Write a 750-word essay that analyzes the poem below.
One of the pages has to be the thesis and outline to use to organize your ideas. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using current APA format.
Discussion of audiences, and the accompanying theme
The reader as the audience, and the accompanying theme
The mariners as the audience, and the accompanying theme
Himself as the audience and the theme in this stage
Conclusion
Thesis Statement
The poem Ulysses features a monologue by Ulysses, the king and his verbalizing of thoughts he has about his relationship with his current responsibilities, as husband to an ailing wife, father to a capable heir to the throne, leader of a group of mariners who he adventures with and finally as the leader of a nation he feels is not performing as per its current potential. This poem stands out because all of this information is conveyed exclusively through the dialogue by the persona, Ulysses. Ulysses appears to be a man in a multidimensional dilemma with each parameter involved being of great importance and this is aggravated by the fact that he feels he is running out of time and has to make a decision about what to do whether to honor his obligation to his wife, the people he rules over or to his spirit of adventure.
Ulysses to his ailing wife
At the start of the poem the speaker starts by complaining about the fact that he is confined to his home taking care of his wife whose health is not doing well. He has been with his wife for a long time and now that she is ill, he is obligated to stay at home and oversee whatever care she gets as well as any other specific request there is. While this is very important, he quickly. His problem is not that he has to take care of his wife, his biggest problem is that he is rather still at home and believes that this is making him waste away as well. For him, progress and survival during travels are the things that help to keep one ‘fit’ (Jump, 2013).
Himself as the audience
As stated above, this is a monologue and this essentially means that he can hear everything that is being said. There are however specific sections of the speech he gives that address him as the target of the words being spoken. These are of course being done within the context of the larger monologue. When he is talking to himself, he is addressing his intensely strong desire to travel and adventure as he has done most of his life. He feels that this is the only way he gets to actually live life and be productive. The fact that life at home is sedentary without new challenges appears to bore him and make him feel irrelevant. This is seen in the way he addresses the people he leads as ‘unarmed’ suggesting that he is somewhat bored by the continuous and uneventful peace, the lack of arms suggesting the presence of a sustained tranquility in the area. He has to address himself as he feels that these travels are the only way his life gets to have some meaning. This is perhaps an effort to justify his decision to leave his ailing wife. He is of the strong belief that these travels have made him the man he is and he therefore needs to remain loyal to them (Faas, 2014).
Ulysses to the people being ruled
Given that his possible travel is bound to take him away from his duty as the king for a long time and possibly for eternity, he owes the people he is ruling an explanation and also a reassurance that they will be in good hands when he is away. He introduces Telemachus, his son as an able successor. He further goes ahead to describe the leadership qualities the son has, coupled with the virtues he is known to hold. This appears to be an informal handing over and resignation to the fact that he has resolved to travel the seas for the rest of his life. He says that this will be his work while the son does the work of ruling the isle (Tennyson, n.d.).
Ulysses message to the Mariners
As the monologue draws to a close, Ulysses talks to the mariners who are the sailors he traveled the seas with. He reminds them of all the adventures they have had together and this appears to be somewhat of a pitch given the fact that they have also aged and are weary.
The king is desperate to hold on to and maximize on whatever life he has left inside of him. While he has some other serious obligations to attend to, it is evident that he feels there is more to life than the glamour of being a king. It seems like he spent most a great of his life giving to others and never really got a chance to enjoy it for himself. He is almost at the end of his life and deeply desires a chance to do what he loves most, travel the seas, adventure and enjoy his existence to the maximum (Tate, 2012).
Reference
Faas, E. (2014). Retreat into the Mind: Victorian Poetry and the Rise of Psychiatry. Princeton University Press.
Jump, J. D. (2013). Lord Alfred Tennyson: the critical heritage. Routledge.
Tate, G. P. (2012). The Last Lines of’Ulysses’. Tennyson Research Bulletin, 10(1), 66-70.
Tenison, A (n.d.) Ulysses
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The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell vs. The Child by Tiger by Thomas Wolfe
Order Instructions:
FICTION ESSAY INSTRUCTIONS
Write a 750-word (3–4-pages) essay that compares and contrasts 2 stories from the Fiction Unit. Before you begin writing the essay, carefully read the guidelines for developing your paper topic that are given below. Review the Fiction Essay Grading Rubric to see how your submission will be graded. Gather all of your information, plan the direction of your essay, and organize your ideas by developing a 1-page thesis statement and outline for your essay. Format the thesis statement and the outline in a single Word document using current MLA, APA, or Turabian style (whichever corresponds to your degree program).
The essay is due on Monday of Module/Week 3 and must include:
a title page,
a thesis/outline page,
the essay itself followed by a works cited/references page of any primary or secondary texts cited in the essay.
