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Crisis Management Essay Paper Available Here

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Crisis Management
Organizational leaders often see crisis as a uniformly negative event that should be avoided at all costs. They often focus crisis management efforts on trying to predict every negative situation that could possibly occur and developing a plan to avoid them. Such an approach is impractical according to researchers Antonacopoulou and Sheafer (2011) because unexpected crises are an inevitable part of business. Moreover, they propose “a dynamic view of learning and crisis as central to manage¬ment and organization practices” (p. 4). Crises, they say, not only happen during large-scale disasters but also occur on a smaller scale each time someone is pressured to make a decision for which prior solutions are inadequate. These situations force people to “make new connections” among existing knowledge to arrive at novel solutions. Research such as this suggests that crises can be learning opportunities.

To prepare, identify a crisis the organization that you chose for your SSP (Apple Inc.) has faced in the past, a crisis that it is currently facing, or a crisis that a competitor in that industry has faced that your selected organization may face in the future.

Write a 4 paragraph (2 page word document minimum) explanation of the crisis that you selected and a crisis management response recommendation. Include an analysis of

– the ethical implications of that recommendation.

– Reference at least one scholarly peer-reviewed resource in your recommendation.

Resources:

• Senge, P., Smith, B., Kruschwitz, N., Laur, J., & Schley, S. (2008). The necessary revolution: Working together to create a sustainable world. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
o Chapter 19, “Innovation Inspired by Living Systems” (pp. 285–291)

In Chapter 19, the authors highlight printing and photocopying company Xerox’s “Lakes Project.” The authors explain the innovation that was inspired by living systems after several employees spent time observing natural living systems. The author demonstrates how companies have connected nature’s approach, also known as systems thinking, to their business and product development models.
o Chapter 20, “Unleashing Everyday Magic” (pp. 292–301)

In Chapter 20, the authors suggest that a shift from a negative outlook to a positive outlook regarding sustainability is required. The authors stress that becoming part of the solution instead of ruminating about problems that lie ahead for businesses requires optimism. The authors remind readers of the lack of success of many well-known “anti” campaigns and caution against the act of demonizing those who are perceived as having done wrong. They suggest that necessary changes occur most effectively if approached with positive attitudes and feelings of empowerment.
o Chapter 22, “From Low-Hanging Fruit to New Strategic Possibilities” (pp. 310–323)

In Chapter 22, the authors provide strategies and examples to help companies move from making small sustainable changes to escalating their efforts toward larger sustainable solutions. The authors purport that for those companies whose main product offering is not in alignment with sustainable futures, it is still possible to change course to harness emerging business opportunities.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Crisis Management

Crisis faced by Apple Inc’s competitor BlackBerry Limited

A crisis is basically anything that can damage the financial performance of an organization; that can threaten a significant business unit or product line; can harm the well-being and health of staffs, consumers, the environment, or surrounding communities; or can destroy the trust of the public in an organization, or can destroy the organization’s image, and reputation. The selected company is Apple Inc., which operates in the Electronic Equipment industry and is well-known for its iPhone smartphones. In the smartphones business, one of Apple’s direct competitors is BlackBerry Limited.

In the year 2013, BlackBerry Limited faced a crisis that Apple Inc may face in the future. Hamblen (2013) reported that BlackBerry’s senior managers would seek a review by Canadian and American securities officers of what it referred to as a misleading and false report by Detwiler Fenton, an investment analyst. Following a research, Detwiler reported that in several cases, the returns of Blackberry Z10 smartphones are more than sales, a phenomenon that has never been observed previously (Hamblen, 2013). BlackBerry stated that the statistics of return rate reveal that the company is below or at its forecast and actually in proportion to the industry. Suggesting otherwise, according to the firm’s officials, is either willful manipulation or gross misinterpretation of the data. BlackBerry added that Detwiler’s conclusion is totally with no basis and that the company would challenge it (Hamblen, 2013).

All in all, BlackBerry’s officials stated that Detwiler’s findings that its smartphones were being returned in very high numbers was absolutely false, and that they would seek an Ontario Securities Commission and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission review. BlackBerry specified that Z10 sales are actually meeting expectations and data gathered from its carrier and retail partners shows that consumers are satisfied with their BlackBerry Z10 devices (Hamblen, 2013). In essence, this misleading and false report said that customers are returning BlackBerry’s Z10 smartphones in very high numbers. Market reaction to this report by Detwiler resulted in a 7.8 percent decline in the company’s stock a week later, down to $13.55 a share (Hamblen, 2013). This crisis greatly threatened the reputation and image of BlackBerry Limited. Such a crisis involving misleading and false report is one that Apple Inc. may face in future.

Crisis management response recommendation

If Apple Inc faces such a crisis in future, it is recommended that its senior managers tell the truth regarding the incidence and tell it speedily (Senge et al., 2008). In general, an organization has less than 24 hours to speak out its version of the truth. After that, external stakeholders especially the media would have tapped into tertiary and secondary experts who would have their own viewpoints with regard to what has occurred. The ethical implication of this recommendation is that the organization should not lie to the media reporters and to the public. If indeed there were many Apple product – for instance iPhones – returns, the company should say so to the media reporters and to other external stakeholders. It is notable that today’s world is one in which the truth could be revealed very fast. A manager being caught telling lies about his or her company’s inappropriate actions or lying about sales can really devastate his or her organization (Senge et al., 2008). Generally, an attempted cover-up could turn a media reporter into a folk hero. There could be a huge payoff for revealing wrongdoing of an organization.

References

Hamblen, M. (2013). BlackBerry, in latest crisis, says report of high Z10 returns is ‘false.’ Computer World. Retrieved from http://www.computerworld.com/article/2496596/smartphones/blackberry–in-latest-crisis–says-report-of-high-z10-returns-is–false-.html

Senge, P., Smith, B., Kruschwitz, N., Laur, J., & Schley, S. (2008). The necessary revolution: Working together to create a sustainable world. New York, NY: Broadway Books.

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Advocating for Victim Services Assignment

Advocating for Victim Services

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Application: Advocating for Victim Services
Only about 9% of serious violent crime victims received direct assistance in terms of help or advice from a victim service agency from 1993 to 2009 (U.S. Department of Justice, 2011). Although social scientists and mental health professionals have done a great deal of work to identify victims’ needs and develop treatment strategies, in the majority of victimization cases no services are provided, either because they are not available or the victim does not seek help.

This week you assessed the needs of victims and researched services that might help their situation. The next step is for you to write a letter to your governor or local lawmakers, articulating those needs and services to policy makers in such a way that they can and will develop a plan of action to make modern victim services a reality. You can use real life examples of victim’s sufferings, a cost benefit model, or both, but your letter should make a convincing case on behalf of victims.

