a) Introduce your selected topic and describe its prevalence in the Australian population with
specific reference to your age and gender.
(b) Summarise, using appropriate published statistics or other references, the burden the chosen
risk factor has on our society. This will be in terms of mortality, morbidity, disability and costs (if
known).
(c) Explain three (3) factors which have been shown to contribute to the risk factor. For example:
speeding is a significant contributor to motor vehicle injuries.
(d) Describe how it may affect you as a paramedic.
(e) Identify national ; international recommendations related to this risk factor
Your assignment MUST be presented with the following elements:
A front page with the title, topic, students name and word count clearly identified.
At least the following four (4) headings within the text:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion
References
Additional headings should be placed between the Introduction and Conclusion headings.
Appendixes can be incorporated but they should only support your work, and not form the basis of it.Should be in APA format.
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Addiction-Body of the Paper-The student must specifically Marijuana
Abstract
Introduction
Prompt One-Provide a brief overview regarding the substance.
Prompt Two-What are the nursing care considerations associated with the use of the substance during pregnancy?
Prompt Three-What are the nursing care considerations specifically during the second trimester related to this substance?
Prompt Four-What are the care considerations specifically for the neonate who has been exposed in utero?
Prompt Five-As a future nurse (must include three roles of the nurse), how would you plan to address this issue?
Conclusion
Appendix
Handout
Directions for the paper/writing assignment:
1. You want to prepare this assignment in APA 6th edition format, must have at least five sources-two-three recent articles and at least two internet
sources. You cannot use WebMD, HealthyMinds, emedicinehealth or Wikipedia. You need to use a quality internet source that has an identified author or Nationally/Internationally recognized organization.
2. Must have an introduction and conclusion
3. Use the questions for this assignment as subheadings in APA format. The question prompts serve as the body of the paper.
4. Paper should not exceed five (5) page excluding cover and reference page
5. Paper needs to be submitted by the posted due date. Need two (2) hardcopies and one TurnItIn attachment. The paper will not be graded if it is not
submitted using TurnItIn and providing the hard copies.
6. If you quote, it must be limited to no more than 80 quoted words. Direct quotes are allowed, but must be limited to the 80 quoted words. You are
required to use quotation notes. Ideally, the wording of the majority of the paper should be paraphrased. The document must be considered at least 70 percent
original thought. Failure to achieve this standard will result in a grade of zero.
7. Do not submit the rubric with the assignment.
Grading Criteria Possible Points 100 Your
Score
1. Title Page 5
2. Abstract 5
3. Introduction 5
4. Prompt 1 10
5.Prompt 2 10
6.Prompt 3 10
7.Prompt 4 10
8. Prompt 5-Summarize and describe the impact to your future nursing practice using the roles of the nurse. 15
9. Designated Conclusion section 5
10. Reference Page-At least five sources properly referenced on reference page. 5
11. Appendix-Appropriate Handout/Literature-Client Focused 5
12. Integration of all sources throughout the paper 5
13. Adherence to APA guidelines-running head, headers, subheadings, margins, font, etc. Refer to APA manual 5
14.Grammar 5
Total 100
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One and a half page will be acceptable
Below is requirement and an example of my classmate.
For this part of the project, you will need to utilize the library database of scientific journal articles to:
a.search for 2 primary research papers regarding one of the topics listed below,
b.obtain a copy of the FULL paper (NOT just the abstract),
c. read it, and
d. summarize the research papers in a way that would make sense to the general public
You must use 2 different primary research papers (not review articles) as references. The two papers should be on the same topic so as to compare the two.
Summarize your findings in 250-500 words (excluding references). Cite all of your references using appropriate citation style such as APA, MLA, or AMA within the summary and your references at the end (see book references for examples).
IMPORTANT: Please use original words and be careful not to plagiarize. You must include your summary in this document AND post it on the ‘Iron project’ forum on the discussion board for full credit. (You can copy and paste into a discussion posting). ). If you have questions about what peer reviewed primary research papers are, please ask. The purpose is for you to find two different papers that did an experiment on the same topic. And give me your conclusions based on these two papers. What is your take home message?
