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Principles of Public Service Broadcasting

Principles of Public Service Broadcasting
      Principles of Public Service                               Broadcasting

Principles of Public Service Broadcasting in the Case of ABS and SBS

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– Discuss the principle of public service broadcasting in the case of ABC and SBS
– 10 references: mix of journals, book and media sources
– Double Spacing
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SAMPLE ANSWER

Principles of Public Service Broadcasting in the Case of ABS and SBS

Introduction

There are emerging confronting arguments as to whether ABS and SBS have evolved to fit the present media context. For instance, SBS has been heavily criticised recently due to its funding models, commercial operations, and the continued relevance of publicity-funded media   Sabir (2013). Another reason why the roles of these media broadcasts are questioned as to whether they are relevant to the present media context is the crisis of legitimacy/independence. This is mainly drawn from the rising digital migrations, globalising media, and rejection of traditional forms of media use. Therefore, the following discussion will engage in discussing some of the principles of PSB (Public Service Broadcasting) in the case of ABC (Australia Broadcasting Corporation) and SBS (Special Broadcasting Services). In addition, the paper will critically analyze whether the functions and roles of ABS and SBS are indispensable to the new media context.

Discussion

Part 1

In the Australian context, SBS and ABC are the two main known sources of many radio and television stations. Chapter 6 of the Constitution of Australia gives that ABC is mandated to air programmes that have educational importance (Janssen & Crompvoets 2012). He mandate also extends to informing and entertaining people in Australia. In addition, ABS is given the function of promoting national cohesion through enhancement of cultural diversity (Ratkovic Njegovan & Sidiani 2014). Therefore, ABS authorises its stations to preach cultural diversity in all aspects ranging from sports, business, and religious matter. On top of these principles, such considerations given by ABC have its programmes have and aim for diversity agendas as well as important concerns addressing the country’s citizens. This principle should be followed to the later as failure to observe it has legal consequences (Janssen & Crompvoets 2012). It is being assured that a media house can be punished thorough legal penalties of revocation of licences or closure.

In the same Chapter 6 of Australia constitution, Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 (SBC ACT) is found to give the legal roles of SBS. One of the distinguished functions given by this Act is that SBS is mandated to give radio and television services that are focused in the provision of entertaining and providing education to the citizens in Australia. In this regard as portrayed by Janssen & Crompvoets (2012) and Moe (2011), SBS has a role in establishing and fostering multicultural society. The contribution to meeting the communication demands of Australia’s multicultural society falls under the principles under PSB to promote diversity (Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin 2009). According to Moe (2011), ‘SBS is more practical in Australian context, in that it has a role to promote deep understanding and acceptance of the cultural and linguistic diversity of the country’s people’. What this point indicates is that, the people of Australia will appreciate their cultural aspects when they see that those cultural aspects are aired through the media houses.

Another outstanding principle of PSB is that broadcasting is to be made available to all citizens. More importantly, the SBS Act that gives that SBS is mandated to preserve and continue to facilitate the progression of language as well as on the platform of cultural skills (Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin 2009, p. 224). Therefore, this broadcasting service maintains this role by making sure that it aims for geographical diversity. Even the minority group in Australia constituting of the Aboriginals enjoys SBS’s services. Thus, all citizens receiving the benefits from SBS is one of the stated principles of PSB to ensure that it does not discriminate based on religion, race, skin-colour, or lifestyle (Moe 2011). To ensure they are proficient in following this principle, SBS strive to address the tastes and attentions of all diverse groups as well as providing them with opportunities, not only as consumers, Sabir (2013) but also as content providers and citizens.

Notably, provision of quality broadcast quality is another principle of Public Service Broadcasting. Provision of quality content is a decisive principle even in the international platform. Thus, provision of quality reports and news is the mandate of SBS and ABS(Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin 2009, p. 256). SBS and ABS do know that it is punishable under the laws to bribe a source of information or threaten a source of information in the move to get information. To this matter therefore, they try as much as possible to provide news and reports that have legitimate sources. In addition, it is expected that SBS and ABS do provide news coverage and reports that are fair, believable, and objective. Therefore, (Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin (2009) and Ratkovic Njegovan & Sidiani (2014) unanimously attest that SBS and ABS work down to earth to ensure that it furnishes present creative content, newer and fresher reports, which ethically are derived from a different and sundry perceptive. On top of that, the report and the news broadcasts should strive to holistically appeal or delight, attract advertisers and audiences (Sabir 2013). Moreover, in giving quality content, ABS and SBS broadcasts programmes that are quite unrelated to other players in the media industry.
Financial independence is another crucial standard principle of PSB. This principle is source of debate to many future analysts (Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin 2009, p. 268). Some of the analysts argue that when independence of the media houses is limited to the government, it makes SBS and ABS to offer the broadcasts that are of low quality. This is because apparently they are economically guaranteed to get money from the government. In Australia to be specific, the government prohibits ABC from broadcasting commercial advertisings to make it rely wholly in the government’s funding. Ironically, Sabir (2013, p. 227) and Ratkovic Njegovan & Sidiani (2014) argues that the government guarantees ABS with freedom of expression, but diminishes its (ABS) other prospective sources of money. SBS also feel the same experience. SBS receives its funding or money from public grant, which is passed annually. However, as Ratkovic Njegovan & Sidiani  (2014, p. 346) contends, SBS enjoys commercial broadcasting unlike its counterpart ABS, in that it enjoy a five-minutes broadcasting of commercials per hour. This becomes one of its supplemental avenues of supplementing its budget.

Another principle that is quite debated in most media houses in Australia is whether PSB’s practices have editorial independence. Another standard principle is that PSB must enjoy editorial independence, that is, to be legally recognised as an autonomous entity (Ranganathan & Rodriguez 2010). Editorial independence is quite crucial to ensure that freedom of expression and those of journalists are protected. According to Cunningham & Turnbull (2014, p. 267), PSBs should provide ‘authority of voice’ and not the other way round. Taking ABS into context, the federal government has legislative rule over ABS to ensure it air quality broadcasts. Opponents of editorial independence argue that editorial independence exists in theoretical forms. In practical form, it is not exhibited (Ratkovic Njegovan & Sidiani 2014, p. 350). They place their argument on the fact that since ABS has the limited source of funding, in fact, from the government alone; it has a high affinity to broadcast some broadcasts that are political influenced. Inadequate funding is more likely to compromise the integrity and quality of the services given by ABS on the point that the federal government has a massive supremacy on the public grants on which ABS is dependent (Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin 2009). When SBS comes to focus, it has much editorial independence compared to ABC. However, it solely acts on the minister’s guidelines and statements (Meier 2008). The minister may have political affiliations, which makes the critics of editorial independence fear the future of broadcasting of ABS and SBS in Australia.

Another formidable principle of PSB as given by Moe (2011) and Perisin (2013) is that it should stick to sturdy accountability traditions. Therefore, PSB has a mandate to formulate and implement an open and transparent accountability. This practice enables to appraise whereby performances as objectives are given in details. Apparently, ABS and SBS strictly know the constraints posed to them and respect them. It is liable to be punished by the law when ABS and SBS lacks a transparent accountability system (Janssen & Crompvoets 2012). ABS and SBS have been engaging in formulating policies and updating them, as well as giving feedback on their productivity. This is in together with providing recommendations of how improvements can be realised (Cunningham & Turnbull 2014, P. 240). In Australia, ABS and SBS have well-established controls to augment accountability. This control ranges from provision of incentives, effectual training, and communication, as well as the endorsement of ethics and values.

Part 2

Based on the function and roles given above, some are either important or non-important to the new media context. One of the principles, which are important to the new media context, is provision of quality broadcasts. Generally, innovation of the media houses is motivated (Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin 2009). Notably, provisions of quality broadcasts aim at making media house to become competitive in the media industry. This is not forgetting that ABS and SBS do struggle to give quality contents by consciously promoting scientist researches, being ethical towards human rights, promotion of gender equality, as well as becoming a solid entity to mediate conflicts of political and economic grounds. Another function that is important to the new media context is adherence to all citizens. SBS, for instance, in provision opportunities to all citizens has a role towards building a media literate audience with the ability to participate vigorously in the advancement and sustainability of the services, as well as the appreciation of its contents. Some of the functions that are non-important to the new media context are editorial independence and non-independence in Australia.

When ABS and SBS are brought into the realm of this discussion, Sawer, Abjorensen & Larkin (2009, p. 287) their functions, not only do they not match the present media context, but also on future one. This is because freedom of expression is currently electrified in many societies, not only ranging from freedoms on human rights, but also from funding and editorial independence. Media analysts contend that, provision of freedom of expression and limiting the source of money to be one supply can make ABS close its radio and television stations in the future. This is apparently because they are being threatened by disastrous changing economic realities. This digital era is having the proliferation of commercial broadcasting posing an unquenchable threat to publicly funded broadcasters such as ABS and SBS (Cunningham, S., & Turnbull 2014, P. 267). The ongoing development of cable and satellite networks has a dramatic impact on access to broadcasting to the whole world. Therefore, citizens in Australia will prefer to tune to independent broadcasters than to a national broadcasting entity, which they view it as a government’s mouthpiece (Chab”Juk, & Kops 2011). Thus, the functions of the ABS and SBS can fit in the new media context if it enjoys economic and editorial independence.

Conclusion

In summary, the principles of PSB do strive to see that freedom of the press is adhered to the latter. However, when it comes to the ABS and SBS’s contexts, it is another case as their source of funding is constrained to the government’s sources. Therefore, editorial and economic independence are two pillars of broadcasting. This will at the end enable and motivate media house to broadcast quality programmes to the people. When this tradition is sustained, the functions of ABS and SBS will have importance in the new media context, as people will stop viewing them as being puppets of the government.