For this Assignment, consider the following crime:

In the local Gruffson district of Peopletown, evidence of a hate crime has surfaced. A 21-year-old recent immigrant from Haiti was found in an alley with severe wounds to his head and body. When the victim was found by garbage collectors early yesterday morning, swelling had rendered his face almost unrecognizable.

Police believe that the man spent the night lying in the alley following a ruthless beating at the hands of a group. Based on early reports, the man heard the attackers yelling, “Go home go home!” as they kicked, punched and pelted him with rocks. The man’s limited English prevented him from understanding the other words of his attackers. Police are treating the incident as a hate crime.

Anti-immigrant graffiti has appeared throughout the neighborhood in recent months and residents indicate that a group of young local men has drawn attention from the authorities for disturbances and harassment of immigrants in public parks in at bus stops

Then read the sample letters on the link

http://www.hrw.org/news/2011/03/28/coalition-letter-support-student-non-discrimination-act

and consider the most effective arguments you can use to persuade lawmakers to support victim services.

The Assignment (3 pages):
• Explain the services currently available in your state (New Jersey) for the victim of hate crime above.
• Explain services not available in your state that might be beneficial for the victim, or recommend revisions or enhancements to existing services.
• Using the sample provided, create a letter to the governor of your state (New Jersey) or local lawmakers explaining what services should be available and explain why.

Support your Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources

SAMPLE ANSWER

Advocating For Victims Services

Hate crimes are ideally traumatizing to the victims. Victims facing such forms of anti-social behavior live with fear, uncertainty and tension. Hate crimes and other social as are confrontational and do promote social hostility within the community. Such acts jeopardize active and open pursuit of opportunity and freedom. Hate crimes mirror a rotten behavior on the society which compromise religious, ethnic and racial heritage of community members. Hate crime can be defined as any unlawful act done in a way to suggest that there is an intention to victimize an individual because of his perceived or actual race, religion, gender ethnicity or sexual orientation (Turpin-Petrosino, 2015). Unlawful act can present itself in form of criminal mischief, harassment, aggravated assault or in any other form of crime punishable by law. In New Jersey, hate crimes suspect are tried under State’s Bias Intimidation Statute.

However this paper provides insights of both existing and no-existing services that might for victims of hate crimes in New Jersey. On the same note, create a letter to the gorenor of New Jersey explaining services that should be available and the underlying reason why such services are imperative in helping victims of Hate Crimes.

Even though it is imperative to punish and educate those involved in hate crimes. Consequently, it is quite important to provide services to the victims of hate crimes. Such services help the victims to cope with many physical, emotional and financial losses incurred as a result of such crimes. And as such helps the victims overcome the trauma of the hate crime.

In New Jersey, victims of hate crimes are helped by religious groups, outreach groups and community organizations who offer guidance and counseling. To help such victims of hate crimes overcome the trauma and psychological torture after being beaten and robbed by hate crime perpetrators. These organizations are also in the forefront in educating hate crime target groups on safety from law enforcement agencies or community based organizations, violence prevention and discrimination. Such education programs help suggest ways of handling hate crimes if they occur and also prepare target groups of victimization to avoid confrontation and thus preventing the occurrence of hate crime.

Law enforcement agencies also play a central role in preventing victims of hate crimes from being victimized all over again. They inform community members through education and awareness visibility. Law enforcement agencies also punish the perpetrators of such crimes in order to discourage such acts from occurring again.

Volunteer groups offer financial aids to the victims of hate crimes to help them overcome their psychological torture and collect the pieces to start life afresh. The victim’s medical bills are settled and a competitive lawyer is hired to help them in their case in the court of law. Such community services help the victims feel appreciated in the community despite the racial, gender or ethnic differences.

The district attorney provides a witness aid services for victims of hate crimes. Such aids help to gather for court related services, social services in addition to counseling services for crime victims, families and witnesses (Turpin-Petrosino, 2015). The District attorney also provides valuable information relating to the prosecution of the case. On the other hand, they help the victims to understand the criminal justice system. Finally, they also inform the victims of their rights in the case.

However, be as it may, victims of hate crimes require many services than the existing services. Individual assistance in providing comfort, education and open discussion still need o be enhanced. Such services help the victims and the families of such victims cope with the situation faster and in the most appropriate manner.

Letter of support for victims of hate crimes covered under state’s bias intimidation statute

Dear Governor

As a resident of your district, Gruffson, peopletown. I am writing this letter to urge you to provide services that are quite essential and can help prevent hate crimes within the neighborhood. It is of profound interest that the state should provide policing services to help prevent hate crimes based on a resident perceived or actual race, ethnic group or their religious background. Such vulnerable group needs explicit police protections. Regular policing within the district is quite important to prevent the underlying crimes and also hate crimes.

The resident of my district who are not natives are living in constant fear of being harassed based on their race and ethnic groups. Ethnic tension is on the rise and people have fear of walking in the night because of insecurity. Recently, a 21-year-old immigrant of Haiti was severely beaten at the hands of a group and left him with severe wounds to his head and body. The immigrant was a victim of hate crime and the perpetrators yelled at him to “go home”. And as such, immigrants living in Gruffson district are seeped with fear and are requesting increase in patrol. Especially in the night to prevent them from being victimized based on their ethnic groups.

We are requesting also that, Perpetrators of hate crimes should also be punished more severely to discourage resident from engaging in hate crimes within the district. We therefore, urge you to support us and help combat these heinous hate crimes by increasing support in our district

Sincerely,

(Insert Name)

References

Turpin-Petrosino, C. (2015). Understanding Hate Crimes: Acts, Motives, Offenders, Victims, and Justice. Routledge.

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America’s three branches of government

America’s three branches of government differ in many ways. Write an essay discussing how they differ in terms of accommodation, deliberation, and accountability.

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America’s three branches of government differ in many ways. Write an essay discussing how they differ in terms of accommodation, deliberation, and accountability. In other words:

1) How much accommodation has to be made for
each branch to reach a decision?

2) How much deliberation goes into the making of
decisions within each branch? and

3) How much input from the public goes into each branch’s decisions, and how can the public hold each branch accountable for its decisions?

SAMPLE ANSWER

America’s three branches of government

America’s three branches of government differ in many ways. Write an essay discussing how they differ in terms of accommodation, deliberation, and accountability. In other words:

1) How much accommodation has to be made for each branch to reach a decision?

For any organization to be able to function properly, it needs it various departments to work in synch and not engage in unnecessary competition. A business benefits when the department work to complement each other in the knowledge that combined the make a more formidable force as opposed to individually. The same is true about governance and its operatives. The executive, judiciary and legislature – Congress, must exist independently yet depend on each other for their smooth operation and ultimate success in delivering their mandate (van, de Kerkhof, 2006). The legislature needs the judiciary to implement the laws passed and the executive to enforce the said laws.

