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Company law Term Paper Available

Company law
Company law

Company law

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Constitutional impediments and Commonwealth-State rivalry prevent Australia having effective national, corporate regulation

Is this statement an accurate description of the situation in Australia today? Discuss, in the light of recent reforms to the regulatory scheme and problems which may arise in the future.

Guidelines
The word limit is 2400 words. If the assignment exceeds the word limit by 100 words or less, there will be no penalty. If the assignment exceeds the word limit by more than 100 words, there will be a penalty of half a mark deducted for each extra 50 words or part thereof. Footnotes will not comprise part of the word count nor will a bibliography. If the assignment word count is well below 2400 words (2100 words or less) there will be penalty.

NB: Late assignments will be penalised as follows:
• Up to 3 days late 5% of the maximum possible mark awarded for the assignment
• From 4–7 days late 10% of the maximum possible mark awarded for the assignment
• From 8–14 days late 25% of the maximum possible mark awarded for the assignment
• More than 14 days late Not marked

Refer to the Rules concerning all assignments for the circumstances when these penalties may be waived. Remember that the extension to the submission deadline is exception rather than the rule and it can be granted only in exceptional circumstances.

The assignment may cover all unit objectives, though content will vary with the topic selected. In addition to matters developed in more detail below the marker will examine whether you have:
1. identified and clearly stated the relevant issues;
2. applied relevant legal principles to the resolution of these issues;
3. critically analysed deficiencies in the law and recommended appropriate changes to the law;
4. integrated and evaluated relevant knowledge from both the material covered in this unit and your own independent research;
5. developed and sustained a concise and convincing legal argument through to a logical conclusion;

6. correctly referenced and acknowledged sources;
7. fluent, clear, concise writing, not containing poor expression, grammar or spelling; and
8. answered the specific question asked.
It is most important that your assignment address the issues raised in your chosen topic. Think about the topic and make sure you understand what the topic is about before you proceed.

Marks cannot be awarded for irrelevant material, no matter how good that material is. The assignment should contain:
1. An introduction, clearly setting out the broad direction of the assignment, its objectives, any parameters of the assignment, and perhaps a summary of the arguments;
2. Presentation of argument, review of literature and compilation of evidence relevant to the topic;
3. Conclusion, clearly summarising the arguments or findings;
4. a reference list, setting out all the books, articles and other sources you have referred to in the course of writing the assignment. You need not have necessarily read each reference from start to finish, but you should have at least looked up each reference;
5. Accurate citation of your sources of information. Your written material must be presented in accordance with the most recent Australian Guide to Legal Citation (AGLC) adopted by this School (you can download a copy of the AGLC from ).

Students should note the following:
• Many people are not familiar with the requirements of assignments. Basically they are like any other piece of good writing. They must have a beginning, a middle and an end. They must be organised so that one point leads to another in a logical sequence. Headings and subheadings are usually of assistance to the reader, who should be easily able to ascertain the logic of your arguments. You should look at the articles you read in the course of your research as a model for style and organisation.
• Statements of fact must be supported by referencing in the proper form. Also arguments and ideas you are adopting or disagree with must be properly referenced. This is one of the most important aspects of your assignment, and severe penalties will be imposed if you do not reference. Be aware of the University’s and Law School’s rules on plagiarism. You should avoid over-reliance on only a small number of sources. You are expected to have read widely on the chosen topic.
• You are expected to employ your critical and analytical skills in this assignment. Avoid mere description or regurgitation and do not quote excessively. Generally speaking, no more than 10% of the assignment should be direct quotes or substantive copying of other people’s work. Both your observations and your use of other people’s writing should reflect this critical/analytical dimension. In sum, your intellectual input should be clearly discernible in the assignment.
• You are not marked for your political or social views or opinions, but rather for your ability to present coherent, rational and logical arguments, properly supported by authority.
• You are also marked for your ability to express yourself clearly, logically and succinctly. Poor expression, grammar and spelling will detract from your overall mark.

•Many students do not also realise that the more drafts of the assignment that are written, the better standard the final product will normally be. You should aim to find the time to complete at least two, if not three, drafts prior to handing the assignment in. This will be especially important in ensuring that the word limit is not exceeded.

Marking criteria
Important information: You are advised to consider the following information carefully before starting your assignment.
The assignment will be marked according to the following criteria.
Research (40%) You are expected to demonstrate a comprehensive review of the primary law sources (legislation, case law) as well as an adequate review of secondary sources (for example textbooks, journal articles, case commentary, explanatory memorandum, Law Reform Commission reports). Your research should be used to identify and clearly state the relevant issues and legal principles and support your analysis.
Analysis (50%) You are expected to analyse the information gathered and evaluate the relevant legal principles. You are expected to develop your argument logically through clear analysis and apply relevant legal principles to the resolution of issue(s).

Your analysis should also:
• integrate and evaluate relevant knowledge from the material covered in this unit;
• develop and sustain a concise and convincing legal argument through to a logical conclusion; and
• importantly, answer the specific question asked.

Technical aspects (10%) You are expected to:
• correctly reference and acknowledge sources;
• use fluent, clear, concise writing that contains clear expression, correct grammar, syntax, sentence structure and spelling; and
• Use headings and subheadings (where appropriate), an introduction, conclusion and bibliography or reference section.

Submission of assignments
All students are required to upload an electronic copy of their assignments via Turnitin. DO NOT send a hard copy of your assignment.
Assignments must be uploaded on or before the due date.
Your assignments must be submitted as either Word documents (.doc or .docx) or as text documents (.rtf). Please do not submit PDF files. Please discuss any other file format with your lecturer well before the due date.

You can start by discussing history. I would say it is advisable since the constitutional issues are highlighted by earlier cases. You may also discuss Commonwealth-State rivalry in other areas of law as Tax law but briefly just to make a point or compare with Corporate law related issues

SAMPLE ANSWER

Company Law

Introduction

The commonwealth (Federation) and the States have been engaged in rivalry since the inception f the Australian federation in 1901, which has only got more heated over the past years given that the High Court has continued to award more power to the commonwealth at the expense of the States. The commonwealth has continually used the powers of the Australian High Court in judicial interpretation of the constitution to exercise their constitutional power over the policies of the States. A clear example of such a case was in 1942 when the High Court upheld the decision by the commonwealth to levy taxes through the First Uniform Tax case so that it could finance the war effort become the sole collector of taxes across the whole federation (OBPR, 2008). The High Court cited section 51 (ii) within the constitution that gave powers to the commonwealth to levy taxes (OBPR, 2008). The key issue of contention is that in cases where there is a conflict between the commonwealth and state regulations, the relevant commonwealth laws are considered supreme in such situations. The rivalries between the commonwealth and the states and the impactof the constitution have created an untenable situation in Australia that impedes effective national and corporate regulation. This was true in the past and is still true today although significant steps have been taken to create reform and change within the regulatory system so as to improve the situation. This paper shall focus on the recent reform agenda pioneered by the Council of Australian Governments (CAOG) and its effect on Australia and its corporate regulatory environment.

Fiscal Imbalances between States and the Commonwealth

A common source of rivalry between the Commonwealth and the States in recent years has been regarding how the federal government gives funding to the States through awarding them various grants. Given that the federal government is the sole tax collector in the country, it has to find a way of redistributing the taxes collected back to the States so that they can provide essential services to their people (OECD, 2009). The federal government is required to fund various basic services such as the provision of services to the elderly including their health care, and at the same time, it is supposed to provide basic health services to the rest of the population, but the States governments are required to provide hospital services. This scenario indicates that the responsibilities of the federal government and the State government overlap and the two bodies have been known to commonly use this overlap to blame the other party for any deficiencies in the provision of health services. As this blame game rages on because of the rivalry between the Commonwealth and the States, ordinary Australian continue to suffer due to lack of some basic health services as they are being told that it is the fault of either the State or the federal government (OBPR, 2008). Similar blame game scenarios exist in the provision of other basic services, which lowers the service delivery aspect of both governments.

