Read chapter 5 and complete the following:
1. Write a statement in which you write to your (fictional) union leader asking to take on one form of political action. The 4 basic forms are listed on page 145. Write a tribute to yourself, include in your argument, which of the 4 tributes you should be assigned to lead and why. Call on any personal, work, volunteer or education experiences you have had to justify your choice.
2. Answer discussion question 2 on page 151. The question is as follows: How can the inclusion of women in top leadership position local and national unions be increased? As you do so, please write a paragraph regarding why unions lack female leadership.
3. Read through any of the website of ongoing political action groups at the bottom of the page on 151 (under key terms). Provide a summary of what you learned from the website. Some of the sites are listed below:
aflcio.org uschamber.com http://www.nrtw.org\
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With all assignments, include properly formatted in-text citations within the body of your work for each of your listed references so the reader can ascertain what is your original thought or ideas and what portion of your work is taken from credible sources to support your work. It is really important to identify work from other sources to ensure that proper credit is provided to researchers in the field.
Submit the weekly written assignment as an MS WORD attachment in .doc, .docx, or .rtf format. A recommended font is Times New Roman (12)
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African American Experiences between 1920 and 1970
African American Experiences between 1920 and 1970
Order Instructions:
Using the below readings, describe the evolution African-American experiences between 1920 and 1970. How did notions of identity and inclusion evolve? Think about how the category of who “Americans” should be, how they should live, and what the role of government changed for African-Americans. You may want to think about how issues of discrimination, economic justice, and identity evolved. You must analyze BOTH documents from at least TWO decades (minimum of four documents).
a. 1920’s (Hughes, Thurman)
b. The 30’s? (Katznelson, Herndon)
c. The 40’s? (Seuss, Engelhardt)
d. The 60’s? (King, Beale)
**Note: It is strongly recommended that you read Coates, “The Case for Reparations” http://www.theatlantic.com/features/archive/2014/05/thecase-for-reparations/361631/. While a bit lengthy, it is engaging, persuasive, and provides substantive details to help you write your essay. If you are struggling to develop an argument, please read this article.
SAMPLE ANSWER
African American Experiences between 1920 and 1970
The African-American population of the United States of America is considered to be a minority group due to their relatively small numeric contribution to the population compared to the larger population. Being a unique group extends beyond their population. The experiences that they have had as a community are also unique and significant. This essay discusses the experiences that the African-American Community had between 1920 and 1970. It is an essay that entails the key elements of social, economic and political lives of African American people in the United States during this 50 year period.
During the 1920s the Jim Crow era had come to an end and African Americans were gradually making an effort to integrate into American society as citizens with equal rights to participate in the economy as well as the political process. The community however faced serious hurdles in this effort and this was especially noted in Mississippi where black families had difficult times as they engaged in farming through the process of share cropping (Hughes, 36). It was anticipated that the proceeds from the sale of harvests would be shared equally but this did not happen. The discrimination against African Americans economically was also being done by the system which unfairly levied taxes on their properties. The lack of adequate education and inability to access legal services condemned many families to suffer silently in poverty while some lost their property which was seized through dubious deals that took place. Towards the end of the 1920s moving into the 1930s African Americans increasingly moved to urban areas and this led to settlements such as Harlem being almost exclusively dominated by black families. The church played a vital role in bringing the community together during this period (Thurman, 1928).
In the 1930s African Americans continued to push for their inclusion in the national economy and this was seen in them seeking employment in urban areas where industry flourished. This in turn brought to light more challenges such as discriminatory labor practices and also the political marginalization of blacks. It is important to note that during this period, the African American electorate began to shift alliances to liberals as opposed to republicans whom they had initially supported. The Civil rights movement has its origins in this political involvement of the African Americans looking for equal rights. The arrests of community leaders who fought for this cause helped to push the plight of African Americans to the national limelight, specifically with reference to the discriminatory policies that existed. The civil rights movement was then known as the Working-Class movement due to its use of labor unions to clamor for equality (Katznelson, 2005; Herndon, 1937).
During the 1940s, the civil rights movement continued to gain momentum but world attention had by then shifted to the Second World War. Close to a million African Americans served in the country’s armed forces and the discriminatory employment policies in play within the country’s labor system were also manifested in the army and navy (Engelhardt, 4). Race was used in the determination of the roles that a black man would be given and this translated to their being assigned tasks that were either subordinate or extremely dangerous. The government’s recognition of a need to desegregate the forces was an indication of a deliberate step to make the labor system more accommodating and fair to African Americans. Social and economic discrimination however continued to rear its head, mainly manifested in unfair treatment of African-Americans who would be subjected to unfair loans and real estate practices (Seuss Cartoons, n.d.).
In the 1950s, racism against this community continued but albeit under the guise of the provision of housing. Government housing projects during this decade almost exclusively took place in neighborhoods dominated by blacks. Violent riots by whites that started in the late 1940s spilled over into the 1950s with black families being forcefully ejected from their homes in the event that they moved into white dominated neighborhoods. The argument that fuelled this antagonism was that the presence of blacks lowered the value of the property. The growing poverty of the African American community began to gain government attention and this led to the proposal of several initiatives that were geared at minimizing its negative impact on the national economy (Seuss Cartoons, n/d/).
During the 1960s, a combination of increased picketing by civil rights leaders and political will led to affirmative action. In 1965 segregation of public schools and other social amenities was banned in the country, the aim being to give blacks equal opportunities. Martin Luther King Jr. came up as the figurehead of the civil rights movement (Beale, 1970). The main issues that this movement combated at the time were police brutality and the denial of voting rights to African Americans by the police force in Montgomery. Demonstrations that were exclusively black were met by brutal anti-riot state troopers while those attended by pockets of white supporters of the plight of African Americans received protection albeit with minimal restrictions. The publicizing of the events in Montgomery compelled the president to deliberately declare the government position which supported voting rights for all. The Southern States of the country saw racism persist despite legislation against it (King, 1965).
Works Cited
Beale, Frances. “Double jeopardy: To be black and female.” The black woman: An anthology (1970): 90-100.
Engelhardt, Brian “Fighting for the Double V” 1-9
Herndon Angelo, “You Can’t Kill the Working Class” 1937
Hughes, Langston. “The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.” 1926.” The Collected Works of Langston Hughes 9 (1773): 31-36.
Katznelson, Ira. When affirmative action was white: An untold history of racial inequality in twentieth-century America. WW Norton & Company, 2005.
King Jr, Martin Luther. “Letter from Birmingham jail.” UC Davis L. Rev. 26 (1992): 835.
Seuss Cartoons
Thurman, Wallace. “Negro Life in New York’s Harlem.” Girard (KS): Haldeman-Julius Company (1928).
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One question trainers often ask is, “How can I accommodate different learning styles in a class?”
1. Recommend the best solution to this question, using properly cited sources to support your answer.
By taking this course, you are currently engaged in an online learning environment. Based on your VARK learning style and your background in higher education (some of you have learned in both traditional and online environments, whereas some have only studied online), address to the following:
2. Do you think that the online learning environment is best suited to a particular learning style?
3. Why do think so?
My learning style is Read/write
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
There are various styles of learning that are applicable in a classroom setting. It is often recommended that an instructor should combine a number of teaching methods as opposed to just going with one. This helps to make the instructions clearer while at the same time accommodating all students. There various styles of learning each of which fit a specific group of learners. The most appropriate style or combination of styles of learning is dependent on a number of factors including the needs of the learners (LeFever, 2011). The combination of reading and writing has proven to be one of the most effective styles of learning. It helps to emphasize on all the aspects of learning. Reading and writing helps to encompass all the crucial aspects for learners to grasp the instructions.
Reading on one hand helps to keep the learner’s mind alert. Alertness of the mind helps to increase retention of the information. This ensures that the learner does not only understand the instructions but also s able to remember the instructions later. Writing on the other hand is a form of emphasis. As the learner writes, they tend to repeat and emphasize that which they have read. This emphasis is crucial for retention and recalling which is what learning is about. A learner must remember what they learn and be able to apply it.
Online Learning Environment
Online learning has become very common in recent years with the advent of technology. It is one of the styles of learning which must be combined with their styles to become effective. This style of learning must be incorporated with book learning. It is not sufficient that students should rely just on what is sent to them via the online platform. The danger of relying on this form of learning solely is that student will not make extra effort of reading extra materials. This will make their learning very limited. Online learning must therefore be combined with book reading so as to expand on knowledge.
Why So?