Topics to choose from:
· Iron deficiency during pregnancy
· Iron and cognitive function in children
· Iron status in vegans
· Most effective form of oral iron supplementation
Grading Guidelines:
· Primary research paper appropriately chosen (i.e., primary research paper, published in scientific journals, NOT review articles, etc). No credit
if papers are not primary research.
· 2 pts: appropriate reference within summary and citations
· 1: posting on discussion board
· 4 pts: quality of summary. This should be adequately summarized so that the general public could understand the implications.
Example :
The purpose to the Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among Iranian Pregnant Women was to detect the average iron status for women who were in their 20- 40’s living in Iran. The study was limited to healthy individuals who were not refugees, had cancer, or were undergoing hemodialysis as these groups would stand as outliers and skew the data. A total of 11,037 participants were entered into the analysis (Barooti, et al., 2010). Of these, 42% regularly saw a physician to be tested every month while pregnant. The other 58% had regular house visits from the physician. Hematocrit tests and urine samples were taken for each visit. The maximum percent of pregnant women who had anemia was 95%. Out of those, 67% were in their second or third trimester. The percentage of anemia in Iranian women during pregnancy is considerably highter than that of most EMRO countries (Barooti, et al., 2010).
The second article, Screening for Iron Deficiency Anemia-Including Iron Supplementation for Children and Pregnant Women was a case study based on a 25 year old female who has a family history of anemia and is currently in her first trimester of pregnancy. Regular checkups were done throughout the entire pregnancy. Regular iron testings were done. During the first trimester, the iron levels based on the hematocrit testings were at a normal range of 40%. By the second trimester, the numbers have dropped significantly to 26%. Iron supplements were added to the diet and increased the iron level to 54% by the end of the third trimester (Mabry-Hernandez, 2017).
To summarize for patients, during the first trimester of pregnancy, iron levels remained relatively steady. The body is able to store enough eaten iron for
the body and the growing fetus. Begining the second and third trimesters, the fetus is growing and is in need of a larger iron supply which promotes normal
development. The iron input is less than the iron required which causes anemia. Anemia is the most common hematological disorder during pregnancy which causes complications for the mother and fetus (Barooti, et al., 2010). Eating a well balanced diet, including lean meats, beans, and fresh vegetables are a good source of iron. Iron supplements are also recommended to aquire enough iron to sustain the mother and fetus.
Works Cited
Barooti, E., Rezazadehkermani, M., Sadeghirad, B., Motaghipisheh, S., Tayeri, S., Arabi, M., et al. (2017, June). Prevalence of Iron Deficiency Anemia among
Iranian Pregnant Women. Retrieved June 26, 2017, from US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3719272/
Mabry-Hernandez, I. R. (2016, May 15). Screening for Iron Deficiency Anemia-Including Iron Supplementation for Children and Pregnant Women. Retrieved June
26, 2017, from American Family Physician: http://www.aafp.org/afp/2016/0515/p897.html
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Reports information from three relevant sources, at least one of which is a text source.
paper has a two part thesis statement that takes a stand or expresses an opinion. argue position through evidence. must have topic sentences and transitions.
Use at least three (3) quality references Note: Wikipedia and other related websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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The CDC has developed myriad informatics applications in support of disease surveillance at the federal level. Information sharing among these applications enables public health personnel to better understand disease trends that may be difficult to interpret from the examination of a single system. However, a variety of legal, ethical, and practical issues arise as a result of this sharing of information. The potential for problems is magnified when information is available to and shared among multiple systems.
post an analysis of the obstacles that impact interoperability of the disease surveillance systems. Propose ways to improve/address the legal, ethical, and practical data-sharing obstacles. Evaluate how this impacts the future of local, state, national, and international systems/agencies sharing and use of information.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Data-sharing and interoperability obstacles
Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) estimates that 20% of medical errors are preventable and occur due to lack of immediate access to health education. The interoperability obstacles are bothersome especially in this technology era. In fact, banking industries and telecommunication industry interoperability have excelled substantially. One can transact from ant ATM with minimal interruption. Why is this not replicable in the health care sector? Despite the fact that 10 billion dollars have been allocated to facilitate the interoperability in health care industry, technical challenges on the same are insurmountable (King Et al, 2012). First, the data collected is inadequate due to the significant gaps in the disease surveillance systems, particularly in the developing countries. Additionally, most public health information is stored hard copy, and where electronic formats are use; they are often incompatible with the other advanced disease surveillance systems. Data format standards and metadata for health care including Data Documentation Initiative (DDI), the established International Classification of Diseases (ICD) and Metadata eXchange are insufficiently functional. This limits interoperability and secondary data usage. In fact, about 20% of deaths that occurred in certain countries between 1950 and 2010 were due to ill-fated use of the established ICD due to limited data sharing (CDC, 2012).
