employees to act in a manner that ensures they achieve their goals (Schmitz, 2016). In this, it is therefore essential to determine that the managers remain the main facilitators of strategic conversations through the inclusion of open communication that actively listens to the views of others, asks relevant questions and provides feedback to learning and change.
This is the case at Wells Fargo where there is a communication structure put in place. Wells Fargo has employed a decentralized approach to communication that allows the workforce to freely communicate with other team members with the aim of meeting a goal (Schmitz, 2016). This approach therefore allows the members to process information amongst themselves until they reach a consensus and is considered an effective approach especially in work environments where work mates needs free flow of communication within each department.
According to the class notes provided on week four, Schmitz (2016) supports the fact that in organizations where the communication network is not centralized, employees have the free will of passing information at ease. However, with the decentralized communication approach as depicted in the case of Wells Fargo, all the employees are involved in the process of communication, a factor that sees the organization arrive at a mutual decision that binds all of the work teams. Wells Fargo therefore incorporates other communicational channels such as the inclusion of short messages, face-to-face communication and phone conversations among other channels. This has enabled the company be achieve its organizational goals irrespective of the fact that there are barriers and hindrances to communication within the organization.
Influence of Culture
It is essential to determine that cultural values are a vital element within an organization and are blended with the company’s environment, goals and strategy. According to the notes, the right fit between an organizations culture, strategy and the environment are associated with different cultures (Schmitz, 2016). In this case, it is essential to determine the fact that culture determines the personality of an organization and is comprised of the values, beliefs, norms, assumptions and tangible signs of an organization members including their behaviors.
Wells Fargo therefore believes in a culture of developing caring mindsets to life whether the company interacts directly with the clients or works with them behind the scenes. This culture has therefore influenced the manner in which the employees carry out their functions, a factor that has seen the organization meet its goals (Schmitz, 2016). Culture additionally shapes the manner in which employees relate and communicate with each other within the work environment with this enhancing the skills of the employees.
Barriers to Communication
Sources from the class noted depict that there are several barriers to communication a factor that is prevalent at Wells Fargo and other organizations. Ignorance from some members of the workforce has been one of the barriers to communication that has seen the organization largish behind in the achievement of its goals (Pozin, 2012). Employees within this organization are in disposal of valuable information that can improve the productivity of the entity but fail to share such information.
Language barrier is additionally another barrier to communication in this company. Considering the fact that the workforce in this company are of different cultural backgrounds, the element of communication tends to become a challenge to them, a factor that decreases the productivity of the company (Pozin, 2012). The class notes delivered in Week 4 clarifies that Managers need to develop an environment that enhances the element of communication. This has seen Wells Fargo develop an open bounder less approach to communication with the aim of breaking the barriers that stand on communication.
Methods to Overcome Barriers
The fact that there are barriers to passing information does not mean that it is over for an organization. The leadership in Wells Fargo should ensure that all barriers to proper communication are managed efficiently (Pozin, 2012). An instance of this can be seen through the inclusion of symbols to ensure that the element of language barrier is dealt with effectively. Training of employees is another approach of ensuring that some of these barriers are dealt with successfully. Training the employees on the importance of attaching value to any obtained information would be very useful in doing away with a barrier to communication such as ignorance. With this, all information passed among the workforce will be received with seriousness thus fostering effective communication.
For the purpose of overcoming communication barriers, the leaders should select appropriate communication channels to incorporate within the functions of an organization. The selection of a communication channel can be done through an analysis of the advantages and disadvantages associated with each communication channel. Schmitz (2016) states that there are both the positive and negative aspects of each method selected in passing information. Additionally, the leaders should grow a strong understanding of givers and takers in the organization. In one study, Grant determined that the single biggest predictor of a team’s effectiveness was the amount of help and support that members gave to one another’.