While in school, students just want to go through the system and get done. It is not very much their concern whether they actually leaner what they ought to. This means that whenever students find shortcuts, they often go for them (Reid, 2010). Having an online platform without incorporating any other style of learning will give students an easy way out which they will often prefer. The risk is that the effort of the student will not be put into action.
In a learning process, a student should not just wait for instructors to give them all the materials. An instructor is supposed to be a guide for the students who then must go beyond and look for further information. Students must therefore be encouraged to read widely and consult various reading materials. The information provided on the online platform must therefore not be fully comprehensive. There should be gaps which students will be required to fill by reading the actual text. It is only in so doing that the culture of reading will be emphasized. Further this combination of learning styles ensures that students do not just read to pass exams. Instead, they read to gain knowledge which should be the primary goal. Combination of learning styles is certainly the best way to enhance leaning and accommodate all learners.
References
LeFever, M. (2011). Learning styles. New York: Prentice Hall.
PART I: The Key Link Is Organizational Strategy and Training
Most of us are very familiar with the Amazon Corporation and the phenomenal record of growth it has shown. Yet, not many of us know what goes on beneath that record of growth, and how the company functions based on a strongly developed corporate strategy. Read an article, “Jeff Bezos Explains the Next Step in Amazon’s Strategy,” in which Bezos explained one strategy step called “customer delight.”
Read “Jeff Bezos Explains the Next Step in Amazon’s Strategy—The ‘Hardest and Coolest’ Part,” from GeekWire
For a minute, assume you are in charge of developing a training program to help Amazon meet that goal of “customer delight.” (One definition of delight is to give great pleasure, satisfaction, or enjoyment.) Your role is to train Amazon employees who answer the telephone.
ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Address the following:
1. Identify three types of training you would implement to help Amazon meet this strategic goal. Use examples or supporting evidence.
2. Identify at least two specific topics you would include in this training.
3. Explain why you selected these topics and how they would address this strategic goal. Apply relevant professional, personal, or other real-world experiences to extend the dialogue.
PART 2: Generational Differences
One of the key issues developing in the field of training is demographic shifts in the workforce. While workforce shifts in race and ethnicity are generally well documented, other changes, such as generational differences, are often less well-noted. Generally, each generation has trouble understanding the attitudes and values of the generations that came before and after their own.
ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Review the The Millennials Are Coming video and the Generational Differences Chart, then addresses the following:
Click on the link provided to view the following video:
• The Millennials Are Coming | Transcript.
Read the “Generational Differences Chart
1. Do you agree with the evaluation of the millennial generation in the video?
2. Why or why not? Be specific in your reasoning. Use examples or supporting evidence.
3. How would having a group of trainees with members from each of the four generations described in the chart impact how you might have to develop a course in sexual harassment? Apply relevant professional, personal, or other real-world experiences to extend the dialogue.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Customer delight is a form of strategy that centers specifically on the customers. The aim is to ensure that the customer is satisfied and happy with the services offered by the company. When happy, the customer will come again another time and will also encourage other potential customers to seek services of the business. Three crucial trainings to be offered product training, customer needs trainings and customer expectations. Employees must be well versed with the products of the company in order to market them effectively (Bishop, 2013). They must also understand the needs of the customer. Understanding the needs of the clientele helps align the strategies accordingly. Customer expectations must also be carefully considered. The company must always ensure that they meet the expectations of the customers and possibly exceed them.
Some of the specific topics that would be covered under this training include the strength of the products of the company as compared to equal products of competing companies. Employees of the organization should have the ability to convince the customers as to why they should go for their products and not other equal products in the market (Bishop, 2013). The convincing power to a customer is based on good knowledge and understanding of the product.
Another topic that will be covered is the need to make the customer feel special and appreciated. Any time a customer walks into a business premise, they are very keen to see how they will be treated. Any time a customer feels that their time is not appreciated and that they are not given attention, they are not likely to come back. Customers must always remain central in order for the customer delight strategy to succeed.
Generational Differences Chart
The evaluation of the Millennial Generation is quite true. They definitely have a totally different approach to matters of work and certainly are seen as threat to those who have been there before them. Certainly, the fact they are technologically savvy makes them have an upper hand over the preceding generation. In this era, technology is at the center of all business strategies and development (Gaylor, 2012). The only worrying aspect is the manner in which they were raised. They perhaps may not be as aggressive as they ought to be.
I agree with the evaluation and observation having witnessed it fast hand. Despite the fact that the millennial generations are technologically savvy, they are definitely not as aggressive as the business environment demands. They are used to having almost everything on a silver platter. This makes them unprepared for the hard times and challenges they more likely face when they get to work.
Having trainees from the four different generations and having to teach on sexual harassment, one would have to come up with a moderated version. The fact that the trainees are from different generations means that their understanding of sexual harassment varies. Bring harmony in the understanding of sexual harassment from the perspective of all generations (Gaylor, 2012). The best approach in order to ensure that all the participants are well accommodated is to adopt chronology. The training can begin from the very first generation and their understanding of sexual harassment. The trainer can then move gradually to the current understanding of sexual harassment. In doing everybody will be accommodated, while at the same remain relevant and in tandem with the times. It is not always easy to come to a middle point with the different generations but one must always be sought.
References
Bishop, T. (2013). Jeff Bezos explains the next step in Amazon’s strategy- the hardest and coolest part. Geek wire.
CBS News (2007). The millennials are coming: Morley Safer On The New Generation Of American Workers. CBS News.
Gaylor, D. (2012). Generational differences. Director, Chi Alpha Campus Ministries, USA.
Most of us are very familiar with the Amazon Corporation and the phenomenal record of growth it has shown. Yet, not many of us know what goes on beneath that record of growth, and how the company functions based on a strongly developed corporate strategy. Read an article, “Jeff Bezos Explains the Next Step in Amazon’s Strategy,” in which Bezos explained one strategy step called “customer delight.”
Read “Jeff Bezos Explains the Next Step in Amazon’s Strategy—The ‘Hardest and Coolest’ Part,” from GeekWire
For a minute, assume you are in charge of developing a training program to help Amazon meet that goal of “customer delight.” (One definition of delight is to give great pleasure, satisfaction, or enjoyment.) Your role is to train Amazon employees who answer the telephone.
ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Address the following:
1. Identify three types of training you would implement to help Amazon meet this strategic goal. Use examples or supporting evidence.
2. Identify at least two specific topics you would include in this training.
3. Explain why you selected these topics and how they would address this strategic goal. Apply relevant professional, personal, or other real-world experiences to extend the dialogue.
PART 2: Generational Differences
One of the key issues developing in the field of training is demographic shifts in the workforce. While workforce shifts in race and ethnicity are generally well documented, other changes, such as generational differences, are often less well-noted. Generally, each generation has trouble understanding the attitudes and values of the generations that came before and after their own.
ASSIGNMENT INSTRUCTIONS: Review the The Millennials Are Coming video and the Generational Differences Chart, then addresses the following:
Click on the link provided to view the following video:
• The Millennials Are Coming | Transcript.
Read the “Generational Differences Chart
1. Do you agree with the evaluation of the millennial generation in the video?
2. Why or why not? Be specific in your reasoning. Use examples or supporting evidence.
3. How would having a group of trainees with members from each of the four generations described in the chart impact how you might have to develop a course in sexual harassment? Apply relevant professional, personal, or other real-world experiences to extend the dialogue.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Customer delight is a form of strategy that centers specifically on the customers. The aim is to ensure that the customer is satisfied and happy with the services offered by the company. When happy, the customer will come again another time and will also encourage other potential customers to seek services of the business. Three crucial trainings to be offered product training, customer needs trainings and customer expectations. Employees must be well versed with the products of the company in order to market them effectively (Bishop, 2013). They must also understand the needs of the customer. Understanding the needs of the clientele helps align the strategies accordingly. Customer expectations must also be carefully considered. The company must always ensure that they meet the expectations of the customers and possibly exceed them.
Some of the specific topics that would be covered under this training include the strength of the products of the company as compared to equal products of competing companies. Employees of the organization should have the ability to convince the customers as to why they should go for their products and not other equal products in the market (Bishop, 2013). The convincing power to a customer is based on good knowledge and understanding of the product.
Another topic that will be covered is the need to make the customer feel special and appreciated. Any time a customer walks into a business premise, they are very keen to see how they will be treated. Any time a customer feels that their time is not appreciated and that they are not given attention, they are not likely to come back. Customers must always remain central in order for the customer delight strategy to succeed.