Another issue that holds back data sharing is the ownership and copyright issues. Institutions and agencies that collect data are liable for the person and the community privacy. This makes most of these agencies reluctant to carry out their tasks sufficiently as they feel like guardianship role has been bestowed on them. Additionally, government agencies such as Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) in US regulations on data acquisition using identifiers and the anonymous data makes it hard to use data collected in certain contexts. Some data are not released to anyone because they are perceived as sensitive and are only used for security purposes. Additionally, some stewards may be reluctant to share disease surveillance data because they fear that inexperienced individuals may abuse the information. In some cases, they may be reluctant because of socioeconomic impacts. For instance, the fears interoperability will reduce their relevancy or feasibility of the study. Other barriers include insufficient incentives and resources for data sharing and limited guidelines (Peter et al, 2012).
In cases of remaining relevant, the new approaches that protect the person or agency such as data perturbation should be established. This is a strategy which allows the researcher to provide key but limited information of their work while ensuring that their security is not breached. For instance, researchers can access restricted information through Research Data Center (RDC). For effective interoperability and data sharing, legal barriers that prevent data sharing must be annulled. The involved stakeholders should collaborate and debunk the existing miscommunications and misconceptions regarding the legal barriers (CDC, 2012). A standardized format should be established. This entails establishing a standard language, coding system, formatting and process involved in data sharing. This will ensure that disease surveillance systems are user friendly and data disseminated is adequate. Moreover, an efficient, secure disease surveillance system and the software program should be established for effective communication and exchange of information. If the obstacles are not eliminated, scientific discoveries will be reduced. The reduced understanding of individual study and pooling of data will negatively impact innovations. The accuracy and quality of research will reduce due to the limited sharing of data on critical issues such as effective treatment options and evidence based strategies (NCBI, 2013).
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children
Order Instructions:
Follow all the given guidelines. See the attached files.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Reflection #1: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children
VAPs are hospital acquired pneumonia that occurs in patients who have undergone mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours; and previously had no symptoms of respiratory infection before the treatment. VAP occurs when bacteria colonize the lower respiratory tract in patient undergoing mechanical ventilation treatment. Microorganisms can be introduced to the lower respiratory system through micro-aspiration of bacteria from upper respiratory system or gastrointestinal tract or via biofilm production from the endotracheal tube (ETT) The diagnosis for ventilator associated pneumonia in children (VAP) is challenge. VAP is ranked as high health risk for hospitalized children. It accounts for 18% to 26% of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs). Currently, pneumonia is ranked as the 6th leading cause of death in US (Swedick et al, 2012).
VAP prevalence rate ranges from 10 to 30% and mortality rate ranging from 33% to 50%. It is associated with lengthened hospital stays; increased health costs, high rates of multi-drug resistant infections and delayed recoveries. It is estimated that 300000 VAP incidences are reported every year; and costs health care over $12billion annually. VAP is also associated with prolonged hospital stays to up to 22 days, costing $40000 per patient. The hospitalization cost for pediatric VAP cases is $308534 as compared to $252652 for patients free VAP. Evidently, there needs an effective strategy to target control for VAP from vantage points including medical team training universal hygiene and establishing effective protocol for microbiological infection surveillance. Integration of VAP strategic preventive interventions into clinical practices has been ineffective. In fact; studies indicate that only 22.3% of nurses and care givers practice the published infection prevention recommendations. The implementation of VAP-prevention guideline from previous studies is inconclusive (Cooper &Haut, 2013).
References
Cooper, VB., &Haut, C. (2O13) Preventing ventilator associated pneumonia in children: An evidence based protocol. Critical Nurse Care 33; 3, 21-33. Retrieved on January 21st, 2015 from
Reflection #2: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children – PICO (T)
Research question: Which is the most effective preventive strategy to reduce the VAP prevalence in intubated children: VAP bundle or standard oral hygiene?