Harmonization of legal and regulatory requirements

The commonwealth and the State governments also have a lot of rivalry that arises out of the harmonization of the legal and regulatory requirements for businesses in the country that have acted as a significant barrier to the growth of the country’s economy. Research indicates that through harmonization, the country can generate significant GDP growth, growth in real incomes and create more jobs, which will reduce unemployment and raise the living standards of many Australians. The rivalry has acted as a significant barrier to harmonization with both governments wanting to be the superior partner in such partnerships and to get the best of the benefits that accrue from such partnerships instead of thinking about the benefits to ordinary Australians (OBPR, 2008). It has seen Australia continue to offer significant obstacles in terms of regulatory requirements when creating companies and when paying for licenses with many corporations being charged for licenses both at the State and the national level. Without the rivalry one can  only imagine how far Australia would actually go in terms of being one of  the most friendly nations to investors and businesses in the region and maybe even across the globe.  Over time efforts to establish national trade authorities and organizations that mange trade on a national level through harmonization have been met with a lot of resistance by the State governments. This rivalry has resulted in the lack of implementation of most of the harmonization programs in Australia.

National partnership payments

The delivery of services in the states has been affected for a long time by federal-state relationship in the sense that whatever the state governments did was tied to the policies of federal agencies. The NPP programs through which the federal government funded most of the projects of the states was skewed in the favor of the federal government, which had excess control over what the states did with the funding as it usually had attached conditions. The states were extremely limited in the scope of independent choices they could make in terms of how they would spend the money they received from the federal government. However, in order for states to have autonomy in their affairs as envisioned in the constitution, the role of the federal government in deciding the policies of states should be non-existent or minimal at best (‘BEPS and recent developments in Australian corporate tax law,’ 2013). Efforts to create a more independent relationship between the federal governments and the states have faced challenges because of the existing rivalry with most of the proposed changes still not being implemented. A different funding program should be implemented in order to give states more power over the policies they implement by removing the attached conditions that were a part of federal funding. Such a strategy would ensure that states have more control over the delivery of services within their jurisdictions, which will increase innovation within the states and boost competition between states that will benefit all Australians.

Rivalries between heads of governments

Initially the Commonwealth was almost entirely responsible for meeting of heads of governments that discussed the reform agenda in Australia, which gave little room for the states to set their own agenda and fully express their needs and policies in relation to the federal government policies. The heads of agencies in the federal government would arrive at such meetings with their requirements for the state governments clearly outlined with little room for debate, which fueled the rivalry further. However, the COAG has strived to reverse this trend and create a new culture for such meeting between heads of governments by directly involving the heads of governments from the states, the territories and the commonwealth in the planning of such meetings (COAG, 2008). Other avenues for dialogue have also been created in terms of working groups and ministerial councils, which meet much more frequently than in the past where COAG meetings were only convened on an annual basis and were extremely brief (OECD, 2009). These frequent collaborative meetings have served to increase the cooperation between the state and federal governments, which has significantly increased the pace of reforms within the country. The establishment of a Center for the Australian Federation by the states in 2006 is a clear indicator of the increased role of the states in the reform agenda currently being implemented in Australia.

The Impact of Ministerial Councils

During the implementation of recent reform agendas, the role of the ministerial councils has taken center stage given that they are a direct way of ending state and commonwealth rivalry as they are usually made up of ministers from states, the territories and the commonwealth (OBPR, 2008). The impact of ministerial councils cannot be understated as they usually result in the adoption of specific policies by the states that quickly translate into legislations and finally into regulatory practices in the states and territories. The ministerial act as avenues for resolving any issues that arise between governments and  the COAG has identified them  as a crucial component of the efforts to implement the reform agenda within the states because of the authority of the members of such councils as representatives of their governments. Initially the ministerial councils were too many with some having overlapping roles and there was ineffective communication between the numerous ministerial councils which directly impeded the coordination of their activities and their effectiveness. However, the CAOG embarked on a project of streamlining the effectiveness of the ministerial councils and creating better integration firstly by reducing their number and redefining their scope and providing clear guidelines for their formation (COAG, 2008b). The ministerial councils have been vital in redefining the role of the states in creating their own policies, which has positively impacted the relationship between the states and the commonwealth by increasing the autonomy of the states (OECD, 2009).

Improved mechanisms for regulatory management

A crucial component of the rivalry between state and federal governments is the rising costs of compliance across various jurisdictions in Australia because of non-uniform regulatory schemes that lead to double taxation on businesses, thus hindering business competition. Although the federal government is the sole tax collector, businesses are taxed and regulated under the individual constitutions of each state or territory, which greatly increases their compliance costs across jurisdictions (OECD, 2009). In order to improve the regulatory management mechanisms, the CAOG got the three levels of government to agree to several guidelines that would govern the regulatory environment (COAG, 2008b). The agreement included the establishment of gate keeping or controls as a crucial component of the decision making process, use cost-benefit analysis as a method of improving the quality of decisions made by analyzing  the impact of such decisions. The agreement also involved the establishment of better analysis of the cost of compliance resulting from new regulations on individuals, businesses and the community, while at the same time increasing the scope of the impact analysis performed for new regulations (‘BEPS and recent developments in Australian corporate tax law,’ 2013). These mechanisms are supposed to apply to all three levels of government and the ministerial councils as they create regulations within the recommended regulatory framework in order to eliminate all forms of rivalry between states, territories and the federal government.

Applying best practice principles in regulation

In order to create and implement equal regulatory requirements the three levels of governments agreed to abide by some principles that would ensure the equality of regulations across Australia based on principles of equality and fairness. Some of the guiding principles under this agreement brokered by the CAOG include establishing a credible case for action before attempting to create legislation to solve a particular problem, considering several feasible options before making a decision on the best option to adopt for the problem, and adopting only those options that have the greatest overall positive impact on the society (COAG, 2008). The three levels of government also agreed not to restrict competition unless it could be proven that the benefits of such a move on the community would be greater than the costs and that this was the only way such benefits could be attained. The governments should also guide those affected by certain regulations on how best to comply with the regulations so that the expected policy outcomes might be achieved, while at the same time the governments should keep regulations up to date and relevant over time. In case there are issues that are raised by several jurisdictions after a particular regulation is being considered for implementation, the ministerial councils should halt its processes and commission a review of the decision making process (OECD, 2009). If the review team finds faults with the process, the council has the option of using the findings and recommendations when making their final decision, but if they ignore the recommendations, the heads of government may take up the issue.

Working Arrangements that Facilitate National Reform

As coordination between the commonwealth and states increased significantly after the December 2007 elections the COAG created a set of guidelines that would guide the creating of appropriate working conditions for the Australian workforce under the renewed cooperation between the two governments. Some key areas of focus included health and ageing, business regulation and competition, and productivity agenda including training and education. Working groups were constituted by the CAOG to create proposals for the implementation of these strategies, which were headed by a minister of the commonwealth with their output being in form of proposals, and delivery objectives (COAG, 2008). Heads of treasuries complemented the working group as an independent unit chaired by the Commonwealth Head of Treasury where they worked out formulas for implementing the proposed financial plans (OECD, 2009). The major strengths of the working groups include the fact that they have a clear agenda, they have high ranking political leaders, they have adequate funding and well established secretariats, and are composed  of high level commonwealth and state officials with relevant experience in setting policies. However, states have raised issues with the significant role played by the commonwealth as the leader, but they also appreciate that the commonwealth is leading the reform agenda.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the analysis of the issues at the core of the rivalry between the commonwealth and state governments and the reform agenda implemented by the CAOG indicate that the reform agenda has tries to resolve most of the issues that impede the establishment of a national corporate regulatory environment. I would like to point out that if the reform agenda is implemented fully by successful governments, they can prevent any future rivalries by preempting them and establishing structure to quickly resolve such rivalries in the future. I would also like to issue a cautionary word to the corporations that are relying on the reform agenda to rollout programs or expand operations across the country or even internationally that the pace of reforms is unpredictable. Reforms may be fast tracked by one government only for them to drastically slow down during successive administrations, which means that all corporations should plan for such eventualities in future. The rivalries between the three levels of government are not new to Australia, what would be new is if the current generation of leaders was able to completely resolve the rivalries and constitutional impediments to create a favorable corporate regulatory environment. The reform agenda discussed here holds the key to the desired corporate regulatory future, but Australian leaders must be willing to implement it fully to reap the maximum benefits for their efforts.

Reference List

‘BEPS and recent developments in Australian corporate tax law,’ 2013, International Tax Review, 24, 10, p. 15, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 August 2014.

COAG, 2007b, ‘COAG National Reform Agenda, COAG Regulatory Reform Plan April 2007,’ www.coag.gov.au/coag_meeting_outcomes/2007-04-13/index.cfm.