References

CHAB”JUK, O., & KOPS, M. (2011). Public service broadcasting a German-Ukrainian exchange of opinions. Wien, Lit.

CUNNINGHAM, S., & TURNBULL, S. (2014). The media & communications in Australia. Crows Nest, NSW, Allen & Unwin. Pp. 167-298.

JANSSEN, K., & CROMPVOETS, J. (2012). Geographic data and the law: defining new challenges. Pp. 145-245.

MEIER, H. (2009). INDEPENDENT REGULATORY BODIES AND IMPOSSIBLE JOBS: THE FAILURE OF GERMAN PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTING             REGULATION, Public Administration, 86(10, pp. 133-148, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 June 2015.

MOE, H. (2011). Defining public service beyond broadcasting: the legitimacy of different               approaches, International Journal of Cultural Policy, 17(1) pp. 52-68, Academic Search Premier, EBSCohost, viwed June 1 2015.

PERISIN, T. (2013). Convergence Journalism and the Public Interest: The case of Croatian Public Radio Television (HRT)’ politicka Misao: Croatian Political Science Review, 50(5), pp. 155-172, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 1 June 2015.

RATKOVIC NJEGOVAN, B., & SIDIANI, I. (2014). Public Broadcasting crisis as management crisis: a case study of radio television of Vojvodina, journal of East      European management Studies, vol 19, pp. 3, pp. 348-367.

RANGANATHAN, M., & RODRIGUEZ, U. M. (2010). Indian media in a globalised world. Thousand Oaks, SAGE. http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=592852.

SABIR, M. (2013). Public media and Multicultural Globe, South Asian Studies, (1026-678X),  vol. 28. No. 1, pp.223-239.

SAWER, M., ABJORENSEN, N., & LARKIN, P. (2009). Australia: the state of democracy. Annandale, N.S.W., Federation Press.pp. 217-290.

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E-mail marketing Essay Assignment Available

E-mail marketing
E-mail marketing

E-mail marketing

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Read the following case study.
Students, please view the “Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment” in the Student Center.
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A company wishes to improve its e-mail marketing process, as measured by an increase in the response rate to e-mail advertisements. The company has decided to study the process by evaluating all combinations of two (2) options of the
three (3) key factors: E-Mail Heading (Detailed, Generic); Email Open (No, Yes); and E-Mail Body (Text, HTML). Each of the combinations in the design was repeated on two (2) different occasions. The factors studied and the measured response
rates are summarized in the following table.
Table: Improving E-Mail Response Rate Run Heading Email Open Body Replicate Response Rate 1 Generic No Text 1 46 2
Detailed No Text 1 34 3 Generic Yes Text 1 56 4 Detailed Yes Text 1 68 5 Generic No HTML 1 25 6 Detailed No HTML 1 22 7
Generic Yes HTML 1 21 8 Detailed Yes HTML 1 19 1 Generic No Text 2 38 2 Detailed No Text 2 38 3 Generic Yes Text 2 59 4
Detailed Yes Text 2 80 5 Generic No HTML 2 27 6 Detailed No HTML 2 32 7 Generic Yes HTML 2 23 8 Detailed Yes HTML 2 33

Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:

  • Use the data shown in the table to conduct a design of experiment (DOE) in order to test cause-and-effect relationships in business processes for the company.
  • Determine the graphical display tool (e.g., Interaction Effects Chart, Scatter Chart, etc.) that you would use to present the results of the DOE that you conducted in Question 1. Provide a rationale for your response.
  • Recommend the main actions that the company could take in order to increase the response rate of its e-mail advertising.
  • Provide a rationale for your response.
  • Propose one (1) overall strategy for developing a process model for this company that will increase the response rate of its e-mail advertising and obtain effective business process. Provide a rationale for your response.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Build regression models for improving business processes.
  • Design experiments to test cause-and-effect relationships in business processes.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in business process improvement.
  • Write clearly and concisely about business process improvement using proper writing mechanics

Table: Improving E-Mail Response Rate
Run Heading Email Open Body Replicate Response Rate
1 Generic No Text 1 46
2 Detailed No Text 1 34
3 Generic Yes Text 1 56
4 Detailed Yes Text 1 68
5 Generic No HTML 1 25
6 Detailed No HTML 1 22
7 Generic Yes HTML 1 21
8 Detailed Yes HTML 1 19
1 Generic No Text 2 38
2 Detailed No Text 2 38
3 Generic Yes Text 2 59
4 Detailed Yes Text 2 80
5 Generic No HTML 2 27
6 Detailed No HTML 2 32
7 Generic Yes HTML 2 23
8 Detailed Yes HTML 2 33

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

E-mail marketing process has continued to gain significant attention as one of the best, convenient and cost effective method of advertising through which targeted marketing can be carried out. As a result, e-mail marketing has over the recent past being adopted by both small and big companies an their preferred choice of marketing because of its potential to reach a wider customer base, carry out targeted marketing, and this has been facilitated by tremendous technological advancements witnessed over the last one decade.

An evaluation and rearrangement of the collected data about the three (3) key factors of e-mail advertisements considered in all two (2) combinations can be summarized in the table shown below:

Table 1: A summary of the e-mail marketing combinations

KEY FACTORS OF E-MAIL ADVERTISEMENT
Replicate 1 Email Heading Email Open Email Text
Generic Detailed No Yes Text HTML
Response Rate 148 143 127 164 204 87
Replicate 2 Email Heading Email Open Email Text
Generic Detailed No Yes Text HTML
Response Rate 147 183 135 195 215 115
Total 295 326 262 359 419 202

Based on the data presented in table 1 above a design of experiment (DOE) is conducted in order to test cause-and-effect relationships in business processes for the company. For instance, it can be succinctly determined that the response rate is the measure to the improvement of email advertisements. Hence, a cause-and-effect relationship model (simple linear regression model) shown below shall be used:

This implies that the response rate shall be determined by the key factors of the email advertisement whereby they can be considered all of them, but in this case the cause-and-effect relationship shall be conducted for a particular key factor of the email advertisement against response rate.

The graphical display tool to be used to present the results of the DOE conducted is a linear graph, and the linear graphs are presented for replicate 1, replicate 2 and the total of replicate 1 and 2. The rationale behind using the linear graph is that, apart from making sure that the data from the conducted study being presented visually, there is also a linear linkage of all the data points in the graph in order to succinctly show the specific performance of each key factor of email advertisement.

The linear graphs shown below are for each of the three cause-and-effect relationships considered in the design of experiment (DOE) which are conducted such as: replicate 1, replicate 2 and the total of replicate 1 and 2 are presented in the figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3 respectively.

 

 

 

Figure 1: Replicate 1 Response Rate

 

Figure 2: Replicate 2 Response Rate

 

Figure 3: Total Response Rate

 

From the critical evaluation of the data collected by the company concerning its email advertisement process, as a method of improving its marketing email response rate, it is evidently clear that there are two main actions that the company ought to implement swiftly in order to ensure that its e-mail advertising response rate is increased significantly. For instance, from the data summary table and the subsequent three linear graphs it is undoubtedly clear that the company needs to change its e-mail heading and body in order to make sure that the response rate is increased considerably. The rationale for this recommendation is due to the fact that, detailed e-mails (from e-mail heading) as well as text e-mails (from e-mail body) both got the highest levels of opening and eventually highest rates of response for both replicates.

Considering that the company adopted a simple linear regression model to determine the cause-and-effect relationships, this strategy could only compare a single key factor of e-mail advertisement to its respective response rate. However, adoption of a multiple linear regression model would be an overall strategy which could be highly appropriate for developing a process for the company because it has the potential to considerably increase the response rate of its e-mail advertising eventually leading to obtaining of effective business process.  The rationale for this proposal is due to the fact that, the prediction outcome of the cause-and-effect relationship when more than one factor of email advertisement is considered is more effective than when only one factor is considered. For example, the design of experiment (DOE) conducted in order to test cause-and-effect relationships in business processes for the company indicate that the company has to adopt e-mail headings that are detailed as well as text e-mail body for increased levels of opening as well as increased rates of response. Hence, a multiple linear regression would help to simultaneously compare the effect of these factors to response rate rather than considering each of them individually. This is highly essential in making sure that the overall impact of e-mail advertising on basis of its specific key factors is evaluated at once.

Conclusion

In conclusion, it can be clearly observed that the design of experiment (DOE) can be conducted in order to test cause-and-effect relationships in business processes using appropriate models and graphical display tools. Also the company can implement various actions in order to ensure that the response rate is significantly increased.

References

Creswell, J.W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches, (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.

Sapsford, R. & Jupp, V. (2006). Data Collection and Analysis, (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications Ltd.

Sauders, M., Philip, L. & Thornhill, A. (2007). Research Methods for Business Students. London: Pitman Publishing.

Sekaran, U. (2010). Research Methods for Business. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.   https://iaear.weebly.com/uploads/2/6/2/5/26257106/research_methods_entiree_book_umasekaram-pdf-130527124352-phpapp02.pdf

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Impacts of corporate Social Responsibility Policy

Impacts of corporate Social Responsibility Policy
Impacts of corporate Social Responsibility Policy

Impacts of corporate Social Responsibility Policy

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Impacts of corporate Social Responsibility Policy

  1. Assess how, and to what extent, corporate social responsibility can be meshed with a corporation’s obligation to maximize profits for its shareholders.