Guidelines for Developing Your Paper Topic
Read the following short stories to compare and contrast in your essay:
• “The Child by Tiger” by Thomas Wolfe
• “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell.
Also, make at least 1 of these elements of fiction the focus of your essay:
• Conflict/Plot/Structure,
• Characterization,
• Setting,
• Theme/Authors’ Purposes,
• Point of View, and/or
• Tone/Style/Irony/Symbol/Imagery.
If you need help focusing your essay, ask yourself questions that correspond to your chosen element(s).
Conflict/Plot/Structure (This is not a summary of the stories)
• What are the basic conflicts? How do these conflicts build tension, leading to major, complicated incidents and climactic moment(s)?
• What are the ways in which each major character experiences conflict (either with self, with other characters, or with the social and/or physical environment)?
• How are the conflicts resolved? Do the protagonists succeed in achieving their goals?
• Who receives your deepest sympathy and why?
Characterization
• Who are the main characters in the stories?
• What are their outstanding qualities? Does the author give any indication as to how or why the character developed these qualities?
• What are the characters’ emotions, attitudes, and behaviors? What do these indicate to the reader about the character?
• Can the characters’ motivations be determined from the text?
Setting
• Where and when do the stories take place (remember to include such details as geographic location, time of year, time period, if the setting is rural or urban, etc.)?
• Do the settings make the stories believable or credible? How does setting impact the plot of the story, and how would the plot be affected if the story took place in another setting?
• Are the characters influenced by their setting? How might they behave if they were in a different setting?
• What atmosphere or mood does the setting create (for example, darkness may create a mood of fear or unhappiness while light or bright colors may create one of happiness)?
• Is the setting or any aspect of it a symbol, or does the setting express particular ideas?
• Does setting create expectations that are the opposite of what occurs?
Theme/Authors’ Purposes
• What is the major theme (or themes) of each story?
• Are the themes of the stories similar or different?
• How does the author convey the theme (or themes) to the reader?
• How do the stories’ themes relate to the authors’ purposes (some examples of author purposes are to entertain, to satirize, to realistically portray life’s problems, to analyze emotions and responses, and/or to communicate a moral message)?
• What unique style, techniques, or devices do the writers use to communicate their themes?
Tone/Style/Irony/Symbol
• How would you describe the tone of the piece?
• Does the tone correspond with the action occurring in the plot?
• What style does the author use (for example, one way an author might satirize is by including a lot of ironies, hyperbole, and unrealistic scenarios)?
• How might the story be different if the tone or style is changed?
• Does the writer use irony or symbols to communicate the message?
The essay compares and contrasts two short stories. These are The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell and The Child by Tiger by Thomas Wolfe. The essay focuses on the following elements of fiction: conflict, theme, and imagery. Each of the two short stories has different themes, and imagery. However, they have the same conflicts.
Outline for the essay
Theme
In The Child by Tiger, the themes are: (i) both evil and violence exist within the human soul alongside goodness and gentleness, and (ii) like every other aspect of nature, human nature comprises 2 sides – one side is chaotic and repulsive whereas the other side is orderly and beautiful. In The Most Dangerous Game, the main theme is Violence and Cruelty. For instance, Zaroff shows off the heads of animals he has slayed and after he has described his latest prey, he refers to his latest collection of heads that are apparently human (Connell 157).
Conflict
In The Child by Tiger by Thomas Wolfe, the following conflicts are evident: person versus person, person versus nature, and person versus self. There are also conflicts of whites versus whites, whites versus blacks, and blacks versus blacks. In The Most Dangerous Game by Richard Connell, the conflicts include Human versus Human, Human versus Nature and Human versus Self.
Imagery
In The Child by Tiger, after Dick Prosser is first introduced, he appears a very religious, multi-talented and gentle person. Almost immediately however, Thomas Wolfe starts a consistent reference to Dick Prosser as a person who is very cat-like in nature, and who draws on his sly agility, speed and prowess (Wolfe 134). Thus, it could be gathered by the readers that the tiger symbolizes Dick Prosser. In The Most Dangerous Game, ungovernable, wild and teeming, the jungle powerfully symbolizes general Zaroff’s twisted psyche as well as the chaos in the island. In addition, the jungle symbolizes restriction and Rainsford’s loss of control given that it obstructs his efforts of returning to civilization.
Works cited
Connell, Richard. The Most Dangerous Game. Print. 1949.
Wolfe, Thomas. “The Child By Tiger.” Saturday Evening Post 210.11 (1937): 10-102. Academic Search Premier. Web. 1 Sept. 2015.
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Evaluating The New American Century by Arundhati Roy
Evaluating The New American Century by Arundhati Roy
A clear explanation of those criteria and reasoning for why applying such criteria is useful when evaluating Roy’s essay.
Specific explanations of how the text meets or fails to meet your criteria. You will need to refer to specific passages and quote from Roy’s text to do
this effectively.