COAG, 2008, ‘Intergovernmental Agreement on Federal Financial Relations,’ www.coag.gov.au/intergov_agreements/federal_financial_relations/index.cfm.

OBPR, 2008, ‘Best Practice Regulation Report 2007-08,’ Department of Finance and Deregulation, Canberra.

OECD, 2009, ‘Regulatory Reform: In Depth Review of Australia,’ DAF/COMP (2009), 3.

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Lego case study Assignment Available

Lego case study
Lego case study

Lego case study

Order Instructions:

Assessment : Coursework
Please read the following case study and answer the questions at the end. Each
question has equal value.

Case Study
Lego: Learning From Mistakes
The Lego brand is known around the world as a leader in the toy market. It promotes learning through playing with colourful bricks that can be connected and disconnected to form a wide variety of objects such as robots and cars. The company was founded in 1932 by a Danish carpenter and despite interest from global giants in the toy world such as Mattel, has remained in private ownership.
The company has seen its profits rise and fall over the years. Its first loss was in 1998 as it faced stiff competition from the growth in the computer and electronic games market and difficult trading times followed with a massive loss of US$240 million being posted in 2004.
They had entered into an alliance with Disney to produce Hogwarts Castle Lego sets and sold over one million in line with the success of the first two Harry Potter films making them profitable again. But the dangers of being too reliant on this arrangement were evident when no more Harry Potter films were released after 2002 and sales fell once more.
Further brand extension strategies were tried but failed owing to a poor understanding of what kids wanted from Lego. There was a move away from the core brand into diversified products such as clothes and video games when in reality what the market wanted was for Lego to stick to their unique original product range. An additional threat was the high levels of competition from similar lower cost products.
Resisting takeover moves, the family fought hard to keep the company as a privately owned business appointing an ex McKinsey consultant Jorgen Vig Knudstorp as their new CEO. He quickly implemented a series of measures designed to save the business. Around 50% of the workforce was dismissed, factories were closed in Europe and manufacturing relocated to Eastern Europe and Mexico.
Knudstorp was keen to foster a culture of openness and team building by focusing on open communication between management and staff who had been largely unaware of how the business was run. He also realised that their future depended on returning to their core brand values and winning back loyal customers. By 2006 the company
was gaining sales and had started to be profitable again.

Much of this success was the decision to limit diversification, but the company also needed to listen to customers about what they wanted from the Lego range .Based on their previous success with Disney related products they developed more Harry
Potter and Star Wars toys . The Lego Star Wars video game became a best seller.
Reflecting on the problems that Lego had faced it appeared that management at the time gave designers a completely free hand allowing creativity to rule over good business practice. The components became too complicated for many children and a
vast increase in the number of parts resulted in higher costs of production.
The solution was to listen to their target customer and design products that they wanted, restrict design activity and make all departments work together bringing a balance of ideas and controls.
Lego is not the cheapest product in the market but they have the advantage of being the one that is recognised for quality and creativity. This will allow them to retain a position of competitive advantage.

Questions
1 You are required to assess and critically evaluate the branding strategy that Lego pursued when trying to re-establish itself in the global market after the
problems it experienced.

2 Select a preferred strategic option for Lego and develop an international marketing strategy.
(Adapted from ‘ Lego playing with its strengths’ with kind permission from Cengage Learning)
References: The Economist, 28th October 2006. J. Greene.’ How Lego revived its brand’,
Bloomberg Businessweek,23rd July 2010

Assessment
Assessment Instructions
This coursework will be in REPORT format and is worth 40% of the overall mark. The Harvard referencing style must be used. This is an individual piece of work
• All material such as company information, websites, books, newspaper articles, journals, theory and models MUST be referenced within the report as well as a full reference section at the end of the report.
• Use Appendices where possible to keep to the required word count ( 2500 )
• Please note the marking criteria and weight this accordingly within your assignment.
• Late submissions will be capped at P1 unless extenuating circumstances have been approved.

Marking Criteria
The following framework is a guide to the marks available for the assignment:
Report structure and presentation 15%
Critical evaluation of original branding strategy 35%
Recommended strategy with justified options 35%
References/bibliography 15%
Total 100%

SAMPLE ANSWER

Lego Case Study

#1

Each and every organization or business needs to establish its brand if it wishes to grow and acquire new consumers. There exist different types of branding strategies that firms can employ in attaining growth and acquiring new buyers. Some of these strategies have been noted to more effective than others in different market settings. Thus, firms are required to enter into their respective industries with well-established markets strategies for them to realize or witness success (Rubera, 2013). It is vital to note that the form of marketing strategy employed by a firm depends on the marketing needs of that firm. Prior to its establishment in the market, Lego focused on various branding strategies. However, the major branding strategy that this firm pursued to re-establish itself in the international market was the unique brand strategies. Unique branding strategy focuses on the establishment of a brand with unique characteristics around every service or product available. In some situations, this approach happens to be beneficial to organizations that provide various product lines or products. Furthermore, this strategy enables a product to maintain a positive reputation even when one of the brands performs poorly in the market.

Using the unique branding strategy as in the case of Lego is associated with several benefits. Taking into consideration the fact that this strategy focuses on the unique features of a brand around given product, the failure of one product cannot lead to the failure of the entire products offered by the company. When firms focus on specific products, the failure that arises from such products cannot be associated with other products (Robertson, 2013). This benefit stems from the fact that distinct advantages of every commodity can be attributed directly to specific brands. Focusing on the unique quality of a brand is significant in ensuring that companies invest adequate resources in the establishment of such brands. Focusing on the unique features of a product enables a company to improve in such features, which is vital in ensuring that organizations develop goods that have a competitive advantage over those that are produced by other firms as in the case of Lego. This company’s focus on the unique aspects of its brands helped it develop a product that meets the needs of the buyers. The focus on the unique brand strategy enabled the company to research on the needs of consumers followed by incorporating such needs in the products that it was developing. As a result, Lego managed to develop commodities that had a competitive advantage in terms of creativity and quality.  This success was evident in the development of the Lego Star Wars, a video game that managed to become the best seller. It is evident that the use of other strategies such as diversification does not provide organizations with a suitable platform on which the interests of buyers can be taken into consideration. For instance, the company was unable to address the needs of consumers when it shifted to the production of diversified goods such as video games and clothes. On the contrary, the company’s move was wrong as customers were interested in the firm’s unique range of products.

Unique brand approach is significant in ensuring that the company provides value as in the case of Lego and its products. This strategy enables the business to establish and communicate a brand message, which has the potential to influence how buyers perceive the company. Knudstorp employed the unique brand approach in returning the company’s core values, which helped the company in winning back its loyal buyers. A firms core values are vital in the realization of its success in the market. Core values of company help in developing a positive reputation of the business among buyers (Robertson, 2013). Furthermore, maintaining the core values of an organization is significant in ensuring that the firm sends a brand message, which is clear to buyers. In many situations, customers often develop their assumptions about the organization based on how they perceive it. Therefore, the aspect of establishing maintaining positive values of the organization as was done by Knudstorp  helps buyer develop a positive about the organization. Research has revealed that for businesses to grow in consistent and repeatable patterns, the companies’ buyers, employees and prospects must be in a position to associate these firms positively with things that offer positive values (Rubera, 2013).

Having a unique brand identity helps businesses grow in sustainable ways. As businesses expand, the presence of defined brands enables such organizations to build on their strengths alongside leveraging their unique values easily in the markets in which they operate. Managing the unique brand strategy is easier than managing other approaches such as the multi-branding strategy. This strategy has an added advantage in that it is not affected significantly by the choice of the business model.  On the other side, the use of the unique brand strategy has certain disadvantages.  When firm employ this strategy in marketing, each product often requires its marketing approach and budget with the absence of synergy between products (Rubera, 2013). As such, successes of products cannot be linked directly to the firm’s brand. Moreover, focusing on the unique features of the brand requires more resources than those required in other strategies such as the corporate brand approach. Establishing a unique brand requires companies to obtain information from other sources such as customers. Gathering information from buyers can be expensive as it involves methods such as survey that may consume time and resources. In addition, this process is complex as it involves working to comprehend the information gathered via objective analysis followed by an effective and consistent communication of the brand message to via channels of marketing and other touch points of consumers.

