Category: Questions

Crisis at the Starbucks Organization Paper

Crisis at the Starbucks Organization
Crisis at the Starbucks Organization

Crisis at the Starbucks Organization

Crisis at the Starbucks Organization

Order Instructions:

1. identify a crisis the organization of Starbucks Organization for( SSP) has faced in the past,
2. a crisis that it is currently facing, or
3. a crisis that a competitor in that industry has faced that Starbucks organization may face in the future
4. Explanation of the crisis that you selected and a crisis management response recommendation.
5.Develop a strategy for improving organizational sustainability
5.Include an analysis of the ethical implications of that recommendation.
6.Be sure to integrate one or two new related and engaging questions that will extend the discussion about your post in constructive ways. Try to think of a question(s

Reference 3-4 reference APA strictly Adhered and.at least one scholarly peer-reviewed resource in your recommendation.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The organization Starbucks Organization is currently the leading house of coffee in the world. It is a company situated in the Washington DC, the USA that started in 1971. It has a lot of branches worldwide and hence operates a chain of organizations. It is an organization that works towards providing high-quality coffee beans and coffee equipment. It started as a small coffee dealing organization and kept on improving its activities to opening many branches around the world. Through its success, the Starbucks Organization is always viewed as a major icon in the business field. It is through its organizational structure and the principles of management employed by the management that makes its organization a major icon in the business.

Starbucks Organization operates a chain of agents around Europe and the American region. Managing of such a large organization requires proper management skills and a firm management to carry out its operations successfully. It is an important example that a current business that needs to identify its goals must employ. Since the organization keeps growing, Starbucks Organization needed to employ the current organization structure for it to be able to carry out process optimally and hence keep on providing quality goods and their services.

However through their significant success, Starbucks Organization has faced many issues that have led to the major setbacks in the organization. It is a reality that to get to success; there must be ups and downs. The strength of the organization comes from the major challenges that they faced in the recent past. For example, the company faced a major challenge in 2007. That was due to the rapid expanding of the Organization. It reached a point that the management of the organization decided to shift its focus from the local customers for the greener pastures away from their vicinity. The management decided to expand its territories to the UK, Japan, China, and Canada. This decision leads to the decline in the sales in the same year significantly.

This shifting of focus led to loosing of customer experience, as they had to spend much on advertising in those areas of their new ventures. The strategy to expand globally meant that the organization of the Starbucks Organization had to be put into consideration, and be altered where possible. In 2008, however, the CEO of the Starbucks Organization was changed, in an attempt to bring back the organization to its right path. When Howard Schultz resumed the position of a CEO, he worked towards bringing back Starbucks Organization to its proper functionality. He focused on changing the structure of organization of the company. One of the significant change that he made was to create regional divisions. This aimed to bringing back customer experience into focus. This, however, had long-term benefits that is realized later. He also improved the Starbucks teams working and their staff by exposing them to training. It worked out well, and thus the firm’s financial experience and the customer experience were improved.

Starbucks Organization, have employed proper crisis management policies through its operations. Crisis management is the process and the steps taken by a company or an organization to deal with the threats that are bound to weaken or destroy the company’s performance. Due to its operations over a large region, Starbucks had to develop a proper crisis management module to be ready to tackle any crisis that may have affected them in the past. Crisis management at Starbucks included the methods that were to respond to the perception of crisis or the current crisis and the ways of communication that they would address them.

There are many types of crisis, ranging from natural to the developed human crisis (HAVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL, 2014). As for Starbucks, they have been faced with confrontation crisis in the past. It is where individuals, a group of individuals, or competing business rivals tries to fight a company’s development. These confronting groups always try to satisfy their needs and demands by fighting their enemy. These groups will do anything for their needs and demands to be considered by the public, or the governing authorities.  There are several types of confronting by these rivals to the Starbucks Organization for example; sit-ins, disobedience of police, rioting, boycotts and other picketing traits, occupying buildings, blocked and even resisting (Bernstein and Bonafede (2011).

For example, one of the recent confrontations to the Starbucks Organization is boycotting of the Starbucks products and their stores. It is due to the claims that Starbucks have been selling their products to the Israeli military. Also, it was also claimed that the Starbucks Organization donated some part of their profit to the same Israeli military group. It led to a major controversy that even made the CEO, Mr. Howard to write a letter to the president to address the issue. However, this has been viewed to be spiked by the fact that the President of the Starbucks is Jewish.

Due to these threats to the company’s performance there is need to develop a proper management model that requires an understanding of the ways to handle a crisis in the case of their occurrence.  This model requires proper skills to deal with the crisis. The skills could be, proper crisis management the crisis recoveries and even the mitigation of the crisis. There are three ways that can be used as proper models to ensure proper crisis management. These are;

  1. Getting warned of the threats and the diagnosis of the threatening troubles they’re likely to face soon.
  2. Choosing the proper about-turn strategies that will help evade the crisis.
  3. Implementing the processes that may help monitor the crisis and the company’s focus away from the threats never to face them.

Proper steps should be developed so that Starbucks Organization never faces this confrontation setback again. An example of a proper strategy to be implemented by the Starbucks organization is to face the crisis head-on to avoid future threats. The management of Starbucks may set up ways to do this, by educating the public of the truth that lies within the company. The management, led by the company’s president, may decide to address the media. By doing this, the public will stop the misleading brought about by the other rival groups posting their claims to the media.

The ethical implications of this strategy are that the public will know the truth lying and hence the Starbucks Organization being loyal and open to their faithful customers. Rivals will always not find their strong reasons to fight the company since the Starbucks will be much open and hence a better way of stopping confrontation diplomatically (Schultz and Gordon2011). However, by doing this, the Starbucks Organization should be ready to more questions by the media regarding more inner issues of the company. The company should also be ready for either the positive or the negative reactions from their customers. It should also employ proper strategies to cope up the negative reactions from customers, if any so that to make the loyal to the company (Fronz, 2011).

To achieve all this, Starbucks should ensure to create an environment of trust from the customers by proper methods employed through the organization. The management should also be ready to reform the organization’s mindset and be sure to observe the vulnerable assets of the organizations. The management of the Starbucks should be courageous to tackle the crisis.

Upon conclusion, the Starbucks Organization should be ready to face future challenges that may come their way. It hence suggests that they should develop proper and functioning crisis management tactics. Since crisis cannot be evade, they should always be ready to face any arising situation (Marcu, 2012).

References.

Harvard Business School. (2014). Harvard business essentials: Crisis management.

Bernstein, J., & Bonafede, B. (2011). Manager’s guide to crisis management. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Schultz, H., & Gordon, J. (2011). Onward: How Starbucks fought for its life without losing its soul. West Sussex [England: Wiley & Sons.

Fronz, C. (2011). Strategic management in crisis communication: A multinational approach. Hamburg: Diplomica-Verl.

Marcu, A. R., Savarese, J. F., & Practising Law Institute. (2012). Crisis management & business recovery: Are you prepared?. New York: Practising Law Institute.

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Ethics and Genetic Testing Research Paper

Ethics and Genetic Testing
Ethics and Genetic Testing

Ethics and Genetic Testing

Ethics and Genetic Testing

Order Instructions:

Using the assigned readings and information from the literature, compose a response to

the following:

Screening tests for birth defects can be performed in the first trimester, second trimester

or both trimesters. Carrier testing is also an option performed prior to or during

pregnancy. Carrier testing provides information as to whether one or both parents are

carriers for certain inherited disorders. The results of these tests are used to determine

an appropriate plan of care for the patient.

Genetic testing of the fetus and the parents offers both opportunities and ethical

challenges. As a Registered Nurse, you need to be aware of your own feelings in order

to provide non-biased professional support.

Initiate a discussion thread with your thoughts about implications of genetic testing and

the role of the registered nurse in providing support to a couple seeking guidance.

Provide one example of how genetic texting is used in the perinatal setting.

Consider if the registered nurse has the right to refuse to care for patients who choose

termination of pregnancy based on genetic testing when it conflicts with the ethics and

values of the nurse.

Discuss how medical, economic, or psychosocial issues might impact decision making

relative to genetic testing.

Include a reference from the literature to support the information provided.

202019

SAMPLE ANSWER

Ethics and Genetic Testing

A registered nurse should dutifully execute the role of providing health care to newborns and their mothers who are already undergoing or considering treatment or termination of embryos (Richmond-Rakerd, 2013). One example of how genetic testing is used in the prenatal setting is to determine if a child would be aborted or not. In this regard, conditions such as Down syndrome, genetic disorders, and sickle cell anaemia are identified using such techniques as ultrasound, serum marker testing, and genetic screening (Richmond-Rakerd, 2013). The diseases or complications are derived from genetic testing for carrier testing, prenatal diagnosis, and predictive testing.