It will be useful to consult Anne Applebaum’s review in The New York Review of Books of Sheryl Sandburg’s Lean In for an example of effective evaluation. In addition, refer to Chapter Ten, “Evaluating Arguments,” in Faigley and Selzer.
Some criteria to consider that might work for this text: Is Roy’s depiction of the U.S. as a market-driven Empire compelling and well-supported? Is the point
of view—the “we” Roy refers to throughout—an effective one for her argument? Does she successfully define what she means by “New Empire”? And finally, is the essay likely to change your thinking?
Your paper should adhere to APA formatting guidelines (you do not need a title page, however). Your essay should be typed, double-spaced, and the page set to ‘margins. APA recommends a 12 pt. Times New Roman font. At the top of every page, page numbers should appear in a header on the right and your title, in caps, on the left.
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Write a 3000 – 4000 word essay that focuses on “adaptations of Othello from 1908 to 2012, including Orson Welles’ 1952 and Oliver Parker’s 1995 versions
but also the films that are built on the Shakespearean plot but prefer not to use Shakespeare’s text, such as O, directed by Tim Blake Nelson in 2001. (You
may) also focus on less full-fledged versions of Othello… (and) references to the play on all kinds of screens (TV, cinema, computer).”
This description comes from Shakespeare on Screen: Othello, a conference of scholars that met in France in 2012, and your task is to write a paper that might be accepted to that conference. The conference announcement goes on to suggest several possible approaches:
how the play is (textually, aesthetically, ideologically, etc.) transformed when directed for the screen;
what each adaptation reveals about the culture in which it is set;
how Shakespeare’s playscript (or plot) interacts with national ideologies and representations
how the screen versions have been influenced and shaped by previous theatre productions;
how gender and racial issues are treated on screen.
Follow your own interests; there’s no one right way to write your paper as long as it includes an introduction, a review of literature, an argument that
supports your thesis, a conclusion, and a works cited page in MLA format. Just keep in mind that you’re writing to participate in a scholarly conversation;
your paper should address claims made by other scholars and make an attempt to contribute your own perspective to our conversation on Othello.
We watch some films about Othello, here is the list
Othello (1952 film) Orson Welles
A Double Life (1947) George Cukor
Othello (1995 film) Oliver Parker
O (2001 film) Tim Blake Nelson
I will upload my class packages, there are some essays talk about these films, my instructor let me according to these essasy and other scholars source u can find on website, library and so on.
There are two blog guides from my instructor can help u narrow the topics
Blog 8: Review of Literature
We’ve looked at hundreds of claims from eight different essays about film adaptations of Othello. Now it’s time to determine which critical conversation interests you. Identify a general discussion area that shows what several scholars have already said about an aspect of Othello that interests you. Write one or two paragraphs (at least 300 words) that lets us “listen” to that critical conversation. This is the first draft of a critical section of your research paper.
Hint: the Review of Literature in the sample research paper (“A Bogus Hero” by Nicholas Jones) is at the bottom of the second page.
Blog 7
Time to narrow your research project down to a topic! Look over the list of claims you posted for Blog 6, as well as the claims posted by others, and try to
identify three or four claims that speak to a topic that interests you. Write a few informal paragraphs today about that topic, the claims that relate to it,
and any additional claims relating to the topic that you can find through research. If you have an idea of what you’d like to say in response to these
claims, go ahead and include your thoughts. This is a rough draft for next week’s Review of Literature assignment; go ahead and do the hard, thinking work
now. Finally, make sure you include the MLA in-text citation for the sources you quote and paraphrase. (Note: If you find additional claims through research
and the sources aren’t yet posted on the site, post them. This is a good week to get caught up on your resource points.)
***Suggested comments: Look for other students who chose a similar topic as your own and challenge the assumptions they make or point out logical fallacy problems or questions raised by
their posts.
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Requirements:
In your review you need to critically:
situate the book in the existing literature
explain the novelty and development of the author’s argument
highlight the key points within their argument and
critically assess the coherence of their argument
assess the author’s evidence and argumentation by comparing and contrasting with the analyses of other authors
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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Time is a precious commodity, and as a researcher student you are keenly aware of its value. You are expected to be thorough and exhaustive in your search for academic resources. These expectations don’t only exist so you can avoid duplicating existing research; they also empower and prepare you to contribute to the foundations of thinking and practice in your chosen area of interest. One key to meeting these expectations is to develop proficiency in online searching.
In a 2 page word documents well written in APA, Share your tips and suggestions for finding relevant academic literature. These tips may relate to navigating particular electronic databases, applying general searching techniques, constructing search term queries, broadening or narrowing your initial search results, finding monographs and other resources, or other topics.