The economies of scale generated by the unique brand strategy are not more than those generated by multi-branding strategies. This approach focus on single brands, which makes the company earn more revenues from other products than others. However, using approaches such as the multi-branding strategy enables firms to earn revenues from all commodities that are sold under one brand. The unique brand approach does not address the needs of consumers who often have the tendency to shift to different brands (Rubera, 2013). In many markets, there exist consumers who always shift from one brand to another with the aim of exploring the benefits offered by other brands. Using the unique brand approach does not address the requirement of these buyers as it focuses on single brands. The level of internal competition generated by the unique brand approach is not as high as in other approaches such as the multi-branding strategy. As such, managers in companies that use this strategy are usually not subject to immense or stiff competition among themselves. In addition, this strategy does not provide firms with the opportunity of reaping the benefits of other brands. For instance, the success of one brand cannot be associated with another brand. As such, the company needs to invest adequate resources in developing the features of other brands.

#2

An alternative branding strategy that could have been employed by Lego is the blend brand strategy. The blend brand strategy focuses on the incorporation of elements from various branding strategies such as line extension strategy, corporate brand strategy and unique brand strategy. This brand strategy can benefit the company in several ways. Application of elements of the line strategy in this strategy ensures that companies can add new products to the existing ones (Holland, 2013). As such, this strategy could have helped the company manage the products that it had added on its production chain. On the other side, the incorporation of element so the corporate brand strategy within the blend brand strategies ensures that companies can manage to unify their services and products under single gigantic brand. The blend brand strategy is often significant in situations in which firms have well-established reputations. The reputation of a company often takes into consideration all the services and products that are offered by the company (Grebosz, 2013). Taking into consideration the fact that Lego has already established its brand reputations, this strategy can enable the company witness enormous gains in the global market. Therefore, the blend brand approach happens to be the significant alternative brand strategy approach that Lego can employ in witnessing success in the international market.

Marketing happens to be a great concept among organizations that focus on accomplishing success in the market. The aspect of leveraging marketing approach across various markets seems to be extremely beneficial to many firms (Evers et al, 2012). Such an undertaking helps in saving resources, and ensures that a high level of consistency exists between all activities of an organization and in-market branding. However, the question concerning the effectiveness of global marketing is a matter that always presents problems to many organizations or marketers. This topic has been noted to be a frequent conversation among marketers across the globe. As a result, the concept of internationally-led marketing resources can be exposed to skepticism. Marketing departments in big companies often tend to adopt similar mechanisms when developing their global marketing approaches. In some situations central teams are established to oversee territories. In some occasions, such teams are fragmented into local or regional components that focus on their target markets. Marketers should realize that global marketing is effective as it helps in driving economies of scale and synergies, while preserving cultural considerations and local needs. One of the main factors that has been noted to be effective in the establishment of successful global marketing strategies is the incorporation of the element of balance within such approaches. In relation to this, my international marketing strategy will take into consideration five components or elements.

First, this market strategy will focus on the clarification of the products or services that are driven internationally alongside the clarification of services and products that driven locally. An international marketing strategy does not imply the absence of market-specific initiative and plans that are local. In the real sense, such plans and initiatives should be complementary. International marketing serves to establish parameters and framework within which the operations of local marketing can be executed. In relation to this, my international marketing strategy will focus on global or central levels in areas of brand guideline, branding, budgeting and strategic marketing planning among others. In addition, this marketing approach will focus on areas such as social media strategy, social media guidelines, global PR (Public Relations) and large-scale marketing (Hultman, 2011). Other areas that will be managed locally include tactical campaigns, outreach initiatives, PR initiatives and social media channels, local events and partnerships. Markets should have control over the locally-based channels that help in driving their success. One method that will be employed in accomplishing this task is dividing the global market into tiers. In relation to this, a tiered market will help in the identification of territories, which can help in driving high potential gains. Besides, such an undertaking allows top-tier markets to have access to bigger budgets, thereby granting them autonomy. For instance, a company can employ this approach in researching into the behaviors of local users so that the aspect of product development can be addressed. It is vital to note that the local and global areas of ownership can be different from one organization to the other. As such, defining these areas is significant in ensuring that firms avoid inefficiencies and friction.

Second, this international marketing approach will focus on comprehending the needs of the local market and establish a collaborative approach. Studies have shown that global teams should focus on comprehending local markets and develop close associations with local marketing teams for a global framework to be successful (Schilke et al., 2009). In relation to this, the globally defined plans and initiatives employed in this global marketing approach will incorporate a degree of flexibility to address various cultural differences in the market (Kaufmann & Roesch, 2012). Some of the mechanisms that will be employed in accomplishing this goal will be social media competitions, community meet-up and treasure hunt-based campaigns. Moreover, celebrity campaigns will also be used in markets where certain people are considered celebrities.

This global marketing approach will then focus on thorough planning with the aim of managing campaigns. At this stage, several aspects will be taken into consideration. A campaign manager will be appointed to be in charge of coordination and communication around the campaign. The aspect of cross-misunderstanding will be avoided by ensuring that the campaign team members are aware of the accountabilities of the campaign manager (Morgan et al., 2012). Thorough planning will then follow in which the aspects of responsibilities, deadlines and deliverables will be made clear to all persons involved. Consequently, expectations, deliverables and plans will be communicated to all members involved across various channels

Careful tracking and adjustment will then be made. Campaign managers will be required to be disciplined about the tracking of results. One of the aspects that will be taken into consideration at this stage is definition of key goals and metrics at the beginning of campaign at market and global markets (Stachowski, 2012). Besides, buy-in will be obtained from in-market teams followed by the maintenance of a centralized share template for updating market metrics on a daily basis. Lastly, the metrics will be reviewed on a weekly basis by video calls or phone calls followed by the adoption of the necessary actions (Leonidou, 2013). In addition, this stage will provide a suitable platform on which the best practices across the market can be leveraged. During this stage, discussions will be made vibrant and active enabling all local teams to contribute their views, which will be significant in addressing the issue of under-performance.

The sixth element of this global marketing strategy will involves consolidating and sharing of insights. Once the campaigns will be terminated, all the insights gained from them will be consolidated followed by the organization of debrief (Kumar et al., 2013).  Here, the team members will be involved in the discussion of issues that worked and those that did not. Furthermore, the team members will be involved in the sharing and reviewing of results. This step will be vital in ensuring that adequate plans are developed for future campaigns.

The last aspect of this global marketing strategy will involve over-communication. Effective communication has been noted to be effective in all situations apart from campaigns. Being an international marketing role, implies that the marketer will be operating with colleagues around the world (Tan, 2013). Most of these individuals will be sitting several miles away. In such situations, marketers can develop a feeling of disconnection from their colleagues. Consequently, the disconnection between the marketer and other colleagues can lead to the disconnection of the plans, activities and strategies that are employed in campaigns. In relation to this, my global marketing strategy will involve the use of open communication channel in nurturing relationships among campaign team members and developing trust. Regular calls will be employed in updating team members on the events of the campaign, latest global plans and changes (Gabrielsson, 2012). Besides, the team members will be updated on the latest advancements in the international markets. Open communication channels will also be employed in the discussion of novel campaign ideas. Creation of a cohesive team in a campaign is vital in ensuring the success of the marketing process.

Reference List

Evers et al., (2012). “Stakeholders and Marketing Capabilities in International New Ventures: Evidence from Ireland, Sweden and Denmark.” Journal of International Marketing, 20(4), pp. 46-71.

Gabrielsson, P., (2012). “Marketing Strategies for Foreign Expansion of Companies Originating in Small and Open Economies: The Consequences of Strategic Fit and Performance,” Journal of International Marketing, 20(2), pp. 25-48.

Grebosz, M., (2013). “International Expansion of Brands by Realization of Co-Branding Strategy,” Journal of Economics and Management, 14(2), pp. 77-87.

Holland, J., (2013). “Aligning A Company’s People Strategy and Brand Strategy,” Journal of Brand Strategy, 3(2), pp. 245-258.

Hultman, M., (2011). “Export Promotion Strategy and Performance: The Role of International Experience,” Journal of International Marketing, 19(4), pp. 17-39.

Kaufmann, L & Roesch, J., (2012). “Constraints to Building and Deploying Market Capabilities By Emerging Market Firms in Advanced Markets,” Journal of International Marketing, 204), pp. 1-24.

Kumar, V et al., (2013). “Established Profitable Customer Loyalty for Multinational Companies in the Emerging Economies: A Conceptual Framework,” Journal of International Marketing, 21(1), pp. 57-80.