On their part, the judiciary expects the legislature to be a bit sensitive to the environment when they consider the laws they pass. Similarly, the executive must enforce the laws humanly otherwise they will be at cross-purposes with the judiciary. The interaction between the branches begets a complex web of relationships all based on the knowledge that for each branch and the government to succeed – deliver improved life to citizens, then all branches have to accommodate each other (van, de Kerkhof, 2006). In accommodation, each branch acknowledges the important role played by the other and actively engages in actions that promote inter-branch operations.

When Congress or the executive act or engage in actions that are contrary to the constitution, it is the responsibility of the Judiciary to protect the citizens. If Congress or the Executive had only taken time to consult and appreciate the constitutionality of each of the actions, instances when the Supreme Court kicks out laws for being unconstitutional would be greatly minimized if not eliminated (van, de Kerkhof, 2006). For example, in the Brown v. Board of Education, the courts reversed the earlier Plessy v. Ferguson, which had given legal backing for having racially segregated public facilities. Despite the courts hiding behind the 14^th Amendment, the biggest pressure must have come from Congress and the Executive which wanted segregation ended for political reasons.

2) How much deliberation goes into the making of decisions within each branch?

Within each branch are a number of stakeholders with real and imagined stake in the success of the branch. From elected, selected to employed persons, each branch has individuals seeking individual improvement while at the same time seeking branch development. As a result in each branch, the most effective and beneficial decision are those entered to after deliberation. Deliberation entails allowing all stakeholders to express their views before coming to a final decision.

In congress, laws can only be passed when deliberative politics is practiced. Deliberative politics involves allowing all including dissenting voices an opportunity to express their objections. By then allowing the issue to be decided by a vote with the majority winning, congress epitomizes the use of deliberation in decision making. With time even those who get defeated, get to understand the dynamics of Congress and have laws that they are passionate about passed due to understanding and engaging in deliberations (Honig,, 2007).

In the judiciary, when decisions have to be made in criminal and civil cases, the constitution provides for trial by a ‘jury of one’s peers’ (Gastil, John, and Phillip J. Weiser, 2006). This jury then gets to listen to the evidence to and against while being guided by a learned person – on the intricacies on justice. In the end, the decision that is arrived at is one that needs deliberation to get. In cases one party is not happy with a decision; they are allowed to appeal the decision to a higher court. The Supreme Court – the highest court in the land makes its decision by relying on deliberations. Having an odd number of judges means that even when they do not deliberate, they still do not stagnate and can still keep the operations running.

In the executive, the president is the leader and gets to make the final decisions. However, in many administrations and in a habit most probably picked during campaigns, deliberations play a central role in the operations of the executive. When vote hunting, the constitution demands that each presidential candidate declare their running mate – vice president. Given the contribution, when finally in office, it is prudent that the president consult the vice president as a matter of courtesy and realization of election pledges and attainment of a smooth succession when the time comes. It is the desire of each leader to have a smooth transition not to mention someone who will ensure their projects succeed.

3) How much input from the public goes into each branch’s decisions, and how can the public hold each branch accountable for its decisions?

Within each branch, public participation is a very important component of how the branch operates. In Congress, public participation is achieved in two ways. Congress holds all its activities in public making the public fully aware of what they are doing. Given that the senators and representatives are but representative of the people, it is deemed that when they ask questions, they are a voice of the people. Secondly, when a committee of Congress engages in an act of interrogating a public issue or public servant appointee, it conducts this session in public and actively seeks the public assistance in providing background information. Politics is all about activity public participation in decision making.

The judiciary also does apply public participation in its operations. The input from the public in the judiciary is mainly in performing jury duty (Gastil, John, and Phillip J. Weiser, 2006). On the unique characteristics of the American justice system is the use of jury’s to hear cases. This way the public is able to contribute by being the main actors and their decision thus becomes the basis for the judge in deciding the appropriate sentence. Additionally, when the prison services are considering paroling a prisoner, they ask for petitions from the victims of the crime they were convicted for. Part of the government’s desire it to have released prisoners be remorseful of their action, rehabilitated and ready to reintegrate in to the society. When the society or prisoner is not ready, the strategy fails.

On its part the executive could be called the most public sensitive of the three branches. This could be from the fact that the occupant of the office has to get elected universal suffrage and thus needs to understand what the public wants. For example, when former First Lieutenants’ supporters launched an online petition, they knew that if they could get 100,000 signatures within 30 days, White House would have respond – it has a policy to respond to all petitions that get 100,000 or more signatures within 30 day (Tan, 2015)

Works Cited:

Gastil, John, and Phillip J. Weiser. “Jury Service as an Invitation to Citizenship: Assessing the Civic Value of Institutionalized Deliberation.” Policy Studies Journal 34.4 (2006): 605 27. ProQuest. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.

Honig, Bonnie. “Between Decision and Deliberation: Political Paradox in Democratic Theory.” The American Political Science Review101.1 (2007): 1-17. ProQuest. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.

Tan, Michelle. “Petition Forces White House Response for Imprisoned LT” Army Times: A Gannet Company. 21 Jan. 2015. Accessed 16 March 2015 from

http://www.armytimes.com/story/military/2015/01/19/lorance-murder-white-house-petition/22014195/

van, de Kerkhof. “Making a Difference: On the Constraints of Consensus Building and the Relevance of Deliberation in Stakeholder Dialogues.” Policy Sciences 39.3 (2006): 279 99. ProQuest. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.

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Communication design Essay Assignment

Communication design

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Communication design

SAMPLE ANSWER

Thesis

The advent of globalization has to some extent affected every aspect of humanity in the 20th and 21st century era. The genesis of the new wave of technology in specific has resulted in making the world a smaller place. With the rise of multinational corporations, negative environmental implications have been experienced among some countries. With these factors, it is extremely challenging to get a proper definition of globalization. Due to the mixed effects that accompany globalization, defining it seems tasking. Globalization, therefore, can be perceived of having a positive, negative or marginal effect.

Introduction

In the 21st Century, the term globalization is finding more roots as it directly affects the future. Deferent views have been centered on globalization and understanding it becomes complex. However, it entails the intensification of global social relations which have the capacity to link distant localities in a way that the current happenings are shaped by events that happen miles away and vice versa. This links can be either seen in the political, economic or cultural aspects of a given country

There are many aspects of globalization. However, this paper will zero in on the three main types that have been of vital significance in this era. These types include the political, cultural and economic aspects of globalization. In the 20th and 21st century, there has been a rise in global issues that have turned the world into a small global community. These factors range from the encroachment of global cultures to international business platforms, the doors that open up for nations to link with others and so on and forth.