Please note to properly format your paper in APA using in text citations and proper grammar as you compose the paper.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Tips and tricks for literature searches
A literature search is a thorough and systematic search for published materials in order to find a variety of quality materials that meets your academic needs. To succeed in literature search one needs to have a good knowledge of how to traverse the web in an effort to find academic materials which are relevant to your topic of focus. The academic materials on the internet that one may be searching for may be academic journals, books, articles among others (Ridley, D., 2012).
There exists guidelines, mostly not written, that show the way that most researchers use to successfully find materials of relevance on the web. This paper is going to give some tips and tricks of conducting a successful literature search.
First, one needs to understand the topic of focus. You need to do a background study of encyclopedias and texts in order to get context of the terminologies used in the topic of discussion. The comprehension of the topic of focus entails one knowing what matters most (Bell, J., 2014). After successfully identifying the topic of focus, it is only then that you can move to the next step.
The second step is understanding the scope of your search. This refers to whether one is researching for what purpose. The purposes include a comprehensive research, focused research or studying for a particular topic. This will help you put boundaries on the areas of search on all online database. A limit is created, and helps you now when you have gotten enough literature that satisfy your course (Bell, J., 2014).
It is prudent to also use the help of other people who are higher than you in the academic ladder. These people include lecturers, professors, and doctors among other whom you may have access to. They will assist in a great way towards your successful search. The insight you may get from them will help you know the related disciplines to the topic of focus. Only after achieving this is when you will be able to prioritize your search for literature.
A very important tip when searching online for literature. Search terms play a very important role in a literature search (Kroft et al., 2014). If a researcher gets the correct terms, then half the work is done. Search terms refer to key words or phrases that one uses to locate reliable information on the web. Search terms can be identified by working with the title of the topic of discussion.
Following the systematic method above. We then move to the next step of identifying the resources to search. The most relevant literature on the net are academic texts and journals. Once one has decided on what resources he/she wants to search then the searching process can begin online.
The searching process involves using search techniques. These search techniques helps the researcher to find a variety of results online. It is up to the researcher to filter the results and use materials that he or she finds useful. The usefulness of these materials will be gauged by the relevance credibility and publication date (Ridley, D., 2012).
The researcher may have found interesting literature, but only the one that appear most relevant will be chosen for use. The credibility of these materials is also a measure of successful searches. The researcher’s task is to pick material that is of acceptable and reputable source.
Then comes the issue of date of publication. Is the published material from this time period still credible for the purposes of you work?
In conclusion, there proper way to search for literature online is a systematic process. Therefore, a researcher needs to be keen in conducting his search in a systematic manner as the one shown in the paragraphs above.
Kroft, K., & Pope, D. G. (2014). Does online search crowd out traditional search and improve matching efficiency? Evidence from Craigslist. Journal of Labor Economics, 32(2), 259-303.
Ridley, D. (2012). The literature review: A step-by-step guide for students. Sage.
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Paper Question:
How is a good Buddhist depicted in the Dhammapada? Are there features of this depiction that fit with the images? That fit with the narrative depictions in art? Or are the two (teachings and art) quite different?
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Dharmapada is a religious book that is used by people who practice the Buddhist Faith. It is divided into several chapters that discuss life principles of what would make the reader a good Buddhist. The various verses of the Dharmapada are divided into various themes that if followed will lead the reader to enlightenment. The verses of the Dharmapada achieve this through the provision of advice to the reader on how he or she can interact more productively with his or her environment. The fourth chapter for instance the fourth chapter draws parallels between real life and the bee’s interaction with a flower to emphasize the importance of one not being destructive to his or her surrounding while making use of resources at his or her disposal (Pereira, 1978). The seventh chapter on the other hand discusses the manner in which the believers need to be at peace with humanity by divorcing oneself from all forms or manner of selfishness. This chapter also discusses the nobility that one achieves by being committed to his or her duty without imposing himself on the world but rather embracing the state of being a part of it. Good Buddhists are also expected to be keen on avoiding Evil at all costs as this makes life much easier down the line. The principles that are presented in the Dharmapada can be summarized as a series of teachings that define a good Buddhist as one who strives to be at peace with everyone and everything around his life while giving his best in the same regard (Byron, 2010).
While the Dharmapada is primarily a textual document, there are several illustrative images that have been made to accompany the narrative. Images that accompany text, especially religious text are usually included with the aim of strengthening the message contained in the texts. The artwork that is used alongside the text in this religious text is mostly in tandem with the messages that are contained with the verses about what it means to be a good Buddhist. The mood carried by most of the images communicates a message of tranquility but there appears to be a grave error that is carried in all of them. In nearly all of the images starting with the cover image for the text’s different versions, the human subject or element is placed in the middle. This suggests an element of selfishness and the fact that humanity is the most important element in each of the environments. This is done by centering the image of the human or focusing on the same. The more powerful images however are those that show the human subject interacting positively with nature. The common image for this is that of the individual maintaining a meditation like position and others include the human subject appearing to feed a monkey (Rahula, 2007).