Generational Differences Chart
The evaluation of the Millennial Generation is quite true. They definitely have a totally different approach to matters of work and certainly are seen as threat to those who have been there before them. Certainly, the fact they are technologically savvy makes them have an upper hand over the preceding generation. In this era, technology is at the center of all business strategies and development (Gaylor, 2012). The only worrying aspect is the manner in which they were raised. They perhaps may not be as aggressive as they ought to be.
I agree with the evaluation and observation having witnessed it fast hand. Despite the fact that the millennial generations are technologically savvy, they are definitely not as aggressive as the business environment demands. They are used to having almost everything on a silver platter. This makes them unprepared for the hard times and challenges they more likely face when they get to work.
Having trainees from the four different generations and having to teach on sexual harassment, one would have to come up with a moderated version. The fact that the trainees are from different generations means that their understanding of sexual harassment varies. Bring harmony in the understanding of sexual harassment from the perspective of all generations (Gaylor, 2012). The best approach in order to ensure that all the participants are well accommodated is to adopt chronology. The training can begin from the very first generation and their understanding of sexual harassment. The trainer can then move gradually to the current understanding of sexual harassment. In doing everybody will be accommodated, while at the same remain relevant and in tandem with the times. It is not always easy to come to a middle point with the different generations but one must always be sought.
References
Bishop, T. (2013). Jeff Bezos explains the next step in Amazon’s strategy- the hardest and coolest part. Geek wire.
CBS News (2007). The millennials are coming: Morley Safer On The New Generation Of American Workers. CBS News.
Gaylor, D. (2012). Generational differences. Director, Chi Alpha Campus Ministries, USA.
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Providing cost effective care without limiting access
Providing cost effective care without limiting access
Order Instructions:
Providing cost effective care without limiting access
Providing cost effective care is a professional aspect of the Advance Nurse Practitioner’s role when caring for clients. Diagnostic testing can aid in therapeutic decision making, but contributes substantially to the cost of medical care. Testing is necessary in most cases, and if used improperly can cause significant cost and not lend much to diagnostic accuracy.
Write a 4 page APA formatted paper on the need to provide cost effective care without limiting access to care.
Discuss:
• Why this is an important aspect of providing care to patients
• How care can be made more affordable without limiting access to necessary care
• How to maintain cost effectiveness and still get the needed information for a diagnosis without ordering unnecessary diagnostic exams
Assignment Requirements
The finished Assignment should be a 4-page descriptive and critical/evaluative essay, excluding the title page and references. The viewpoint and purpose of this Assignment should be clearly established and sustained.
Before finalizing your work, you should:
• utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors; and
• review APA formatting and citation information found online, or on APA manual
Your Assignment should:
• follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
• be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;
• display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and
• use APA 6th edition format for organization, style, and crediting sources including:
• properly formatted header
• 12-point, double-spaced, Times New Roman font
• use of in-text citations
• title page and reference page
• use of headings (if applicable)
Resources
Choosing Wisely: Knowing the Costs of Health Care (Dana Frank, MD)
Choosing Wisely: The Impact of Rising Costs on Health Care (Joe Marine, MD)
Choosing Wisely: The Need to Simplify Health Care (Ann Morrill, MD)
Providing Cost Effective Care without Limiting Access
Introduction
Providing affordable care is a professional characteristic of (APN) Advanced Nurse Practitioner’s responsibility when taking care of clients. Diagnostic procedures in most of the time assist in making therapeutic decision-making. However, these procedures can contribute substantially to the expenditure of medical attention. Testing is crucial in medication, but if used improperly, it can bring considerable expenditure and not lend much for diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, the following discussion will indulge in discussing the importance of enhancing care that is cost-effective without restraining access. In addition, paper will discuss how care can be made more affordable. The paper concludes by suggesting ways on how to maintain cost effectiveness in the provision of cost-effective care without ordering unnecessary diagnostic exams.
Discussion
Providing care that is cost-effective without restraining access has a number of considerable benefits. Considering that the cost of health care services in the U.S. is increasing every year, government and other health stakeholders are looking for ways on how to health care affordable. One importance noticed by Greene (2015) is that cost-effective care will automatically relieve the heavy burden carried by health providers. For instance, health organizations can fight turnover costs of their nurses. This is because saved costs are usually used in motivating and retaining nurses. Persad (2015) argues that this will save the health organization the costs of advertising, and the overall costs employed to market nursing positions in the effort to recruit and employ nurses to take the turnover vacancies. This importance leads to another importance of increased productivity, which is one of the main agendas for the existence of a health organization as a business. Another importance regarding providing cost-effective care without limiting access is an improvement in providing quality healthcare. This is because cost effective care ensures that there is enough money saved to revolutionize medication administration, communication improvement, facilitate intensified and extensive follow-up, as well as client engagement (Greene, 2015). Considerably, affordable care without limited access facilitates coordination of patient care to decrease unneeded assessment and processes. Besides, a health facility can work effectively with other health providers such as case managers to ensure that there is safe and well-timed hospital discharge. Finally, transparency is witnessed when there is cost effective care (Persad, 2015). When cost effective care is put on the ground, nurses and medical practitioners do not find it necessary to direct a client to unnecessary diagnosis or procedures. Rather, the practitioners inform the patients all matters in black and white and involve other professionals in it.
Health care expenditures remain a key challenge to most Americans in accessing quality health care in the U.S. Greene (2015) argues that although such Act as the Affordable Care Act strives to make every American get affordable care, there has been limitation in accessing the health care services. One method to get affordable health care, Greene (2015), for instance, is by patients avoiding scheduling non-medically illustrated labor instructions before thirty-nine weeks. This is meant to reduce the use of unnecessary imaging assessments, for example, early utilization of MRI or CT for mild complaints that will automatically disappear on their own. Dana (2011) continued to assert that most unnecessary tests and procedures expose a patient to radiation and unwanted surgery.
Ann (2011) who added that the inaccessibility to affordable care is because of the complexity of health care echoes Dana’s argument. Ann (2011), an endocrinologist at Maryland Medical Center, argues that the only affordable care that can be made available to Americans is patient-centered care. In other words, Ann (2011) calls for an absolute simplification of the processes involved in mediation in the interest of the patients. Ann (2011) continued to assert that many patients give up in the quest for affordable health due to inconveniences of bureaucratic procedures in accessing health care. However, Joe (2011), a cardiologist at John Hopkins Bayview, appears on the realm of this discussion about affordable health care by attesting that the reason behind inaccessibility to affordable health care is the continued rising costs of health care. Greene (2015) echoes this statement by arguing that patients have to be assisted financially to access health care.
Another alternative to making care affordable is by empowering non-physician providers. This empowerment will ensure that non-physicians such as advanced-practice nurses practice entirety of their training (Persad, 2015). Progressively, these providers will expand the workforce, which will necessarily lower prices to make health care affordable. Making medical insurance cover cheaper will also aim at making health care affordable. Health insurance exchange plans are reasons behind unaffordable health care (Greene, 2015). These costs make makes it hard to make health care affordable.
By fostering efficient communication between health care providers and patients, cost effectiveness can be maintained, and make doctors acquire the required data for a diagnosis without ordering pointless diagnostic assessments. Contributing in the Choosing Wisely, Ann (2011) argued that poor communication between the two parties hinders accessibility for affordable health care. When there is coherent communication between providers and patient, Greene (2015), there is a better discussion about tests and procedures, and the patient will be able to make the decision about his or her condition. For instance, when a man is suffering from prostate cancer is fed with information regarding the treatment of the disease he might not seek medication. Persad (2015) argues that this is because the condition is unlikely to affect him before he dies due to other causes. Therefore, the patient will not go for testing and scanning, as they become unnecessary. Although health care resources are abundant, they are however utilized improperly. Dana (2011) who argued that nurse practitioners do not know the costs of health are procedures gave this statement. He also added that many billions of money is wasted each year through unnecessary services such as fraud and excessive administrative expenditures. Therefore, Persad (2015), the physician ends up recommending unnecessary diagnostic procedures. Thus, there is need to educate the physician about the cost of the health care procedure, which they will be using to reevaluate their decisions before prescribing unwanted medical procedures and tests. In addition, nurse practitioners need to be supplied with comprehensive copies of the cost of each test. According to Dana (2011), this will assist them in getting back to the list and evaluate whether it is effective to carry out a diagnostic test.