The registered nurse has no right to refuse to care for patients who choose termination of the pregnancy based on genetic testing when it conflicts with the ethics and values of the nurse (Richmond-Rakerd, 2013). This is because an embryo can be diagnosed with very complicated complications such as neural tube defects, spina bifida, and thalassaemia. Therefore, when this type of child is born, his or her entire life will be in danger. In this regard, the practitioners have to violate the codes of ethics and terminate the embryo since the future of the unborn child is not promised (Richmond-Rakerd, 2013). Thus, the practitioner makes the decision based on feeling rather on specified ethics. One of the economic issues surrounding making decision regarding genetic testing is based on employment. It is found that health insurance providers and other employers deny individuals employment opportunities using knowledge of the risk of disease. Socially, an individual is exposed to stigmatization and discrimination in the society Reference (Richmond-Rakerd, 2013). Psychologically, an individual may feel ashamed of himself or herself due to the knowledge of the genetic risks.

Reference

Richmond-Rakerd, L. S. (2013). Modern Advances in Genetic Testing: Ethical Challenges           and Training Implications for Current and Future Psychologists. Ethics & Behavior,        23(1), 31-43. doi:10.1080/10508422.2012.728477

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Analysis and comments of articles Paper

Analysis and comments of articles
Analysis and comments of articles
Analysis and comments of articles

Analysis and comments of articles

Order Instructions:

The writer will have to read each of this post and react to them by commenting, analyzing and supporting with relevant articles. The writer will have to read carefully before giving constructive comments on the post. The writer should write a one paragraph of at least 150 words. APA and in text citation must be use as each respond to the two post must have in text citations. The writer will have to use an article to supports his comments in each of the article. Address the content of each post below in a one paragraph each, analysis and evaluation of the topic, as well as the integration of relevant resources.

I will send the doc via email too be use in completing this paper. It is important that the writer read and constructively criticizes this paper with sources not older than 5 years old to support your point.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The writer will have to read each of this post and react to them by commenting, analyzing and supporting with relevant articles. The writer will have to read carefully before giving constructive comments on the post. The writer should write a one paragraph of at least 150 words. APA and in text citation must be use as each respond to the two post must have in text citations. The writer will have to use an article to supports his comments in each of the article. Address the content of each post below in a one paragraph each, analysis and evaluation of the topic, as well as the integration of relevant resources.

Article 1

Briefly describe the types of validity presented. What are the critical differences among them? Assess the authors’ performance in explaining them.

The main reason for validation in research is to give the readers and researchers a measure of assuredness and confidence that the methods and approaches are sound and useful (Lucko and Rojas, 2009). Straub, Boudreau, and Gefen (2004) discuss the major types of validity as, “content validity, construct validity, reliability, manipulation validity, and statistical conclusion validity” (p. 382). While Straub et al. (2004) acknowledge these are not the only concepts of validity; the authors are seeking to stimulate interest in using these measures for validity. Content validity is a validity check to ensure the data collection instruments have a holistic approach to measuring the construct accurately (Straub et al., 2004). Construct validity seeks to determine is the instrument chosen and construct alignment (Straub et al., 2004). Reliability measures the consistency of measurement amongst the variables (Straub et al., 2004). Manipulation validity is a measure of perceptions of the subjects in the study (Straub et al., 2004). Statistical conclusion validity focuses on the statistics used in the experiments (Straub et al., 2004). Straub et al. (2004) provide a working knowledge of the validities while using language the novice research can understand. The different validities focus on different aspects of the Doctoral Study, yet maintain alignments within the validation concepts (Straub et al., 2004).

Select a previous article from this course that presents a quantitative study. How would you assess the study’s validity? What information would you need in order to be able to do so, and is that information present in the article?

To assess the validity of the Ongori and Agolla (2008) study a researcher would need to focus on content validity, construct validity, reliability, manipulation validity, and statistical conclusion validity. Throughout the Ongori and Agolla (2008), study the authors reflect on the choices made to maintain the validity of the study. Some of the things done to enhance the validity were the pilot study, peer review, and statistical experiments (Ongori&Agolla, 2008). Through content validity, the researcher would assess the instrument to determine if there were biases present (Straub et al., 2004). The researcher would also assess whether there was a holistic approach to the instrument (Straub et al., 2004). To ensure reliability, the researcher would evaluate the consistency between the wording and view of the instrument (Straub et al., 2004). Ongori and Agolla (2008) study assessed manipulation validity through the work done with the pilot study. The pilot study incorporated the participant’s views and perceptions to eradicate biases in the questionnaire (Ongori&Agolla, 2008). Although a researcher will need to assess the content validity, construct validity, reliability, manipulation validity, and statistical conclusion validity the Ongori and Agolla (2008) does not provide all of the information necessary to make the evaluation. The researcher will need to review the research question, hypothesis, instrument, and raw data collected to help assess the studies validity. A researcher would question the validity of the study from Ongori and Agolla (2008) because, after receipts of the survey results, the authors decided to combine some of the responses without a full explanation why. Ongori and Agolla (2008) also bring in validity concerns with the application of meaning into the assessment of the responses.

Based on Table 8 on page 415 in the article by Straub, Boudreau, &Gefen, which positivist design contingency best describes the previous article for this course? Which best describes your potential Doctoral Study? Explain your selections.

The Straub et al. (2004) positivist design contingency that best fits with the Ongori and Agolla (2008) study is the “confirmatory research in well-established research streams” (Straub et al., 2004, p. 415). Determining the design contingency that best fits the researchers Doctoral Study is difficult. The researcher feels portions of several of the design contingencies fit with the proposed Doctoral Study, but largely the design contingency of “Theoretical Work” (Straub et al., 2004, p. 415). The researcher’s Doctoral study focuses on software requirement stability role in project success. While is current research available about requirement stability and project success, however, they have not been researched in the limited context the researcher is proposing. There are published theories concerning requirements stability and project success, but the researcher would refine those theories and then test them. The researcher is primarily looking for the relationships between requirements stability and project success.

References

Lucko, G., & Rojas, E. M. (2009). Research validation: Challenges and opportunities in the construction domain. Journal of construction engineering and management, 136(1), 127-135. doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0000025

Ongori, H., &Agolla, J. E. (2008). Occupational stress in organizations and its effects on organizational performance. Journal of Management Research, 8(3), 123–135. Retrieved from http://content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?T=P&P=AN&K=36351240&S= R&D=bth&EbscoContent=dGJyMNLr40SeprE4zOX0OLCmr02eqK5Srqa4SLGWxWXS&ContentCustomer=dGJyMPGss0q1qK5IuePfgeyx44Dt6fIA

Straub, D., Boudreau, M. C., &Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for IS positivist research. The Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 13(1), 380-427. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3243&context= cais&seiredir=1&referer=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fq%3DValidation%2Bguidelines%2Bfor%2BIS%2Bpositivist%2Bresearch#search=%22Validation%20guidelines%20positivist%20research%22

Include the one paragraph comments hear using ana pear review article to support your comments. Also include in text citations in APA.

Indeed, it is very important for researchers to understand various types of validity to boost the confidence of the researcher uses. The article has provided a precise discussion of various kinds of validities. Some of them are content validity, reliability, manipulation validity, construct validity, and statistical conclusion. These are the most important types of validity that researchers must ensure when carrying out their research. For instance, using manipulation validity will help understand the perception of subjects in the study and assess for any biasness in the study. Ways of assessing validity of a study have also been discussed in a precise manner. This has demonstrated in depth understanding on the various kinds of validity. Using peer review, pilot studies, or statistical experiments are essential ways to identify or assess validity in quantitative studies. This has been well illustrated and it makes it easy to understand. The article has as well tackled the issue of positivist design contingency well an indication of understanding in the areas. The article in general is credible and precise, as the author has based argument on evidence.

Article 2

Validity of any type of research falls under quality of a given study. There are different types of concerns in each type of methodology. For example, inn qualitative research, concern about assessing quality has manifested itself recently in the proliferation of guidelines for doing and judging qualitative work. Guidelines are developed by expert users and researchers and they usually set a standard parameter for distinguishing between a good vs. bad research. The issue of quality in qualitative research is part of a much larger and contested debate about the nature of the knowledge produced by qualitative research, whether its quality can legitimately be judged, and, if so, how. Even in a quantitative study, it is critical to assess the validity of research.

The article in question elaborates on four different types of validity; instrument, internal, external and statistical conclusion (Straub, Boudreau, &Gefen, 2004). It is important to analyze the validity of the doctoral study, since I am conducting a research within the healthcare sector; I reviewed an article that assessed quality in terms of validity. In healthcare, it is very important to study the patient behavior in terms of being complaint with their medical recommendations. The literature on patient adherence to treatment includes hundreds of empirical studies. A comprehensive examination of the findings requires the organization and quantification that is possible with meta-analysis (DiMatteo& Robin, 2004). The method used for this research was calculation of a meta-analysis of 569 studies reporting adherence to medical treatment prescribed by a non-psychiatrist physician, and 164 studies providing correlations between adherence and patients’ age, gender, education, and income/socioeconomic status; group comparison and multiple regression analysis of moderator (DiMatteo& Robin, 2004). The results showed significant insights into the literature on patient adherence, providing direction for future research. It was concluded that focus on reliability and validity of adherence measurement and systematic study of substantive and methodological moderators are recommended for future research on patient adherence (DiMatteo& Robin, 2004).