The message of the Dharmapada mainly gives guidelines on how the individual can achieve nobility by avoiding all vices basically through changing his or her attitude towards life. The images used to illustrate these verses’ messages are a good effort as they help in enabling the readers to form a tangible image or form tangible mental references for the insights they are getting. As one reads he or she gets to place him in the various hypothetical yet practical situations contained in the images.
Successful completion of a doctoral dissertation requires significant amounts of independent reading on the research topic. This allows the doctoral learner/researcher to become familiar with the scope of the topic and to identify gaps or tensions within the existing literature on the topic. These gaps and tensions become the source of the dissertation research. In this assignment, you will read and annotate potential sources in your dissertation field of interest. Those demonstrating the most merit to the best of your understanding of the topic at this time should be added to your RefWorks list for potential inclusion in the literature review section of your dissertation.
General Requirements:
Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:
• It is recommended that you engage in this activity throughout the duration of this course.
• Instructors will be scoring your submission based on the number of unique sources identified in the list submitted.
• Download the resource Literature Review Resources Tool and use it to complete the assignment.
• Doctoral learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. The APA Style Guide is located in the Student Success Center.
• Refer to the resource, “Preparing Annotated Bibliographies,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.
Directions:
Read at least 10 empirical articles in your general dissertation field Doctor of Education in Organizational Leadership with an Emphasis in Health Care Administration
In the “Literature Review Resources” document, provide the following for each source:
1 The APA formatted citation.
2 A brief annotation of the key points of the source.
3 An indication of whether the source has been added to (Y) or excluded from (N) your RefWorks list.
References
Frieden, T. R. (2010). A framework for public health action: The health impact pyramid. American Journal of Public Health, 100(4), 590–595.
Jones, C. P., Jones, C. Y., Perry, G. S., Barclay, G., & Jones, C. A. (2009). Addressing the social determinants of children’s health: A cliff analogy. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(Suppl. 4), 1–12.
Stuckler, D., King, L., & McKee, M. (2009). Mass privatization and the post-communist mortality crisis: A cross-national analysis. Lancet, 373(9661), 399–407.
Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Press. o Chapter 13, “Dysfunctional Societies” (pp. 173–196).
Jones, C. P., Jones, C. Y., Perry, G. S., Barclay, G., & Jones, C. A. (2009). Addressing the social determinants of children’s health: A cliff analogy. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 20(Suppl. 4), 1–12.
Stuckler, D., King, L., & McKee, M. (2009). Mass privatization and the post-communist mortality crisis: A cross-national analysis. Lancet, 373(9661), 399–407.
Wilkinson, R., & Pickett, K. (2010). The spirit level: Why greater equality makes societies stronger. New York, NY: Bloomsbury Press. o Chapter 13,“Dysfunctional Societies” (pp. 173–196).
Stuckler, D., King, L., & McKee, M. (2009). Mass privatization and the post-communist mortality crisis: A cross-national analysis. Lancet, 373(9661), 399–407.
The PLoS Medicine Editors. (2010). Social relationships are key to health, and to health policy. PLoS Medicine, 7(8), 1–2.
National Rural Health Mission. (2012). RSBY-Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojnab. Retrieved from http://www.rsby.gov.in/
The impact of varied types interventions in public health are described in this paper using a 5-tier pyramid, which provides a health improvement framework. The greatest potential impact interventions are presented at the base of the pyramid, including the efforts aimed at addressing health’s socio-economic determinants. Moving up the pyramid there is a progressive change in interventions from those which involve making healthy default decisions individually to clinical interventions requiring minimal contact but conferring sustained protection and direct clinical care that is ongoing as well as counseling and health education. The author reiterates that interventions that focus on the pyramid’s lower levels have higher efficiency since their reach is broader in the society and minimal individual effort is required. However, for optimal public health benefits that are sustained to be achieved, the need to implement the necessary interventions at each level is inevitable.
Jones, C. P., Jones, C. Y., Perry, G. S., Barclay, G., & Jones, C. A. (2009). Addressing the social determinants of children’s health: A cliff analogy. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved,20(Suppl. 4A), 1–12. (Y)
The authors of this paper presents an illustration of health interventions in three dimensions using a ‘cliff analogy’ for the purpose of helping people who are falling off the good health cliff. The paper illustrates how this goal can be achieved through provision of health services, as well as making sure that the social determinants of equity and health are succinctly addressed. A review of the analogy shows that, health care services are represented by an ambulance at the cliff’s bottom, a trampoline or net located halfway down the cliff, and a fence at the cliff’s top. There population should be deliberately moved away from the cliff’s edge in order to ensure that social determinants of health are addressed. Furthermore, it should also be acknowledged that the cliff has three dimensions for the social determinants of equity to be addressed, which mean that it has to involve measures on practices, structures, norms, policies, and values that are aimed at enabling differential distribution of risks and resources along the cliff’s face. As a result, the authors affirm that health’s social determinants (i.e. poverty) and equity’s social determinants (i.e. racism) have to be addressed if health outcomes are to be improved and health disparities are to be eliminated.