Summary
In conclusion, it can be deducted from the above discussion that nurse practitioners can unintentionally result in unnecessary medical testing and procedure. This leads to misuse of resources leading to cost-ineffectiveness. However, this can be averted if there is established good communication between providers and patients to reduce the numbers of unnecessary procedures and tests. Altogether, affordable care will be made available to the patients if medical insurance premiums are made affordable and the workforce of nurse practitioners expanded.
References
Ann, M. (18 Aug, 2011). Choosing Wisely. The Need to Simplify Health Care. [You Tube]. Retrieved on 10 July, 2015 from:
Greene, S. (2015). A survey of emergency medicine residents’ perceptive of the choosing wisely campaign. American journal of Emergency Medicine, (6), 853.doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2015.03.067
Joe, M. (18 Aug, 2011). Choosing Wisely: The Impact of Rising Costs on Health Care. [You Tube]. Retrieved on 10 July, 2015 from:
Persad G. (2015). The Medical Cost Pandemic: Why Limiting Access to Cost-Effective Treatment Hurts the Global Poor. Chicago Journal of International Law, 15559.
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Project Aims: Your team has been appointed to advise a manager on the applications of data analysis and statistics in business as an aid to decision making. She has asked you to write a management report to include:
1. A summary of your data using descriptive statistics and data presentation techniques (use Excel for this task);
2. An example of a discrete random variable relevant to your topic and its probability distribution;
3. Inferential Statistics on a relevant continuous random variable;
4. An application of Regression on a relevant variable.
Source Data:
1. Open Data: You may use any open source data appropriate to the application of business data analysis. As there are so many, we have identified a small subset for you to choose from on Blackboard.
Your report should reflect on the data source and related data issues.
Note: You may not conduct your own data gathering without ethical approval!
Team Code of conduct: Include a Statement of Authorship, signed by each participant of the group giving their weighted contribution. You may wish to include the Terms of Reference agreed by the group at the start of the project. Students who do not contribute to the team project, may not receive the team grade. Indicate the nominated team member on your Statement of Authorship. This person is responsible for uploading your work to Blackboard.
The Management Report: The aim of your report is to provide a meaningful interpretation of your data analysis to the business manager, demonstrating its use in decision making. Choose one discrete random variable and one continuous variable relevant to your topic. For example, a service provider may be interested in a discrete random variable counting the number of orders they receive per day, and a continuous random variable measuring the length of time it takes them to complete these orders.
To ensure a favourable response to your report, you need to explain to your manager any statistical terminology and techniques that you use in your report. Graphs may help the manager in understanding the concepts you are outlining. Rough work and calculations should not appear in the main body of the report but can be included in an appendix.
As this is a management report, format your report appropriately. Marks will be deducted for unprofessional aspects of your typed report such as misspellings, poor grammar, unreferenced sources or inappropriate graphs.
Management Report Components:
1) Calculate at least 2 measures of central tendency and at least 2 measures of variation (from 2 different countries) for
your Continuous Variable sample data. Explain the results and meaning of these measures in your report. Include a summary of the data in your report using a graph or table. Use Excel for this task.
2) Explain what your Discrete Random Variable is and what probability distribution can be used to describe it. Give some examples and interpretation of the usage of the probability distribution function and outline its business relevance.
3) Either do 3.a or 3.b
a. Calculate and interpret a confidence interval estimate of the Continuous Random
Variable. Choose an appropriate confidence level for your interval.
b. Set up and conduct a hypothesis test relevant to the continuous random variable.
Choose an appropriate level of significance for your test.
4) Show how Regression techniques can be used to extrapolate or interpolate values for your
dependant variable.
Suggested Report Content / Checklist for your report: 1) Introduction
2) Summary and explanation of descriptive statistics. 3) Inferential Statistics
a. You may want to include some theoretical background to the Normal (and Sampling)
Distribution. Topics could include:
i. What is the Normal Distribution?
ii. Why is the Normal Distribution used in Sampling Distributions?
iii. What is the basis for Inferential Statistics?
b. You should include:
i. An explanation of your continuous random variable and sampling work
ii. An explanation of what a Confidence Interval / Hypothesis Test is;
iii. An insight into the construction of the interval/test;
iv. An interpretation of your Confidence Interval/ Hypothesis Test results;
4) Summary and Conclusion.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
Nowadays as business environments continue to become more dynamic and competitive locally, regionally and internationally, the application of data analysis and statistics in business as an aid to decision making has become inevitable (Davenport & Harris, 2007). This is attributable to the fact that, decisions in contemporary businesses play an essential role in making sure that enterprises are strategically positioned in the market through management and marketing decisions that are informed by business intelligence analytics (Davenport et al., 2009). Bartlett (2013) notes that business data analysis applications using tools and techniques that are technologically advanced such as business data analysis software have become an integral part of decision making in modern day businesses. Furthermore, business data analysis involves an iterative and methodical exploration of data from an organization with emphasis on statistical analysis in order to make sure that their decision making process is data-driven (Davenport & Harris, 2005). This management report aims to provide a meaningful interpretation of business data analysis (about ObviEnce, LLC sales and marketing data) to the business manager in order to demonstrate its use in decision making. Two variables are used i.e. one discrete random variable (number of new orders) and one continuous random variable (marketing time in months).
Summary and explanation of descriptive statistics
The business data considered is summarized using descriptive statistics as well as a presentation technique. For instance, the descriptive statistics used were measures of central tendency as well as variation whereby the former measures are mean and median while latter measures are standard deviation and variance. These descriptive statistics were calculated for both variables i.e. discrete random variable and continuous random variable. As a result, Table 1 below shows, the business data which was considered in the data analysis using the Ms Excel program together with the subsequent descriptive statistics, both in terms of measure of central tendency as well as measure of variation. Descriptive statistics play an essential role in making sure that a role data is analyzed and presented in a manner that is easily understandable while at the same time making sure that the meaning of the data can also be easily interpreted.
The mean for the data presented in this report is 1760 and 13.3 for the number of new orders (discrete random variable) and marketing time in months (continuous random variable) respectively. In addition, the median for the data presented in this report is 1800 and 14 for the number of new orders (discrete random variable) and marketing time in months (continuous random variable) respectively. The mean shows the average of a data set while median is the middle data point in an ordered data set (Davenport, 2006). From, the descriptive statistics shown in Table 1 below for both variables indicate that the mean and median are very close meaning that the data concerning the impact of marketing on sales is normally distributed, which implies that more data is located in the middle.
On the other hand, the measures of variation were also determined using Ms Excel and the standard deviation of the data presented in this report is 874.2752 and 7.220507 for the number of new orders (discrete random variable) and marketing time in months (continuous random variable) respectively. Furthermore, the median for the data presented in this report is 764357.1 and 52.13571 for the number of new orders (discrete random variable) and marketing time in months (continuous random variable) respectively. The measures of variation show how individual points in a data set are sparsely distributed, and also the extent to which they have deviated from the mean. Higher standard deviation and variance indicate significant deviation of individual data points in a data set from its mean (Stubbs, 2011). For instance, the standard deviation and variance for both variables are significantly varied from the mean. This means that the marketing of the company had impact on sales of the company.
Table 1: Descriptive Statistics
The data can also be presented using a line graph created using Ms Excel as illustrated in the Figure 1 shown below.
Figure 1: A line graph of the data
The discrete random variable used in this data is the number of new orders which are determined by the length of marketing in the number of months. This is mainly because the longer the marketing time, the higher the number of new orders. Discrete probability distribution can be used to describe this variable since the number of orders must be a definite and not partial meaning it, must be represented by a specific number. An example is the tossing of coin whereby you must either get a head or tail meaning after a particular number of tosses there must be a discrete number of heads and tails.
Inferential Statistics
Normal distribution is a symmetric curve consisting of one central peak which is equivalent to mean of the data. Bell-shaped is the word used to describe the curve whereby the graph falls off in an even manner on both sides of the mean and 50% of the distribution is located on either side of the mean (Stubbs, 2011). The use of Normal Distribution in sampling distributions is done because they usually show naturally occurring phenomena which are determined through sampling, in order to get unbiased statistical tests (Davenport & Harris, 2007). Inferential statistics are based on inferring from the sample data in order to make generalizations about the populations which enable conclusions to be made (Davenport et al., 2009).
The continuous random variable used in the data is the length of time (in months) taken by the company in marketing. This is attributed to the fact that time can be presented continuously meaning that a range of time can be used to determine the discrete random variable (Davenport & Harris, 2007). Sampling was done by counting the number of new orders that were placed within a specific number of months in marketing. A confidence interval is the range in which a certain trial or measurement falls in within a specified probability (Stubbs, 2011).