Out of the confusions and chaos that are arising in remaining relevant with the current trends brought by globalization, globalization still stands at the forefront of global issues (Vadlamannati, 2015). Nations have been affected by the wave of globalization, a factor that has turned into a globalization issue. This paper, therefore, seeks to by sect these global issues by ascertaining the various types of globalization and identifying their impacts. It will also be imperative to determine if globalization is beneficial or not.

Background

The pace at which globalization is finding root in the contemporary society is becoming more rapid from time to time. Those who are trained to analyze and track it tend to experience difficulties in keeping up with the new impacts and effects of globalization. It is imperative to clearly understand that humanities lives are influenced transcendently with forces that have crossed boarders, which because of their power to influence and scope are changing the life on this planet.

In as much as all levels of the society are being shaped by this process, is this change positive, negative or marginal? In the wake of globalization, individuals are likely to find themselves or their livelihood threatened or their identity overthrown, regions have the option to either recreate themselves or die, and nations are experiencing instances of steady decrease in freedom as a result of globalization (Vadlamannati, 2015). This in itself is a global issue.

Literature Review

According to Vadlamannati, 2015 globalization cannot be analyzed or addressed without viewing its types and the various impacts they have on the economy of the world. In his opinion, it is proper to justify that some types of globalization may produce beneficial results to a particular region in the world while another time may not actually benefit the same region.

In Vadlamannatis view globalization is used to designate the power relations, technologies and practices that typify and bring into being the contemporary world. He, therefore, defines globalization as a tool that helps present the world today. However, some ideologies argue at the manner at which globalization has helped resolve the world. Some of the ideologies tend to hold that globalization has destructed the national heritage and cultures of societies.

Contradictions are rising steadily challenging the concepts of globalization. Vadlamannati, undermines the position that globalization is a full swing and that its existing presence has the power, authority and scope to direct countries towards a beneficial state. In his view, he asserts that globalization is a malady that disrupts in its inequitable effects. Globalization has posed immense challenges for institutions while also weakening the support and autonomy for those it excludes economically or culturally. In challenging these views, analysts have attempted to clarify the aspects of globalization that have the potential to generate social conflicts and unrest. By this, they have designed a human need theory that was developed by John Burton to explore and mitigate this conflicts that arise.

Critiques have also argued in support of Vadlamannati view that globalization in as much as has been seen as the height to economic rationality, also portrays its dark sides. They allege that the contemporary form of globalization that is driven by economic power has been the promoter of Western culture and corporations thus putting societies and jobs in poor countries at risk by exploiting cheap labor. Globalization according to these critics has also degraded the environment and undermined the developments of democracy and social stability by exposing institutions to forces of economic changes that tend to be beyond their control. In their view, globalization is uneven both in its effects and processes.

Types of Globalization

Economic Globalization

This form of globalization has led to economic developments and integrations of countries by introducing approaches such as free trade and foreign investments among others, with the aim of making the world a global village. It comprises of production, technology, competition, corporation, and industries. The positive effects of globalization include the provision of employment that have increased the living standards of various communities. Access to new markets is also another contribution of the economic globalization.

Fair trade methods have been established among countries thus giving a country the chance for home grown corporations to venture and compete in international markets.

However on the other side, economic globalization has significantly widened the income gaps between the poor and the rich to a great extent (Vadlamannati, 2015). These have brewed a new issue in the increase in poverty levels that has resulted from the difference in incomes between countries. The growing inequality in the world may also be ascribed to economic globalization a factor that has led to inequality between the rich and the poor in the world. The losers of economic globalization remain to be the developing economies who in most instances open doors for economic developments at the expense of their environment.

Political Globalization

Political globalization is also another form of globalization that has led to the creation of a world government that regulates the relations between states. Globalization of this kind also guarantees the rights that arise from economic and social globalization. Multinational corporations have been instrumental in keeping nations in check (Vadlamannati, 2015).

This has seen the enactment of issues related to human rights from the international governments. International peace has also been maintained as are result of this form of globalization. Despite these governments have lost autonomy and are now faced with dangers such as increase in cases of polarization of wealth, worldwide corruption and curtail scandals, and lastly the capital transnational corporations have turned out more influential than any government.

Cultural Globalization

Cultural globalization is the leading cause of loss of national cultures and heritage. The world has become a melting point, and every society is Americanized as a result of cultural globalization. Culture is a tool that applies to the global context in which it has emerged. It formulates the configuration of different ethnic groups, cultures, or races depending on the period of history (Vadlamannati, 2015). When the process of acculturation occurs, different cultures merge thus some of the features of a culture are adopted while the group remains extinct.

Conclusion

Having analyzed all this factors, it is imperative to sum up this dissertation by indicating the fact that there is no distinct positive or negative answer on globalization. Globalization should be understood on the context that it can be beneficial to some countries, people and organization to some magnitude but its harmful effects can still be depicted in various ways. A balanced approach in understanding and incorporating globalization is advisable to any country that seeks its benefits.

References

Vadlamannati, K. C. (2015). Rewards of (Dis) Integration: Economic, Social, and Political Globalization and Freedom of Association and Collective Bargaining Rights of Workers in Developing Countries. Industrial & Labor Relations Review, 68(1), 3-27.

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Fast fashion Essay Paper Assignment

Fast fashion

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Your paper will be based on the March 17, 2014 article, “The Secret World of Fast Fashion,” by Christina Moon (Pacific Standard Magazine). This article gives an in-depth account of the global logistics of “fast fashion,” its ties to Los Angeles’ Korean community and Jobber market.

Once you’ve read the article, do a little research into retailers like Forever 21, Zara, Urban Outfitters and other fast fashion retailers, several of which are listed in the article and perhaps gain some insight into their supply chain logistics, manufacturing, etc. Write a paper, 3 full pages minimum, 4 full pages maximum (PLUS a works cited page) on your thoughts regarding the article as it relates to what you’ve learned as a supply chain student and as a consumer. Feel free to add your thoughts as they relate to the US job market, whether you’re a US Citizen or whether you’re the citizen of another country.

Your papers must be coherent and well organized. You MUST cite every single source you use. I expect you to conduct internet research, but I also expect you to cite the link(s) you use. I do not want to read a paper that is one big quote. Your paper needs to have original, independent thought. Don’t give me 4 pages of cites (the software will tell me, and you will lose points). Remember, your Works Cited page must be a separate page. Your paper should be Arial or Times New Roman font.

To access the article
https://bb.uhd.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-128312-dt-announcement-rid-7862791_1/courses/20152020912/Fast%20Fashion.pdf

SAMPLE ANSWER

Fast Fashion

Fashion industry has experienced drastic transformation in the past few years. Different factors have contributed to the transformation in the industry such as increased digitalization and competition among others. A number of articles provide insights on the changes in fashion industry across the globe. This paper is based on Christina Mon article, “The Secrete World of Fast Fashion”. It provides insights on supply chain and other related aspects based on the article.