Organization recognizes the importance of social responsibility. For this reason, the organization continues to emphasize on sustainable growth, and great financial returns; while simultaneously   giving back to the communities. Organizations   main objective is to meet customer demands in the food and beverage spectrum. It has scrutinized   products which are associated with obesity and has replaced them with healthier alternatives which have lower sugar and fat content, while simultaneously meets the consumer’s demand of easily accessible snacks. To do so, organizations   invests heavily on research so as to innovate health products (Chang& Ying, 2015).

The second role of social responsibility is seen in the organization commitment to reducing its negative impact to the environment.  Organizations do so by distributing a large part of its resources in conservation of the environment.  This is done through various approaches such as packaging initiatives where the materials are recycled to minimize waste products. The use renewable sources of energy such as wind turbine, and solar energy conserves the environment. Additionally, it forms partnership with communities and other organization which focuses on the efforts of reducing environmental degradation (Tschopp & Huefner, 2014).

Organization commitment and support to its employees reflects the organization’s aspect of social responsibility. The organization goal is to support employees of diverse culture so as to engage positively with the people in the workplace as well as the community.  Through this approach, the organization gets the opportunity to grow due to increased new perspectives in the community; thereby increasing creativity at the workplace. The company acknowledges the fact that satisfied employees are the key to success and satisfied customers.  The organization collaborative culture is sustained by employing world class employees, and retaining the world class talent through employee motivation packages. It also empowers employees through training on leadership skills and effective management strategy. The employee’s turnover rates are reduced and run its operation at a reduced cost, hence making immediate revenues (O’Riordan & Fairbrass, 2013).

An organization maintains its commitment to the community and stakeholders by sustaining high principles and standards. The organization has established code of conduct which addresses ethical concerns in the company such as bribery. The organization has internal audit program, and a 24-hour line which is used to report ethical violations. This gives the organization competitive advantage. The reduction of ethical risks acts a magnet which attracts even more investors and stakeholders (Wang et al., 2014).

  1. Then, assess the ethical nature of the company you selected. You may want to use the Ethical Weather Report on page 386–387 of your text.

Corporations also share laws and regulations like normal citizens, and whenever they violate these laws, they face penalties and fines. The role of leaders in such corporations is to sustain the key ingredient in ensuring that the corporations sustain the ethical codes. Leaders act as examples and role models in ensuring that desirable conduct is maintained in their organizations. PepsiCo is an excellent example of such organization which acknowledges the role or respect, responsibility, trustworthiness and commitment to social responsibility as indicated below (Wang et al., 2014).

  1. Assess the ethical nature of the company, and provide examples of the ethical behavior or ethical structure of the company.

PepsiCo company guiding principles include; care for the customers by selling products that customers can relate to.   Respect others; embrace cultural diversity as well as meeting both the long term objective and short term goals. Through these guiding principles, PepsiCo demonstrates its social responsibility and its commitment to a sustainable environment. This way, the utility costs are reduced bringing in immediate revenues. Every company’s success is attributable to the organization relations with the stakeholders. For this reason, PepsiCo strives to adequately meet the need of its customers- the number one stakeholders. Secondly, the organization meets other stakeholder expectations by providing its services with increased integrity, honesty, transparency, and through effective communication (PepsiCo, 2010).

The employees are required to act more ethically. The managers are required to lead by example. They are expected to lead as role models so as to inspire others. To ensure the ethical nature of the organization is sustained, the organization rewards integrity, encourages ethical decision making, and avoids retaliating against the employees who are bold enough to speak up. This way, the organization creates an environment where the members feel comfortable to seek help to solve issues which are escalating (Executive leadership, 2014).

  1. Identify the major stakeholders and their roles and responsibilities in regards to the issue, and explain how their stake in the issue will motivate them to do what they need to do.

PepsiCo interacts with wide range of stakeholders who represent the community, social and environmental interests. The organization impacts on many lives through the business, and therefore welcomes any honest discussion with individuals so as to integrate corporate social responsibility. Through consumers, PepsiCo offers a wide range of products which have great taste as well as excellent nutritional value. The organization plays a responsible role in promoting its consumer’s health and wellness. The role of customers is to inform the organization about questions and comments they feel that the need addressed (The guardian, 2014).

In the community, the PepsiCo identifies their responsibility of improving the community by supporting nonprofit organization and community stewards of the environment to protect and conserve the environment. The employees are the greatest factor of PepsiCo success. The employee’s involvement in corporate social responsibility is through talent sustainability. Employees respond to the organizational health on issues such as working conditions, inclusion of diversity and ways to improve their career development. The organization retail customers contribute significantly with the marketing aspects. The retail customers also contribute on issues which need to be improved, because they act as a link between consumers and manufacturers (Executive leadership, 2014).

The investors are involved in every aspect of corporate social responsibility in the organization. This includes regular conference calls done to get the investors opinion on the issues planned for the   corporate social responsibility. The commitment of investors is sustained through the concept of sustainability, and PepsiCo applies the concept of Dow Jones Sustainability Index (DSI) annually.  The investors are attracted by the impacts of corporate social responsibility which manifests as consistent financial growth. Other stakeholders include   suppliers and associate business such as the bottlers contribute significantly to the concept of sustainable conservation of the environment (The guardian, 2014).

  1. Assess the impact of the issue on the various stakeholders, and evaluate how this issue may affect the stakeholders in the future as well as describe the stakeholders’ likely reaction to the issue.

There are four factors which set stakeholders reaction. This includes the individual social factor level, the company factor levels as well as the company factor level.  These factors have an empirical capture on the variances of the CSR reactions among the stakeholders. Stakeholder’s main aim is to provide good returns for the investment, and where they are not achieved; they pressurize the management or could simply just sell their shares. It is important to engage the stakeholders in CRS because their reaction provides insightful information which could increase the business opportunities further. The reputation of the organization is improved by practicing more charitable acts. CSR and stakeholders participation complement each other. Whereas CRS acts as source of information, stakeholder involvement guides the information provided (The guardian, 2014).

  1. Next, with regards to the issue you chose for the project, assess the impact on the chosen company and other stakeholders—including monetary, legal, and reputation-wise—of continuing the status quo versus addressing your issue via corporate policy.

Corporate social responsibility has been found to solve businesses ethical problems. Through CSR, the company benefit themselves while still benefiting the society. The importance of CSR is that it encourages innovations. Through wide interactions with individuals, it results to a huge benefit to the company and the society. Through the sustainability lens, PepsiCo has innovated new products which are healthier and using lesser energy sources, thus saving the environment and the society at large. CSR also contributes to cost saving. PepsiCo has managed to increase its profit activities which results to cost savings such as using lesser forms of energy, recycling of waste products and the use of lesser packaging materials (Executive leadership, 2014).

For instance, it is estimated that the company saved about $600,000 in 2011. CSR also contributes significantly to brand differentiation. PepsiCo has found their voice in the market using their corporate social values. CSR enables employees to concentrate on both the short term and long term goals through reflective thinking. This protects the company’s future and ensures that the company fiscal results are sustainable.  CSR also increases the customer’s engagement which enables the organization raise awareness on issues that the government needs. It promotes good customer relationship, and business- business relations through effective communication. Similarly, employee engagement will ensure that they establish the best strategy for maintaining sustainability (The guardian, 2014).

  1. Assess the potential costs and benefits for the various stakeholders in addressing the issue through corporate policy, and quantify the cost and benefits of addressing the issue based on cited research and references.

PepsiCo is a leading global food as well as beverage company which records $65 billion.  The portfolio consists of about 22 brands which generate about $1 billion annually. The main business products enjoyed across the world including; the Quaker, Gatorade, Tropicana, Pepsi-Cola and Frito-Lay. The massive growth in PepsiCo  is attributable to the unique commitment of  employees  to sustain the organization growth (commitment performance)  coupled with the increased  innovative approaches to reduce the impact  on the environment; offer a great working environment to the employees and  increased respect to support the stakeholders and the communities  the organization operates in. The company operations are guided by the corporate social responsibility (PepsiCo, 2010).

References

PepsiCo. (2010). PepsiCo’s journey toward an ethical and socially responsible culture. Retrieved from  http://danielsethics.mgt.unm.edu/pdf/PepsiCo%20Case.pdf

Executive leadership. (2014). Pepsi CEO’s emphasis on ethics pays off. Retrieved from http://www.businessmanagementdaily.com/40523/pepsi-ceos-emphasis-on-ethics-pays-off

The guardian. (2014). Charity ethical investments push corporate such as PepsiCo on morals. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/voluntary-sector-network/2014/may/29/charity-pressure-corporates-invest-ethically-panoramas

Chang, K., Kim, I., & Li, Y. (2013). The Heterogeneous Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility Activities That Target Different Stakeholders. Journal Of Business Ethics, 125(2), 211-234. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1895-8

O’Riordan, L., & Fairbrass, J. (2013). Managing CSR Stakeholder Engagement: A New Conceptual Framework. Journal Of Business Ethics, 125(1), 121-145. doi:10.1007/s10551-013-1913-x

Tschopp, D., & Huefner, R. (2014). Comparing the Evolution of CSR Reporting to that of Financial Reporting. Journal Of Business Ethics, 127(3), 565-577. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2054-6

Wang, S., Gao, Y., Hodgkinson, G., Rousseau, D., & Flood, P. (2014). Opening the Black Box of CSR Decision Making: A Policy-Capturing Study of Charitable Donation Decisions in China. Journal Of Business Ethics, 128(3), 665-683. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2123-x

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Holistic Nursing Term Paper Available

Holistic Nursing
Holistic Nursing

Holistic Nursing

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Prompt 1

One of the reasons to assess a patient’s thoughts and beliefs about health and illness is to identify any patterns or beliefs that may affect his or her health and healing. How would past experience with cancer in another family member possibly impact a patient’s own health and healing if he/she was diagnosed with cancer? Choose one of AHNA’s core values (body, mind, emotions, spirit, social/cultural, relationship, context, and environment) and discuss how you can care for yourself in that area in order to improve well-being. Use examples from your clinical experience and cite sources from the readings or online library.