Leadership Style Analysis
At Wells Fargo, servant leadership exists. This is a type of leadership where the workforce feels the leader is not all about him, but focuses on the interests of the employees. According to the materials offered in week one, the element of servant leadership operates in two dimensions. The first entails the fulfilment of the goals of the subordinates and their needs with the aim of meeting the larger purpose of an organization. Secondly, servant leaders are the givers of power, recognition, ideas, information and credit for the accomplishment of goals and objectives. The servant leadership approach in Wells Fargo has been brought about by the leaders who value team work (Pozin, 2012). This has been useful in fostering a positive response from the workforce. The servant leaders in wells Fargo believe that the workforce has to benefit from other aspects apart from remuneration.
Types of Leaders within the Organization
Different organizations apply different leadership styles in achieving their organizational goals. In Wells Fargo, it is significant to note that there are different leadership styles employed. Many of the leaders within this organization are considered as servant leaders who work for two primary reasons that include fulfilling their subordinate’s goals and achieving the bigger picture of an organizations purpose (Pozin, 2012). Servant leaders are known to give things away such as information, power, ideas, and so on.
Additionally, at Wells Fargo, there are authentic leaders as well who are known as people have an understanding of their selves and who act in consistence with ethical values within an organization. On the other hand, these leaders’ also have the capacity to inspire others with their authenticity and openness with this inspiring commitment, trust, and respect in organizations (Pozin, 2012). It is worth noting that the authentic leaders end up motivating the workforce through their openness. The servant leaders end up motivating the workforce through showing that it is good to work as a team. Authentic leadership is known to bring about trust and commitment in a company.
Level of Trust within the Organization
Wells Fargo has been able to witness commendable positive strides in terms of trust. The presence of the authentic leaders has been able to develop such trust. This has led to more commitment from the workforce. With such trust, the flow of communication has been effective, something that has contributed positively to the operations of Wells Fargo (Grant, 2013). The human resource management in the organization has also assisted in the high level of trust in the organization. This has been through the management of talent in the organization. This has been an important thing since the human resource management has led to a high level of competitive success of the company.
Recommendations for Improvement
All organizations are supposed to ensure that they improve in communication and leadership. Wells Fargo needs to broaden the scope of its communication structure. Any weaknesses should be done away with to allow efficiency to grow in the communication structure. The leaders should ensure that all communication channels are made better and efficient. Regarding language as a communication barrier, Wells Fargo should create symbols for the organizations to pass some important information. The leaders should also improve on their leadership styles to ensure that the level of trust is made stronger.
Recommendations for Motivating the Workforce
All organizations should ensure that the employees are fully motivated. Motivation of employees refers to boosting the morale necessary for achieving a certain objective of an organization. Therefore, the workforce at Wells Fargo needs to be motivated for better results. The management at Wells Fargo needs to use compensation as the major method of motivating the workforce. The company should be able to pay good perks to the employees for work well done. The salaries of the employees should also be reviewed regularly for the employees to feel valued thus motivating them. Wells Fargo should also improve the working environment for the workforce.
Feizabbadi, Hamidi, Khatibzadeh & Ghamati (2011) purport that the environment remains essential for human beings at work. A team will end up getting motivated when the environment at the company is improved. Additionally, Wells Fargo should consider the use of the equity theory. Equity theory states that the workforce gets motivated when they feel that there is equal treatment by leaders. Therefore, Wells Fargo should treat its employees equally for the purpose of motivating them. The goal setting theory can also be helpful to Wells Fargo. This theory of motivation states that the workforce can be given specific interesting goals to pursue with the management participating in checking progress, something supported by Pozin (2012) by saying that if you want happier employees get rid of the bosses.
Conclusion
The decentralized communication structure employed by Wells Fargo has been able to improve the trust in the organization. It is advisable to have the management of the company keep on reviewing the structure in place. The leaders should be able to put in place ways of removing the barriers to proper communication (Pozin, 2012). The servant leadership style at Wells Fargo should be improved continuously. The fact that trust has been high in Wells Fargo does not mean it is sufficient; more trust should be sought and maintained.