Endotracheal tube insertion criteria and duration, high level of microscopic aspiration, Biofilms from colonization
VAP is associated with microbial infection consistent with presence of endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hrs. In children, it is often associated with oral and mechanical hygiene because there is association between oropharynx microbials and VAPs incidences.
Maintenance of good oral hygiene such as tooth brushing and use of oral antiseptic reagents such as chlorhexidine, airways clearance and use of bedside protocols preventive strategies
The incidence of VAPs in children could be effectively reduced in children through implementing VAPs prevention guidelines and use of ventilator care bundles
Treatment is matched to the causative agent for 7 to 14days
The article on “proposed pediatric specific bundle offers new strategies for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia in children” by Viejo C. evaluates the evidence for mechanical hygiene and ventilator care bundles in prevention of VAP incidences in children. The paper acknowledges the limited research in VAP prevalence and prevention strategies in children. Further, the article recommends the integration of VAP strategic preventive interventions into clinical practices to effectively reduce VAP incidences in children. In fact; studies indicate that only few of nurses and care givers practice the published infection prevention recommendations. The implementation of VAP-prevention guideline will facilitate effective reduction of VAP in children.
The challenges associated with monitoring public health increase in developing countries. Due to a lack of a robust infrastructure in many developing nations, a considerable number of diseases and conditions go unmonitored. In today’s climate of global interconnectivity, the failure to detect an emerging threat in a developing country could very well result in a pandemic spreading around the world. This is one of several possible implications of inadequate disease surveillance. The Discussion this week is concerned with how inadequate surveillance might influence ethical decision making in developing countries.
Analyze the ethical considerations associated with insufficient surveillance. Consider your own position on who should be held responsible for public health in developing countries.
post an analysis of the ethical implications of not investigating diseases/conditions in developing countries. Formulate a position on who should be held responsible for establishing, maintaining, and monitoring public health surveillance systems in developing countries.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Monitoring Public Health in Developing Countries
Adequate surveillance of diseases is one of the ways that countries manage various diseases. Ensuring that surveillance systems are in place has played a key role in the management of various diseases in most of the developed countries. However, developing countries continue to experience rampant cases of diseases because of poor surveillance systems in place. This paper therefore, analyses the ethical implications of failing to investigate disease/conditions in developing countries as well as those responsible for establishing, maintaining and monitoring public health surveillance systems in these countries.
Failing to investigate diseases in developing world has various ethical implications to the people as well as to the governments. One of the ethical implications is respect. It is through surveillance that various diseases affecting people such as communicable diseases can be identified and preventive strategies adopted (Carrel & Rennie, 2008). Human life is precious and requires to be respected by the government. Failing to prevent and manage these diseases through surveillance causes unnecessary preventable deaths. This is unethical as there is no protection and safeguarding of people lives.
Lack of surveillance hampers the right of individuals to access quality healthcare. It is a right for all the people to have access to quality healthcare (Carrel & Rennie, 2008). This right is not provided to many people in developing countries because of lack of investigation and surveillance of diseases that affect the people. In developing countries, the time taken for a health condition to be reported to the authorities is long and this contributes to increased levels of infections and deaths. This is therefore unethical because, those responsible to ensure that all people receive quality healthcare are not up to their tasks.
Inadequate surveillance as well has ethical implications as it lead to inequality and unfairness in accessibility to healthcare. Many of the people that have low income levels and those living in dilapidated conditions face challenges in accessing healthcare because of lack of surveillance in comparison with those that have medium or higher levels of income. This is an unethical practice that has contributed to increase in mortality rates among such individuals especially children and women that are more vulnerable (Carrel & Rennie, 2008).
Another ethical implication of lack of investigation is increased level of injustice in the society. This therefore, makes some people to feel abandoned and not cared for. This increases resentment and bitterness among the population hence the likelihood of resistance and as well loss of hope (Parrella et al., 2013). For instance, failing to report cases of outbreaks to the relevant authorities can be caused by lack of modalities for the people to voice their concerns. This therefore, causes increased spread of diseases and outbreaks that lead to higher levels of deaths.