Reference:-

DiMatteo, Robin. (2004). Variations in patient’s adherence to medical recommendations: A quantatitive review of 50 years of research. Retrieved on November 25 2015 from http://journals.lww.com/lww-medicalcare/Abstract/2004/03000/Variations_in_Patients__Adherence_to_Medical.2.aspx

Straub, D., Boudreau, M.-C., &Gefen, D. (2004). Validation guidelines for IS positivist research. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 380-427. Retrieved from http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais

Include the one paragraph comments hear using an a pear review article to support your comments. Also include in text citations in APA.

This article has provided insights on the aspect of validity. The article is precise but with wealth of ideas. Various types of validity are applicable in different types of research methodology and therefore, it is very important that any researcher put this into consideration. Assessment of validity of research has to be done in both qualitative researches as well as in quantitative research. Actually, experts and researchers have the audacity to provide the guide on this as this will strike a balance. I do appreciate the balanced view on the researchers when it comes to assessing validity in qualitative studies as it illustrates that indeed there are inherent challenges and differences in opinion on the use of thee validity types. This has made the article objective and professional. The article has mentioned some types of validity as internal, instrument, external and statistical conclusion. These are important in any doctoral study to ensure that the researcher remain objective when carrying out the study. For instance,   doctoral research in the field of health care would require the researcher to check and verify the findings of various empirical studies to ascertain whether they are reliable and valid. Use of meta-analysis techniques can actually be helpful in this as the article clearly explains. I conquer with the ideas enlisted in the article. The article is as well written and is objective, hence reliable.

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Obstetrical history of the patient as the problem

Obstetrical history of the patient
Obstetrical history of the patient
Obstetrical history of the patient

Obstetrical history of the patient

Order Instructions:

M6A3: Improving Obstetric Patient Outcomes Paper

Maternal morbidity and mortality is a national health problem. Preventing complications of pregnancy is included in

the 2020 National Health Goals. The purpose of this written assignment is to describe how evidenced based

findings can improve patient outcomes related to obstetrical care.

SEE ATTACHED FILE

SAMPLE ANSWER

Obstetrical history of the patient which is associated with the primary problem

The morbidities and mortalities that are attributed to maternal health are without any doubt mind boggling hence it has become a national health problem (Isaacs et al., 2014). This has necessitated the Federal government in conjunction with State governments to develop and implement the necessary maternal healthcare frameworks to help in improving maternal health (Tandu-Umba et al., 2013). As a result, there is inclusion of the strategy for prevention of complications of pregnancy in the 2020 National Health Goals. Patients in labor ward settings are often faced with numerous challenges that are imminent after the onset of labor pains that may be attributed to maternal and fetal age and weight, among others (Isaacs et al., 2014).

The successful completion of gestation period by any pregnant women is usually marked with another challenge involving the delivery of the infant. The only two method of delivery that exist are cesarean as well as vaginal delivery whereby the former is often carried out as a form of emergency to either save the life of the mother or child, while the later  involves normal delivery either with mild or no difficulties at all. Thus, high birth weight has to a significant extent been attributed to failed induced labor eventually leading to cesarean section (McGlennan & Sherratt, 2013). Hence, in this paper the risk factor from the obstetrical history of the patient which can be considered to be related with the labor ward incident involving 36 hours of failed induced labor is determined to be the high birth weight of the baby boy, which stood at 9 pound 8 ounce. The infant’s high weight is undoubtedly the straightforward cause of failed induction of labor, which subsequently led to the cesarean section. The determination of this answer is based on the obstetric history where the infant’s weight falls since it began to be monitored may immediately after the conception or some weeks as well as months later.

The rate of induction of labor has been rising over the previous decades whereby a good number of them are initiated for the benefit of both the mother and child. However, induction of labor is also done for convenience and this trend may be the cause of increasing numbers of induced labor across the world (Isaacs et al., 2014). For this reason, obstetrical history of the patient has to be closely and critically considered in order to ensure that any imminent risk factor is timely addressed by conducting the appropriate emergency response or risk mitigation measures. According to Vikram & Sabaratnam (2011), there is need to alleviate the risk factors associated with induction of labor subsequently leading to cesarean section, especially when the birth weight is considerably high as observed in this case while examining Tanya’s obstetrical history because there is no other risk factor associated to obstetric history which can be attributed to failed induction of labor. The high birth weight was without any doubts the cause of the failed induced labor because the infant usually prevents the uterine walls from effectively contracting despite epidural administration of oxytocin subsequently ensuring that Tanya had to undergo cesarean section to save the unborn baby prior to fetal distress (McGlennan & Sherratt, 2013).

Early identification of emergencies in the obstetric setting

Emergencies are often in labor wards, and the need to implement appropriate mechanisms or systems for early detection of these emergencies is undisputedly inevitable. The literature has identified several approaches likely for utilization to achieve positive impacts on patient outcomes including: drills, simulations, protocols, as well as vital sign alerts (McGlennan & Sherratt, 2013). In this paper the vital sign alerts approach is to be discussed.

The benefits of the vital signs alerts approach are definitely extensive but only two which are dominant shall be discussed in this paper. First, vital signs alerts approach has the potential to reduce the number of staff required to attend to the same number of patients as in traditional/conventional healthcare settings because the vital signs alerts approach would notify the doctor or nurse on duty of any emergency without the need to make rounds (Tandu-Umba et al., 2013). Second, the signs alerts approach provides convenience for both the staff and patients because any time the patient needs emergency attention, the alert system will come in hardy in timely notifying the staff concerning any incident which qualifies to call a clinical emergency. This vital signs alerts approach does not come without limitations and the two main limitations include: the need to train all the patients on ho to use the vital signs alerts system upon admissions as well as the possibility of misuse either accidentally or deliberately leading to confusion (McGlennan & Sherratt, 2013).

Ways by which vital signs alerts approach improve patient outcomes in the perinatal setting

When patients in perinatal setting, it means that they ought to be under close monitoring in order to observe any changes. The vital signs alerts approach is undoubtedly the best in improving patient outcomes by ensuring that there is timely response to an emergency which subsequently results to quick recovery of the patients (Tandu-Umba et al., 2013). The other important role of this approach in improving patient outcomes in the perinatal setting is its potential to facilitate life saving, because it helps to raise alarm when a patient is in dire need for emergency medical attention, which often turns out to be the life saving moment (Isaacs et al., 2014).

References

Isaacs et al., (2014). A national survey of obstetric early warning systems in the United Kingdom: Five years on. Anesthesia, 69, 687–692. doi:10.1111/anae.12708.

McGlennan, A. P. & Sherratt, K. (2013). Charting change on the labor ward. Anesthesia, 68, 338–42.

Tandu-Umba, B., Tshibangu, R., & Muela, A. (2013). Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Induction of Labor at Term in the University Clinics of Kinshasa, DRC Congo. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 3, 154-157. doi:10.4236/ojog.2013.31A029.

Vikram, T.S. & Sabaratnam, A. (2011). Failed Induction of Labor: Strategies to Improve the Success Rates. Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, 66, 717-728. doi:10.1097/OGX.0b013e31823e0c69

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Property Deviance and Counter Productive Work

Property Deviance and Counter Productive Work Order Instructions: I’ve attached a word sheet with the instructions.

Property Deviance and Counter Productive Work
Property Deviance and Counter Productive Work

Property Deviance and Counter Productive Work Sample Answer

QUESTION 2

  1. Property deviance and counter-productive work behaviors

Property deviance at the place of work is a common thing in many organizations all over the world and it involves direct stealing or outright misuse of an organization’s property for the personal benefit of the culprit. For instance, if Joe’s case is considered, it is evidently clear that the work supplies he was caught stealing were only meant for his own personal use hence depriving the company of its resources. In most cases, employees who are directly culpable of property deviance are not only involved in stealing but also in other counter-productive behaviors at their workplaces, which synergizes the overall effect of company sabotage (Pulich & Tourigny, 2004). There are numerous counter-productive behaviors commonly observed in places of work and a particular employee may not be involved in all of them but a number of them. In the context of Joe’s case, it is clear that he does not really prioritize the productivity of his company and that may be the reason he can go to an extent of directly stealing work supplies. One of the other counter-productive behaviors Joe may be most likely engaged in is portrayal of outright aggressive behavior against his colleagues in form of showing open hostility or intimidation especially to co-workers who may be suspicious of the property deviance he is engaged in at workplace (Pulich & Tourigny, 2004). This may be a common especially when the work environment is diverse thereby leading to counter-productivity. Other counter-productive behaviors may include wasting time by spending more time doing the thing which are unnecessary for the overall productivity of the company e.g. taking extended breaks during coffee or lunch hours in addition to taking too long to accomplish an assigned task (Chiu & Peng, 2008).