Fast fashion is a concept that emerged due to the decrease in the period it takes for a given fashion to circulate in the market or to be designed. Nowadays, fashion designers have become creative and design fashions that suit a range of consumers. With increased level of digitalization and competition, fashion industry has become so agile. Designs no longer take months to reach to global markets across the world as it were in the last 15 years (Moon, 2014). Nowadays, this period has reduced drastically and has contributed to increased competition. These changes are explained by the improvement in the supply chain.

In US, fashion found its way in 1980s by the Koreans. Koreans in 1960 were running a lucrative fashion industry before finding their way in Brazil and then exploring markets in Los Angeles, US (Moon, 2014). Nowadays, the largest fast fashion company Forever 21 managed by the Chang Korean family dominates US Los Angeles markets. The retailer competes for the market with other already established retailers such as Zara, Urban outfitters and Jobber market among many others.

Hundred Korea families deal in fashion industry and they design, organize factory labor that usually cut and saw clothes in place that are sold to many retailers in the US. Some of these huge and established retailers include the Urban Outfitters, Forever 21, Nordstrom, T.J Maxx and Anthropologie (Moon, 2014). Some of these clothes are for export in global markets such as Vietnam and China.

This article is therefore informative and educative especially on the supply chain management in fast fashion. Every entrepreneur sets up a business with the intention of getting more customers. The products must get to the customer through certain means or channels. The supply chain management begins from manufacturing whereby raw products are transformed into finished products. The manufacture is expected to identify the most reliable suppliers that can ensure constant supply of raw material to ensure that they are transformed into finished goods. Most of the Korean families manufacture the products and package them in various designs before they supply them to retailers. The products either are sold to major retailers such as Forever 21 at a wholesale price for distribution or are imported to other global markets such as Vietnam (Moon, 2014). The retailers then can either sell the merchandise at a wholesale price or at retail price to the consumers. This ensures that the products reach consumers at their specific locations at the right time. This distribution is very important as it ensure company sustainability and survival. Any challenges in the distribution channel may affect the company profitability and in case of such, then it requires an immediate course of action.

For any consumer, it is important to understand supply chain to be in a position to understand the best way to identify opportunity in the market. This article is more elaborative in explaining how clothes end up reaching consumers. The longer the supply chain, it means the price will be higher and this will be pushed to the consumers. Therefore, as a consumer it is important to identify the distribution channels to access fashion at competitive prices. The US market has many fast fashion players that supply fashion to retailers who finally sell the merchandise to consumers. Having knowledge in this will enable one to benefit from competitive prices. Furthermore, the article has provided substantial information on the various retailers reliable when it comes to supply of fast fashion. Quality and convenience are key aspects to a consumer. The industry is managed by Koreans families that have vast experience and knowledge in the area because of the long period working in the same industry (Moon, 2014). This therefore, explains the level of quality in their design. Multiple sources of channels exists that companies use to ensure that the products they produce reach the markets. With the internet a consumer can easily trace the local store, purchase clothes, compare prices in several outlets and as well preview the new fashion designs on the market. You tube and other video links available through the internet provides an alternative source of information to the consumers. They as well have facilitated the proliferation and spread of fashion designs across the world giving consumers an array of choice.

Communication and sensitivity to cultural aspects is very important for any businessperson that operates in foreign country. It is through communication that people connect and form relationships. Culture presents an obstacle or rather an impediment in most supply chain especially in fashion industry. This situation was typified in the 2000 as Koreans faced challenges in dealing with American retailers. The barriers include lack of American cultural fluency, and could not understand aesthetics and designs of the Americans (Moon, 2014). However, this situation was changed when kids came out of their university to join their families in business. The kids understood English and cultural identities of Americans. They could communicate fluently with the American retailers and domestic department store buyers.

Furthermore, it is prudent for the fashion industry to have skills in design. This calls for innovativeness and creativity to remain relevant in the market. Marketing and merchandising skills are also very important as this ensures that the company expands its markets share and is able to improve in terms of competitive edge. Some of the innovative and marketing skills relevant to boost supply chain in fast fashion include rebranding of business, creating attractive company logos, building showrooms spaces to appeal to the wholesalers buyers, setting up of websites and many other strategies.

Another important aspect to consider in the supply chain in fast fashion industry is cost. Selecting the appropriate supply chain approach is very importnat to reduce costs of production. Reduced costs of production affect the price of the products sold to the consumers. Some of the supply chain approaches used include lean and agile (Hines, 2004). In lean there is correct appropriation of commodity in relation to what it is produced while in agile manufacturers share information and technology. Combining both approaches is refereed as leagile (Hines, Tony & Bruce. 2001). For instance, in US, Koos manufacturing company is a Korean owned factory in the Southgate neighborhood in Los Angel. The company designs, cuts, sew and finishes among many others. This reduces its costs of production as customers can access their products at low costs (Hines, 2007). Relationship between industries, retailers, suppliers and customers across various supply chain is very crucial in ensuring that the process is successful and benefits everyone. For instance, fashion designers such as Forever 21 have established good customer services that have enabled them to remain competitive. They have as well invested more in creativity and quality of their designs making them gain a competitive edge over their rivals. In the Jobber market, there are many showrooms and business dealing in fashions and this gives the buyers a wide array of shops to buy. They can compare the prices, the quality of designs across the market and decide to purchase from those that they feel are cheap and meet their threshold. Furthermore, it is important for the fashion industry to ensure that they have constant supply of designs to allow the consumers to make the decision of what suits them. Consignments in Forever 21 arrive daily and this has as well contributed to the company gaining competitive edge over its competitors in terms of urgency of delivery of supplies (Moon, 2014).

Increased competition in fast fashion as well sparks cooperation that leads to increased creativity. Consumers benefit from this as they get value for their money. Fast fashion industry has become competitive as various retailers companies such as those at Jobber market, Forever 21 compete for the markets (Moon, 2014). It is also very important that there is high level of truth and coordination within every family or businesspersons to boost efficiency of the global production process. The family members must make decisive decisions on the way forward to ensure that the process run on smoothly even as they spearhead their global entrance strategy.

It is also important that companies in fast fashion set up warehouses in different areas to meet the global demand. This ensures constant supply of their merchandise. It is also very important for the company to consider multiple sources of their products and to keep vigilant of the market trends. This ensures that the company keeps track of the fashion trends as well as is able to explore new opportunities in the markets. This is one of the strategies that Forever 21 has adopted and has enabled it to remain competitive.