Another ethical implication of failing to investigate diseases is increased incidences of corruption and lack of planning (Carrel & Rennie, 2008). Many people will be forced to pay bribes as they seek for medication and this increases the level of corruption. Failing to investigate diseases and conditions means that the authorities have poor planning policies on prevention and management of diseases in the developing countries.
The body responsible for establishing, maintaining, and monitoring public health surveillance systems in developing countries is the government. Governments of these countries have the responsibility to ensure that appropriate policies are implemented to ensure that enough measures are in place to investigate diseases and other conditions (Carrel & Rennie, 2008). The government is required to work closely with the public health institutions, private sector and other nongovernmental organizations to ensure that there is enough surveillance systems in the country to enhance provision of quality healthcare to all the people. Government is expected to provide funding for such programs as one of the mechanisms or strategies of managing and preventing various diseases.
In conclusion, it is important that countries adopt preventive measures as a strategy to manage diseases. One of the ways is through surveillance of disease for early management. Developing countries lag behind because of lack of failing to put surveillance measures in place. The government is responsible in ensuring that appropriate policies are in place to investigate diseases. Governments as well provide financial support, advice as well as partnering with other stakeholders to ensure disease surveillance in their countries.
References
Carrel, M., & Rennie, S. (2008). Demographic and health surveillance: longitudinal ethical
In today’s technology-driven world, communication often occurs through the use of electronic devices. From cell phones to computers, society relies on these electronic devices on a regular basis. In response to this trend, many agencies and governments are promoting the use of electronic communication tools such as electronic health records (EHRs). For instance, the Canadian government has funded billions of dollars toward the use of EHRs (Health Canada, 2009; Office of the Auditor General of Canada, 2010.
Select two Canadian disease surveillance systems of interest to you. Then, consider the implications of EHRs for each of the systems.
post a brief description of each of the Canadian surveillance systems you selected. Describe how EHRs are used in the two systems, noting similarities and differences between the two you selected. Analyze the potential challenges and opportunities of using EHRs in a similar manner in your own country. Provide recommendations for how those challenges might be addressed. Respond to a colleague who provided different recommendations and/or who addressed different systems than you.
Use APA formatting for your discussion and to cite your resources.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Canadian Surveillance Systems and EHRs
There are many forms of Canadian Surveillance Systems that are currently in use. Among them include the Canadian Chronic Disease Surveillance System (Diabetes) and the Canadian Communicable Disease Surveillance System. The Chronic Disease Surveillance System (Diabetes) became established in 1997. The system was to use of administrative health data to collect information about diabetes and manage it effectively. Electronic Health Records have an implication on the surveillance system. For example, with the data, the surveillance systems for diabetes can identify the trends in diabetes (Robitaille et al., 2012). Hence, it becomes easier to know if the disease-causing mechanisms are evolving. On the other hand, the Canadian Communicable Disease Surveillance System is a disease monitoring and evaluation procedure that takes care of changes in the health of a population ((James et al., 2012). As a result, it takes into consideration their care, prevention and control programs (James et al., 2012).
With the use of EHRs in health facilities, there are some similarities and differences that the two Canadian surveillance systems incur. For example, EHR data has not yet become fully centralized (Terry et al., 2008). As a result, it happens that the two forms of surveillance have different EHR units that they have their data input for future use in surveillance. The analysis of data from various surveillance systems also does qualify in uniformity (Terry et al., 2008). Hence, there are differences between communicable and chronic diseases surveillance in relation to EHR programs. However, there are also similarities. HER policies are uniform across the platform, and when it comes to disease surveillance systems, they apply in equal measures.
Using EHR has challenges, and they depend on the country that they are being applied, in my country; the use of EHR systems will undergo major setbacks due to inconsistency in data collection and reporting. Quality reporting requirements provide another challenge that comes with the usage of electronic reporting in my country. There are situations where the information fed into the systems will not represent the reality. In the process, the information will mislead causing the reporting systems to make a wrong perception and conclusion. There are several issues that come with the use of EHR systems. Among them include feasibility of the data and its viability (Terry et al., 2008). Additionally, other challenges include the challenge of taking up a well-tested measure to see if they apply in the right frames.
Despite some of these challenges very general, they apply to my native country and are very rampant. To deal with them, it becomes important to consider their source and come up with a strategy. Governments should come out and engage in engage in health research to see how to improve the surveillance systems. With the possibility of succeeding, most of the issues that come with the condition will reduce in their sharpness or become eradicated altogether.