  1. Tactics to stop Joe from stealing again

Since the company does not consider firing Joe yet, it is imperative to ensure that he is discouraged from attempting to steal again from the company and there are various tactics that can be used by Joe’s supervisor to achieve this. First, Joe’s duties need to be segregated from those that are directly associated with procurement and storage of work supplies. By doing so, the supervisor will ensure that Joe does not get access to where work supplies are kept (Pulich & Tourigny, 2004). Second, the supervisor should make sure that Joe accounts for any supplies allocated to him if his job directly involves utilization of the supplies. Third, the supervisor should make sure that a code of ethics and conduct is established for Joe in order to clearly outline the things he should never engage in at his workplace failure to which appropriate disciplinary measures will be meted on him (Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007). Finally, the supervisor should ensure that he establish good work relationship with Joe and try to counsel him on why the behaviors he is engaging in are counter-productive to the company, and if he continues the company will no longer be able to have him around (Schultz & Schultz, 2010).

  1. C) Appropriate Leadership style(s) to use with Joe

Considering that Joe’s behavior needs to reform, there are several leadership styles (s) that the supervisor can adopt while dealing with him. First, transformational leadership is the most appropriate because it would inspire Joe to change by stressing on the fact that, the best is expected from him and he should be accountable for his actions (Pulich & Tourigny, 2004). This is highly helpful because it would help the supervisor to communicate well to Joe so that he can change and also help them achieve their set goals. Second, servant leadership would also be imperative because it would help the supervisor to ensure that Joe’s need to change is met by working closely with him regardless of him being his senior (Mitchell & Ambrose, 2007). Third, transactional leadership would also be appropriate because it would help the supervisor make Joe understand that he must avoid repeating his work supplies’ stealing behaviors and strive for the overall good of the company and that is why is paid by the company (Martindale, 2011).

QUESTION 3

  1. Personality characteristics to look for in hiring employees

Creative jobs are undoubtedly demanding especially when they have to be performed in startup businesses. Hence, when hiring the entrepreneur should be very careful to ensure that the recruited candidate has the desired personal characteristics to effectively carry out his/her duties. Considering that the creative jobs will involve design work, one of the most important personality characteristics for employees is to be observative (Robbins & Judge, 2007). This is because the surrounding are creative oyster for an individual and by critical observation the employees will be able to get new as well as innovative ideas and also see possibilities (Luthans & Doh, 2015). The hired employees should also be able to turn obstacles into opportunities since creative jobs often involve beginning tasks from a scratch. They should also be resilience because in accomplishing creative jobs, one has failed and failed again without fearing to dare for another attempt. Also when hiring the best candidate should be curious to inquire and ask big questions in order to be succinctly conversant with their assignments (Luthans & Doh, 2015). Finally, risk taking is undoubtedly one of useful personality characteristics for employees undertaking creative jobs, and the employer must look at it because the higher the risk their employees will be able to take, then the higher the returns in case their ideas or projects succeed (Robbins & Judge, 2007).

  1. Appropriate organizational structure design for the business

Organizational structure is an important aspect for any company whether a start-up or an established business (Lim et al., 2010). This is mainly because it is attributable to the definition of company activities such as task allocation, supervision, and coordination in order to achieve organizational goals. Since the business is a start-up a less bureaucratic organizational would be highly appropriate (Luthans & Doh, 2015). Thus, “circle: moving back to flat” organizational structure would be the best option because it is highly applicable to entrepreneurial start-ups, especially those operating in the field of technology (Lim et al., 2010). Also this organizational structure is highly preferred for companies with highly skilled professionals like website designers or software developers. Hence, since the start-up business will involve creative jobs such as designing, there is no other organizational structure which could befit it that this (Lim et al., 2010).

  1. Appropriate organizational culture for the business

It is without doubt that organizational culture is one of the important determinants of business success because it encompasses behaviors and values attributable to an organization’s unique psychological and social environment (Luthans & Doh, 2015). Thus, it represents the collective principles, beliefs and values of organizational members and it is determined by factors such as technology, market, product, type of employees, strategy as well as management style (Ravasi & Schultz, 2006). Since the business would involve highly engaging creative jobs such as designing, organizational constructive culture would be the most appropriate to adopt because it encourages people frequently communicate with their co-workers and strive to carry out assignments as teams, rather than individually. This is very applicable to this business because apart from being a start-up, it is also involving complex jobs including creatively or innovatively designing new products (Ravasi & Schultz, 2006). In addition, constructive organizational culture is characterized by achievement, self-actualization, humanistic encouragement as well as an affiliation. All these aspects of constructive organizational culture are centered at the employees rather than the business because it is entrenched in believing that, when employees are motivated to effectively accomplish their duties, the businesses will the ultimate beneficiary (Luthans & Doh, 2015).  As a result, in organizations where constructive cultures are embraced there is the encouragement of employees working to their full potential leading to high motivation levels, service quality, teamwork, satisfaction as well as sales growth (Ravasi & Schultz, 2006).

Property Deviance and Counter Productive Work References

Chiu, S. & Peng, J. (2008). The relationship between psychological contract breach and employee deviance: The moderating role of hostile attributional style. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(4), 426-433.

Lim, M., Griffiths, G., & Sambrook, S. (2010). Organizational structure for the twenty-first century. Presented at the annual meeting of The Institute for Operations Research and The Management Sciences, Austin.

Luthans, F. & Doh, J. P. (2015). International Management, Culture, Strategy and Behavior, (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Martindale, N. (2011). Leadership Styles: How to handle the different personas. Strategic Communication Management, 15(8), 32–35.

Mitchell, M. & Ambrose, M. L. (2007). Abusive Supervision and Workplace Deviance and the Moderating Effects of Negative Reciprocity Beliefs.  Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(4), 1159-1168.

Pulich, M. & Tourigny, L. (2004). Workplace deviance: Strategies for Modifying Employee Behavior. The Health Care Manager, 23(4), 290-301.

Ravasi, D. & Schultz, M. (2006). Responding to organizational identity threats: Exploring the role of organizational culture. Academy of Management Journal, 49(3), 433–458.

Robbins, S. F. & Judge, T. A. (2007). Organizational Behavior, (12th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Education Inc.

Schultz, D. P. & Schultz, S. E. (2010). Psychology and work today: an introduction to industrial and organizational psychology, (10th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Bloom Taxonomy Assignment Paper

Bloom Taxonomy
Bloom Taxonomy

Bloom Taxonomy

Bloom Taxonomy

Order Instructions:

Study Bloom’s Taxonomy; apply the principles of it to provider-patient communication during a crisis. Compare best practices of communicating with patients in a crisis to Bloom’s Taxonomy in terms of patient needs.

Requirements:
1. Five pages maximum. I will not read more.
a. Reference List and Title pages do not count toward the 5 page maximum
2. Times New Roman, 12 point font, 1” margins all around, double space
3. Resources required:
a. Five required resources cited must be beyond the textbook. (Limit: 7)
i. One of the 5 must be an interview that you personally conduct (in person,
phone, or email). No more than one interview.
ii. One or more of the 5 must be from a professional journal or magazine
iii. The other 3 sources cited may be from any combination of the following: professional journal, magazine, newspaper, book (not your textbook)
b. You may cite from your textbook; any textbook citations will not be counted
toward your 5 required
c. Citation: APA format. See https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/
i. Use In-text citation (no footnotes or endnotes)
ii. Reference List (does not count as part of your 5 page maximum)

SAMPLE ANSWER

Bloom Taxonomy

The present health care system dictates that delivery processes integrate various interfaces and patient handoff amid myriad health care practitioners with different levels of educational and professional background. During the timeframe of a four-day hospital stay, a patient might come into contact with 50 different personnel, including doctors, clinicians, technicians, and others. Dynamic clinical practice thus includes many cases where essential information should be correctly communicated. Team cooperation is critical. When health care specialists are not communicating productively, the safety of a patient is at risk for various reasons: insufficient essential information, mix-up of information, ambiguous orders over the telephone, and ignored adjustments in status. Poor communication leads up to circumstances where medical errors can take place. These mistakes have the capacity to amount in severe injury or surprise patient demise. Medical flaws, particularly those caused by lack of communication, are widespread challenge in today’s health care organizations. Conventional medical education stresses the significance of a practice that is free from errors, using severe peer pressure to accomplish perfection at the time of diagnosis and treatment. Mistakes are thereby conceived normatively as a harbinger of failure. This situation generates an atmosphere that prohibits the fair, honest assessment of errors needed if organizational learning is to occur. It is significant to stress that nurturing a team cooperation environment may have problems to solve: extra time, conceived loss of independence, lack of confidence, conflicting ideas, amid others. However, many health care personnel are aware of the poor communication and teamwork, as a consequence of a culture of truncated outcomes that has bloomed in many health care situations (Helmreich and Schaefer, 2009).