Construction of a confidence interval is first done by identifying the test statistic (e.g., sample proportion and sample mean) subsequent to selection of the confidence level which may be 90%, 95% or 99%. The margin error is then calculated, followed by specifying of the confidence interval. With a sample size of 15 (df=14), mean of 13.3, and standard deviation of 7.220507 confidence interval of the continuous random variable at the 99% confidence level is:
The above confidence interval results show that 99% of the intervals will include the test statistic (mean).
Regression techniques can be used to extrapolate values for the dependent variable by developing with a constant meaning when the independent variable is known then the dependent variable can be determined.
Summary and Conclusion
In summary, the descriptive statistics show that the data values are widely located around the mean and there was a positive correlation between the time take in marketing and the volume of sales in terms of new orders. Inferential statistics also show a considerably wide confidence interval. In conclusion, it has been seen that it is possible use data analysis to make important business decisions.
References
Bartlett, R. (2013). A Practitioner’s Guide to Business Analytics: Using Data Analysis Tools to Improve Your Organization’s Decision Making and Strategy. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Davenport, T. H. (2006). Competing on Analytics. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Davenport, T. H., & Harris, J. G. (2005). Automated Decision Making Comes of Age. Boston, MA: MIT Sloan Management Review.
Davenport, T. H., & Harris, J. G. (2007). Competing on analytics: The new science of winning. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
Davenport, T. H., Harris, J. G., De Long, D. W., & Jacobson, A. L. (2009). Data to Knowledge to Results: Building an Analytic Capability. California Management Review, 43 (2), 117–138.
The writer will have to read each of this post and react to them by commenting, analyzing and supporting with relevant articles. The writer will have to read carefully before commenting on the post. The writer should write a one paragraph of at least 150 words. APA and in text citation must be use as each respond to the two post must have in text citations. The writer will have to use an article to supports his comments in each of the article. Address the content of each post below in a one paragraph each, analysis and evaluation of the topic, as well as the integration of relevant resources.
I will send the details of the paper via email.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Article one
This article is relevant in addressing the issue of ethical dilemma as it focuses on a group of people who are subject to effects of ethical dilemma. Community long-term care case managers are faced with circumstances that denote chances of falling to ethical dilemma temptations. Phillips & Margolis (1999) note that; temptation emanates mainly from pressure that is exerted to these managers especially due to shortage of money to be used in management. Involvement of a great number of such managers is crucial because it adds to the relevance of the study and it makes it viable to generalize the findings. This is unlike when a study uses a few numbers of cases in a study. In such cases, it becomes ineffective to generalize the findings because the sample may not be a relevant representative of the intended population. According to Bishop (2013) addressing of various issues touching on ethics as may be experienced by managers is critical in the modern times.
Article two
This article points out clearly to the implications of poor application of moral ethics in organizations. Failure to articulate moral ethics in organizations could lead to severe consequences. This article points out clearly to the crucial elements of an organization that could be sabotaged by ethical misalignments in organizations. There are risks to the finances of organizations. Finkelman & Lopez (2012) assert that; finances could be mismanaged following lack of ethics in an organization. Customer services could also be compromised. Piercy & Lane (2009) observe that; this is aspect is very sensitive because; with compromise of the services to customers, an organization is usually at the brink of closure. This view emanates from the realization that; customers are the pillars of business. Ethical misalignments also lead to market risk whereby, an organization is not able to articulate its functionality to the demands of market.
References
Bishop, W. H. (2013). The Role of Ethics in 21st Century Organizations. Journal Of Business Ethics, 118(3), 635-637. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1618-1
Finkelman, J., & Lopez, P. D. (2012). GLOBAL CONSULTING IN A CULTURALLY DIVERSE WORLD: ETHICAL AND LEGAL IMPLICATIONS. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice & Research, 64(4), 307-324. https://www.doi:10.1037/a0031675
Phillips, R. A., & Margolis, J. D. (1999). TOWARD AN ETHICS OF ORGANIZATIONS. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9(4), 619-638.
Piercy, N., & Lane, N. (2009). Strategic Customer Management : Strategizing the Sales Organization. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
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•What are the benefits of just-in-time (JIT) techniques?
•What types of organisations use JIT techniques?
•Should things change if they are running smoothly?
In an approximately 550-word response, address the following issues/questions:
‘Things that are running smoothly should not be subject to any control. If you commit yourself to just finding and fixing problems, you’ll be able to carry out effective control (within an organisation) with fewer personnel’ (Minoura, 2003).
Discuss what the above statement means and whether you agree with it.
Describe how an organisation that you have experience of, or have researched, has benefitted from just-in-time (JIT) techniques and with special reference to inventory control. Also discuss whether the potential benefits—and drawbacks—of such JIT techniques are limited to large manufacturing businesses or whether they have wider applications for other organisations.
Base your answer on research, your readings and your own experiences.
Please cite all references.
Reference:
Minoura, T. (2003) The Toyota production system. Available from: http://www.toyotageorgetown.com/tps.asp (Accessed: 10th September 2014).
Also,
1) The answer must raise appropriate critical questions.
2)Do include all your references, as per the Harvard Referencing System,
3)Please don’t use Wikipedia web site.
4)I need examples from peer reviewed articles or researches.
5) Turnitin.com copy percentage must be 10% or less.
Appreciate each single moment you spend in writing my paper
Best regards
SAMPLE ANSWER
Things that are running smoothly should not be subject to any control. If you commit yourself to just finding and fixing problems, you’ll be able to carry out effective control (within an organisation) with fewer personnel’. What this statement means is that; in a bid to reduce commitment to unworthy-while fixations, it is crucial that managers in organizations let what is running smoothly just to be. One should not engage in looking for problems to fix where there appears to be none. Instead, such time should be dedicated to solve the real problems that have manifested and need attention at that time. Minoura (2003) asserts that; adoption of just-in-time techniques enables work to be done easily in an organization with requirement of the least number of employees. Such minimization of employees for fixing of problems goes a long in reducing the budget of the organization. The funds saved could be used to expand the organization in myriads of ways. It means that; it is crucial to only dedicate time and energy to problems when they are located and not waste time looking for problems in areas where things seem to be running smooth.
This statement is very much agreeable because; its consideration leads to maximum benefits for organizations. Its application is very crucial as it saves time that could have been used in looking for problems where things are running smoothly. Ha (2013) asserts that; letting things that are running smoothly to run without control and committing to fixing only the detected problems go a long way in ensuring that there is time for priority aspects of the organization and that there is a reduced number of employees.
Adoption of the just in time techniques, benefits organizations in myriads of ways. There are advantages associated with return on investment, quality as well as efficiency. Much of the benefits of utilization of just in time techniques touch on inventory. Weinstein (2014) notes that; an application of just-in-time techniques result to a reduction of holding inventory which is at times referred to as carrying cost. For instance, there is reduction in cost of warehousing such as the cost of utilities. This emanates from having little time and employees dedicated to looking for what might not be running well so as to fix it. Instead, only what is not running well is fixed. Roy, Sana, & Chaudhuri (2012) clarifies that; much of the reduction in salary as an aspect of inventory comes in as a result of having a reduced number of employees. When just-in-time techniques are adopted in an organization, there is attended to.
Benefits and drawbacks associated with just-in-time technology cannot be said to be limited to large manufacturing businesses. The premises of this technique are applicable even to other organizations which are not large or oriented to manufacturing. All levels o organizations, in terms of being small or large, benefit from utilization of just-in-time techniques. For instance, the advantage of a reduced cost of maintenance of inventory, such as salaries is applicable across all levels of organizations. On such note, it is crucial that; organizations of all levels consider articulation of these crucial techniques. Again, the drawbacks of these technologies are applicable to organizations of all levels and categories, whether manufacturing or not. For instance, the drawback of high chances of experiencing breakdown of implements at peak hours is applicable to all organizations.
References
Ha, D 2013, ‘A study of JIT and firm performance in US manufacturing between 1990 and 2009: a re-examination of Swamidass (2007)’, International Journal Of Production Research, 51, 10, pp. 2887-2899, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 July 2015.
Roy, M. D., Sana, S. S., & Chaudhuri, K. (2012). An integrated producer–buyer relationship in the environment of EMQ and JIT production systems. International Journal Of Production Research, 50(19), 5597-5614. doi:10.1080/00207543.2011.650866
WEINSTEIN, M 2014, ‘Just-in Time Technology Solutions’, Training, 51, 5, pp. 36-39, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 9 July 2015.