Prompt 2

From your clinical experience, provide two examples of healing rituals that your patients from different cultures have utilized to support their health and healing. Give a general description of the rituals including the type of ritual, who performed it, where and how often it was performed, and how the patient believed that it would help him or her to heal. Choose rituals from different cultures. Support your answer with sources from the readings or the online library.
AT LEAST 1 CITATION FOR EACH PROMPT

 

SAMPLE ANSWER

Holistic Nursing

ANHA   outlines five core principles for holistic nursing including; holistic philosophy and ethics, caring process; communication which upholds cultural competency; research and nurse self-care as well as nurse reflection.  For effective patient care in oncology, nurses must understand that self-care is important because it prevents burn out. In this context, I ensure that I have adequate time to nourish my mind, body and spirit.  I take walk in the park to appreciate nature and to meditate at least twice a week.  I also ensure that I surround myself with the right people. I ensure that my diet is balanced and always aim to sleep for at least six hours. This aims at nourishing my spirit, mind and body (Povlsen & Borup, 2011).

There are many rituals which have been practiced in order to improve health. For instance, Tea ceremony which is conducted by Buddhist leader is a ritual common in Hinduism.  The patient must be present and awake when taking the tea. The person is only supposed to focus on the present activities such as warmth from the cup of tea, the aroma and sweetness of the delicacy. The tea has many ingredients which are important in herbal therapy, and its principles are based on meditation. This ceremony is done as often as possible. Smudging ceremony is performed to remove negative energy to help one start a new phase of life. It involves burning of sage, the smoke is believed to send away evil spirit and to bless the area. The activities include drumming and dancing to send evil spirit away. The event is conducted by a healer; it is done in the vicinity of the patient. It is recommended that it should be done regularly to scare demons. After these two rituals, the patients were contented and there was a massive improvement with chemotherapy (Richardson, 2012).

References

Povlsen, L., & Borup, I. (2011). Holism in nursing and health promotion: distinct or related perspectives? – A literature review. Scandinavian Journal Of Caring Sciences, 25(4), 798-805. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2011.00885.x

Richardson, C. (2012). Witnessing Life Transitions with Ritual and Ceremony in Family Therapy: Three Examples from a Metis Therapist. Journal Of Systemic Therapies, 31(3), 68-78. https://www.doi:10.1521/jsyt.2012.31.3.68

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How Terrorism is Propagated in the name of Religion.

How Terrorism is Propagated in the name of Religion.
How Terrorism is Propagated in the name of Religion.

How Terrorism is Propagated in the name of Religion.

Order Instructions:

My paper topic is: How Terrorism is Propagated in the name of Religion. This is for my CJUS 480 Terrorism class.

Minimum of 5 sources from both online and printed source material.

WIKIPEDIA does not qualify as a source.

SAMPLE ANSWER

How Terrorism is Propagated in the name of Religion.

Religious terrorists, such as radical Muslims, Christians, and Judaists, kill people, commit suicidal bombings among other terrorist activities in the name of a certain religion, yet in the real sense, these terrorist actions usually do not have any connection with the religion propagated (Qamar, nd). Religious extremists interpret religious provisions strictly in a manner that serves their goals of revenging, intimidating or causing a certain influence on their audience (Stern, 2003).

In most cases, religious terrorists aim at promoting a combination of material and religious goals, for instance, the acquisition of political power for purposes of imposing certain interpretations of religious provisions or forcing a certain outcome from religious texts in the bid to justify their fight to acquire contested authority (Qamar, nd). For instance, most Islamist movements have successfully managed to convince many Muslims that “jihad” is the most effective interpretation of contemporary Islam, and this has led to conversion of many ignorant Muslims into terrorists. Islamic scholars of the 18th Century, who founded “jihadism” and justified the killing of non-combatants, is the basis for the belief that Islamic terrorism is justified (Upadhyay, R. (2005).

According to FBI reports, more than 90% of terror threats and attacks are carried out by Islamist movements and groups. Since they believe that they are fighting a holy war with ultimate spiritual benefits, religious extremists do not fear any kind of earthly penalties that they may be subjected to as a result of their “religious cause”. This is the reason for many terrorists offering to undertake such dangerous missions as suicidal bombings and attacking high-profile buildings. These radicals also wage war against other members of their religion who are not radicals (Atran, 2003).

References

Atran, S. (2003). Genesis of suicide terrorism. Science, 299(5612), 1534-1539.

Eleveld, K. (2015). Obama: No Religion is Responsible for Terrorism. Retrieved from: http://www.dailykos.com/story/2015/02/18/1365323/-Obama-No-religion-is-responsible-for-terrorism

Qamar, N. A. (nd). Religious Terrorism: Causes and Remedies. Retrieved from: https://www.alislam.org/library/articles/Religious_Terrorism_Causes_and_Remedies-20081006MN.html

Stern, J. (2003). Terror in the Name of God: Why Religious Militants Kill. New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Upadhyay, R. (2005). Terror Ideology – Is it Divine. Retrieved from: http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/paper1006

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Managing investments Research Assignment

Managing investments
              Managing investments

Managing investments

Order Instructions:

For this paper, the writer will have to read the two post and react to them in one paragraph each. The writer will expand and constructively challenge each of this postings using a minimum of one scholarly article to support his point. each posting respond must have a minimum of 250 words and APA must be use . The writer will respond directly on the uploaded paper with the respond coming directly under each posting as indicated. the references must be in APA format.

SAMPLE ANSWER

It is true that the effectiveness of any investment decision depends on the cash flows, project life, and the discounting factor (Preda, 2009). Before the commencement of the project, an immense understanding of the overall project is critical as this will help provide an economic view whether the project is feasible or not. The time value of money will help assess the feasibility of the overall project by comparing the inflows and the outflows of the overall life cycle of the project (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2013). The cash flows consideration needs to be done in combination with the overall life of the project in determining whether the benefits of the project are sufficient to justify the current outlays. The combination of the payback period, the net present value, and the internal rate of returns are significant in determining the feasibility of the project.

The project with a positive net present value is feasible and has positive outcomes of the investment. However, the shortcoming of the net present value is that is does not take care of environmental factors that may also affect the outcome of the project (Cullen & Broadbent, 2012). In this regard, evaluating the capital project requires multiple analyses that also take care of other factors such as environmental influences. In this regard, the optional situation evaluations are good in assessing capital project feasibility as it will provide a clear understanding of the potential of the project, in addition to providing an overview of how much the organization is likely to lose in case the project fails. According to Hightower (2009), the use of decision trees in analyzing the feasibility of the project is also useful as it gives provides the management with the option of abandoning the project during implementation when the net present value turns out to be negative.

References

Preda, A. (2009). Framing Finance: The Boundaries of Markets and Modern Capitalism. University of Chicago Press

Cornett, M., Adair, T., & Nofsinger, J. (2013). M:Finance. McGraw-Hill/Irwin; 2 edition

Cullen, J., & Broadbent, M. (2012). Managing Financial Resources (CMI Diploma in Management Series). Routledge; 3 edition

Hightower, R. (2008). Internal Controls Procedures and Procedures. Wiley   https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Internal+Controls+Policies+and+Procedures-p-9780470287170

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Laws on never events Essay Assignment

Laws on never events
Laws on never events

Laws on never events

Order Instructions:

“The Whiteness Project is a multi-platform media project that examines both the concept of whiteness itself and how those who identify as “white” process their ethnic identity. The project’s goal is to engender debate about the role of whiteness in American society and encourage white Americans to become fully vested participants in the ongoing debate about the role of race in American society.”

The task is to dialogue with two different people who are profiled on The Whiteness Project website. You must choose two of the following four people:

1. The white man wearing blue hospital scrubs;

2. The white woman wearing Purple Blouse w/silver chain and medallion;

3. The white woman with long blonde hair and wearing black shirt with white vertical stripes;

4. The white woman with short brown hair, nose ring, and glasses.

You can agree with what they say. You can disagree. You can strongly object. You can get into a heated argument. That decision is entirely yours.

To aid your efforts, please read (and reference in your essays) the attached readings: (1) Bonilla Silva, “Rethinking Racism” (2) Desmond and Emirbayer, “To Imagine and Pursue Racial Justice.”

Write 450-500 words for each of the two people that you choose. That means the total length of your essay should be between 900-1000 words.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Laws on never events

The white woman wearing Purple Blouse w/silver chain and medallion

To some extent, there is agreement with the utterances of the lady. She points out to the domination of the country by white men who have turned to be exclusive. However, there is no problem with the abundance of the white men in the country. This is because; no one chooses the color of their skin. People just find themselves in certain pigmentation. The problem is with the exclusion of others on basis of color. The lady points to the exclusion done by white men to people who are not white males. This is where the problem comes in. The abundance of the white males in the country would yield no negative sentiments without the exclusion element. Although the tendency to exclude others can be said to have been planted in the orientation of people by their predecessors and therefore hard to do away with, there is responsibility of every one to put efforts to ensure a correction of this orientation. We are all responsible in correcting the mistakes done in the past even if we did not participate in doing the wrong. (Matthew and Mustafa, p260) On this note, with the inclination that the excluding attitude of the white men is wrong, it calls for efforts of every one to ensure a correction of the same.