According to Irwin, McClelland and Love (2006)communication is the core factor in medical care. In essence communication between physicians and patients is amassing a growing amount of attention with the health care in the U.S. In the last few years descriptive and investigational research has attempted to focus on the communication activities during medical consultations. Nevertheless, the knowledge obtained from these endeavors is restricted. This is likely because amid inter-personal relationships, the physician-patient collaboration is one of the most sophisticated ones. While advanced technologies could be utilized for medical diagnosis and treatments, interpersonal communication is the key apparatus by which the doctor and the patient trade information (Stiles & Putman, 2007). Particular factors of doctor-patient communication appear to have considerable effect on patients’ attitudes and safety, for instance, contentment with care, positive response to treatment, recall and having knowledge about medical information, dealing with disease, qualify of life, and even condition of health. Cooperation and communication are particularly essential in the case of a chronic disease, such as a cancer (Fallowfield, Maguire & Baum, 2002). Today, specialists of communication have progressively been focusing on psychological features of cancer. Creating a proper inter-personal cooperation between physicians and patients can be interpreted as a significant function of communication. Furthermore, proper inter-personal relationship forms the basis for optimum medical care. On the other hand, the significance of a good physician-patient relationship relies on its therapeutic qualities. Another key function of medical communication is supporting the exchange of information between the physician and the patient.

Information can be regarded as a resource brought into the verbal exchange between the two parties. From a medical standpoint, physicians need information to determine the correct diagnosis and treatment strategy. From the patient’s standpoint, two needs have to be accomplished when meeting with the physician: the need to know and understand and the need to experience a sense of being known and understood. To be capable of achieving doctor’s and patient’s needs, both alternate between information-transmission and information- hunting. Patients have to provide details about their symptoms, physicians’ needs to considerably look out relevant information. At times patients may be inclined to ask for as much information as possible, doctors appear to know patients needs for information.  For instance, where cancer is involved, the desire for information is most great. A great number of cancer patients’ discontentment with transmission of information emanates from concordance between views of patients and physicians. When relaying information to cancer patients about their disease (good or bad), doctors might explain medical information more empirically while patients explain it as a matter of individual relevance. As a consequence, the doctor might experience a satisfying sense that he has offered right and relevant information. The patient conversely might feel he has discovered nothing satisfying. Recent research indicates that about 45 percent of cancer patients have reported that no information has been provided relating to dealing with their disease (Fallowfield et al., 2002), however most patients wanted such information. Doctors must thereby first motivate their clients to exchange their key worries without interruption (Ben-Sira, 2008).

Psychological privacy involves a patient’s capacity to be in charge of active and cognitive inputs and outputs, to think and formulate behaviors, values to establish with whom to share information.  Nevertheless, asking delicate questions and divulging confidential information is inevitable if the physician desires to find an effective diagnosis and treatment. The degree to which doctors communicate in a more dynamic, high-regulation style, could be conceived by patients as abuse of their psychological privacy.  Physicians’ attitudes during patient examinations are regulated by societal values. It seems that at the time of medical interactions limited privacy is needed.  Constant eye contact, for instance, could be viewed by the patient as excessively intimate for the relationship.   Conversely physical privacy can be regarded as a relevant aspect of non-verbal communication and can lead to improved quality of the inter-personal interactions between physicians and patients (Stiles and Putman, 2007). Other result gauges utilized to examine the quality of the physician-patient interaction are patients’ recall and understanding information. As it stands, most patients fail to recall or comprehend what the physician has told them. Patient compliance is also a broadly utilized result variable and is regarded a measure of the productivity of provider-patient communication. Doctor-patient interaction might have significant outcomes for patient’s health outcomes, thus this relationship can be viewed as a type of social support. Lack of information appears to play a vital function in psychological challenge that can come up during the diagnosis and treatment (Irwin, McClelland & Love, 2006).

References

Ben-Sira.Z. (2008). “Affective and instrumental components in the physician patient         relationship: an additional dimension of interaction theory.” Journal of Health         Sociological Behavior, 170-185.

Fallowfield. L. J., Hall A., Maguire. G. P. and Baum. M. (2002).“Psychological outcomes of        different treatment policies in women with early breast cancer outside a clinical trial.”           British Medical Journal, 301- 575.

Helmreich. R.L & Schaefer H.G. (2009). Team performance in the operating room and Human     error in medicine. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Irwin W. G., McClelland R. and Love.A. H. G. (2006). “Communication skills training for           medical students: an integrated approach.” Medical Education, 387-390.

Stiles. W. B. and Putnam. S. M. (2007).Analysis of verbal and non-verbal behavior in doctor-       patient encounters: In Communicating with Medical Patients. Newbury Park, CA: Sage     Publications.

Appendix: Interview

I chose to interview a personal acquaintance of mine who happens to be a screenplay enthusiast. I think it is a fantastic occupation path since it balances creativity and professional writing.

  1. What are you pursing as an undergraduate student?

I am studying Journalism.

  1. How will your undergraduate studies influence your future career?

I am on track to work in the corporate world, probably as an editor

  1. When did you first develop interest in screenplay writing?

I like to think when you first write a screen-play and gets positive comments from people who have been in the production scene for some time, you get interest in that moment. It had never occurred to me that this was something I’d be doing as pastime thing.

  1. How much experience with screenplay writing do you have?

None as a matter of fact, but I have always been involved with creative writing on the side (for instance, poems and flash stories).

  1. What are some of your objectives for the future?

Finishing my undergraduate, find a job, get a job, and see what fate throws my way. I have come to discover in life that whatever you make plans, the big guy above somehow has a totally different idea.

  1. Would say that screenwriting you will be engaged in as a side project rather than a full time career?

I don’t want to find myself restricting myself at all. My undergraduate will put me up in the corporate world, but this might as well turn into an amazing gig in the future.

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Nursing;Medical sociology Assignment

Nursing;Medical sociology
Nursing;Medical sociology

Nursing;Medical sociology

Nursing;Medical sociology

Order Instructions:

Final Project. A maximum eight (8) page final paper/report shall be turned in by each group spokespersons. Use of charts and tables are strongly encouraged in the appendix and not in the body of the paper/report. Please keep in mind a source (citation and reference) is required on each table/chart used. All sentences with quotes or numbers need citations with page numbers. Groups are free to use the text book as a source but should not rely on the text book exclusively. The text book is merely a good starting point for additional ideas and resources.

Topic: 1st Amendments provides freedom of religion. It forbids Congress from both promoting one religion over others and also restricting an individual’s religious practices. It is actually quite different in this case because “the courts have noticed that some beliefs may simply be too crazy to qualify for protection (Morrison E, p132).”

The textbook reference is below:

Morrison, E. (2014). Health care ethics: Critical issues for the 21st century (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Each paper shall include the following format. These 6 sections are required to be in the paper submitted or points will be deducted: (1) Title page (including Group#, member names and student ID’#s); (2) Introduction (introducing the chapter issue in globally then nationally); (3) Methods (what sources were used to secure the information used in the paper (i.e., Pub Med, Medline, etc., – do not use internet sites without advance authorization by faculty unless they are government, educational or organizations); (4) Results (this is where you state your findings on the chapter issue both pro and con); (5) Discussion (this is where you explain the ethical implications of your findings/results); (6) Conclusions & Recommendations (this is where your group can chose a position, advocate a middle ground, or deem more research is necessary at this time.
APA Style in-text citations are required in sections 2, 4 and 5 at a minimum!

Data and Sources. All data (facts and figures/statistics) shall be cited and referenced appropriately. References and in text citations shall use APA Style format. All writing shall be by the students. No cutting and pasting of text from any source is allowed. That constitutes plagiarism. For those students that need help with proper APA in text citation and references, please see the following link: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/. Additional APA Style links and documents will be posted on the Class online site. Also, see www.refworks.com – this source is available free to FIU students and will assist you in formatting references properly in APA and other formats.
Grading Rubric: In order to receive full points the group final submission shall: (1) Contain the 6 required section titles with the appropriate substantive information in each section (2) make sure to cite and reference sources for sentence, statement, statistic and quote used in the paper (3) the narrative shall be in the students own words (4) the paper shall be clear and concise while making sure that each section content requirement has been fully addressed (5) Include proper APA Style in text citation(s) to the text book, articles and other sources used (6) include proper APA references for citations used – at the end of the paper.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Looking at the organizational perspective in the aspect of religion, healthcare organizations ought not to be biased by a certain religion in providing healthcare to patients. The religion a patient belongs to be should not be the factor upon which the quantity of health care to is delivered to him or she should be measured. In fact, all patients that belong to different religions ought to be provided with the same quality of health care without bias or any discrimination.  An organization ought to follow the ethical code of conduct that dictates how the staff treats the patients thus acting in a professional way. Therefore, the organization has to act in a way that it accepts all patients regardless of how they relate religiously.