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This module is assessed through two pieces of coursework.
• Case Study Assignment
• Business Planning Assignment
a. Case Study Assignment
The case study assignment will contribute for 70 per cent of the module assessment. It can be in the form of an essay or report and should be typed or word-processed; it should comprise no more than 1,500 words.
Aim
The aim of the individual case study is to show your understanding of a number of entrepreneurship concepts from the module and your ability to apply these in a meaningful, insightful and balanced way. The case study assignment emphasises an understanding and application of concepts you have studied in the module to analysing the entrepreneurial process, the role of the entrepreneur and entrepreneurial outcomes
“Timmons’ described successful entrepreneurs as ‘patient leaders, capable of instilling tangible visions and managing for the long haul. The entrepreneur is at once a learner and a teacher, a doer and a visionary.’ This is all very different from the charismatic hero much loved by folklore. Timmons talks about six dominant themes (‘core attributes’) for successful entrepreneurs and ‘desirable traits’:”
1. Leadership
2. Commitment and determination
3. Opportunity Obsession
4. Tolerance of risk, ambiguity and uncertainty
5. Creativity, self-reliance and ability to adapt
6. Motivation to excel
Alongside this he identifies some desirable traits:
1. Intelligence
2. Creativity & Innovation
3. Energy & Health
4. Emotional Stability
5. Capacity to inspire
6. Values
Adapted from: Entrepreneurship & Small Business, Burns, Palgrave Macmillan 3rd Ed, 2011:441. This is taken from the ‘Original Source’ (latest edition): New Venture Creation – Entrepreneurship for the 21st Century, Timmons & Spinelli, McGraw Hill 8th Edition, 2008
Required:
• Discuss briefly the terms entrepreneur and entrepreneurship.
• Select an ‘entrepreneur’ and illustrate with examples to what extent Timmons core and desirable attributes are applicable to them. You may tabulate your findings.
• Critically evaluate whether these attributes alone fully explain the successful launch and growth of your entrepreneurs venture. What other factors are critical?
• Based on your response and understanding of entrepreneurship following on from the module, what do you conclude about successfully launching and growing a new venture?
• How has this learning impacted you personally in terms of being an entrepreneur or more entrepreneurial?
You are reminded to make use of examples from your analysis and draw upon wider reading of the entrepreneurial literature, in your response.
Additional Guidance:
You can select an entrepreneur who has created a business or social enterprise and your research can be based on ‘desktop’ research or an interview. The entrepreneur need not be well known and you may use someone you know personally. Draw on multiple data sources, clearly reference your work and make use of theoretical frameworks and academic literature discussed through the module and wider reading. The aim is to demonstrate a thorough and grounded understanding of the entrepreneurial process.
Issues you may wish to consider in your analysis include (this is for guidance only):
• the background of the entrepreneur
• the source of the idea
• how the idea was translated into an opportunity
• the role of the entrepreneur(s) and how they coped with risk and uncertainty
• the role of the environment
• the role of social capital
• the types of resources used and how they were acquired
• the role of luck
Further guidance will be provided throughout the course of the module.
Assessment Criteria for Individual Case Study
At the highest level there is no ‘perfect solution’. However higher marks will be awarded for:
• Understanding & Analysis – identification and critical analysis of key issues, quality of reasoning, clear conclusions.
• Evidence of further reading – beyond lecture notes and core text.
• Use of relevant theories, frameworks and terminology.
• Creativity – in evaluation and presentation
• Structure, Style & Presentation of work – clear organisation, logical flow with appropriate use of tables, diagrams and appropriately referenced.
b. Business planning assignment
The business planning assignment will contribute 30 per cent of the overall module assessment.
The assignment is in the form of a business model evaluation and should be typed or word-processed; it should comprise no more than 1,000 words.
The appendices should not exceed 8 pages.
Assignment aims
The aim of the assignment is to show your understanding of a number of entrepreneurship concepts from the module and your ability to apply these in a meaningful, insightful and balanced way. The assignment emphasizes an understanding and application of concepts you have studied in the module to identify, develop and evaluate a business idea and distinguish an ‘idea’ from an ‘opportunity’.
Assignment task
Identify a potential business idea, explore this and construct a business model. Evaluate whether or not your business model is feasible.
The format of your final report will vary according to the nature of the business but it should typically include:
Product/Service Description (Business Concept)
Market Research
Financial projections (One year cash flow and profit and loss, break even, investment requirements)
Evaluation of the business model
Supporting Documents (where necessary)
Ensure that you clearly indicate how much investment would be needed to start the business. The business model should be as realistic as possible, keep assumptions to the minimum, including about your own skills and abilities.
The evaluation of the concept should address the following:
What are the strengths and weaknesses of the concept?
Is the business concept feasible?
Would you pursue this venture? Why or why not?
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
Many people have failed in their businesses due to lack of essential skills concerning entrepreneurship. When one has basic knowledge on entrepreneurship such as the role of entrepreneur, the possible challenges as well as how to tackle them, it leads to success in delving in a given business venture. This paper analyses different aspects of entrepreneurship such as the role of entrepreneur, and how to venture into business in a successful way. There is analysis of the Timmons core and desirable attributes and their applicability in entrepreneurship based on a case study. There is also analysis of how one can maneuver in a new business venture based on a business model. Aspects such as the feasibility of the business venture have been analyzed.
Entrepreneur and entrepreneurship
According to Millán, Congregado, Román et al (2014) an entrepreneur is a person who develops a business idea, acquires the necessary resources and runs such a business. Such a person is usually responsible for the success or failure of the business. For an entrepreneur to be successful in a given business venture, they must be able to articulate some viable attributes in relation to the entrepreneurial ecosystem. This idea emanates from the consideration that; a business does not exist in a vacuum. The entrepreneurial environment plays a great role in influencing success or failure of a given business venture. The entrepreneur must therefore not take for granted the prevailing environment, but must put it into consideration as they move along with management of the business.
Entrepreneurship entails the process of starting a given business venture. Millán, Congregado, Román et al (2014) clarify that; before the start of such a venture, the entrepreneur must have conceived an idea of the idea. Entrepreneurship also involves assembling the required resources. These do not just include monetary resources but may have also to involve personnel. Entrepreneurship also entails managing the given business venture to ensure its success. This idea is based on the consideration that; no entrepreneur starts a business venture with the aim of seeing it fail. But still, for such a business idea to succeed, the entrepreneur must put in the necessary efforts and skills.
Case study
A case study of a well known entrepreneur has led to understanding of applicability of Timmons core and desirable values. The entrepreneur in question is here is Steve Jobs, the founder of Apple. This entrepreneur came to be known in the whole world following his entrepreneurial skills which led to development and maintenance of a global business that withstood the test of hard economic times as well as other business hardships. The skills exercised by this globally known entrepreneur cannot be said to have emanated from business schooling, rather they are associated with his innate traits that perfectly orient to business, as well as his past experience in undertakings that were related to the ventures he came to take.
Through his savings coupled with contribution from his partner, the Apple Company was started. The vision of this entrepreneur was oriented to seeing that the products would change the way people communicate in the whole world. It is such kind of vision that saw the success of this company, and which many entrepreneurs today ought to emulate regardless of the orientation of their businesses.. Timmons core and desirable attributes of an entrepreneur are applicable to this entrepreneur as shown in this table.
leadership
Entrepreneurial trait of leadership has been manifested in this entrepreneur in the way he made leadership in the company. As it is understood, it is not always that leadership is demonstrated in words. Steve Jobs entrepreneurial trait of leadership could be analyzed in terms of the way he set good example as a leader to the employees in his business especially in articulating the quality of hard work.
Commitment and determination
The trait of commitment and determination is manifested in the undertakings of Steve Jobs in the way the way he managed to keep his business afloat despite many challenges that are inescapable in every given business. It is this commitment and determination that saw him come up with gadgets that were not envisioned by any one before and keep measure in place to ensure that they reach the targeted destinations. This determination also enabled him to come up with varieties of the gadgets in a bid to match different needs of different people.
Opportunity obsession
Opportunity obsession in Steve Jobs is manifested in his seizing of the opportunity that he saw in the need for communication especially in the modern world. It is realization of this opportunity that saw Steve Jobs put efforts in ensuring that he comes up with devices that are capable of solving the rising needs of communication
Tolerance of risk, ambiguity and uncertainty
This is manifested in the investment in electronic devices especially in the initial stages whereby; there was no certainty of the outcome.