On the same note, there is need to understand that the issues of racism, or specifically white male domination as discussed by the lady, is not a matter of biological component, rather it is a social issue. Even social scientists acknowledge that the issues of racism are socially constructed and not based on biological matters, (Eduardo pp472).This calls for understanding of the past orientations, and not to show the negative attitude toward the white male domination as indicated by the lady toward the end of the conversation. Gain, the inclination of the issue towards social aspects means that there are all possibilities of arriving at a viable solution; hence it is not a matter to be given up on.

It is crucial that everyone does not regard their pain as being the largest. This is because, as the other people accuse the white (males) of domination and exclusion of others, the whites feel that they are unfairly accused. With this in mind, it is crucial that every one considers the feelings of the others and come up with solutions that are aimed at bringing consensus and not oppressing one side of the issue., It is not helpful to only concentrate on the pain on our side, rather there should be efforts to understand the issue from the other person’s side of view, (Matthew and Mustafa pp 260-261)

The white woman with short brown hair, nose ring, and glasses

To some extent also, there is some degree of agreement with the assertions of the lady about whites and racism. First, it is true that the whole issue is complicated by the association of white with power. It is agreeable that many people associate the white people with power, and therefore, the debates of racism and color are not entirely on the outward issues but on the power associated with the color. As the lady points out, it is crucial that everyone feels powerful and proud wherever they are. This is because, when one explores their abilities to the maximum, there is always opportunity to reach the feelings of power in a certain area. This is what people should work towards and not on excluding others are accusing others of doing the same on basis of their color.

It is in alignment with those thoughts that there is need to put efforts in addressing the attitudes of the people in both sides, the whites (majority) and the non-whites (the minority). The efforts of ensuring that the people in both sides of the issue have positive attitudes towards the efforts of addressing racism is crucial in ensuring success of tackling the issue, (Matthew and Mustafa pp262) With absence of instilling the positive attitude, the efforts would not bear fruits. There would be much disparity between the two sides such that to arrive at a consensus would be too difficult.

However, the utterances of the lady, that everyone could feel proud and powerful whenever they are is doubtful. This view does not orient to disagreement that everyone could arrive at this. Rather, the doubts originate from the difficult circumstances posed by the domination of the whites that render it difficult for the non whites to achieve the pride and the feelings of powerful as said.  There is acquisition of relative autonomy in the social settings by the racism, even as much as it is socially addressed, (Eduardo pp 474). This autonomy at times translates to dominance which is so high such that the non whites find it difficult to cultivate their power and feelings of pride. With the domination of the whites in all spheres of life, it is difficult for the non whites to cultivate their pride. But this view is still arguable because; the domination of the whites can rightfully be said to be pegged on numbers. The whites being the majority in the country are expected to be higher in number in most of the areas. It is crucial to look for means of softening the extents of the effects of discrimination even in work areas, (Hochschild pp 337) Of crucial point is the extent of the domination especially in relation to power and the extent of the exercise of the pride because, show of pride such that it interferes with other people will impact negatively in the society.

Works cited

Eduardo Bonilla-Silva. “Rethinking Racism: Towards a Structural Interpretation.” The University of Michigan (1996)

HOCHSCHILD, JENNIFER L. “Acting White? Rethinking Race In Post-Racial America.” Political Science Quarterly (Wiley-Blackwell) 129.2 (2014): 336-337. Academic Search Premier. Web. 29 May 2015.

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub1038713

Matthew Desmond and Mustafa Emirbayer.  “To Imagine and Pursue Racial Justice”: Harvard University (2012)

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Global Health Essay Assignment Available

Global Health
Global Health

Global Health

Introduction

This essay explores diabetes as a highly prevalent disease among Indian seniors. Diabetes mellitus is usually more common than insipidus and the essay emphasizes on the former. Two subtypes of diabetes mellitus earn most attention in the study. They are diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2, also referred to as insulin-dependent and insulin-independent respectively (Kumar, Goel, Jain, Khanna, & Chaudhary, 2013, Pg. 524). In Indian population, diabetes type 2 is more common and severer than type 1.With the characteristic change of livelihood in the recent years, the old in India get higher risk to diabetes than in the earlier days. Some primary care measures in the management of the situation are in place, and there is prospective to better the practice.

Epidemiological Background of Diabetes in India

Diabetes has affected a large population in India, and it still remains a major health issue. The disease accounts for a large percentage of deaths in the country especially among the aged. Currently, 62 million Indians have the condition according to research (Kaveeshwar & Cornwall, 2014, Pg. 45). Studies indicate India as among the nations most affected by diabetes. In 2000, investigations indicated the country as the most hit by diabetes. While India had a diabetic population of 31.7 million, America, the second placed had 20.8 million. China was third with 17.7 million people being diabetic (Kaveeshwar & Cornwall, 2014, Pg. 45). There is likelihood that when global diabetic population increases, India will have contributed the largest population. Factors predisposing Indians to diabetes are many and the situation creates uncertainties for the nation regarding the issue. Though some factors are easily identifiable, others are complicated and stakeholders in healthcare face the challenge of understanding them. Issues that hinder researchers from understanding risk factors include the population’s heterogeneity in relation to ethnicity, culture and socioeconomics (Kaveeshwar & Cornwall, 2014, Pg. 46). Factors currently identified include genetics and the Indian environment. As an environmental factor, livelihood in India predisposes people to obesity, which in turn makes them prone to diabetes.Regional variations are also identified as risk determinants, whereby Indians in rural areas are less exposed to diabetes than their counterparts in towns. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) found that Maharashtra and Tamil regions have higher statistics of affected people than Chandigarh and Jharkhand, which are to the north of the state (Kaveeshwar & Cornwall, 2014, Pg. 46). Such disparities are also common in other countries such as Australia (Sukala, Page, Rowlands, Lys, Krebs, Leikis, & Cheema, 2012, Pg. 432).  Research is yet to prove whether the fact of most people in northern India being migrants while those in south are host could influence the variations. Geographical locations in India also influence diabetes management as access to screening and necessary medication is limited in the rural areas. People who suffer from diabetes in poor regions are more likely to die of the same compared to those in developed regions. In impoverished regions, there is higher likelihood of inadequacy of education offered to people. The aged, for example, may not access education on preventive practices and could face greater risk of diabetes than their educated counterparts (Khalil, Tan, & George, 2012, Pg. 577). The prevalence of diabetes in India is peculiar in that the population is not as much exposed to obesity like in some western countries, yet it records higher cases of diabetes than them. Obesity is not more common in India than these countries, yet it is usually the lead causal factor (Rao, Kamath, Shetty & Kamath, 2011, Pg. 54). In the recent, diabetic complications have increased among the older Indians. A large diabetic population in India expresses inability to control blood sugar level, and ends up developing abnormalities in their vascular structures.

Challenges in the management of diabetes in India include unavailability of HbA1c tests to most Indians (Kumar, 2010, Pg. 128). Insulin therapies are also hard to administer following decreased clinical activeness. Indian guidelines also fail to sufficiently address issues with insulin use therefore making it hard to practice the clinical role (Unnikrishnan, Anjana, & Mohan, 2011, Pg. 10). Managing the current status of diabetes in India requires efforts from the, government as well as other involved parties (Kumar, Goel, Jain, Khanna, & Chaudhary, 2013, Pg. 530). The Indian government has made efforts toward the control the illness. Efforts by the government include the establishment of National Diabetes Control Program (Kumar, Goel, Jain, Khanna, & Chaudhary, 2013, Pg. 524). Healthcare practitioners require helping the population with strategies that address early detection, prevention, and management of diabetes (Kaveeshwar & Cornwall, 2014, Pg. 47).  Generally, issues addressed on management of diabetes in India include increasing access to services, increasing the affordability of medicines, improving service quality as well as conducting more studies to develop helpful initiatives (Kumar, Goel, Jain, Khanna, & Chaudhary, 2013, Pg. 525).

Social Determinants in the Management of Diabetes in India

Management of diabetes is subject to several social factors. Stakeholders need to pay attention to such factors in their strategies to improve outcomes in diabetic patients. There is the necessity of research to test outcomes based on social determinants. To curb the increased prevalence of diabetes in India, such research studies are mandatory. Social factors also entail environmental issues, in addition to cultural ones.  Diabetes is prevalent among the poor, middle-earning as well as rich populations. India is generally a middle-earning country, and diabetes is more prevalent among the poorer people. Environmental influences in diabetes include feeding habits and physical activities. Intake of food that is highly calorific has increased among Indians causing development of obesity and hence diabetes. Measures in diabetes management include monitoring of one’s diet to lower the risk of taking too much fats and sugar. Asif wrote that people aim at maintaining the safest concentration of sugar and lipids in blood (2014). Health professionals advocate for increased uptake of fruits, whole grains, vegetables, low-fat dairy products and food high in unsaturated fats (Asif, 2014). On the other hand, diabetes management requires reduced intake of red meat, legumes, fish and nuts (Asif, 2014).The International Expert Committee provided dietary guidelines for management of diabetes. In the guidelines, experts advise patients to take carbohydrates as starch. While patients should avoid refined sugars, they may take non-nutritive sweeteners. In addition, people should avoid animal fats, salt, and tobacco smoking (2009, Pg. 1328). Again, failure to engage in physical strains as is the common situation with advanced technology, places people at the risk of diabetes. Given that India has realized substantial developments in technology, the aged in the country are unlikely to take manual activities. For instance, the old would prefer driving to walking even when covering short distances. Failure to exercise leads to too much fat deposits in the body and individuals are likely to become obese. Since the old have machines at their disposal, management of diabetes could be difficult as it requires them to forego machines for manual actions. As a measure to manage diabetes, care providers educate patients on matters relating to the disease. As Larranaga, Docet and Garcia-Mayor wrote, teams concerned with the management of diabetes should monitor insulin regimens, while still educating patients (2011, Pg. 190). Psychosocial approaches are also important in the management of diabetes in India. Kalra, Sridhar, Balhara, Sahay, Bantwal, Baruah, and Kumar addressed psychosocial influences in diabetes management. The researchers indicated that optimal outcome in managing the disease entails physical, social as well as psychological fitness (2013, Pg. 380). Psychological status, particularly, affect administration of self-care in diabetic patients. Kalra et al. noted that psychological factors affecting patients in India differ significantly from those associated with patients elsewhere (2013, Pg. 380). Economic factors are also crucial in the management of diabetes. A significant part of the Indian population is poor, and may not meet the financial costs of insulin treatment. In addition, culture and religion as social practices determine the level of diabetes management. Generally, these practices interact with healthcare provision, hence influencing it. Some attitudes developed with culture, combined with illiteracy may hinder care for diabetic patients. Some uneducated people are unlikely to understand the complexity of issues associated with diabetes management. Use of traditional medicine, a relatively common practice in India, also influences diabetes management from a societal perspective. 14% of Indians use herbal medication and some people in the population may not readily accept convectional medicine that most care providers offer (Kalra, et al. 2013, Pg. 379).