Leonidou, C., (2013). “Antecedents and Consequences of Eco-Friendly Export Marketing Strategy: The Moderating Role of Foreign Public Concern and Competitive Intensity,” Journal of International Marketing, 21(3), pp. 22-46.

Morgan, N et al., (2012). “Export Marketing Strategy Implementation, Export Marketing Capabilities and Export Venture Performance,” Journal of Academy Marketing Science, 40(2), pp. 271-289.

Naidoo, V & Wu, T., (2011. “Marketing Strategy Implementation in Higher Education: A Mixed Approach for Model Development and Testing,” Journal of Marketing Management, 27(11/12), pp. 1117-1141.

Robertson, A., (2013). “The Influence of Employer Branding on Productivity-Related Outcomes of An Organization,” Journal of Brand Management, 10(3), pp. 17-32.

Rubera, G., (2013). “Technology Versus Design Innovation’s Effects on Sales and Tobin’s Q: The Moderating Role of Branding Strategy,” Journal of Product Innovation Management, 30(3), pp. 448-464.

Schilke, O et al., (2009). “When Does International Marketing Standardization Matter to Firm Performance?” Journal of International Marketing, 17(4), pp. 24-46.

Stachowski, A., (2012). “The Niche Marketing Strategy in Internationally-Oriented Small and Medium Enterprises: A Literature Review and Lessons for New Zealand,” Small Enterprise Research, 19(2), pp. 96-112.

Tan, Q., (2013). “International Marketing Standardization,” Management International Review (MIR), 53(5), pp. 711-739.

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Ford Case Study Paper Assignment

Ford Case Study
Ford Case Study

Ford Case Study

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New UK car sales in September hit their highest monthly total for five and a half years as the latest 63-plate attracted buyers. The Society for Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) said 403,136 new cars were registered in the UK, a rise of 12.1% on the same month in .
The SMMT said the growth also reflected the fact buyers were returning to the market after a period of holding off. Buyers typically tend to replace new cars after three years, but because of economic conditions in recent years may have left that longer. It is three years since the ending of the vehicle scrappage scheme, which gave people incentives to trade in their old cars. Cars bought under that scheme would now be around three years old.
Another factor boosting sales was the type of financing deals available, which can lump together payments with servicing and even vehicle excise duty. Richard Lowe, an analyst at Barclays, said: “Attractive finance packages are offering consumers more clarity on running costs, which even with a more promising economic outlook is an important factor for those on a budget.”
Ford’s Fiesta remains the UK’s top selling car, with 20,600 sold in September. Vauxhall’s Corsa was in second place with 14,500 vehicles sold. Car sales have now risen for 19 months in a row. The SMMT’s chief executive, Mike Hawes, said: “The UK market is reflecting growing economic confidence. Robust private demand has played a major role in this growth, with customers attracted by exciting, increasingly fuel-efficient new models which offer savings in the cost of ownership.” But he added
that the UK car market was likely to remain strong.
“As we head into the quieter months, I suspect we’ll see sales hold firm, keeping the UK market zooming ahead of our European counterparts,”. The UK car market is the second biggest in Europe after Germany. So far this year, UK buyers have bought 1.79 million new cars, compared with Germany’s 2.22 million. The gap between the two has shrunk 6% since this time last year.
Meanwhile, a package of measures aimed at bringing down motoring costs, including insurance premiums, has been announced by the government. It was reported that there are plans to pilot fuel price comparison signs on major roads and freeze the cost of the MoT test. The statutory maximum price of the MoT test for a car will be pegged at £54.85 until 2015.
The inflated cost of fuel on major roads is among the most common complaints among drivers. In some areas petrol and diesel can cost 10p per litre more at motorway service stations. The government wants to install a series of price comparison signs which will show the cost of fuel at all petrol stations along any given route.
Ministers are also promising to save motorists money by tackling what they call the compensation culture.

Section A Questions
In total there are 50 marks available for this question. The marks for each question are given at the end. It is important to answer as fully as possible. Marks will
also be awarded for clarity and for the use of correctly labelled diagrams where appropriate.
1. Using appropriate diagrams, explain why car sales in Britain have increased in recent times. (8 marks)
2. Describe how the vehicle scrappage scheme influenced the market equilibrium for older cars. Justify and explain your answer using appropriate diagrams where necessary. (10 marks)
3. What factors are likely to influence the price elasticity of Ford’s Fiesta car? (12 marks)
4. Outline the package of measures mentioned in the article designed to bring down costs and stimulate demand. (8 marks)
5. Explain the likely effect upon price competition of installing fuel price comparison signs on major roads. Make reference to the market structure of petrol stations within your answer. (12 marks)

Section B
According to a policymaker at the Bank of England, interest rates are on course to rise next spring and could be raised sooner if there are signs that falling
unemployment is causing inflationary pressure. Martin Weale, an external member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) said the Bank could raise rates before next May’s General Election.
Mark Carney, Governor of the Bank of England, has however stressed that the MPC is in no rush to raise interest rates and that any increases would be gradual. The Bank ended the direct link between the rate of unemployment and interest rates when it targeted other measures such as wage growth and business investment instead.
The Bank is betting on an increase in productivity as involuntary part-time workers take on more hours, keeping inflation close to the Bank’s 2% target. It predicts spare capacity in the economy will be absorbed gradually, paving the way for stronger wage growth.
Some surveys suggest that firms are already running close to capacity. This means increased demand will put pressure on input costs, including wages. Workers will then use higher incomes to buy more goods and services, further pushing up prices and wages.
MrWeale said average earnings could rise more quickly than expected in the coming months. ‘We certainly expect wage growth to pick up during the course of this year.

If it picks up by more than we expect and there isn’t an offsetting improvement in productivity then the case for an earlier rate rise will certainly be there,’ he
said.

Fathom Consulting, an economic consultancy firm run by former Bank of England economists, has warned of the risk of a “wage price spiral” in Britain although this view is not shared by all. Some economists such as Dame DeAnne Julius, have said that Britain’s competitive, flexible and open economy mean this risk is low.

The Bank of England believes that the UK is running between 1% and 1.5% below its potential and any increase in employment would have little effect on inflation.

David Miles, another external MPC member, also reminded borrowers this week that they should start thinking about the impact of a rate rise on their personal finances.

“It is important that there is a clear recognition by borrowers and lenders that interest rates will not remain at this level for many years to come,” he said. “They need to think very carefully about what’s going to happen when the cost of that mortgage moves up.”
Mr Weale, who has been described as a monetary policy “hawk”, joined Spencer Dale and former MPC member Andrew Sentance in voting for a small rate rise in 2011 to tackle high inflation.

Section B Questions
In total there are 50 marks available for this question. The marks for each question are given at the end. It is important to answer as fully as possible. Marks will
also be awarded for clarity and for the use of correctly labelled diagrams where appropriate.
1. According to the article, the Bank of England is expecting the UK rate of interest to increase next year. Explain why this is likely to happen. (8 marks)
2. Using appropriate diagrams, outline the likely impact of an increase in interest rates upon the economy. (10 marks)
3. Explain what is meant by the term ‘wage-price spiral?(8 marks)
4. Why would inflation be low in a ‘competitive, flexible and open economy’? (12 marks)
5. Suppose that you are working as an economist at the Bank of England. Outline the policies you would recommend to the UK government to overcome the economic problems outlined in the article?(12 marks)

(I just need short answers for each question and do diagrams if required) PLEASE

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

  1. The increase of 12.5% in average monthly motor vehicle sales in the last five years UK is largely attributed to the hard economic times that kept the UK consumers from the car market. The good financing deals available and also the optimistic economic prospects in the UK looked promising. The economy of a country improves only when the disposable income of its citizens also improves. The average household in an economy accounts for almost thirty per cent of the total aggregate demand for all goods and services in an economy. The relationship between disposable income and consumer spending is positive. The consumption function gradient in these cases is positive and it’s known as the marginal propensity to consume. As the citizen’s income increases so does their consumer demand which results in more purchases of vehicles in these case. In these case the marginal propensity to consume has increased has resulted in more consumption of vehicles at each level. This is in accordance to Keynesian theory. The other factors like the stoppage of the scrappage scheme and the good finance deals are just but incentives to boost spending in order to increase the circulation of funds in the economy.