Creativity, self-reliance and ability to adapt
It is creativity that saw Steve Jobs envision his devices being used allover he world. .
Motivation to excel
Motivation to excel saw Steve Jobs put efforts in coming up with devices that match the need of communication in the modern world. This is more so especially in coming up with highly portable devices.
This entrepreneur demonstrates desirable traits necessary in success of entrepreneurship. For instance, the trait of intelligence is highly demonstrated. Ankeny (2014) proposes that; intelligence is a very much viable trait when it comes to entrepreneurship. It is this intelligence that saw continued existence of this business venture and in a highly successful way despite the many other businesses of this caliber. The trait of creativity is demonstrated in this entrepreneur in the sense that there were efforts to come up with a device that matches a given need for particular groups of people.
These factors are not exhaustive when it comes to entrepreneurship. This idea emanates from the realization that; depending on the nature of business, there is always need to embrace different attributes to ensure success. For instance, creativity must take different angles when it comes to different business venture. Millán, Congregado, Román et al (2014) maintain that; there must also be deliberate seeking of more knowledge concerning business. In the case of this entrepreneur, there should be more efforts of ensuring additional knowledge. This idea is based on the consideration that; the business world keeps changing and therefore entrepreneurs must always be in the front line when it comes to additional studies concerning business.
Many people may be tempted to think that nothing more would have been needed in Steve Jobs, but no one knows how more education would have impacted him in terms of improving his entrepreneurship. It is therefore, crucial that; entrepreneurs attend conferences or even join classes of business studies that will ensure expansion of their business knowledge. Such entrepreneurs should ensure the same for the workers so that they reap the benefit of having highly knowledgeable workers.
Successfully launching and growing a new venture
Many people, including entrepreneurs take for granted the process of launching and growing new venture. As Ankeny (2014) found out; in order for one to be successful in launching and maintain a new venture, they must be articulate in coming up with the business idea. The idea should be based on reality in the ground and not on fantasies. When one has ensured that the idea is viable through a feasibility test or survey, it is crucial that they come up with the strategies of ensuring its launching. For instance, select a strategic positioning f the business. The entrepreneur must ensure that they acquire and maintain human personnel. Many people are tempted to think that as long as one has monetary resources, it is enough for a successful launch of a business. One must have the right human personnel to ensure success. Such human personnel must be well selected in terms of their education level, ability and willingness to serve the purpose.
When an entrepreneur gets the right personnel as required, they ought to ensure that they employ strategies of maintain them. For instance, reasonable remuneration goes a long way in ensuring that the entrepreneur does not lose the good workers. Incentives for motivating the workers also ensure that they employ good performance. To ensure successful launching and growing of a new venture, the entrepreneur must ensure an availability of required materials. For instance, if the business requires transportation, there must be an availability of transportation facilities. There must be an accumulation of adequate capital to ensure that the business kicks up in good momentum.
It is crucial that entrepreneur ensures utilization of the unique advantage of the business. This idea is pegged on the consideration that; when one is coming up with a business idea, they must ensure that there is an element of uniqueness in the venture. This aspect is what the entrepreneur must then seek to utilize in order to maximize on profitability. For instance, if the business attracts more sales in a given period of time, such time must be made use of in the highest way possible.
The entrepreneur must ensure good organization and coordination. This idea is pegged on the trait of an entrepreneur hat touches on leadership. The entrepreneur is a leader who must lead by example. A good organization and coordination of a business ensures a success of the venture. In order to ensure success, the entrepreneur must ensure that the business keeps congruency to the culture of the society. This ensures that the business gets maximum customers which translate to success.
The learning in this course is very much influential because it gives one insights in to the way to become a successful entrepreneur. Articulation of elements of this success such as the core and necessary traits of an entrepreneur as well as the strategies f ensuring success in venturing into a new business, lead to better knowledge and enthusiasm in the entrepreneurial world.
Business planning
The conceived business idea involves provision of computer training services. This idea is based on the realization that; there is increased demand for computer knowledge in the modern world. It is realized that, many people have deficits in one area of computer operation or the other. Other people do not have the idea of operating such useful devices. Pisano (2015) suggests that; in coming up with business ideas, one must consider the available opportunities
The conceived business idea would therefore involve customizing the service to the needs of the individual client. For instance, those that have an idea in one area and not the other would be taken through the course on the part that they lack knowledge. There would also be flexibility in offering the services to match the different timings of clients. For instance, the people who cannot be able to come for the services in daytime due to work or other commitments would be attended at their convenient time. This aspect is in the realization of many commitments ailing people that make them not to be able to get time for some increased knowledge in the usual hours. In consideration of such commitments, there would be more flexibility in the services such that, there would be offering of coaching at one’s required place at extra charges. This would allow people to receive coaching in the comfort of their homes or at relaxation places. Such flexible offer of services would on the other hand provide extra income due to the extra cost associated with them. However, it is realized that; this kind of business requires heavy investment especially with the flexible services. For instance, there would be need for extra workers to cater for the offering of services outside the business premises. Laptops would be required for the venture as well as an office location for contact.
Market research for this business venture would delve in the availability of customers for such services and if they are willing to pay enough for the services such that the business is viably sustained. Pisano (2015) maintains that; such market survey would also entail the cost of needed implements. These would include computers and software. There would also be exploration of the success rates of similar or oriented kind of businesses so as to ascertain the areas that need innovation for more success.
Financial projections
Financial projections in this business model touch on the cash received from the services offered and the costs incurred in buying the implements as well as offering the services. There is a complication in accounting for this kind of business venture due to the realization that there is a huge sum required in the initial investment stage. But the good thing is that the implements bought would serve for a long time while generating profits. There would therefore not be an accumulation of profits in the initial stages; rather, there will be a lapse of time before real profit is generated. It is therefore conclusive that; this kind of business venture requires huge investment as well as patience in waiting for the reach o f profitability stage.
Analysis of the expected cash flow and the expected costs would suggest that within the first one year there would be break even. This is whereby; the business would have been able to pay up all the required cost. There would be cash in but no profit would have been made. This is mainly due to the initial cost of buying electronic implements for the venture. At such point, there would be no profit neither would there be loss. This is as seen in appendix 1
One year cash flow
This is estimated to be as shown in appendix 2
Analysis of the business model
The business model adopted is as seen in appendix 3. The strengths of this business concept touch on its orientation towards realistic needs in today’s world. The world today is revolving around technology and therefore, it is crucial that everyone gets knowledge concerning computer application which enables one to interact with the world as well as carry out much functionality which is useful in business and in day to day life. Therefore, basing a business venture on such need makes it very strong and able to fetch a high market hence its success. Strength in this business model touches on the flexibility of services. The services are to be flexible such that it is possible to accommodate as many customers as possible. Haslam, Tsitsianis, Andersson (2015) assert that; when a service orients to the needs of the customers, it is highly viable and the chances of its success are usually very high. In this model, there is consideration of competencies. In regard to this, the entrepreneur involved, has knowledge concerning the service being offered. There must also be consideration of competency of the employees to be utilized, not only in offering the service required in the business but also in having business knowledge such that they are able to generate income.
In view of this business model, there must be good management f the business. This touches on management of the utilities as well as the personnel involved in the business. Haslam, Tsitsianis, Andersson (2015) note that; in management, one ought to implement the core trait of leadership in successful business management. The product involved is the services being offered. Revenue is expected to be collected from the offering of such services in a flexible manner. In view of this model, there ought to be a wide distribution of the services, but in a controlled manner such that the extended distribution brings in more profits.
However, there is weakness in terms of the initial cost required. The initial cost is high due to the need to buy electronic devices and also payment of initial cost of rent. There is also weakness in terms of the fragility of devices to be used. For instance, it is easy to incur losses from computer breakage or theft. However, this business concept is feasible because; the expected profit far much surpasses the costs involved. In consideration of the long term profit, it would be viable to pursue this venture.
Appendices
Appendix1
Appendix 2
Cash at start 5000
Cash in
Sales in cash——3000
Sales in credit —–500
Cash going out
Inventory ——4500
Rent —200
Wages —2000
Insurance—100
Ads ——-100
appendix 3
References
ANKENY, J 2014, ‘YOU WIN SOME, YOU LOSE SOME’, Entrepreneur, 42, 3, pp. 64-70, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 July 2015.
Haslam, C., Tsitsianis, N., Andersson, T., & Gleadle, P. (2015). Accounting for Business Models: Increasing the Visibility of Stakeholders. Journal Of Business Models, 3(1), 62-80.