Stuckler, D., King, L., & McKee, M. (2009). Mass privatization and the post-communist mortality crisis: A cross-national analysis. Lancet,373(9661), 399–407. (Y)
During the beginning of 1990s, in most European countries that were post-communist there was a significant increase in adult mortality and over time the substantial variations across nations is not yet fully explained. However, there are previous empirical studies that have suggested that economic transition pace between countries has been the main driver the rise in mortality rates. This paper delves into the investigation of whether these adult mortality rate differences could be accounted by mass privatization. The authors analyses mortality rates based on age standardization among men in the working-age (15-59 years) in eastern European countries that are post-communist as well as the former USSR between 1989 and 2002 using multivariate longitudinal regression. The findings show that there is a relationship between mass privatization programmes and short-term increase in the mortality rates of adult males. This implies that the strategy of economic transition through rapid mass privatization was a key driver of the differential mortality rate trends amongst the post-communist countries; and the reduction of this trend was achieved through increased social capital.
Carey, G., & Crammond, B. (2014). Help or hindrance? Social policy and the ‘social determinants of health’. Australian Social Issues (Australian Social Policy Association),49(4), 489-507. (Y)
Social disadvantage and social inequality issues have been the main focus of research in public health over the recent past. This is attributed to the fact that, social issues such as unemployment and poor housing have been found to significantly influence health care provision, hence they are currently known as ‘the health’s social determinants’. As a result, the authors of this paper note that nowadays public health majorly involves issues that in historically were regarded as issues of social policy. The confluence of social policy and public health is discussed in this paper by examining the risk posed and opportunities presented by this convergence for social policy practitioners seeking to reduce inequality and poverty. It is argued that, despite the potential gains that may accrue from close working of the two fields, fundamental differences in approaches and perspectives exist which need to be addressed in order to achieve maximum benefits.
Corr, L., Davis, E., Cook, K., Waters, E., & LaMontagne, A. D. (2014). Fair relationships and policies to support family day care educators’ mental health: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health,14(1), 1-28. (N)
From onset of the paper, the authors emphasize that the extent of child care quality is proportional to the extent of investment in population health, which depends on the providers’ capacity. This means that child care educators’ mental health and wellbeing is crucial to the quality of provided care and turnover, and the perspectives of key sector informants and child care educators on how the mental health and wellbeing of educators is influenced by family day care working conditions are examined in this paper. The authors use semi-structured interviews through telephone among family day care educators and key informants representing government, family day care schemes representatives as well as other relevant stakeholders in Australia. The findings show a strong relationship between the mental health of educators with the quality of family day care schemes because the created social relationships establishes working conditions for the educators that may either diminish or promote their mental health and wellbeing. The authors affirm that this necessitates formulation of policies to protect and promote mental health and wellbeing of the family day care educators in Australia.
Kondilis, E., Giannakopoulos, S., Gavan, M., Ierodiakonou, I., Waitzkin, H., & Benos, A. (2013). Economic Crisis, Restrictive Policies, and the Population’s Health Care: The Greek Case. American Journal of Public Health, 103(6), 973-979. (N)
The Greek economy has been significantly been affected by the global economy crisis, making the country an essential test of how wellbeing of a population is related to socioeconomic determinants. The paper shows that between 2007 and 2009 there was 22.7% increases in homicide and suicide mortality rates among men; whereas between 2010 and 2011 substance abuse, infectious disease morbidity, and mental disorders showed a devastating trend. The authors affirm that there was a rise in the use of primary care services and public inpatient services by 21.9% and 6.2% between 2009 and 2011. However, during the economic crisis and increasing public services’ demand coincide with privatization and austerity policies, which further expose the population of Greece to more risks.
Acevedo-Garcia, D., Rosenfeld, L. E., Hardy, E., McArdle, N., & Osypuk, T. L. (2013). Future Directions in Research on Institutional and Interpersonal Discrimination and Children’s Health. American Journal of Public Health, 103(10), 1754-1763. (N)
This paper reiterates that ethnic/racial residential segregation and perceived interpersonal discrimination are the main forms of racial discrimination that influence health disparities among the children. The authors emphasize that despite that these form s of discriminations and health disparities previously focused on adults without considering that they also affect mental health of children negatively. As a result, the authors propose there research directions in this topic such as incorporation of perspectives that are life-course, linking geography into the residential segregation measures and conceptual framework opportunity, as well as a consideration of residential segregation together with other forms of segregations that influence the health of children.