One of my colleagues chose to address the blood transfusion surveillance system used in Canada. For this type of surveillance system, there is a high likelihood that it has success chances. For example, in the collection of information from the blood transfusions and donations taking place, the data collected becomes huge. Hence, it is used to check diseases in the blood, and how it reacts in different individuals. In the end, all the information and surveillance will have a greater positive effect. Most the systems however work in a similar ways with the only difference coming from their application and use of EHR systems.
References
James, R. C., Blanchard, J. F., Campbell, D., Clottey, C., Osei, W., Svenson, L. W., &
Noseworthy, T. W. (2003). A model for non-communicable disease surveillance in Canada: the prairie pilot diabetes surveillance system. Chronic diseases in Canada, 25(1), 7-12.
Practicum Experience:Journal Entry on Abdominal Pain
Order Instructions:
Practicum Experience: Journal Entry
After completing this week’s Practicum Experience:
1).Reflect on a patient who presented with abdominal pain, (Write a description of a patient with abdominal pain including signs and symptom).
2) Describe the patient’s personal and medical history
3) What are the patient’s drug therapy and treatments?
4) What are the patient’s follow-up care?
NOTE: If you did not evaluate a patient with this background during the last 6 weeks, you may select a related case study from a reputable source or reflect on previous clinical experiences.
Required Resources, you may choose from another textbook or articles
Readings
• Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
o Part 12, “Evaluation and Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders” (pp. 612–722)
This part examines the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of several GI disorders. It also describes diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, and management methods for GI disorders.
o Part 20, “Evaluation and Management of Infectious Disease”
? Chapter 234, “Infectious Diarrhea” (pp. 1263–1271)
This chapter describes characteristics of three types of infectious diarrhea and identifies the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, treatment options, and possible causes of the disorder.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Practicum Experience: Journal Entry on Abdominal Pain
Abdominal patient care involves the reflection of a past activity, reflection and evaluation that leads development of knowledge and understanding of concepts broadly. This involves a sequence of activities including description of what things that have taken place, feelings that are developed by the individuals involved, evaluation of the right and wrong things in the experience, analysis of the situation, conclusion and a decision on what to do in order to handle the matter.
Bed bathing, as one of the requirement of taking care of a patient suffering from abdominal pains, is a vital part of a patient’s hygiene as it stimulates circulation and relaxes the body. A proper bed bath involves gathering of the necessary equipment like disposable gloves, waste bag, wash cloth, bedpan, towels and soap. A patient is given a bedpan or urinal before bathing, bed bathing is a private procedure, which may make the patient feel embarrassed, and it is important to respect privacy by covering them with clean sheets and putting curtains around their bed (Barker, 2013). Washing of patients begins from the furthest extremity to prevent dripping water across the already cleaned parts. Placing the hand and legs of patients in water is a procedure which helps them to feel fresh and it softens their nails.
During bed bathing, the nurse communicates with the patient and performs checking of the body to get clear information on the client’s progress. The process of communication is one which helps in evaluation of services’ quality hence improving the relationship between patients and health assistants (Buttaro, Trybulski, Polgar & Sandberg-Cook, 2013). Patients get their bed bath under the supervision of a registered bank nurse, after washing the patient the nurse helped to apply cavillion cream on the patient’s bottom, the patient had a moisture lesion on the skin.
During bed bathing, the nurse needs to make a decision on the kind of cream, spray or oil to use depending on the type of skin the patient has. Creams are advisable for moisturized intact skins while sprays are important for dry and broken skin due to their ability to moisturize the skin (Peate & Peate, 2012).
Nurses need to get updated information on how to treat bedridden patients to avoid conflicts with the patients and their assistant practitioners. According to researches carried out in the nursing field, the nurses and medical practitioners require continuous trainings and facilities that expose them to the updated information to avoid making mistakes with their patients (Timby, 2009). From research, it is clear that there are many nurses who make mistakes out of ignorance. Clear and relevant information exist in books and articles on handling of the patient’s skin depending on the moisture level to avoid infections and creating
In conclusion, from the information provided in the paper that discussing professional issues within an environment where clients are available is not okay. Looking at the healthcare sector as explained in the paper, it was not appropriate for the nurse and the other employee to argue on the patient’s caretaking procedure while the patient overheard. Patients in the first place are individuals who are weak and ought to be taken good care of because they need to recover from their illness and regain their health and strength (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2011). They are individuals who should be given full care making sure that their environment is conducive for them.