On the other side, the individuals tend to be in fact the most affected when it comes to conducting themselves in an ethical way. When a patient comes is treated in some medical condition. The nurse or doctor ought to do so without including their religious thought to the treatment Process. This can severely affect the treatment process and lead to the patient not receiving the type of quality care that they ought to have received.  The 1st amendment has given people the freedom of religion. In that context, an individual ought not to be judged in a negative way regarding the kind of religion one chooses to follow. Therefore, this should not be a factor that should affect the way that professionals who provide care delivers healthcare

There has been quite a debate on the degree to which religion affects the quality of health care provided to some patients. It considered illegal to treat a patient an inappropriate way due to their choice of religion. It is also considered unethical to the same to the patient. Therefore, it is quite unprofessional to let your religious views or perception about a certain religion affect the quality of work outputted by a certain individual. Health care professionals are therefore guided by the ethical code in conduct to aid them on deciding when or when not their beliefs have any effect on their choices, especially in their work environment.

Most of the time, individuals tend to attach their knowledge of wrong or right to their religion. In this context, most religions have different fundamentals that guide individuals to choose what is wrong and what is right. Therefore, in nursing practice, there are some practices that are considered wrong according to the basis of an individual’s religion. Once a situation like this occurs, the quality of care offered by the health care professional will be biased in a certain direction. Therefore, the individual ought to disregard his or her religious views when the life or health of the patient is at stake. If the nurse opts to let his or her, views come in the way of her professional work. He or she might not act in an ethical manner and thus act unprofessionally. Therefore, the nurse is subject to legal action once the quality of care is undermined due to some bias that comes from the religious aspect of life.

Conclusion

In a nutshell, religion is a very delicate matter. In essence, religion is significant in almost all aspects of the organizational conduct and ethical code of conduct. Its significance is in the way it can affect how people react, think and make decisions regarding certain matters in life. Hence, religion can be considered to be very crucial to the behavior of human beings. In fact, it is very crucial to all human beings, and it is what brings order to the world. Without religion, there would be no order in the world. Hence, religion should be respected. This includes the diversity of it and how it relates to each situation in the real world.

References

Cockerham, W. C. (2014). Medical sociology. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Davis, G. S. (2012). Believing and acting: the pragmatic turn in comparative religion and ethics. Oxford University Press.

Finkelman, A., & Kenner, C. (2014). Professional nursing concepts. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

 

Koenig, H., King, D., & Carson, V. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health. Oxford university press.

Morrison, E. E. (2015). Ethics in health administration. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

Schweiker, W. (2013). Religion and Global Ethics. The International Encyclopedia of Ethics.

Shi, L., & Singh, D. A. (2014). Delivering health care in America. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Thornton, P. H., Ocasio, W., & Lounsbury, M. (2012). The institutional logics perspective. John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

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Healthcare Economics Research Paper

Healthcare Economics
Healthcare Economics

Healthcare Economics

Healthcare Economics

Order Instructions:

Write a final paper that clearly applies economic analysis on a specific way that would significantly improve health care. Also discuss how it would affect access, quality and cost. Please apply healthcare economics concepts that you have learned.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Healthcare Economics

The healthcare sector encounters challenges that hinder provision of services to clients. Economics approaches come in handy in solving certain challenges. Often, systematic economic considerations and evaluations of problems help institutions maximize care delivery to their customers. Usually, healthcare organizations apply economic theories regarding, producers, consumers, as well as the society when handling financial problems. Economic theories allow organizations to adequately understand the tendencies of their customers, service providers, competitors, regulators, and generally, business environment (Wels, 2014). Information of this nature is usually crucial in decision-making processes. This paper analyzes an appropriate economic way that would significantly better health care. Particularly, the paper addresses how such a way would solve problems associated with care accessibility, quality, as well as cost. The paper also aims at applying critical economic concepts when analyzing the described strategy.

Strategy to Improve Healthcare

For healthcare systems to realize improvements, they should efficiently handle their specific problems. Such problems include economic hindrances such as inadequacy of resources and staff, market failure stiff competition, and unfavorable economic environments. Usually, economic hardships hinder efficacy of service delivery to customers, and they may worsen when not solved in time. They hinder care affordability, accessibility, and they may also impair its maintenance to high standards. Stakeholders should address challenges from their sources for them to completely overcome them. For example, there may be a need to modify certain regulations such as those guiding the provision of health insurance. Economic analysis of healthcare sectors should particularly enable stakeholders to inform relevant authorities such as local and state governments on appropriate courses of their regulations. The approach would include effective definitions of health packages, programs, benefits and others financial concerns. Economic approaches would also offer reliable research findings that would be the basis for allocation of resources to different schemes and departments in healthcare. The strategy should involve parties directly associated with the presenting challenges such as policy regulators and health care managements.

Effective Strategy and Improvement of Cost, Quality, and Accessibility of Care

Effective strategies that would lower the cost of healthcare should address existing issues associated with high prices of care. It would facilitate the understanding of stakeholders about drivers of the cost of care. There are numerous determinants influencing the cost of health and efficient strategies should enable the identification of specific factors. Again, strategies should inform how these drivers raise the cost of care, and also, why different determinants cause their specific alterations on the cost of care. Usually, regulatory agencies would play centrally in implementing effective approaches of managing healthcare costs. For instance, while insurance policies are meant to lessen healthcare costs for individuals, poor economic considerations could impair their effectiveness and accomplishment of primary objectives. For instance, overwhelming costs of care would economically drain the public through premiums. In addition, people would suffer losses through out-of-pocket expenditure in acquiring services to supplement their health needs. Other critical issues whose inclusion in economic strategic plans would improve healthcare costs include expenditure on prescription medications and management of preventable diseases (Health Care Service Corporation, 2015). In addressing costs associated with prescription medicines, important factors include price fluctuations, demand for specific types of medicines, and their appropriate use by prescribers and patients. An efficient strategy would also lower the cost of healthcare by promoting practices that protect people from diseases. Some diseases are expensive to treat yet measures of their prevention are cheap (Kottke & Isham, 2010, p. 73). For instance, an economically sustainable strategy would include public education on health and cost consequences of behavioral practices such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and inappropriate dieting. Adoption of recommendations by the public would see to the reduction of cases of cost-intensive diseases, and it would eventually minimize financial straining associated with high treatment cost.

Care quality is also a crucial consideration for planners. Provision of high-quality health services saves costs in the long-run. An efficient economic strategy would address factors that contribute to poor-quality in healthcare. For instance, it would address issues such as medication errors which do not just compromise patient safety, but also cost institutions significant financial losses. It would be important to establish sources of errors and set up strategies to avoid them. In most cases, errors could be drug-related, operative, procedure-based, or diagnostic and so on. Avoiding errors would make care less wasteful and economically sustainable. So as to handle quality concerns effectively, institutions should budget for quality services including accurate diagnostic techniques, adherence to standard procedures, and enhancement of the skills of their professionals. Generally, institutions should proactively promote patient safety so as offer high-quality care that remains economically viable. In the US, several reputable hospitals go as far as establishing departments charged primarily with advocating for patient safety (Andel, Davidow, Hollnader, & Moreno, 2015, p. 46).

Issues associated with care inaccessibility include inadequacy of medical facilities, services such as emergency care, drugs, as well as insufficient general and specialized staff. In addition, there are hindrances such as poor infrastructure, cultural and social restrictions, and importantly, financial constraints. Stakeholders in healthcare should address specific hindrances to care accessibility. For instance, they should prioritize on staffing hospitals, equipping them adequately, and enabling them to offer services of varied nature. Effective strategies should also address accessibility from the perspective of customers. For instance, the society may discourage adolescents to seek sexual health (Chandra-Mouli, McCarraher, Phillips, Williamson, & Hainsworth, 2014, p. 115). To overcome such limitations, healthcare stakeholders may budget for educational programs for communities.

 References

Andel, C., Davidow, S., Hollnader, M., & Moreno, D. (2015). The economics of health care quality and medical errors. Journal of Health Care Finance, 39(1), 31-48.

Chandra-Mouli, V., McCarraher, D. R., Phillips, S. J., Williamson, N. E., & Hainsworth, G. (2014). Contraception for adolescents in low and middle income countries: needs, barriers, and access. Reproductive Health, 11(1), 112-123.

Health Care Service Corporation. (2015). Economics of health care. Retrieved from http://www.hcsc.com/pdf/economics_health_care2.pdf

Kottke, T. E. & Isham, G. J. (2010). Measuring health care access and quality to improve health in populations. Prev Chronic Dis, 7(4), 73.