US job market is inclusive to people from different backgrounds. Consideration that is more important is the skills and knowledge an individual brings to an organization. Fashion industry is opened to both citizens and immigrants. However, most of the people that deals in fashion and textile sectors in Los Angeles is Korean families something contributed by their historical lives (Black, 2012). They specialized in these areas and therefore, took upon themselves to ensure that they earn a living from the same.

In conclusion, this article is insightful and informative especially on the changing and transforming fashion industry. Fashion industry in the previous years has undergone numerous transformations as new designs come up and spread within weeks. Designs range from various styles, colors and sizes giving the consumers an array of choices. This attest to the changes experienced in the supply chain. Clothes are shipped from Asia, designed and manufactured then taken to retailers such as Forever 21 at Jobber markets and other retailers for their distribution to consumers at various locations. Global markets as well are easily accessible through establishment of warehouses and use of new technologies such as internet.

References

Black, Sandy (2012). The Sustainable Fashion Handbook. New York: Thames and Hudson

Hines, T., & Bruce, M. (2001). Fashion marketing – Contemporary issues. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann

Hines, T. (2004). Supply chain strategies: Customer driven and customer focused. Oxford: Elsevier.

Hines, T. (2007). Globalization: Global markets and global supplies, in Hines, T. and M.Bruce. Eds. Fashion Marketing Contemporary Issues 2nd Edn. Oxford, Elsevier

Moon, C. (2014). The secret world of fast fashion. Retrieved form: https://www.bb.uhd.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-128312-dt-announcement-rid– 7862791_1/courses/20152020912/Fast%20Fashion.pdf

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Interstate Commerce Research Paper

Interstate Commerce

Order Instructions:

1.Why was this case so important?
2.Why did the U.S. Supreme Court develop the “effects on interstate commerce” test?
3.Is most commerce considered “interstate commerce”? Why or why not?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Interstate Commerce

The Commerce Clause of the United States Constitution states that the Congress shall have the power to regulate interstate and foreign trade. The case was so important since commerce clause had never been construed in its narrow sense. The clause states plainly that, there is limited power to control trade between people in one country and people outside that country (Brown, and company, 1907,6).

The clause and the economy of the US has progressed and turned out to be very sophisticated. In addition, as soon as the congress engaged in addressing the social challenges in the country, the commercial law was used as the referencing point for any law that was passed. Consequently, the commerce law has developed into a very significant law for the congress for the last 50 years. The clause therefore is now one of the main referencing points for the congress authority (The Baldwin law book co, 1917,3).

Moreover, the commercial clause is very important in the US. This is simply because, a keen look at the US code clearly shows that approximately 700 provisions of the state which affect various issues revolve around interstate commerce. For instance, Supreme Court in United States v. Lopez and United States v. Morrison concluded that a gun possession law and a law concerning sexual violence were not the mandate of the congress to control. In another case Gonzales v. Raich, later confirmed the powers of the congress to control medical marijuana. The court decided that the consequences of the previous cases would be limited. The case of National Federation of Business v. Sebelius, which was challenging the role of a person to purchase health insurance, the court declared that commerce clause did not have a room for such provision. In Sebelius, the Court provided regulations in the instances where people had already chosen to involve themselves in commercial engagements (Washington : U.S. Govt,1910,7).

References

Washington : U.S. Govt. (1910). Hearings before the Committee on Interstate and Foreign , by HathiTrust)Commerce of the House of Representatives on bills affecting Interstate commerce. United States House Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce

Brown, and company, (1907). The Act to regulate commerce (as amended) and acts supplementary thereto, indexed, digested, and annotated, including the Carriers’ liability act, safety appliance acts, act requiring reports of accidents, Arbitration act, Sherman anti-trust act, and others, , by Charles S. Hamlin, United States, and statutes United States. Laws (page images at HathiTrust; US access only)

The Baldwin law book co., (1917)Gartner’s notes to the Interstate commerce commission reports : vols. 31 to 40, and part of vol. 41 and unreported cases complete (all cases to Oct. 1st, 1916) : a judicial history of every case decided by the Interstate Commerce Commission, together with a complete alphabetical table of cases reported / (Louisville, Ky. 🙂, by Karl Knox Gartner and United States. Interstate Commerce Commission (page images at HathiTrust)

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HIV and Pregnancy among African teens

Order Instructions:

Identify your selected empirical research problem (HIV and Pregnancy among African teen) and the units of analysis. Include support for these units as being reasonable for comparison and how you would avoid the ecological and individualistic fallacies.

Determine two researchable hypotheses based on your research problem (HIV and Pregnancy among African teen). For each hypothesis, identify the independent, dependent, and control variables. Moreover, estimate expected changes in the magnitude and relations between the dependent and independent variables.

SAMPLE ANSWER

HIV and Pregnancy among African teens

Problem Statement

HIV and Pregnancy among African teen rates are constantly increasing as per the international comparison. The problem leads to school dropout, causes future unemployment among the youth, preterm birth and mental disturbances which results into poor mental health.

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to determine and understand the attitudes and perception of teenagers in Africa concerning early pregnancies in teenagers. The other objective is to determine the understanding of the teenagers concerning sexuality and use of contraceptives to prevent infection of sexually transmitted diseases. This study will contribute to the knowledge concerning HIV and teenage pregnancy in Africa. In addition, the study will pursue the deeper understanding of how the youth perceive early pregnancy and to identify factors in their own view that can prevent this problem.

Researchable hypothesis

The teenagers in Africa do not understand sexuality and use of contraceptives to prevent infection of sexually transmitted diseases.
The teenagers in Africa do not understand the effects of early pregnancies in their own life.

The study will involve qualitative data. The independent variables for the study will include the need to prove fertility, Poor sexual negotiation skills and Poverty. The dependent variables will include Peer pressure from boyfriends or the social networks, the need to prove one’s fertility and Socio economic factors. The control variables on the other hand will include: Pregnant teenagers, Teenage girls who are aged 16-19 years who have never had who had never been pregnant and Teenagers who had a baby while they were teenagers (Bastien, Leshabari & Klepp , 2009.12).

Expected results

The teenagers being ignorant about the consequences of early pregnancy and of having unprotected sex
The teenagers engage in early sex due to poverty

References

Bastien S, Leshabari MT, Klepp KI, (2009) Exposure to information and communication about HIV/AIDS and perceived credibility of information sources among young people in northern Tanzania. African Journal of AIDS Research, 2009; 8(2):213–22. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25875572

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Open door policy in Australia Essay Paper

Open door policy in Australia with regard to the reception of Refugees fleeing war torn regions or political turmoil in their countries

Order Instructions:

1. Please read the attached stimulus reading.
2. Write a response to the stimulus reading, arguing for or against the points made. (275 words).
3. Ensure that you make reference to any relevant news articles or academic publications to strengthen your argument.
4. All sources must be referenced correctly.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Open door policy in Australia

Australia should not have an open door policy in Australia with regard to the reception of Refugees fleeing war torn regions or political turmoil in their countries (Australian Government, 2015). This is because it puts at risk the country’s security and also the welfare of its citizens. The Australian government owes a duty of care to it citizens first of all and then everybody else should come second. Taking in refugees’ costs a lot of money and the process is prone to abuse if it happens to be completely open.