Primary Healthcare Delivery in the Management of Diabetes among the Aged in India

Milat, O’hara and Develin explained that primary care usually focuses on disease prevention (2009, Pg. 87). As such, campaigns characterize the type of care. If properly conducted, primary care can reduce the occurrence of diabetes. In people who are already diagnosed with the disease, elderly Indians for this case, primary care aims at attaining a normal concentration of sugar in their blood. (Ramachandran, Das, Joshi, Yajnik, Shah, & Kumar, 2010, Pg. 8). There is need for clinicians to offer quality care to patients as complications of diabetes could result into other life-threatening illnesses. Ramachandran et al. noted hat more than half of diabetic patients in India possess poor ability to control their blood sugar, and their vascular structures have abnormalities (2010, Pg. 8). Clinicians also require awareness on high standards of care especially with newly developed therapeutic agents. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) offered recommendations that 53% of diabetes patients receive insulin therapy for six years, while 75% should take more than one treatment strategies for approximately nine years. When offering primary care, practitioners should understand that too much insulin could induce obesity, worsening the situations of patients resistant to it (Ramachandran et al., 2010, Pg. 8). In primary care, clinicians can attend large populations of patients and establish follow-ups. When attending aged people with diabetes, practitioners in India should establish links with their patients to facilitate the process of care delivery. Nurses should lead in implementation of strategies that educate patients on diabetes. In addition, primary care providers need to be optimistic, and encourage their patients to increase their chances of recovery. Though diabetes is a chronic disease, patients can still lead an enjoyable lifestyle if they receive high quality primary care. Since nurses have intensive expertise in counseling, they assume the most effective position in primary care for diabetic patients. In addition to offering primary care, nurses should develop strategies to improve their services to patients. Nurses require being creative and initiative as professional virtues. When combined with their caring character, the two traits would enable nurses make essential transformations in diabetes management.It is also advisable that since the occurrence of diabetes varies with genetics, culture, social practices and geographical locations, nurses and other practitioners should be sensitive of the variations. Generally, primary care should see to it that preventive measures are fully exploited just as the ones addressing diabetes treatment. In primary care for instance, clinicians should encourage patients to engage into healthy livelihood. Dietary and exercise intervention are essential at the primary level of care for old people with diabetes. Other parties involved in primary care for diabetic patients include dieticians, pharmacists, physicians and psychologists. Professionals from various fields should cooperate to facilitate primary care. Team work as seen in interdisciplinary teams could offer the best outcomes in diabetes management. Patient care is often complex but can be promoted if stakeholders associate appropriately. Practitioners should ensure that the care they offer is patient-centered, and that it constitutes healthy communications with patients, partnerships and focuses beyond the situation at hand. Practitioners require explaining essential concepts of the disease to patients. In addition, they should be able to assess the feelings, expectations as well as beliefs of their patients. Generally, care providers need developing common grounds with their patients. When primary care is patient centered, there are higher chances that satisfaction will be obtained for both the providers and receivers of services.

Future Healthcare Directions in the Management of Diabetes among the Aged in India

Currently, the occurrence of diabetes among the aged in India is alarming. There should be long-term strategies to help overcome the situation. There are, therefore, rapid changes in the management of diabetes as approaches are unlimited (Universit5y of Melbourne, 2011). Researches are carrying out studies to develop better means of addressing diabetes among all populations. For instance, there are moves to develop new drugs that can be more effective than the current regimens. Ramachandran et al. explored possible drugs that may help fight diabetes in the future. The researchers indicated that analogues of glucagon as well as those of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 could offer better therapeutic agents in the future (2010, Pg. 8). Researchers are carrying out clinical studies on new drugs and in the near future, there could be drugs that would change the common regimens applied for diabetes. Drugs in advanced developmental stages include DPP-4 inhibitors, which include vidagliptin and sitagliptin (Ramachandran et al., 2010, Pg. 8). As Ramachandran et al. expressed, the two drugs improve the sensitivity of beta cells to insulin, and could be useful for diabetes mellitus type 2 (2010, Pg. 8). Measures that address livelihood seem to offer the best approach on management of diabetes. Dietary modifications and engagement in exercise can lead to high performance in minimization of diabetes cases in India, especially among old people. Oral drugs, which currently are the most used in diabetes, may not be the first-line choices as times goes by. Better means of managing diabetes will be developed to ease the burden of having to take medications on daily basis.Drugs that would be more preferred in the future, should not only manage diabetes, but also its comorbidities. Again, their use should guarantee optimal safety while still being effective. Since insulin is the central hormone in diabetes, researchers are likely to develop its receptor agonists as therapeutic agents (Sanofi Diabetes, 2012). There are also moves to develop long-acting drug compounds that would have great effect in management of diabetes.Usually, challenges with the current diabetes therapies necessitate the development of new therapies.

Conclusion

India has the highest cases of diabetes mellitus in the world. Diabetes mellitus is more prevalent among the old than it is with the young. Indian population faces several risk factors that predispose them to the disease. These factors include genetics as well as social and cultural factors. Social practices and cultural beliefs often influence health care provision. In most cases, cultural beliefs work against care provision for the aged diabetic patients in India. To address the high occurrence of diabetes in India, clinicians and the government take a central position. It is upon clinicians to ensure that they offer quality care to diabetic patients in the move to manage the disease.

References

Asif, M. (2014). The prevention and control the type-2 diabetes by changing lifestyle and dietary pattern. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 3, 1. doi:10.4103/2277-9531.127541

Kalra, S., Sridhar, G. R., Balhara, Y. P. S., Sahay, R. K., Bantwal, G., Baruah, M. P., … Prasanna Kumar, K. M. (2013). National recommendations: Psychosocial management of diabetes in India. Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 17(3), 376–395. doi:10.4103/2230-8210.111608

Kaveeshwar, S. A., & Cornwall, J. (2014). The current state of diabetes mellitus in India. The Australasian Medical Journal, 7(1), 45–48. doi:10.4066/AMJ.2013.1979

Khalil, H., Tan, A., & George, J. (2012). Diabetes management in Australian rural aged care facilities: A cross-sectional audit. Australas Med J, 5(11), 575–80

Kumar , A. (2010). Insulin guidelines: taking it forward. Medicine Update (API India), 20, 127–130. Retrieved May 28, 2015 from http://apiindia.org/pdf/medicine_update_2010/diabetology_19.pdf.

Kumar, A., Goel, M. K., Jain, R. B., Khanna, P., & Chaudhary, V. (2013). India towards diabetes control: Key issues. Australas Med J, 6(10), 524–531.

Larrañaga, A., Docet, M. F., & García-Mayor, R. V. (2011). Disordered eating behaviors in type 1 diabetic patients. World Journal of Diabetes, 2(11), 189–195. doi:10.4239/wjd.v2.i11.189

Mkilat, A. J., O’Hara, B., & Develin, E. (2009). Concepts and new frontiers for development – What role should health promoters play in lifestyle-based diabetes prevention programs in Australia? Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 20(2), 86-94

Ramachandran, A., Das, A. K., Joshi, S. R., Yajnik, C. S., Shah, S., & Kumar, K. M. (2010). Current Status of Diabetes in India: Need for Novel Therapeutic Agents. JAPI, 58, 7-10

Rao, C. R., Kamath, V. G., Shetty, A., Kamath, A. (2011). A cross-sectional analysis of obesity among a rural population in coastal southern Karnataka, India. Australas Med J, 4(1), 53–57.

Sanofi Diabetes. (2012). All about Diabetes: Future Directions. Retrieved May 28, 2015 from http://www.sanofidiabetes.in/future-directions.aspx

Sukala, W. R., Page, R. A., Rowlands, D. S., Lys, I., Krebs, J. D., Leikis, M. J., & Cheema, B. S. (2012). Exercise intervention in New Zealand Polynesian peoples with type 2 diabetes: Cultural considerations and clinical trial recommendations. Australas Med J,5(8), 429–35

The International Expert Committee. (2009). International Expert Committee report on the role of the A1C assay in the diagnosis of diabetes. Diabetes Care, 32, 1327–34

University of Melbourne. (2011). Diabetes: Future Directions. Retrieved May 28, 2015 from http://research.mdhs.unimelb.edu.au/event/diabetes-future-directions

Unnikrishnan, R. I., Anjana, R. M., &Mohan, V. (2011). Importance of Controlling Diabetes Early–The Concept of Metabolic Memory, Legacy Effect and the Case for Early Insulinisation. JAPI, 50, 8–12.