Wels, S. (2014). What is health economics? Retrieved from http://www.jhsph.edu/departments/international-health/global-health-masters-degrees/master-of-health-science-in-health-economics/what-is-health-economics.html

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Health care policy issue Research Paper

Health care policy issue
Health care policy issue

Health care policy issue

Health care policy issue

Order Instructions:

REQUIREMENTS
Assignment Criteria for

1. Introduce your chosen Health care policy issue(ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE FOR MINORITIES IN BROWARD COUNTY, FL), the current status, and an overview of your plan for a legislative visit.
2. Articulate key strategies involved in your plan, message, and recommendations under each of the Planning Your Visit Ungraded Worksheet 2 sections using headings in your paper. – SEE BELOW ON SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS

3. Provide an analysis of empirical evidence supporting your approach strategies including plan, message, and follow-up.
4. Provide specific examples of the impact and/or importance of a successful visit/presentation to nursing.
5. Provide concluding statements summarizing the content.
6. Paper will be five (5) pages, excluding title and reference pages, and in APA format 6th edition.
PREPARING THE PAPER
Following completion of Planning Your Visit Ungraded Worksheet 2, develop a plan for visiting your policymaker, including the message, and the recommendation(s) you will deliver. Include a minimum of five (5) classic references or current references (published FROM 2011 to now) that support your plan, the message, and recommendations.
Specific Requirements
1. Review what has been done in the past by others regarding your chosen healthcare policy issue. What was the result of their actions related to this policy issue? Why is this issue important to nursing?
2. Who are the federal, state, and local policymakers involved in your chosen policy issue? How can you contact your policymaker? Be sure you single out a policymaker whom you know is interested in your issue.
3. What will be the plan for your presentation to the policymaker? When, where, and how?
4. What is the message you want to give to your selected policymaker/legislator? Can you present a compelling ‘story’? Can you convey your passion and experience with the policy issue? Can you present basic research data in an easy-to-understand and interesting way? What are you asking? What are you recommending? Please review the examples of a policy brief in your text or on the American Nurses Association website. What are your expectations of the policymaker and for your visit/presentation in general?
5. How do you plan to convey your message? What considerations must you have in place with respect to time constraints, availability of policymaker, and contingency plans?
6. Can you include a presentation using PowerPoint, flip chart, or overheads in some way (email or mail ahead of the call)? Include the actual presentation slides (max of 5 slides) in your final course presentation due week 7 (total 15 slides). What information (i.e. handouts) will you leave with the policymaker?
Guidelines for Policymaker/Legislative Visits
7. Most nurses are uncomfortable approaching policymakers, regardless of how prepared they are and how knowledgeable or passionate they are about their policy issue. Nurses tend to grossly underestimate their power and don’t initially understand that policymakers are receptive and anxious to have their input.
8. After you have selected your healthcare policy issue and have thoroughly researched it, develop a message or proposal that is clear and succinct. Be sure that you know the appropriate policymaker and the staff that you approach for your issue. Most students in this course will select a local-level policymaker such as a member of their city council or their local school board.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Health care policy issue

The health care policy issue of concern is poor access to healthcare in Broward County, Florida. Some of the barriers to healthcare as indicated by past community assessment conducted includes poor healthcare literacy, poverty and lack of medical cover (Varughes, 2013).  This indicated that there is the need to simplify the healthcare systems, especially the navigation systems to ensure that everyone can obtain care (Varughes, 2013). The 2010 U.S. Census Bureau studies indicated that 24% of the Broward County residents lacked medical cover. The county reported the highest rate of uninsured children below the age of 18, and among the elderly above the age of 65 years (Silverman, 2013).

Broward County is reported to be the second most populated in the State and has the highest record in diversity. It has high percentage of minorities. Approximately, 14.3% of Broward population are aged (above 65 years). The county is also significantly affected by unemployment, with employment rate increasing to 8.1% by 2012 as compared to 4.5% in 2001. This indicated economic crisis (Varughes, 2013).  In fact, statistic estimates that 15% of the Broward residents live below poverty levels. Approximately, 15.6% of youths below 18 years are reported to live below the Federal Poverty Level (FPL). About 24.8% of the families are below the poverty line. This indicates an increase in number if people relying on public assistance (Silverman, 2013).

For this reason, accessing healthcare has become a challenge, putting the county at risk of communicable and non-communicable diseases. For instance, cardiovascular disorders were rated as the key reason behind the increased mortality for people above 75 years and above (Varughes, 2013). Cancer is also another challenge affecting the minorities and the leading cause of mortality.  The non-communicable diseases that are reported to be high among the minorities include diabetes, hypertension and congestive heart failure.  The mortality rates for unintentional injuries have also increased, especially unintentional falls among the elderly. The public health efforts include the capacity to develop age appropriate resources for minority, disabled people and   ensure that all of these resources are culturally competent. This will help in promoting healthcare through increased health literacy (Silverman, 2013).

Empirical evidence Presentation

Stakeholders: The stakeholders  that will be involved includes the health care managers in all healthcare facilities at the Broward county, Key staff of the local department  of health as well as the administration of agency of health care as well as the state and the local advisory panels. These stakeholders will give the appropriate input into the policy revisions as well as developments (Varughes, 2013).  Other stakeholders that will be involved include partners from various private sectors and government agencies to enhance effective policy development.  These includes the Department of Business and professional regulation in Broward county and the emergency management in the Broward county, whose responsibilities will be to coordinate all the healthcare policies  related to access of healthcare among the  minorities (Silverman, 2013).

Location: The Selected special public health figures/ stakeholders will meet on December 5th, at 1600hrs. The location for the meeting will be held at the BHMC auditoriums. The mode of information to be transferred will be informed of PowerPoint presentations. The meeting is expected to take one hour, 10 minutes of introducing the key stakeholders, 30 minutes of talk, and fifteen minutes to answer questions that may arise during the meeting. Additionally, each of the members will be receive an email that contains all the relevant information about the policy (Silverman, 2013).

Policy statement issue: Increase access to healthcare among the minorities.

As indicated, the main barriers to healthcare facilities are lack of medical insurance, low health literacy and poverty. The federally qualified healthcare facilities in Broward County include the family health centres, memorial healthcare system and the Broward health (Rand, 2014). There in increased detachment between these major healthcare facilities with the minorities in the region (who are the most vulnerable people in the communities). This calls for culturally competent strategies to increase healthcare awareness and provide linkages between the healthcare facilities and these underprivileged people in Broward County (Datar & Chung, 2015).

Gaps identified/ current status: According to community health status assessment in Broward County, only 80.3% of the people have medical insurance. This is way below the state rate, which is 83%. Majority of the people without health insurance are from the minorities (Varughes, 2013).

Table 1.1 Lack of medical cover

 Additionally, the number of healthcare resources that are available is inadequate to cater for the health demands in the county. For instance, the ratio of physicians who are licensed in the county per 100,000 populations is below the expected state rate, making the county become federally designated among the regions with shortage of the healthcare professionals (Healthy People 2020, 2012).

Table 1.2 Rates of licensed physicians

 Despite the numerous intervention put in place by the previous governance,  healthcare access is still an enormous public health concern among the minorities. This calls for  development of community health plans that will address this challenge amicably, to produce  a long term solution to this public menance (Healthy People 2020, 2012).

Health policy overview

Key strategies and policy implication

The aim of the Florida department of Health in the Broward County (FDOHBC) is to promote, protect as well as improve the health of the people, especially the minorities residing in Florida via integrated local and state efforts (Varughes, 2013).  This involves engagement of the community through Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP). These approaches are strategic and have been widely adopted by communities to improve and facilitated improvement of community health and well-being (Silverman, 2013).

As indicated previously, there is increased detachment between the minorities and the major healthcare providers in the Broward community (Walter, Evans, and Atherwood, 2015).  This calls for a rapid strategy to improve the navigational systems to ensure that the minorities can access healthcare at affordable prices. The community healthcare programmes must be integrated to increase healthcare awareness in the communities. The first priority is to increase the proportion of the Broward county minority’s medical coverage by 5% annually (Varughes, 2013). This is through increased assistance in completion of federally sponsored medical coverage such as Medicaid, Kidcare and Indigent care programs. Additionally, culturally competent materials, and resources that are age appropriate will be provided to the residents to simplify the medical cover application systems. These include referrals and enrolment of eligible residents in these federal managed medical cover systems (Varughes, 2013).

The second priority is implementation of three strategies that will remove the health barriers as well as improve the linkage between the minorities and the healthcare plan. This strategy will begin through performing a community based assessment to identify the community barriers. This will aid in identification of linkages in care. Strategies will be developed to eradicate and also to strengthen the linkages. The strategies developed must be culturally competent. The strategies will be evaluated and refined (Silverman, 2013).

Conclusion and Recommendations

Due to the increased diverse population in Broward county, the community health demands of the region is increasingly becoming more complex. This is attributable  to  fluctuations in  economy that affect the county negatively, increasing unemployment rates and   poverty levels. The recommended  steps for this healthcare  includes a) developing  an action plan to  identify and plan for the priorities; b) incorporation and implementation  of the identified strategies, c) presentation of findings  to the stakeholders and the communities, d) develop  a tool to track the improvements to the community and e) establish a system to refine the established strategies.

References

Datar, A., & Chung, P. (2015). Changes in Socioeconomic, Racial/Ethnic, and Sex Disparities in Childhood Obesity at School Entry in the United States. JAMA Pediatrics.169:10 doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015

Healthy People 2020. (2012, May 6).  Access to health care. Retrieved from  http://www.healthypeople.gov.