References
Feizabadi, M.S., Hamidi, M., Khatibzadeh, M. and Ghamati, H. (2011). A survey of the relationship between job stress and the quality of life in sport teacher in Mashhad City. Retrieved from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S1877042811029399/1-s2.0-S1877042811029399 ain.pdf?_tid=28dca252-ceeb-11e5-97550000aacb361&acdnat=1454994690_3207d5f808abff2c0aaa06cc3fe3bb94
Grant, A. (2013). “Givers Take All: The Hidden Dimension of Corporate Culture,” McKinsey Quarterly, Issue 2 (2013): 52–65; and Grant, “Turning the Tables on Success.” 44.
Pozin, I. (2012). “The Takeaway: Three Things That Motivate Employees More Than Money,” Inc. (February 2012): 6.
These questions need to be answered for the paper please.
1- Statement of the issue – one or two sentences.
2- Review of the authors arguments – one or two paragraphs stating at least three major points made by each author.
3- Comparison of arguments – at least one paragraph contrasting what each author had to say.
4 – Your opinion – at least one paragraph explaining either
a) why you agree with one of another, or
b)why you disagree with all the authors.
5- Discussion Question – an open ended question that you derive from the readings.
This is the textbook name just in case you need to know or if you want to quote anything. “The Enduring Debate (Norton, 2014)
SAMPLE ANSWER
Statement of the Issue
Constitution interpretation is done in the old fashioned way as evident where the court came to a controversial decision in the Roper Case, proving to be the statement of the issue (Canon, Colenman & Mayer, 2014). This case happened on the ground where one person is defending the opinion on the ground that people ought not to be subjected to greater punishment like; capital punishment.
Authors Arguments
Antonin Scalia doesn’t think that the Constitution should be interpreted in a strict manner or either sloppily. It should be interpreted in a more reasonable manner. Many of the interpreters do not deserve the description strickt and he believes that the text is given the meaning it had if it is well adopted in the right manner. In the modern position, this happens to be opposite as questions are asked as though it is some affliction that seizes people (Canon, Colenman & Mayer, 2014). According to the author, when a constitution changes, it doesn’t need to be given an expansive meaning, rather it is given whatever meaning is needed so as to make it simpler to be changed when future necessities arise. John Marshall explained that we have to know that it is the constitution we are expounding, thus, it has to be given an expansive meaning. The reason behind all this is to help accommodate events that a person is familiar with and which will happen in the future.
Comparison of Authors Arguments
Antonin Scalia talked about how the constitution is a big difference that one could not lie about it. There is no need for a lawyer to make a person understand it (Canon, Colenman & Mayer, 2014). The constitution is a living morph and a person can’t contrast it that first. John Marshall talks of ways that the constitutions use to guarantee the right to represent by counsel and this did not mean that the state had all the mandate of paying for the counsel as the Antonin Scalia stated. John Marshall stated that the constitution has a process named the due process and it mostly states that no person can be deprived off his life only where then law is involved in the whole process. However, Antonin Scalia contradicts this statement by saying that a person can lose everything in the court as his life, liberty and property are not guaranteed in any way.
Own Opinion
It is prudent to agree with the first author as he wanted the constitution to be interpreted in a more reasonable manner. Increased sentences in the court as mentioned by John Marshall meant that it didn’t have all the many trials, and this act violated the right to trial by jury (Canon, Colenman & Mayer, 2014). A person will definitely disagree with Black’s opinion that stated that the lesser are, better off than we are. On the other side, Burton argued that designed to court and the districts courts are designed to work as the school board and have the capacity to formulate the program for desegregation. It is right to disagree with the political scientist named Robert Dahl, who viewed the court as a powerless tool that can affect the course of national policy.
Discussion
It is next to impossible to beat somebody with nobody. Such a phrase is categorized as the principle of legal interpretation, which require to be well considered. Increased emphasis which tends to be upon included the people’s rights and any active powers are highly valued. In most cases, increased emphasis leads to a better constitutional law that helps in the promotion of governmental solutions. The solutions are consistent with individual dignity and all community needs.