The Consumption and Saving Function

Consumer spending/saving                Income/saving                        C= a+ cYd

S = -a +s Yd

a

-a                                                                                             Disposable income (Yd)

  1. In the short run, there will be an outward shift in aggregate demand for older vehicles as the demand for older vehicles will increase due to the scrappage scheme incentive but in the long run the aggregate demand for older vehicles will shift inwards as people begin to feel the effects of the promising economy and the good finance deals and discard the old vehicles while their prices will also drop to P2

Price P                                                                                          AS1

P1

P2                                                                                 AD1

Y2     Y1        AD2                         Real National Income

  1. The price elasticity of ford will be influenced by the removal of the scrappage scheme, the UK citizen’s preference for exported products and the price of the vehicle. Its fuel efficiencies and durability will also affect its elasticities.
  2. The subsidy granted by the UK government under the scrappage scheme is intended to stimulate the demand for new vehicles together with the affordable financial deals that have been provided by the government. The insurance premiums, freezing the costs of Mot tests and the affordable fuel sign projects are the measures taken by the government to bring down motoring costs and stimulate demand.
  3. The eventual results of reduced fuel price signs would be that the Petrol stations that charge higher prices will lose their clients and in the long-run the prices of fuel will come down due to the natural laws of demand and supply. The demand for the affordable fuel will increase and the rest of the fuel stations will also reduce their prices.

Part B

  1. In the long run, due to the increase spending by the UK citizens, the aggregate demand increases and the economy grows towards full employment of all the factors of production. Most firms will increase their prices in order to increase profits margins while the shortages of input factors will increase the firm’s costs of production. Inflationary gap will occur and the UK government will increase the interest rates to control the inflationary gap. (Blanchard, 2011)
  2. P2

P1                                                         AD2

AD1

National Output

The Interest rates would make goods and services more expensive and curb consumer demand from AD2 to AD1 hence the suppliers would also because of reduced price from P2 to P1 and they will supply less goods leading to reduced expenditure. (Sullivan, 2003)

  1. Wage price spiral occurs whenever the price raises leads to even higher wage demands by workers as they try to live and maintain their real and normal standards of living. The higher wages that are above the gains in the productivity of labor results in an increase in per unit cost of labor. In order for firms to maintain their normal profits they also increase their prices. The processes end in a cycle over again and the inflation ends up being out of control.
  2. The inflation would be low in the UK as a result of government interventions to maintain it that way. For example, between the years 1997 and 1998, the Bank of England increased the interest rates from an average of 6% to 7.5% these reduced the smaller inflationary gap’s trend that had started getting out of control.
  3. The policies that I would recommend would be the ones to control inflation as the excess demand for motor vehicles and other services increase due to improved economy, inflation would certainly occur in the long run. I would recommend the use of monetary policies such as the use of interest rates to reduce the level of the actual aggregate demand. Higher interest rates would reduce the aggregate demand in the following ways; a). They will discourage borrowing in house-holds and also by companies. b) Increase the general rate of saving as the opportunity cost to save has also increased and finally the general increment in mortgage interest rates of payments will also reduce the disposable effective real income of the homeowners which will reduce their ability to incur extra expenses or spend. Fiscal policies such as higher taxes and other policies like wage control and supply side policies will assist the government to control the economic problems in the UK.

References

Sullivan, S. S. (2003). Economics: Principles in action. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

Pearson, Prentice Hall.

Blanchard, O. (2011). Macroeconomics Updated (5th Ed.) Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.

https://www.research.stlouisfed.org/publications/iet/

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Discrimination of Maria Term Paper

Discrimination of Maria
Discrimination of Maria

Discrimination of Maria

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Please follow the rubrics…and also free of plagiarism, the program check all the time for that… Thanks

SAMPLE ANSWER

Table of Contents

Chosen Topic Scenario: Discrimination of Maria. 3

1.0      Introduction. 3

2.0      Why the selected topic was chosen. 3

3.0      Importance of the chosen topic to the study of cultural diversity. 4

4.0      Research Goals and Plans. 5

4.1      What I will be interested in learning. 5

4.2      What I expect to find. 6

5.0      How the research would be conducted. 7

5.1      Research Method: Mixed Research. 7

5.2      Data Collection. 7

5.3      Sampling of Participants. 8

6.0      Conclusion. 8

7.0      References. 10

Chosen Topic Scenario: Discrimination of Maria

1.0 Introduction

For this research study, the chosen topic scenario is the one about a company’s promotion policy in which a female employee of Latino ancestry named Maria has filed a complaint claiming that she was eliminated in an unfair fashion in consideration for a promotion owing to her distinctive accent. This proposal provides a discussion of the chosen topic scenario and the reason as to why the topic was chosen. A discussion of how the topic is important to the study of cultural diversity is also provided. Moreover, this proposal provides a description of what I expect to find and what I would be interested in learning. Lastly, a detailed description of how I plan to go about this research study is provided.

2.0      Why the selected topic was chosen

Discrimination is essentially a prejudicial treatment on a person owing to the group which this individual is a part of. Although several laws have been enacted in order to prevent discrimination at the place of work, a lot of individuals are still finding themselves discriminated each day (Wood, Braeken & Niven, 2013). The topic scenario was chosen primarily because I am interested in gaining a deeper understanding of workplace discrimination and how this issue can be prevented. I intend to alter the perception of people toward ethnicity, gender and race in order to help individuals avoid judgmental comments and/or actions that can compromise us as a member of the society. Getting rid of discrimination is of major importance owing to not only the negative consequences in job performance, but also the well being of the members of a group.

The chosen topic reflects what is happening today in many places of work. It depicts how discrimination still persists in corporate America notwithstanding the great efforts that have been made in the United States to end discrimination at the workplace, as well as the presence of The Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Gedeon (2013) noted that racial discrimination is a fact of life for minority employees and denial of access to opportunities for instance training keep on affecting the non-dominant groups thereby affecting their professional development and also psychological aspects. In the workplace, people encounter not just racial discrimination, but they also encounter discrimination basing on gender, age, religion, nationality, sexual orientation as well as ethnicity. It is of great importance to discuss about the discrimination that exists with non-dominant groups and how discrimination affects not just the employee, but also the employer. According to the International Labor Organization (2014), ethnic minority ladies usually encounter double discrimination within the place of work on account of their gender and their race. A lot of these minority women fail at the application stage just due to their names.

In the United States today, compared to Caucasians, Latinos and Blacks have a less chance of scoring job interviews and job offers. Ladies in the place of work are undervalued and receive less amount of salary compared to male staffs for the same work. Since minority ladies are at a double disadvantage, they are more watchful of discrimination compared to minority men. Consequently, more minority women are likely to view negative treatment as a product of discrimination (Gedeon, 2013).

3.0 Importance of the chosen topic to the study of cultural diversity

The chosen topic is important to the study of cultural diversity in that it will help me to gain an understanding on how embracing cultural diversity within the place of work can actually prevent discrimination. Amadeo (2010) pointed out that cultural diversity is basically when differences in sexual orientation, language, religion, ethnicity, nationality and race are represented in a community. A place of work is considered to be culturally diverse if the workers therein include people from dissimilar groups. Supporting cultural diversity in the place of work is important in the prevention of race-based discrimination. It is of note that addressing cultural diversity in every personnel education and development programs would substantially enhance the skills of the company in the area of cultural awareness. This will benefit the organization’s customers and clients who are from backgrounds that are both culturally and linguistically diverse. Equally important, it would contribute to a non-discriminatory place of work (Choi, Kleiner & Kleiner, 2011).

Embracing cultural diversity in the place of work and fostering an inclusive and fair workplace culture is positive for the company and its staffs. In addition, it is an effectual way of avoiding discrimination and illicit behavior in the place of work. Court cases are costly, and besides the immediate fiscal costs, lawsuits actually reduce the morale, well-being and productivity of workers. In addition, they create brand and reputational damage. Therefore, it is imperative that employees and employers are very much aware of the legal parameters as regards discrimination in the place of work (Stallworth, McPherson & Rute, 2001). Proactive strategies should be utilized in avoiding workplace discrimination.