I think the off-shore processing regime is effective in that it helps to resettle the refugees while concurrently averting a larger problem of tension between citizens of the country and a swelling number of refugees who would begin putting pressure on current resources. By processing them off-shore Australia also manages to help them resettle away from the danger that lies in their home country while giving them some degree of independence (Australian Human Rights Commission, 2014).

Assylum seekers should be offered temporary protection for a set period of time that is determined by the severity of the danger involved. During this period of protection a more permanent solution needs to be worked out with input from the asylum seekers concerned regarding how they can regain their independence (Phillips, 2014).

The Liberal party approach fits better under the ‘status quo’ category since it seeks to maintain a distinction between the refugees and the current residents of Australia. The ‘turning back the boats’ initiative is well aligned with this concept. The idea of the greens to have Australia take in much more refugees is closer to changing the situation since it will be much easier for asylum seekers to get into Australia as refugees without facing any major legal hurdles (Liberal Party, 2014; The Greens, 2015).

References

Australian Government, Department of Immigration and Border Protection. (2015). Offshore Refugee and Humanitarian visas. Retrieved from http://www.immi.gov.au/pub-res/Documents/discussion-papers/simple-framework-refugee-humanitarian-visa.pdf

Australian Human Rights Commission. (2014). Asylum seekers and refugees guide. Retrieved from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/asylum-seekers-and-refugees-guide

Phillips, J. (2014). A Comparison of Coalition and Labor government asylum policies in Australia. Retrieved from http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1314/AsylumPolicies#_Toc381358240

The Greens. (2015). Refugees. Retrieved from http://greens.org.au/refugees

The Liberal Party. (2014). Our Plan. Retrieved from http://www.liberal.org.au

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Traditional Versus Authentic Assessments

Order Instructions:

Provide two examples in which traditional assessment is used.
Multiple-choice or matching
Essay
Other
Replace each with an authentic assessment.
Design four assessments that align to standards and instruction.
Identify each assessment as summative, formative, standardized, or self-assessment.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Traditional Versus Authentic Assessments

Various methods exist for teachers to assess their students. Assessments help teachers to understand better the current knowledge of students. The two commonly assessment methods are traditional and authentic.

Traditional assessments methods widely used include short answers, essays and multiple-choice tests and true and false tests. In true and false test, students are given two options to make the right decision depending on the question asked (Dikli, 2003). Multiple choices test allows students to select one correct answer in a list of options provided. Essays are flexible and help to assess higher order learning skills of students. These traditional assessments can be replaced or substituted with authentic assessment which allows learners to relate instructions to real world experiences. The two example of authentic assessment includes portfolios and projects. Portfolios allow students to display their work to determine whether they have mastered skills to handle certain task. It helps to assess the capability of student to self reflect, and to make correct judgment. Project as well allows the learners to display what learners know about a topic, as it requires one to apply related concepts and prior experiences.

Standards defines what learners should know, understand and be able to do while instructions provide framework on how to effectively teach that which learners should know (Jones, 2002). Therefore, teachers can design different assessments that align to the standards and instructions. Examples of formative assessment are to ask students to draw a concept map to represent the way they understand the topic. This assessment aims to identify areas of weaknesses, make improvement, and have low point value. Example of summative assessment is to ask the learners to take a midterm exam. This assessment is high value and aims at assessing learning progress at the end of the term. Example of standardized assessments is the queries designed by an expert or a teacher and aim at testing specific abilities of the learner such as during admission to a certain grade. The learners are given time limit to respond to them. Example of self-assessment question is where a learner develops own questions and solves them. It aims to assess an individual capability in certain area.

References

Dikli, S. (2003). Assessment at a distance: Traditional vs. Alternative assessments. The Turkish online journal of Educational Technology, 2(3), 13-20. Retrieved from: http://www.tojet.net/articles/v2i3/232.pdf

Jones, T. (2002). Options and Considerations for Distance Education: Learner Assessment and Self-assessment,(3)3. TOJDE (Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education). ISSN 1302-6488 Available at:

http://tojde.anadolu.edu.tr/tojde7/articles/Jonestxt.htm

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External Remote Environment Analysis

Order Instructions:

As mentioned in the previous papers that I submitted, this papers are all connected and the same company will be use throughout the entire course . The writer must pay attention to that and continue to note that some of the information will also be carry forward to the next paper. For this paper, the writer will have to follow the instructions included hear below to respond to the questions raise at the end of the instructions. the writer will use pear-review articles to support the facts in the paper.

When planning a vacation, you may do research on a variety of external factors that can impact the quality of your trip. Some of these factors, such as transportation costs and flight delays or road construction, will have a similar impact on the plans of a large number of travelers. Others, such as the expected weather conditions and location of attractions, are related to the specific area in which you plan to vacation.
Like travelers planning for a trip, organizations must carefully monitor the external environment in which they plan to operate. Organizations have a number of tools to aid them in doing this successfully. A General Forces Analysis encourages organizations to examine broad trends and forecasts that could potentially impact a broad range of organizations. Porter’s Five Forces Analysis allows organizations to more closely examine external forces that may impact profitability, which are closer to the specific organization. Taken together, the results of these analyses provide a comprehensive picture of the external environment of a specific organization.

To prepare, review this Learning Resources at the bottom of the page. Begin searching for scholarly peer-reviewed resources on General Forces Analysis.
(Note: You will also use the General Forces Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis in Part I of your SSP.)

Prepare both a General Forces and a Porter’s Five Forces analysis of the industry of the organization you selected for your SSP (Apple Inc.). Your total response should be 4 minimum paragraphs.
– Using General Forces analysis, identify trends and forecasts in each of the five categories of forces in the industry environment in which your organization exists.
– Explain the impact of these trends and forecasts on the industry.
– Next, using Porter’s Five Forces analysis, identify external forces that might impact the organization’s profitability and why.
– Identify potential opportunities or threats created by these five forces. Justify your response.
– Finally, evaluate the utility of General Forces Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analyses for developing organizational strategy.
– Identify 3–5 opportunities, and 3–5 limitations for each analysis tool.