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Advanced care plan Essay Assignment

Advanced care plan
Advanced care plan

Advanced care plan

An advance care plan is a structured and ongoing communication or discussion between a patient and a professional health caregiver which is meant to communicate the future wishes of the patient in matters concerning treatment and care options should they not be able to communicate these wishes at that particular time. (Oliver, 2013, pg 135) The discussion might also involve a third party such as the patients close family member. Mr. Mario who lives with his wife, Rosa,  is a 46 year old man with stage 4 pancreatic cancer who has just been told by his oncologist that the chemotherapy treatment he was receiving is no longer effective. Over the past few days, Mr. Mario has been experiencing symptoms such as nausea. The following is an essay concerning Mr. Mario’s advance care plan.

Initiating the conversation on advanced care planning

This conversation is meant to discuss with a patient the method and means he would like to be treated or taken care with once he or she falls seriously ill and he is not able to make such decisions then. Usually, this conversation is started when it is clear that a patient’s health risk is very high and so is the case with Mario. The conversation on advanced care planning with Mario should have been initiated after being told by the oncologist that the chemotherapy was unlikely to be ineffective and that is the same period when he decided that he would focus on the time he has with his family. During the initiating of the conversation, it is important to explain to Mr. Mario what the conversation is all about and the importance. It is after this that he should then be asked if there is anyone who he thinks should be present during the conversation. This should then be followed by the deliberate allowing of time so as to provide the patient with an opportunity to reflect. (Yeung, Escalante & Gagel, 2009, pg.46)

After that, the conversation can then begin and this must be done by using words not too insensitive to the patient for example, ‘I would like to discuss with you about your wishes of future care in case you get very sick which might not happen but just in case it does you will not be able to express your wishes and at that point it would be very important to know what you would have wanted’, ‘Have you considered about the place or type of care you would want to have in case you became too sick to take care of yourself?’ or ‘most people usually think about what they may want in the future and they usually have their wishes drafted  in a document called Advance Health Directive. Would you like to know more about this Advance Health Directive?’

Preparing for the conversation

There are some very important issues that should be taken into consideration in preparation of the advance care planning discussion and this is mostly so as to protect and maintain the welfare of the patient and this are as follows

Firstly, one should review all medical files notes or files of the patient. This is meant to ensure that all that all the relevant and critical clinical information concerning the patient are available. The same can still be achieved through consulting other medical care experts involved with the patient. (Goldstein & Morrison, 2013, pg 273)

Secondly, the health care professional should also ensure that he or she has a private and comfortable area to carry out the discussion. This area should be free from interruptions from anyone. This will help in boosting concentration while collecting all the necessary information. In addition to finding a private area, one should determine if there is a family member who can participate in the discussion. This family member should be a very close family member. This can be determined through scrutinizing the patients’ health and personal documents.

Moreover, it should be made sure that the patient is in a mental capacity to participate in the discussion. This is so because the patient, if not in the capacity to discuss these matters, can easily fall into a depression. If there is a family member participating in the discussion, the same should also be made sure to avoid any cases of afterwards depression. Chambers, Germain & Brown, 2010, pg55)

One should ensure that he or she has drafted a structure that will be used during the advanced care planning process. This can be achieved for example, through having a structure that contains leading question. The draft structure should be able to contain the following components;

  • it should lead one in identifying the goals, advantages and disadvantages of the methods and interventions that the patient would want sought
  • it should be able to ensure that the patient knows the level of seriousness of his stage four pancreatic cancer.
  • It should be able to lead the patient in knowing that his disease is palliative.
  • It should also be able to identify the patient’s fears or greatest concerns.
  • It should be able to determine what the patient thinks about the advance care planning.

One should have an understanding and be well conversant with all local laws that concern the drafting and implementation of such critical documentation. One should also ensure that he or she has adequate knowledge on how to access the necessary documents.

Lastly, arrangements for the appropriate support services should be made prior to the initiating of the conversation. Among other things, this support service can be helpful in consoling the patient if he or she gets emotional during the conversation and breaks down.

Who should be involved in the discussion?

An advanced care planning discussion usually involves a patient and it also advisable for very close family member to be present although the consent of the patient will have to be sought first. In the case of Mr. Mario, his close family member is his wife Rosa, so it would be appropriate to involve his wife in the discussion. Both the participants will be required to participate in the discussion through sharing their opinions concerning the advance care plan. Mr. Mario could also choose for his attorney to be present especially if he is interested in transferring his power of attorney to a different person such as Rosa who would be required by the power of attorney to make decisions for his husband when the husband is not in a capacity to do so. Whatever is discussed in the advance care plan is then documented which will make it easy to use for future references. The wishes are then legalized through filling out legal forms entailing all your wishes. This can be done with the help of an attorney although it is not necessary. (Noogle, 2012, pg 57)

Information to be included in the advance care plan

There are issues that should be included in an advance care plan. For an effective outcome, this should mostly be in the form of questions. The issues to be addressed should be as follows;

Firstly, there should be goals, advantages and disadvantages of any interventions that might be required when taking care of the patient. These goals may include decisions of emergency treatments to keep the patient alive such cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) which is meant to restore the heartbeat if it stops, comfort care which involves relieving pain, artificial nutrition or artificial hydration which are meant to provide nutrition to the patient through a tube when the patient is unable eat or drink. This is meant to ensure that Mr. Mario fully understands the consequences of any method before preferring for it to be used in the advance care plan. (Thomas & Lobo, 2011, pg 239)

Secondly, the plan should be able to address the patients preferred place for receiving future care and this is meant to ensure that the patient is comfortable in receiving this care for example; this could be asked as ‘where would you prefer to receive future care?’

Although not necessary, the patient should be given the opportunity to decide whether he would like to donate any organ or tissue in case of death and the question asked could be; ‘incase of death, would you like to donate any of your body organ or tissue? If so where or to whom would you want the above stated organ or tissue donated?’ (Vadivelu, Kaye & Berger, 2013, pg 100).

The advance care plan should be able to make sure that the patient and his wife are aware of the extent of seriousness and risk of his pancreatic cancer. This is one of the means of ensuring that the participants are in the right mental capacity to get involved in the discussion. For example, this could be asked in the form; ‘are you aware of the extent of risk of your level four pancreatic cancer? If so what do you think are the risks involved?’

The care plan should be able to inquire from the patient the people he would like to make decisions for them in case they are unable to make these decisions. The care plan should still be able to inquire if the patient has shared his wishes with his family or friends. This could be in the form; ‘Incase your are not able to make any decision, whom would you like to act in your capacity in making these decisions? Apart from your wife, have you informed any other family member or friend of your wishes?’

The plan should be able to diagnose Mr. Mario’s gravest and deepest fears concerning his pancreatic cancer. The same should also be inquired from his wife, Rosa. For example this could be asked as ‘what are your deepest fears concerning this disease?’

Lastly, the advance care plan should give Mr. Mario or his wife the opportunity to ask any question related to Mr. Mario’s health that might have not been addressed in the care plan. This could be asked as ‘Is there any other issue concerning the disease that you would want addressed here?’

Reviewing of the advance care plan

This involves the revisiting of the advance care plan discussions and at times the decisions set out in the advance care plan can be changed. It is usually advisable for the reviewing to be done regularly due to a number of reasons which can apply in Mr. Mario’s case. The following are the main reasons for reviewing the plan or circumstances that might trigger the reviewing process

Firstly, Mr. Mario or his wife could request for the reviewing or change their mind about a decision that they had made earlier this might for example, be triggered by the infeasibility of an option that they had recommended maybe due financial constraints or a number of other issues.

Secondly, there could be a change in circumstances that might require the reviewing of the plan. For example, change in medical conditions whereby a new disease or condition is discovered in the patient. The same could also be triggered by change of individual conditions for example incase Rosa, Mr. Mario’s wife, dies or any other person mentioned in the advance care plan and whose death affects the plan.

Thirdly, the reviewing can be done when Mr. Mario returns to the hospital for example when he is going back for a checkup or when the health care professional visits Mr. Mario at his home. Usually, the reviewing of the plans is usually set to be done constantly and in such cases the reviewing is done when the patient visits the hospital or when the health care professional visits the patient at home. (Hartmann, Loprinzi & Mayo Clinic, 2012, pg 45)

Fourthly, the reviewing can be done if the medical options that are present in the advanced care plan changes the needs of Mr. Mario in regards to the plan for example in the discovering of a co morbidity.

Fifthly, Mr. Mario can revoke the advance care plan any time and this will require the preparation of a new advance care plan. In such a scenario Mr. Mario might view the earlier on plan as not been appropriate due to a number of reasons and this will require him to revoke the care plan and request for the drafting of a new one.

Lastly, during the making of the advance care plan, Mr. Mario can state a review interval of which after the interval time lapses, the making of a new advance care plan will be required. For example, Mr. Mario could state that he would require reviewing the care plan after every two months. After the lapse of these two months, Mr. Mario will then be required to review the care plan.

Activation of the advance care plan

This involves the point and time at which the discussion in the plan will be implemented. In Mr. Mario’s scenario this will take place under the following circumstances.

Firstly, activation can occur if Mr. Mario enters into a comma for example, after he collapses at the shopping centre and becomes non responsive and is taken to the hospital. If he completely fails to respond, then implementation of the care plan will be deemed necessary.