4.0 Research Goals and Plans

4.1 What I will be interested in learning

What I am interested in learning during this research include the following. First is the prevalence of discrimination in the workplace. I am interested in learning about gender, race, age, sexual orientation and ethnic discrimination that occurs at the workplace; the prevalence of discrimination in terms of socio-demographic, cultural variables and other criteria; instances of workplace discrimination actions; and statistics that demonstrate high prevalence of discrimination in relation to gender, race, and ethnicity. Secondly, I am interested in learning about the various causes of workplace discrimination. I will seek to understand the different situations which could actually result in discrimination. Moreover, I am interested in learning the consequences of workplace discrimination, particularly how employees who face this kind of discrimination are affected emotionally. Finally yet importantly, I am interested to learn about the solutions to workplace discrimination and how this issue can be prevented by not only staff members, but also employers.

4.2 What I expect to find

I am expecting to find that there are several causes of workplace discrimination in the place of work. Some of them include the following: being ignorant of the law; economic factors; failure to recognize personal conflict; inadequately trained employees; lack of professionalism and ethical behavior; sex specific inequalities; and prejudice. As regards the consequences of workplace discrimination, I expect to find that this type of discrimination actually impacts on the job satisfaction and well-being of workers; has an impact on the organization’s overall productivity and financial bottom line; and has an impact on the employer as well. It is of note that discrimination at the place of work could destroy the morale of workers and it has to be addressed owing to the negative impact that it has on minority groups (Stallworth, McPherson & Rute, 2001).                               Regarding the solutions to workplace discrimination, what I expect to find is that this issue could be prevented in a business organization by establishing a more supportive workplace environment. It can also be prevented through policy interventions surrounding conflict and equality, as well as employees’ well-being. I also to expect to find that employers can prevent workplace discrimination in their organizations simply by developing and maintaining workplace culture that does not tolerate discriminatory practices in the organization.

5.0 How the research would be conducted

5.1 Research Method: Mixed Research

This will be a mixed research in which quantitative and qualitative research techniques will both be used. It is of note that the main goal of mixed research techniques is basically to tackle a particular research question from any pertinent angle. A mixed research method is a technique for carrying out research where the investigator collects, analyzes and integrates qualitative research such as interviews, and quantitative research such as questionnaires (Spratt, 2009). Mixed research method will be used in this research since it will allow me to obtain a contextualized and in-depth insight regarding workplace discrimination, whilst counterbalancing the shortcomings inherent to the use of each methodology by itself.

5.2 Data Collection

Secondary Data: Secondary data is essentially data gathered by a different person for some purpose, and is being utilized by the researcher for a different purpose (Sindhu, 2012). For this research study, secondary data will be obtained from scholarly peer-reviewed journals, websites, government publications and government records, magazines as well as books on the subject matter, which is workplace discrimination. Primary Data: this is the data gathered through the use of experiments, interviews, questionnaires and observations. It is the data which the researcher gathers by herself/himself for a given purpose (Sindhu, 2012). For this research, primary data would be collected through the use of qualitative interviews and quantitative questionnaires. The interview will be largely unstructured and will contained open-ended questions. Conversely, the questionnaire would be structured and it will comprise closed-ended questions.

5.3         Sampling of Participants

A total of 67 subjects will take part in this research, hence the sample size is 67. Participants would be selected through purposive simple random sampling. This sample selection method is one in which every person in the population has equal chance of being picked to participate in the research. The subjects would be managers and staff members in several companies. Some will be presented with the questionnaires to fill out while others would be interviewed in order to get an in depth insight of the subject matter. In data analysis, qualitative data would be analyzed by organizing the collected data into themes. Quantitative data would be analyzed through the use of tables and graphs for easy interpretation of the findings.

6.0 Conclusion

In conclusion, the chosen topic scenario that would be investigated in this research project is the second scenario in which a female Latino employee claims to have been discriminated upon due to her distinctive accent. This topic scenario was chosen because it will help me to gain a deeper understanding of discrimination in the workplace and the solution to it. Workplace discrimination is major issue that many employees face everyday in their places of work, and is primarily faced by people of color. My goal and opinions are projected to change an individual’s perception towards race, gender, and ethnicity and hopefully this will help us not only at work but also as individuals to avoid judgmental comments or actions that can compromise us as a member of this society. Eradicating discrimination is significant because of the negative consequences in job performance, but more importantly, the well-being of the people who are from a given group. The source of discrimination must be tackled directly to ensure that discrimination does not occur.

7.0 References

Choi, V., Kleiner, K., & Kleiner, B. (2011). New Developments Concerning Age Discrimination In The Workplace.Franklin Business & Law Journal, (1), 63-71.

Gedeon, K. (2013). Minorities and Racial Discrimination in the Workplace: Are We Exaggerating? Available at http://madamenoire.com/279178/minorities-and-racial-discrimination-in-the-workplace-are-we-exaggerating/ (Accessed August 21, 2014).

International Labor Organization. (2014). The Sex and Race Workplace Double Whammy. Available at http://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/features/WCMS_203525/lang–en/index.htm (Accessed August 21, 2014).

Sindhu, A. (2012). Research Methodology. Boca Raton, FL: Springer Publishers.

Spratt, C. (2009). Mixed Research Methods. Cleveland, OH: CRC Press.

Stallworth, L. E., McPherson, T., & Rute, L. (2001). Discrimination in the Workplace: How Mediation Can Help. Dispute Resolution Journal, 56(1), 35-87.

Wood, S., Braeken, J., & Niven, K. (2013). Discrimination and Well-Being in Organizations:     Testing the Differential Power and Organizational Justice Theories of Workplace Aggression. Journal Of Business Ethics, 115(3), 617.doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1404-5

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Nursing Reflection Paper Assignment

Nursing Reflection Paper
Nursing Reflection Paper

Nursing Reflection Paper

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In a reflection of 450-600 words, explain how you see yourself fitting into the following IOM Future of Nursing recommendations:

Recommendation 4: Increase the proportion of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80% by 2020.
Recommendation 5: Double the number of nurses with a doctorate by 2020.
Recommendation 6: Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning.
Identify your options in the job market based on your educational level.

How will increasing your level of education affect how you compete in the current job market?
How will increasing your level of education affect your role in the future of nursing?
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Nursing Reflection Paper

Nursing is one of the fields that experience continuous changes as new strains of disease crop up as well as development of new technologies. Nurses, therefore, have the obligation to remain steadfast by equipping themselves with more skills and knowledge to render high quality healthcare. To manage the changes, Institute of Medicine (IOM) has been in the forefront in formulating appropriate strategies as well as recommendations (Institute of Medicine, 2013). In this reflection paper, the author expounds on the personal strategies to meet the IOM recommendations, and also deliberates on job markets based on different educational qualifications.

In line with the IOM recommendations, nurses will render quality healthcare to their patients. IOM has recommended increase in the proportion of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80% by 2020, double the number of nurses with a doctorate degree by 2020, and ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning (Initiative on the Future of Nursing, 2014). I am optimistic that the recommendations are essential and by 2020, I will be well equipped and ready to execute the duties as a nurse.

As per now, I already have acquired a baccalaureate degree and I am on the process of enrolling for a doctorate degree. Increase in the number of nurses with a baccalaureate degree is a good start and an indication of the commitment of the institute and the government to equip nurses with more skills. This increase is an indication of commitment to render quality healthcare services. Increasing the number of nurses with doctorate degree by 2020 is a positive initiative to the healthcare too. I do believe that I will be among the nurses with doctorate degrees to help impact positively on the society. I do hold the view that nurses need to engage in lifelong learning. This is the only avenue that will make them knowledgeable and competent to deal with the ever-changing issues in health care. Even as a student and an employee for a number of years, I have always welcomed new ideas and concepts. I have gained more skills working and sharing with other people on health issues.  I have attended committees and seminars on health care, which have helped to expand my scope of thinking and knowledge. Furthermore, through exchange programs, I have as well gained more skills and experience. I also embrace research and for many years, I have participated in various researches and will continue to carry out more to gain more insights on diseases and on healthcare as a whole. I, therefore, welcome the recommendations. They are not a surprise to me because they rhyme with my vision and objectives.

Acquiring more skills has become essential as the demand of competent nurses increase.  Having higher education level, it means that one will have many chances to work in different job levels. In line with my educational qualification, I can work as a registered nurse in any healthcare setting. Increasing my level of education will allow me to have an upper hand in the current job markets.  Having the skills or expertise required in the market will definitely make me valuable, as every employer will be in need of such skills as mine.

My role in future as a nurse with increased level of education will impact on my nursing roles extensively. The nursing field keeps on changing, hence, gaining more skills and knowledge gives me an opportunity to manage various health problems in nursing (Muehlbauer, 2012).  Technology is very essential in healthcare and with high skill, rendering quality care is guaranteed (Institute of Medicine, 2013).