Extend the conversation by identifying implications for practice or research, as well as for your own research agenda, where appropriate. Be sure to integrate one or two new related, and engaging, questions that will extend the discussion about your paper in constructive ways. Try to think of a question that will engage your peers in critical analysis and thinking about your organization, which may provide insight for your use as you continue preparing your sections of the major Weeks 4 Sustainable Solutions Paper (SSP) due in this course.
Your response should have proper APA citations and adhere to all guidelines of APA style.

Resources
• Harvard Business School Press. (2005). Strategy: Create and implement the best strategy for your business. Boston, MA: Author.
o Chapter 1, “SWOT Analysis I: Looking Outside for Threats and Opportunities” (pp. 1–15)

The chapter briefly describes the concept and components of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis before turning to the examination of threats and opportunities in the external environment. The authors stress the importance of examining the external environment. They identify specific elements to examine in an external analysis. These include work and lifestyle trends, customers, price sensitivity, and elasticity of demand, competitors, and emerging technologies. The chapter closes with a brief discussion of Porter’s Five Forces.
o Chapter 2, “SWOT Analysis II: Looking Inside for Strengths and Weaknesses” (pp. 17–28)

The chapter begins by describing the purpose of internal analysis before addressing three specific areas for consideration during such an analysis. The authors provide guidelines on how to analyze competencies and rate them against those of competitors. They also delineate aspects of financial performance and company culture that should be considered during internal analysis. They close the chapter by presenting a specific model for conducting internal analysis.
o Chapter 3, “Types of Strategy: Which Fits Your Business?” (pp. 29–46)

The chapter describes four broad strategies commonly implemented by organizations: low cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, customer relationship strategy, and network effect strategy. The authors provide examples of organizations that have successfully implemented each strategy. They also explain several means by which each strategy may be successfully implemented. The chapter closes with an explanation of how to choose the best strategy.
• Dasgupta, M., Gupta, R. K., & Sahay, A. (2011). Linking technological innovation, technology strategy and organizational factors: A review. Global Business Review, 12(2), 257–277.

Dasgupta et al. (2011) states the essence of business growth in technological innovation and successful management lies in skillful allocation of resources to enact technological change. The authors summarize research in the area of technological innovation and technology strategy and present a relationship between the organizational factors supporting technological innovation and technology strategy. Additionally, Dasgupta et al. presents practical implications and a direction for future research
• Kaplan, R. S. & Norton, D. P. (2008). Mastering the management system. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 62–77.

Kaplan and Norton (2008) propose a five-stage process for defining and implementing strategy, with implications for assessment via metrics and results.
• Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 78–93.

This article is a reprise and expansion of the author’s original seminal work. In this modern version, the author updates his original thesis and applies the ideas to contemporary business strategy analysis.

SAMPLE ANSWER

External Remote Environment Analysis

General Forces and Porter’s Five Forces analysis is a tool designed to help evaluate competitive forces and the business strategy suitable for a firm in an industry it operates (Porter, 2008). If the forces in the industry operate wholesomely then it means that the industry is not attractive. The industry becomes more vulnerable if the level of competition is higher. The paper therefore uses Porters five forces to evaluate the industry Apple Inc., operates and not the firm itself. Therefore, on that premise, the assessment as well will apply to other firms in this industry such as IBM, Nokia and others.

Computer and Smartphone manufacturing has become a key sector as the world adapt to new forms of technology. The players therefore, must define their business before there analyze them using the porters five forces (Harvard Business School Press, 2005). The threats and forces in this market will not be similar to those in other markets outside such as Japan and China. The five forces has horizontal and vertical forces that affect and industry and therefore require analysis. Horizontal forces include threat of new entrants, competition in the same industry, and threat of established rivals and substitute products. On the other hand, vertical forces are those that originate from supply-chain or the vertical competition and include bargaining power of suppliers and bargaining power of customers. In summary using General Forces and Porter’s Five Forces analysis, it can be concluded that; the industry has low threats on new entrants, bargaining power of the customers/buyers is low, there is a threat of substitute products, suppliers have much bargaining powers and there is a significant level of rivalry among competitors. Based on this analysis, the industry is open to greater opportunities in future. The fact that the threat to new entrant is low; the company can use this opportunity to increase its sales in future. Bargaining power of buyers is low and therefore, the industry can have an upper hand hence will continue to reap handsomely. Threat to substitutes exists as different companies have products that offer alternative products. The bargaining power of suppliers is high and this is likely to increase the costs of supplies. The level of rivalry is significant hence, the industry is expected to adapt to appropriate strategies to reach to the customers and win over them. As discussed, these trends and forecasts have ramifications on the industry. To ensure that the industry remains competitive, the firms must continue to invest in quality and increase marketing. The industry as well may face an increase number of new entrants if the industry is perceived to be profitable.

Based on Porter’s five analysis, a number of factors may impact on the Apple Inc., profitability. One of the external forces that may affect profitability of the industry is the increased level of competition and rivalry. This will push the company profitability low as the firm adopts strategies to attract more customers. Higher level of bargaining power of suppliers will also reduce profitability on the industry (Narayanan & Fahey, 2005). Other forces include higher bargaining power, and increased number of substitutes. Other forces may include, stiff government regulations among others. Potential opportunities created by the five forces include increased number of customers through increased advertising. The industry is open to opportunity as the market share is yet to be exploited as is low. Threats includes, increase threats of new investors due to the perception that it is profitable. General Forces Analysis and Porter’s Five Forces analyses is used to developing organizational strategy because it provides vital information about the industry. Through this analysis, a firm like Apple gets insights on the industry at large hence can adopt suitable strategies to enable it gain a competitive edge (Apple Case Study, 2012).

The opportunities of these tools include, it is easy to use, and it provides insights about the industry and allows a firm to understand the competiveness of the industry. The limitations of the tool are that it may not provide accurate result because firms in an industry may vary due to circumstances. The tool requires good analysis and it may take considerable time to understand the industry as a whole because of the size. Therefore, this analysis is important and has implication for practice. Apple Inc., can use this information to understand the industry and adopt suitable strategies that can enable it achieve its goals. In such industry, it is expected that the company remains creative and innovative to remain competitive. The two questions that should be considered in this analysis are; does the size of the industry affect analysis using Porters Five forces? How can a firm use the tool to change its weakness into strengths?

References

Apple Case Study (2012). Apple Inc.: The Steve Jobs Effect. The Steve Jobs Effect, 1-16

Harvard Business School Press. (2005). Strategy: Create and implement the best strategy for your business. Boston, MA: Author.

Narayanan, V., & Fahey, L. (2005). The Relevance of the Institutional Underpinnings of Porter’s Five Forces Framework to Emerging Economies: An Epistemological Analysis. Journal of Management Studies, 42(1): 207-223.

Porter, M. E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review, 86(1), 78–93.

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