Mahapatro, M. (2014). Mainstreaming Gender: Shift from Advocacy to Policy. Vision (09722629), 18(4), 309-315. (Y)
The authors propose that gender mainstreaming can be taken as holistic strategy for the introduction of gender equality and sensitivity perspective to the policy formulation processes at all levels and stages through a change in practices and norms that reinforce gender inequality. This paper discusses the development process through which gender mainstreaming has led to a shift in policy, especially that concerns public health particularly in India. Considering that gender mainstreaming has been a concept that has for quite long remained underdeveloped, the article suggests the need for gender values to be placed firmly at all stages and levels as well as sectors, as an attempt towards philosophy change requiring gender conceptualization within the culturally defined roles, potentialities and constraints.
Shanahan, D. F., Lin, B. B., Bush, R., Gaston, K. J., Dean, J. H., Barber, E., & Fuller, R. A. (2015). Toward Improved Public Health Outcomes from Urban Nature. American Journal of Public Health, 105(3), 470-477. (Y)
Urban populations’ health has been mounting substantial concern as expansion of cities continues at unprecedented rate. However, green spaces in urban have been considered to provide opportunities for diverse mental and physical health benefits, and pioneering health policy can recognize the need for implementation of a cost effective tool aimed at planning cities that are healthy. As a result, the authors strive at articulating a framework for the identification of both direct and indirect pathways that are casual and that can exploit nature to deliver health benefits.
Auerbach, J. (2015). Creating Incentives to Move Upstream: Developing a Diversified Portfolio of Population Health Measures Within Payment and Health Care Reform. American Journal of Public Health, 105(3), 427-431. (Y)
In this article, the author examines the population health measures’ balanced portfolio development that would be essential based on the prevailing deliberations concerning health care delivery as well as payment reforms. The author identifies five indicators’ categories that range from prevention interventions that concern traditional clinical care to the prevention interventions that measure community level investment for nonclinical services, which in varied combinations can lead to optimal or ideal results.
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One rich source of fallacies is the media: television, radio, magazines, and the Internet. The arguments you experience in your daily life (work, family, shopping) are another source of fallacies. Identify three distinct informal logical fallacies you have experienced in the media or in your life. Explain how the fallacies were used and the context in which they occurred. Then, explain what the person presenting the fallacy should have done to ensure that he or she was not committing a logical error.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Fallacies are part and paercel of every days life. Each day, were are presented with arguments from the mainstream media and colleagues whose premises fail to satisfactorily support a proposed conclusion. An informal fallacy in an argument stems from poor reasoning/logic that renders conclusions that are unfounded or unpersuasive (Mouritsen, 2010).
Appeal to authority fallacy
This type of fallacy is committed when people argue that, simplify because the authorities support a certain course of action or something, it must be true. In other words, if an authority rejects/attacks something, that something must be wrong or untrue. Authorities/ experts can disagree. For instance, consider a trial where each side is required to bring an expert. The experts are bought and therefore, they will make assertions based on the payments they receive from their clients (people or corporations) and not what they believe is true. Sad enough, some authorities/experts may not really be experts in certain pertinent fields. Such “professors of nothing” negatively influence the credibility of arguments hence creating informal fallacies (Mouritsen, 2010).
Dr. Stanley is a PhD professor: he is obviously highly educated, so a student should believe when he says that Hitter didn’t deliberately execute millions of Jews. (Prof. Stanley is a professor in chemical engineering, not history). To eliminate the logical errors in his arguments, the professor needs to familiarize himself with some basic history knowledge.
Appeal to believe
This informal fallacy is committed either explicitly or implicitly when something is believed to be true by “most” people. Because they believe something is true, it must be true. For instance, if according to a recent research by Harris poll, 90 % of the people in the U.S believe in miracles, so we conclude that miracles occur (Mouritsen, 2010). To reduce the commitment of this fallacy, people should question their believes.
Appeal of ignorance fallacy
It’s committed when people fail to prove that something is not true. Many people believe that if they are unable to prove something false, then that something must be true and vice versa (Mouritsen, 2010). For instance, my roommate believes in ghosts because nobody has ever proved that they don’t exist. To eliminate this fallacy, the roommate should carry a personal research on the myth of ghosts.
Reference
Mouritsen, S. C. (2010). The dictionary is not a fortress: Definitional fallacies and a corpus-based approach to plain meaning.Brigham Young University Law Review, 2010(5), 1915-1979. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/866207951?accountid=45049
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Reyna Grande’s The Distance Between Us will benefit young Latinos
Essay prompt 1
The memoir by Reyna Grande is basically the story about illegal immigration. Nonetheless, Grande also narrates other stories and illustrates the way they are all interconnected. It is particularly beneficial for young Latinos since it narrates how poverty forces young Latinos from school and into the ranch. It narrates how mothers abandon their young children and fathers who use alcohol until they end up being violent. In addition, the book narrates how young Latinos transcend their abuse, neglect as well as poverty to live out their dreams in El Otro Lado, or The United States.