Secondly, the activation can occur in case of Mr. Mario deaths. In this case the advance care plan will be activated in that, if he had requested in the care plan for his body tissue or organ to be donated, then his wish will have to be fulfilled. (Barnsteiner, Disch, Walton & Sigma Theta Tau International, 2014, pg 107)

Thirdly, the activation maybe triggered by the person who has the power of attorney. This involves transferring your rights to make decisions concerning certain issues to another person who is required by law to make decisions that will be in your best personal interests if you are not in a capacity to make these decisions. In this case Mr. Mario could have given this power to his wife Rosa so if by any chance Rosa feels that Mr. Mario is not in a capacity to make decisions then she can ask for the implementation of the advance care plan.

Fourthly, the activation of the care plan can be triggered if Mr. Mario experiences dementia. This is a condition whereby the patient’s mental ability is impaired and cannot make decisions as a reasonable man. In such a case the patient will not be in the right mental capacity to make a reasonable decision so this will require the fulfilling of his wishes as he had earlier on stated in the care plan. (Leah & Susana 2013)

Lastly, the activation can be triggered by a medical condition which will make it impossible for Mr. Mario to communicate his decisions such as stroke or paralysis. In such a condition, the patient might be in good mental capacity to make decisions for himself but the communication of this decision might be difficult hence necessitating the use of his wishes as stated in the advance care plan

In conclusion, an advance care plan plays a very crucial role since it betters the quality of life of the patients, provides medical care which is less aggressive, helps families prepare for the death of a loved one and also helps in resolving family conflicts. (Thomas & Lobo, 2011, pg 78)

References

Oliver, D. (2013). End of life care in neurological disease. London: Springer

Yeung, S.-C. J., Escalante, C. P., & Gagel, R. F. (2009). Medical care of cancer patients. Shelton, Conn: People’s Medical Publishing House.

Goldstein, N. E., & Morrison, R.S. (2013). Evidence-based practice of palliative medicine. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.

Hartmann, L. C., Loprinzi, C. L., & Mayo Clinic. (2012). The Mayo Clinic breast cancer book. Intercourse, PA: Good Books.

Weis, J,. & Horneber, M. (2014). Cancer related fatigue

Noogle, C. A. (2012). Neuropsychology of cancer and oncology. New York: Springer Pub.

Chambers, E. J., Germain, M., & Brown, E. A. (2010). Supportive care for the renal patient. Oxford: Oxford University press.

Fischer, S., Gozansky W., Sauaia A., Min S.,Kutner J., Kramer A. (2006). A practical tool to identify patients who may benefit from a palliative approach: the caring criteria Shrewsbury, UK: NHS 285

Thomas, K., & Lobo, B. (2011). Advance care planning in end of life care. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

In Vadivelu, N., In Kaye, A. D., & In Berger, J. M. (2013). Essentials of palliative care.

Melnyk , B. M., & Fineout-Overhault, E. (2011). Evidence based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

In Christensen, A. J., In Martin, R., & In Smyth, J. M. (2014). Encyclopedia of health psychology.

In LoBiondo-Wood, G., & In Haber, J. (2014). Nursing research: Methods and criticsl appraisal for evidence-based practice.

Barnsteiner, J. H., Disch, J.M., Walton, M. K., & Sigma Theta Tau International, (2014). Person and family centered care.

Leah, R., & Susana L. M. (2013). Advance care planning: communicating about matters of life and death. New York: Springer Pub.

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Philips Essay Paper Available Here

Philips
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Philips

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Note: To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached

I need an essay in the following subject:
Your task is to prepare an annotated outline of your Final Project, briefly indicating the content you plan to include in each section of the report and the concepts and techniques you plan to apply for analysing any data and developing your argument. The outline should not include detailed sections of the Final Project. Instead, it should be a specific and crisp overview of the contents that will comprise the final report.

You need to briefly describe what information you will include in each section of the report that will work to satisfying these requirements. The work that will be carried out in the outline should represent a higher-level view than the contents of the Final Project. As such, you must remain at this level to avoid reusing the same wording in the final document.

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1) The answer must raise appropriate critical questions.

2) Do include all your references, as per the Harvard Referencing System,

3) Please don’t use Wikipedia web site.
4) I need examples from peer reviewed articles or researches.

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Note: To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached

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SAMPLE ANSWER

TQM W7 ASS

Monitors, lighting, color picture tubes for TV’s and shavers are among the products of Philips, one of the three top world’s producers. 50 million integrated circuits are turned out each day by the factory, 30 million tubes of pictures and 1.5 billion lamps of incandescent are produced by the company every year. The company has interests listed on 16 stock market in 9 states, has over 25 locations that has global network of 400 designers, has 265000 employees and has service and sales outlets in 150 countries and over 40 states with 240 production places (Robert, 2013). The company also has also invented 1000 products, has six research laboratories and employees 3000 scientists (Robert, 2013).

In 2003, Philips announced it’s signing of the agreement regarding the transfer of the Audio, Video, Multimedia and Accessories business to Funai on January 29, 2013. Since signing, the company, has been working hard to prepare the business for transfer in the second half of the year 2013. This process has now been completed (Robert, 2013).

BEST represents breakthrough leadership process in Philips. Through alignment of all business and leadership process, BEST drives the company to a World-class level by those improvements. To make things better, Philips is guided by principles to manage the enterprise, commitment and seek betterment. Speed improves programs and makes them focused, clear and correct. Delay of deliveries of programs are seen if the speed is slow. Shorter process cycle accelerates the learning speed at Philips.

At Philips, the managerial knows that without teamwork they cannot compete to get full potential. Hallmark of business at Philips are teamwork, business Excellency, hallmarks and speed. There is always a difficulty in convincing the sales and promotion managers to hold responsibility for TQM. The resistance was partly caused by concern of quality as the main responsibility of the quality department (Ad banjo, 1997).

It is agreeable that most organizations in an attempt to implement TQM would have faced considerable philosophical and practical obstacles. With managers and executive’s difficulty in interpreting and understanding TQM, they could not be expected to sell the idea to the remaining companies. This is hence the reason for failure rate as high as 75% by programs of TQM (Cao et al, 2000).

Ad banjo, (1997) the commitment for TQM implementation by the chief executives is vital. If the chief executives is from a finance or sales background and has a historical or personal skepticism management issues, it will be tricky getting to buy-in. However, while chief executives and organizations performance is scrutinized on a yearly or even quarterly basis, TQM tends to have a medium to long-term payback.

However, though lacking the power to deal adequately with the other dimensions, TQM is an approach to change management that focuses almost entirely on changes in the process. TQM’s benefits may all be regaled by structural, cultural and political constraints, but its value in process improvement is not disputed. (Cao et al, 2000).

Dale et al. (2000) some chief executives, have started to return to quality and cited six sigma as the rebirth of classic quality because they are fed up with excellence without performance, this may not be too surprising and there are likely to be wider issues involved, While there appears to be some justification for this view.

Effective EFQM has provided a holistic model termed as business excellence to hold such a purpose. New directions to the quality movement and deep and lasting changes into participating organizations has been given by the model and the associated self-assessment process (Dale et al, 2000). Due to the raised question whether or not it makes any sense to compare companies according to an arbitrary weight structure, which has never been empirically tested, research on weight structure has been limited and this is problematic regarding the use of the model (Eskildsen, Kristiansen,  Juhl, 2002).

The strong mechanistic history of TQM was as a result of change in focus from quality to excellence was believed. Convince managers in departments such as sales and production to take responsibility for quality was found to be difficult by researchers. When such managers saw the word quality they thought TQM to be the sole responsibility of the quality department. It was evidently difficult to enable the whole organization to understand the philosophy and broaden the ownership of TQM from the quality department to all levels in an organization (Ad banjo, 2001).

Sun et al, (2004) TQM may have been misunderstood narrowly as a tool for quality improvement only. The principles of TQM improves the enterprise   performances in terms of productivity, cost, customer satisfaction, quality, delivery, market share and profit. More explanation is needed to justify the move from the EFQM model to the European Business excellence model. However, a feeling may rise that the TQM movement is over.

Chapman, (2000) two organizations, one each from the private and public sectors, applied the EFQM excellence model to improve their performance by using a flexible and innovative approach. The aim of any business excellence model is to remain in dynamic and flexible enough to change depending on the influence and opinions of organizations using them ( Ashton, 1997).

Jeanne’s, (2000) every type of organization should be able to include any of the dozens of quality initiatives under the model and identify the relevance of the model to several practices and initiatives. Quality of goods was totally removed though it can be argued that it’s the slow growth of the use of classical quality management that caused the wide acceptance of business excellence.

There are a lot of parallels between six sigma and excellence model, both are complementary approaches. The US equivalent of the UK business excellence award ,two of the early winners of the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, have been proponents of the six sigma approach, including Motorola, the organization that first came up with the idea (Morgan, 2000).

Increasing use of initiatives may be stirred by use of techniques and management tools for the desire to succeed at excellence of a business, though it is entirely based on TQM principles. For the survival in today’s market, there should be need for complement between organizations by the quality and business excellence to enable the success of the business.

Reference list

Adebanjo, O. A. (1997), A framework for total quality culture development, PhD, University of Liverpool. United Kingdom.

Cao, G, Clarke, (2000), A system view of organizational change and TQM, the TQM magazine,   United Kingdom.

Dale, B. (1999), Excellence and total quality management: is there a difference, Food Industry     Journal, Vol. 3 No.2 pp105-14. London.

Jeanne’s, C. (2000), Death by a 1000 initiatives, quality world. Bristol.

Kristiansen, K, Juhl, H.J, (1999), beyond the bottom line- measuring stakeholder value. Sage,       London.

Morgan, J. (2000), Six Sigma excellence, UK excellence, United Kingdom.

Robert Biel, (2013), News line: Philips to take legal action against Funai. London.

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