Millán, J, Congregado, E, Román, C, van Praag, M, & van Stel, A 2014, ‘The value of an educated population for an individual’s entrepreneurship success’, Journal Of Business Venturing, 29, 5, pp. 612-632, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 July 2015.
PISANO, GP 2015, ‘YOU NEED AN INNOVATION STRATEGY’, Harvard Business Review, 93, 6, pp. 44-54, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 7 July 2015.
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Diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders; Asthma
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Diagnosis and Management of Respiratory Disorders
Respiratory disorders such as pneumonia and asthma are among the leading causes of hospitalization in pediatric patients (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). With such severe implications associated with many respiratory disorders, advanced practice nurses must be able to quickly identify symptoms, diagnose patients, and recommend appropriate treatment. For this Discussion, consider potential diagnoses and treatments for the patients in the following the respiratory Disorders
Case Study
Brian is a 14-year-old known asthmatic with a 2-day history of worsening cough and shortness of breath. He reports using a short-acting beta agonist every 3 hours over the previous 24 hours. He has a long-acting inhaled corticosteroid, but the prescription ran out, and he forgot to get it refilled. He says he came today because he woke up at 2 a.m. coughing and couldn’t stop, thus preventing him from going back to sleep. Over-the-counter cough suppressants don’t help. He denies cigarette smoking, but his clothing smells like smoke. His respiratory rate is 18 and he has prolonged expiration and expiratory wheezes in all lung fields. There are no signs of dyspnea. All other exam findings are normal. (This asthma exacerbation in adolescent).
To prepare:
• Review Respiratory Disorders in the Burns et al. text.
• Review the provided case studies. Analyze the patient information.
• Consider a differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study. Think about the most likely diagnosis for the patient.
• Think about a treatment and management plan for the patient. Be sure to consider appropriate dosages for any recommended pharmacologic and/or non-pharmacologic treatments.
• Consider strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of the respiratory disorder.
Assignment paper
Write 2 pages on
1) An explanation of these three differential diagnosis for the patient in the case study. (Asthma exacerbation, bronchiolitis, and laryngeal foreign body aspiration).
2) Explain which is the most likely diagnosis for the patient and why. (asthma exacerbation) Include an explanation of unique characteristics of this disorder you identified as the primary diagnosis.
3) Then, explain a treatment and management plan for the patient with asthmatic exacerbation including appropriate dosages for any recommended treatments.
4) Finally, explain strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management for asthma exacerbation.
REFERENCES RECOMMENDED FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT (Please refer to the textbook
• Burns, C. E., Dunn, A. M., Brady, M. A., Starr, N. B., & Blosser, C. G. (2013). Pediatric primary care (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
o Chapter 31, “Respiratory Disorders” (pp. 708–738) and page 497-516 talks mostly on asthma and management)
this chapter covers the anatomy and physiology of the upper and lower respiratory tracts. It then explores assessment and management strategies for respiratory disorders including upper respiratory tract disorders, extrathoracic and intrathoracic airway disorders, and pectus deformity.
these reports provided by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute present guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children from infancy through adolescence. The pathophysiology of asthma, measures of assessment and monitoring, control of environmental factors, and medication are also covered.
• Dexamethasone for Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Children: A Meta-analysis by Keeney, G.E., Gray, M.P., Morrison, A.K., Levas, M.N., Kessler, E.A., Hill, G.D., Gorelick, M.H., & Jackson J.L. in Pediatrics, 133(3): 493–499.
Copyright 2014 by American Academy of Pediatrics – Journals. Reprinted by permission of American Academy of Pediatrics – Journals via the Copyright Clearance Center.
• Mold, J.W., Fox, C., Wisniewski, A., Lipman, P.D., Krauss, M.R., Harris, D.R., Aspy, C., Cohen, R.A., Elward, K., Frame, P., Yawn, B.P., Solberg, L.I., & Gonin, R. Implementing asthma guidelines using practice facilitation and local learning collaboratives: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of family Medicine, 12(3), 233-240. Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Diagnosis and management of respiratory disorders
Asthma is the commonest respiratory disorder for kids. For Brian, the 14-year-old patient in the case study, three differential diagnoses for him are asthma exacerbation, bronchiolitis, and laryngeal foreign body aspiration. Asthma exacerbation: the major symptoms of this condition include coughing, a tight chest, shortness of breath, and wheezing (Keeney et al., 2014). Bronchiolitis: this is a common disease of the respiratory tract and is brought about by an infection which affects bronchioles – minuscule airways – which lead to the lungs. Bronchiolitis usually happens in the initial two years of life. Symptoms include being irritable, short pauses in breathing, persistent dry cough and rasping, wheezing, and vomiting after feeding (Burns et al., 2013). Laryngeal foreign body aspiration: kids who aspirate a foreign body at first usually present chocking and afterwards exhibit symptoms of respiratory syndrome. This condition is regarded as a differential diagnosis for asthma. Symptoms include gasping, coughing, chocking, and respiratory distress (Burns et al., 2013).
Of the three, asthma exacerbation is the most likely diagnosis for this patient. This is because the symptoms exhibited by the patient match with those of asthma exacerbations. In the case study, Brian has a 2-day history of worsening cough as well as shortness of breath. He woke up today with a persistent cough and he also has wheezes. All these symptoms – breathing faster, wheezing, persistent coughing, shortness of breath – are clear indications of asthma exacerbations (Mold et al., 2014). For the patient with asthmatic exacerbation, a treatment and management plan includes the following:
Management of children aged above 12 years and adults
Medication
Dosage
Description
Pharmacological intervention
Short-acting beta 2 agonists
· An inhaled, short-acting beta-2 agonist
· Use 2 or more canisters of beta2 agonists every months or 10-12 puffs daily
Short-acting beta2 agonists usually work very fast and offer symptomatic relief (Keeney et al., 2014)
Inhaled corticosteroids
· Optimal dosages are 80 mg or less daily of methylprednisolone or 400 mg or less daily of hydrocortisone
Inhaled corticosteroids should be taken regularly where: symptoms disturb sleep every week, Beta2 agonists are being utilized over 2 times every week, and a kid has an asthma attack in the past 2 years necessitating systemic corticosteroids (Mold et al., 2014)
Intravenous Salbutamol MDI with spacer
· 5 mg in 2 ml of normal saline every 20 minutes in the first hour
Patients who receive intravenous salbutamol have to be in a setting in which there is continuous cardiac monitoring (Burns et al., 2013)
Non-pharmacological intervention
· Avoid exposure to cigarette/tobacco smoke
· Allergen immunotherapy should be considered for patients whose asthma symptoms are clearly connected to exposure to allergens (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2007).
It is worth mentioning that managing and treating asthma in children entails an appreciation of the existing treatment practice and a readiness to support and educate the asthmatic children and their close relatives in the longer-term. The strategies for educating patients and families on the treatment and management of asthma exacerbation entail providing smoking cessation advice to the child and caregivers/family members. This is important since passive or direct smoking decreases lung function and raises the need for rescue medication as well as long-term preventer treatment (Burns et al., 2013). Allergen avoidance should be included in the education: the patient may be allergic to pets and/or house dust mite. There could be pet allergy and it is sensible not to have a dog or a cat in the house since domestic pets may trigger an asthma attack. Physical and chemical techniques of house dust mite avoidance may trigger asthma exacerbations and should be avoided (Mold et al., 2014). Other trigger avoidance suggestions for the family include removal of soft toys from the bed, removal of carpets, washing of bed linen using high-temperature, improve ventilation, and using total bed-covering barrier systems. Education also includes encouraging adherence to asthma action plan to control asthma daily.
References
Burns, C. E., Dunn, A. M., Brady, M. A., Starr, N. B., & Blosser, C. G. (2013). Chapter 31, “Respiratory Disorders”. Pediatric primary care (5th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier.
Keeney, G.E., Gray, M.P., Morrison, A.K., Levas, M.N., Kessler, E.A., Hill, G.D., Gorelick, M.H., & Jackson J.L. (2014). Dexamethasone for Acute Asthma Exacerbations in Children: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 133(3): 493–499.
Mold, J.W., Fox, C., Wisniewski, A., Lipman, P.D., Krauss, M.R., Harris, D.R., Aspy, C., Cohen, R.A., Elward, K., Frame, P., Yawn, B.P., Solberg, L.I., & Gonin, R. (2014). Implementing asthma guidelines using practice facilitation and local learning collaboratives: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of family Medicine, 12(3), 233-240