Rand, H. (2014). Law & Water — Broward County Partners Collaborate to Conserve. Journal – American Water Works Association, 106:5, pp.38-41.

Silverman, P. (2013, April 4). Broward county community Health Assessment. Retrieved from www.floridahealth.gov/…/community…community…/broward-county

Varughes, S. (2013, March 15). Broward County community health improvement plan. Retrieved from http://hillsborough.floridahealth.gov/programs-and-services/community-health-planning-statistics/improvement-planning/index.html.0172

Walter, R., Evans, A. and Atherwood, S. (2015). Addressing the Affordable Housing Crisis for Vulnerable Renters: Insights From Broward County on an Affordable Housing Acquisition Tool. Housing Policy Debate, 1:27 DOI: 10.1080/10511482.2014.

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Descriptive Statistics  Assignment Paper

Descriptive Statistics 
Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Descriptive Statistics

Order Instructions:

Module 3 – SLP

One-Sample and Two-Sample Tests

Using the provided dataset in Excel, calculate the appropriate descriptive statistics for the following variables comparing diabetes with no diabetes status: gender, race, salary, education, height, weight, BMI, allergies, family history diabetes, family history allergies. For chi-square tests, report the chi-square value and the p-value (if p-value < 0.05, then the test is significant). For t-tests, report the t-test value and the p-value. Include a 2-3 page description of the descriptive statistics including tables of the summarized data, similar to a “Results” section in a published manuscript or journal article. Use the following online calculators to obtain the results for this analysis.

Chi-Square for Categorical Data: http://www.vassarstats.net/ (Choose “Frequency Data” from the far left, then “Chi-Square, Cramer’s V, and Lambda” from the middle of the page)

Enter in the number of people in each category (e.g. number of women who have diabetes, number of men with diabetes, etc.). Example of a table below:

Diabetes No Diabetes

Female 86 214

Male 36 264

Choose a 2 x 2 table and where A1 = 86, A2 = 36; B1 = 214; B2 = 264

Report the percent of people in each category and the chi-square and p-value. A possible sentence to interpret the results could be:

There are significantly more women (64%) who have diabetes than men (36%).

T-Tests for Continuous Data: http://www.vassarstats.net/ (Choose “t-Tests & Procedure” from the far left, then “Two-Sample t-Test” then click “Independent Samples” under Setup)

Copy and Paste the values for those with diabetes into Sample A and those without diabetes into Sample B, then click Calculate. For instance, copy and paste all of the ages of those with diabetes into Sample A and all of the ages of those without diabetes into Sample B. From the Data Summary window, report the Mean of those with Diabetes (Sample A) and those without Diabetes (Sample B); also report the “t” from the Results box, as well as the two-tailed p-value. A “P” that is <0.05 suggests the result is statistically significant. One way to report such a finding would be to use the following language:

The average age of those with diabetes is __ years and for those without diabetes is ___ years. Those with diabetes were significantly older/younger (p<0.05).

SLP Assignment Expectations

Length: SLP assignments should be at least 2 pages (500 words) in length.

References: At least two references must be included from academic sources (e.g. peer-reviewed journal articles). Required readings are included. Quoted material should not exceed 10% of the total paper (since the focus of these assignments is critical thinking). Use your own words and build on the ideas of others. When material is copied verbatim from external sources, it MUST be enclosed in quotes. The references should be cited within the text and also listed at the end of the assignment in the References section (APA format recommended).

Organization: Subheadings should be used to organize your paper according to question

Format: APA format is recommended for this assignment. See Syllabus page for more information on APA format.

Grammar and Spelling: While no points are deducted for minor errors, assignments are expected to adhere to standards guidelines of grammar, spelling, punctuation, and sentence syntax. Points may be deducted if grammar and spelling impact clarity.

The following items will be assessed in particular:
•Achievement of learning outcomes for SLP assignment.
•Relevance—all content is connected to the question.
•Precision—specific question is addressed; statements, facts, and statistics are specific and accurate.
•Depth of discussion—points that lead to deeper issues are presented and integrated.
•Breadth—multiple perspectives and references, multiple issues/factors considered/
•Evidence—points are well-supported with facts, statistics, and references.
•Logic—presented discussion makes sense; conclusions are logically supported by premises, statements, or factual information.
•Clarity—writing is concise, understandable, and contains sufficient detail or examples.
•Objectivity—use of first person and subjective bias are avoided.

I can send the provided assignment excel dataset download if you provide where to send to. Thanks

SAMPLE ANSWER

Descriptive Statistics 

Using the provided dataset in Excel, descriptive statistics that are appropriate for variables concerning to diabetes including gender, race, salary, height, weight, as well as BMI. The descriptive statistics calculated using the provided dataset specifically include mean, standard deviation, variance as well as media. These descriptive statistics are mainly concerned with analysis of measurement of central tendency i.e. mean and median as well as measurement of variation i.e. standard deviation and variance.

Table 1: Descriptive Statistics

Age Salary Height Weight BMI To feel depressed during the winter To exercise during the summer To overeat when stressed out
Mean 50 $54,498 66.98333 159.1133 24.63867 2.993333 3.373333 2.77
Standard Deviation 20 28923.783 3.750102 31.66517 2.231375 1.226773 1.227046 1.315116638
Variance 401 836585199 14.06327 1002.683 4.979035 1.504972 1.505641 1.729531773
Median 50 $50,012 67 161 25 3 4 3

In particular, this SLP assignment will be analyzed the provided dataset using chi-square tests and t-test. For the chi-square tests apart from the descriptive statistics, the report will also include chi-square value as well as the p-value. On the other hand, for the t-tests the report will include the t-test value as well as the p-value.

In addition, the specific numbers of people in the provided the dataset within their specific category i.e. diabetes and no diabetes are determined in order to enable the data analysis to be carried out. A summary of those statistics is presented in the table shown below:

Table 2: Data Summary

Diabetes No Diabetes Total Percentages
Female 56 103 159 53%
Male 53 88 141 47%
Total 109 191 300
Percentages 36.3% 63.7% 100%

Based on the statistics presented in the above table concerning the chi-square obtained from the VassarStats website which is used for statistical computation, particularly in the context of Chi-Square for Categorical Data and specifically using Chi-Square, Cramer’s V, and Lambda in a 2 x 2 table; there are some inferences that can already be done. Some of the inferences based on percentages include:

There are significantly more women (53%) who have diabetes than men (47%).

Additionally, the results of the chi-square test show that the chi-square value is 0.09 and the p-value is <0.0001 an indication that the test is significant meaning that there a significant difference between the number of women who are diabetic compared to men who are diabetic.

 T-Tests for Continuous Data

The t-test was used to compare the two groups i.e. Sample A (no diabetes) and Sample B (diabetes) and the t-test reported the t-test value as well as p-value. The t-test values for variables such as age, height, weight as well as BMI are reported in the table shown below. In addition, the two-tailed p-values are also shown and the are all below <0.05 and indication that the tests are significant which means there are significant differences between the two groups (i.e. Sample A and Sample B) with regards to the considered variables.

Table 3: Data Summary

A B Total t-test value Two-tailed p-value
N 191 109 300
Age Mean 39.0052 70.5229 50.4567 -20.69 <0.0001
Height Mean 65.0209 70.422 66.9833 -16.63 <0.0001
Weight Mean 142.7016 187.8716 159.1133 -16.33 <0.0001
BMI Mean 23.5628 26.5239 24.6387 -14.35 <0.0001

The average age of those without diabetes is 39 years and for those with diabetes is 70.5 years. Those with diabetes were significantly older/younger (p<0.05).

The average height of those without diabetes is 65.02 centimeters and for those with diabetes is 70.4 centimeters. Those with diabetes were significantly shorter/taller (p<0.05).

The average weight of those without diabetes is 132.7 lbs and for those with diabetes is 187.8 lbs. Those with diabetes were significantly heavier/lighter (p<0.05).

The BMI of those without diabetes is 23.6 and for those with diabetes BMI is 26.5. The BMI for those with diabetes is significantly higher/lower (p<0.05).

References

Corder, G. W. & Foreman, D. I. (2014). Nonparametric Statistics: A Step-by-Step Approach. New York, NY: Wiley.

Greenwood, P. E. & Nikulin, M. S. (1996) A guide to chi-squared testing. New York, NY: Wiley.

Markowski, C.  A. & Markowski, E. P. (1990). Conditions for the Effectiveness of a Preliminary Test of Variance. The American Statistician, 44(4), 322–326.

Sawilowsky, S. S. (2005). Misconceptions Leading to Choosing the t Test over the Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney Test for Shift in Location Parameter. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 4(2), 598–600.

VassarStats (2015). Procedures Applicable to Categorical Frequency Data. Available at: http://www.vassarstats.net/ (Accessed on November 26 2015).

VassarStats (2015). t-Tests & Procedures. Available at: http://www.vassarstats.net/ (Accessed on November 26 2015).

Zimmerman, D. W. (1997). A Note on Interpretation of the Paired-Samples t Test. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 22(3), 349–360.

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