Latinos who immigrate to the United States with promises to return back to their country with enough money sometimes find life in the United States very hard which makes them unable to fulfill the promises made. Grande states that the Other Side or El Otro Lado, which is the United States, took away her father when she was just 2 years old. It was in 1980 when recession in Mexico was the worst ever in 5 decades (Grande 6). Grande’s father had left her and her two siblings Carlos and Mago, along with their mother behind in Iguala, Guerrero, a village in Mexico, and dangerously trekked across the border to El Otro Lado. Grande’s father promised to come back soon from El Otro Lado with sufficient money to construct them a dream home wherein they can all live together. Their promises made by their father become harder to believe given that months turn into years. Their father had abandoned them in poverty in Iguala.
He later sends for his wife to join him and Reyna, Mago and Carlos are taken to the household of their grandmother Abuelita Chinta. Grande says “similar to most immigrants, my father had left his native country with high hopes of what life in America would be like” (Grande 7). She adds that “as soon as reality set in and realized that money was not as easy to make as the stories told by people made it seem, he had to make a choice between sending for his wife or going back to his native country with his head held low” (Grande 7). Grande’s father chose to summon his wife with the expectation that both of them would be able to earn the money required for building the house he had been dreaming of and come back to Mexico with delight.
With both their parents gone to El Otro Lado and remaining alone and abandoned, Reyna, Mago and Carlos live with their grandmother who is strict and at times cruel. Reyna narrates dwelling in cardboard homes which flooded during the monsoon rains and scorpions creeping on the walls. Even so, what is more agonizing and distressing is her longing for her mother and father. In child-like, straightforward language, Grande writes: “I felt as if I had some type of scorpion within me that stung my heart repeatedly.” The poverty in the poor Mexican village of Iguala is unyielding and Grande, Mago and Carlos long for affection and love which their grandparents cannot give them. This depicts how young Latinos feel after their mother and/or father has left them for a better life in El Otro Lado.
In the end, their father returns from American and takes them away to El Otro Lado through illegal means and start a new life in this country with their father. They suppose that finally, their troubles are ended. To the young eyes of Reyna, Los Angeles is a magical and eccentric place with unbelievably speedy traffic. Nonetheless, the young Latinos – the Grande siblings – still face difficulties in El Otro Lado. They face discrimination not just from their classmates, but also from their educators. The children struggle to learn the English language and are worried about being deported back to Mexico. Moreover, at home, their father has another woman and Reyna, Carlo, and Mago really miss their mother who has since returned to Mexico.
He drinks and sometimes becomes enraged and beats the Grande children frequently using his fists and belt. In essence, the pain of Mexican memories serves to feed their father’s California dreams, as well as his drinking. In California, he works as a maintenance worker and pushes Mago, Carlos, and Reyna to never miss even a single day of school. When the children defy him, he threatens and disgraces them. He says: “I brought you to America so that you can get education and exploit the opportunities that America has to offer” (Grande 166). Their father added “the moment you walk through the door without As, I am taking you back to my mother’s house” (Grande 166).
As the book ends, Reyna Grande attempts to understand her father. She attempts to comprehend the abuse as well as poverty which he experienced in his childhood and the way it shaped him, and she forgives him. Eventually, her father is the person who really drives her into a better life. Her father tells Grande: “Just because we are illegal here does not imply that we cannot dream,” (Grande 231) and Grande sticks to that. Reyna goes to college and moves in with a college professor so that she can get protection. She is introduced by this professor to Chicano authors and she is not alone anymore.
This story by Reyna Grande is actually not unique. She states that 80% of children who are Latin American have been separated from their mother or father at some point during migration to America. The story gives emphasis to the several struggles faced by these young Latinos. As she depicts her journey through immigration, Grande speaks for young Latinos that grow up torn between 2 different countries; the United States and a Latin American country such as Mexico. Grande also speaks for young Latinos who grow up struggling with poverty, young Latinos who grow up neglected or abused by a parent or grand parent, and young Latinos who one way or another muster the strength to help them in rising out of all that.
Conclusion
In conclusion, after having read Reyna Grande’s Memoir, The Distance Between Us, I feel that the group who might benefit from reading it are young Latinos. This book will benefit young Latinos since they may be able to relate to Reyna Grande’s story, and how Reyna and her Siblings struggled with abandonment and poverty in Mexico with a parent in America. It also illustrates how Latino children who have illegally immigrated to America struggle to learn English as a second language. The memoir also depicts the discrimination faced by young Latinos in school from their teachers and fellow students. As such, this book matters a lot.
Work Cited
Grande, Reyna. The Distance Between Us, 2013. Print.
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