References
Barker, J. H. (2013). Evidence-based practice for nurses. London: SAGE.
Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
Digital Dashboard for tuberculosis.
This portion of your Scholar-Practitioner Project (Digital dash board for tuberculosis) requires that you put to use the informatics display techniques.create a mock-up screen of a “digital dashboard” for tuberculosis disease surveillance system. Include a framework for the display of data based on the algorithm using appropriate graphics, symbols, and words., and words. You may use PowerPoint, Word, Prezi, or a program of your choosing to create the screen. Additionally, you may choose to annotate the mock-up as appropriate.
Please save the mock-up in one of the following formats:
PowerPoint file: Use “.ppt” extension
Word file: Use “.doc” extension
Prezi file: Use “.pez” extension
PDF file: Use “.pdf” extension
Image file: Use “.jpg” or “.gif” extension
Rich text file: Use “.rtf” extension
Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this week’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association to ensure your in-text citations and reference list are correct.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Digital Dashboard for Tuberculosis
Week 5 information: Tuberculosis disease surveillance system
TB disease surveillance system is essential in ensuring closer monitoring and management of the disease. The system must function appropriately to have tangible benefits to the users. Quality assurance is very critical part of any surveillance system that operates successful. Quality assurance ensures that the system is continuously monitored evaluated and data is improved.
In US, national tuberculosis Surveillance System (NTSS) is located at the division of tuberculosis Elimination (DTBE) and functions as the national repository of TB disease surveillance data. Center for Diseases control and prevention receive information/data from the various jurisdictions reports through a standardized data collection from known as RVCT) Report of Verified of Case OF Tuberculosis (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2014).
The RVCT is usually revised on period basis to take into consideration the new changes in the disease epidemiology. The latest implementation was done in the year 2009 and it incorporated more recent development such as web-based systems. There is still a lot that have been done to ensure that data is collected and reported well to ensure that adequate information is available. Various teams form partnerships with public health officials and other local professionals to develop and in launching of national training programs on the new RVCT (WHO, 2014). These initiatives are undertake to foster or enhance quality of data collected. In management of TB, it is critical to have enough data or information about the prevalence of the diseases. This information on the areas the disease is prevalence as well helps to come up with appropriate strategies to manage the disease.
Five factors require consideration to ensure quality assurance of the tuberculosis surveillance systems. These components includes, case detection, data accuracy, data completeness, data timeliness and data security and confidentiality (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2014). Case detection is the first aspect. Once an instance of specific diseases or even exposure such as TB is done, a health care worker reports it. This information as well is collected from laboratory work or from a medical or a vetenary care. The observation or such incidence should be diagnosed and verified.
Data accuracy is another important component of quality assurance. The submitted data need to match with the patient record at the location or point of care (Arkansas Department of Health, 2014). The data recorded in the surveillance system need to remain consistent with the activities that happened in the clinical encounter if they were not clinically appropriate or if they were clinically appropriate.
The third component is data completeness. This measure helps to ascertain whether information submitted has complete set of data items or not (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2014). This is very important as it ensures that any information stored in the system is complete and therefore can be relied in the future. This requires verification of such information to ensure that it is complete and meets the threshold set for data completeness.
Data is also required to factor in the aspect of timeliness. It is important that prompt reporting of surveillance data is done to the health authorities. Once the information is accessed, it is very important that this information is reported immediately to provide an appropriate mechanisms responding to the same and instituting to preventive mechanism.
The last component is data security and confidentiality. Security of data entails measures in place geared at protecting data of public health and information systems from accessibility by unauthorized release (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2014). It also involves measures concerning information identification, loss of information and damage of the systems. Data confidentiality aims to protect personal information gathered by public health organizations. Personal information should not be released to third parties without the consent of the owner of the information or the patients.
Quality Assurance components of TB surveillance system
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (CDC). (2014). Tuberculosis Information Management System (TIMS) Replacements. Retrieved from: http://www.cdc.gov/tb/programs/tims/NEDSS.