I am well equipped and my vision rhymes with IOM recommendations.  My desire is to see every citizen receives quality healthcare regardless of demographic factors. I am still learning and believe that as I do acquire more skills, I will impact positively on the heath of the members of society. I do believe that nothing is impossible with passion and dedication.

References

Initiative on the Future of Nursing. (2014). IOM Recommendations. Retrieved from:             http://thefutureofnursing.org/recommendations

Institute of Medicine. (2013). The future of nursing leading change, advancing health: Report             recommendations. Retrieved from:    http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/The-Future-of-Nursing/Future%20of%20Nursing%202010%20Recommendations.pdf

Muehlbauer, P. (2012). The future of nursing. ONS Connect, 27(12): 12-15.

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Employee Relations Essay Paper Available

Employee Relations
Employee Relations

How mission,vision,values and culture of the organisational influence employee relations

Order Instructions:

• Describe how the mission, vision, values, and culture of the organization influence employee relations (the organization that I have used has been Houston Methodist – website https://www.houstonmethodist.org).
• Analyze human resources practices that promote positive employee relations and legal compliance.
• Describe how you will apply the human resources practices you selected.
• Describe how these practices will promote human resources as a strategic employee relations partner versus the enforcer.
• Include a reference page, and format your references using APA (6th edition) guidelines.
• The paper should be 6 pages long.

SAMPLE ANSWER

 Employee Relations

The mission, vision, values and organizational culture of any organization have three critical roles. These roles are communicating the organization’s purpose to all the stakeholders, informing the developmental strategy for the organization, the development of measurable goals and objectives for ensuring the success of the organization’s strategy, and promoting positive interactions and conduct of the organization’s employees within and outside the organization (Tyson, 2012). These, therefore, influence the way employees and other stakeholders interact for the success of the organization.

Houston Methodist is a faith based Christian institution and, therefore, its mission; vision, values, and organization’s culture are based on Christian values. Therefore, employees interact with each other in a humane manner and treat each other with integrity, compassion, and respect as per the organization’s values. The employees perceive each other as equals and treat each other as having a sacred worth and value as they are all created by God.

Practices Promoting Positive Employee Relations and Legal Compliance

For any organization, Human Resource is among the most vital assets and a source for achieving competitive advantage. Management of human resources is challenging in comparison to the management of technology or capital. Therefore, effective management of any organization requires and effective Human Resource Management (HRM) system (Tiwari & Saxena, 2012). A good HRM system should have sound HRM practices. These are the organizational activities that are directed towards the management of the pool of human resources and ensuring such resources are employed to fulfill the goals of the organization (Tiwari & Saxena, 2012).

Researchers on HRM best practices have identified different practices using different names. These are for example, “best practice”, “high-performance”, “formal”, “sophisticated”, or “professional. However, per Pfeffer (1998), the most appropriate term to be used is “Best HRM Practices.” Best practices theories and theorists suggest that certain practices separately or in combination are universally associated with positive employee relationships, employees’ legal compliance, and improved organizational performance. Per Redman & Matthews (1998) these practices include careful recruitment and selection practices, team work and development of a job design that is flexible such as the encouraging cohesiveness, employee appraisal and training and learning including (Tiwari & Saxena, 2012).

Application of the Human Resources Practices

As indicated above, HRM is a planned approach used for managing people effectively to promote organizational performance. The aim is to establish a management style that is open, flexible and caring. This is with the aim of ensuring staff motivation, development and management in a manner that ensures they provide their support to the organization’s mission. Good HRM practices are essential in promoting the achievement of the organization’s objectives. However, they are also key in ensuring positive relationships between employees and legal compliance.

To promote these two aspects that are positive employee relationships and legal compliance I will ensure the recruitment and selection approaches used by the company are strict and places great emphasis on the people skills of the individual. Apart from the professional tests and activities, I will provide tests and activities during recruitment and selection to determine the social skills of the individuals and only those individuals that achieve a certain level of competency will be selected. On the other hand, to ensure legal compliance, I will review all the certificates and any testimonials provided by the client for their validity. In addition, I will ensure that the selection and recruitment process is in line with the legal requirements of the industry and the country.

Moreover, to promote employee relationships I will ensure teamwork and development of a job design that is flexible as a best practice in the following ways. First I will ensure that the lines of communication are open and clear among all the employees. I will also indicate that criticisms should be expected and appreciated and that in case of a conflict I will set up a conflict resolution team from within the employees to come up with an amicable solution. Second, I will ensure clarity by ensuring each employee understands his/her roles in the organization.  Finally, I will develop job designs that are flexible and where different employees can a certain task to ensure development of trust in each other’s abilities and promote cohesiveness.

In regards to training and development, legal compliance will be attained by ensuring that the employees are provided with continuous training that will be statutory. This will be geared towards ensuring the organization complies with the regulations of the statutory body governing it and ensure employees are qualified according to the law. In addition, I will ensure all the employees undergo compliance training as per the organization’s policy requirements. This will ensure that the employees are conversant with all the company policies that will ensure that all the policies and laws are followed, and the organization meets its internal and external standards including those that arise from legislation. In addition, refresher training will also be provided in situations of need and especially for employees who have worked for the organization for a long period and also provide local level statutory or compliance training that are specific to a certain area of the organization. I will also provide diversity and inclusion training programs that will improve the organization’s culture and promote positive relationships. I will also develop and ensure the constant updating of an employee handbook which will contain all the organization’s legally mandated policies and the practices expected in the organization.

Finally, in regards to employee appraisal I will develop employee appraisal tools that will gauge provide feedback on the interpersonal skills of the individual. The tool will include items that will provide feedback on the people skills of different employees and identify the areas of weakness  the employee then training will be provided to improve on the areas hence promote overall employee relations within the company.

Promoting HR as a Strategic Employee Relations Partner vs. the Enforcer

In the last 15 years, organizations have adopted the concept of Business Partner and have done experiments on various Business Partner roles with simultaneous strategies and structures to handle all the functions of the HR. The main goal has been to manage all the tactical areas of HR that include administrative such as legal defense and compliance, employee relations such as policies, and daily operational management tasks relation to employment, benefits, and payroll. The idea here is that the effective management of these roles provides enough time and resources for the Business Partner to handle issues regarding human capital (human resources) that strategically impact the business (Rothwell & Budscooter, 2012).

Human Resource Management understands and supports how employees do their work. Another equally important role is understanding the environment where such work is done and its contribution to the success of the business. These roles are inter-related and interdependent. The HR has four basic roles that are compliance and enforcement (enforcer), management advocacy, strategic partner, and employee advocacy (Singh & Kumar, 2011). Employee relations is the relationship between the employer and or the representative manager and the employees that is aimed at building and maintaining commitment, morale and trust in order to create a productive and secure environment for working (Singh & Kumar, 2011).

Critical to the functioning of the HR as a strategic partner is its role in the strategic process. Therefore, as a partner it must take its role in formulation and implementation of strategies that promote positive employee relationships. The HR has taken the strategic role of managing initiatives of change via communication and workshops that build organization culture and development of relationships is today considered as the means of culture development (Fulmer & Genson, 2006). Therefore, through recruitment and training the HR will select and recruit employees with the relevant values, abilities, and talents that will promote employee relations. Using the training programs the HR can instill the relevant values and develop the relevant abilities within the existing employees to grow and develop their interpersonal skills (Singh & Kumar, 2011). The performance appraisal will define the management expectations and standards that will enable employees to strategize and plan on how to achieve the employee’s expectations. Moreover, through teamwork and an open job design open communication channels will be opened and systems that ensure the information requirements of employees are met (Singh & Kumar, 2011).

As an enforcer, on the other hand, the Human Resource practitioners agree that the role as a compliance enforcer is well established and understood. It is tremendously difficult to keep track of all the local and federal laws and to translate these into policies and practices. However, this is required to ensure that all the regulators do not interfere with the business’s operations (Clardy, 2014). In addition, there is the need to ensure that complaints and conflicts that arise from employees such as harassment, discrimination, and wrongful discharge are mitigated. These are all roles left for the Human Resource. In addition, the enforcement and development of internal or corporate policies as part of risk management is the role of the HR. The organization is required to uniformly dispense policies, practices and procedures a role that falls within the Human Resource department (Clardy, 2014).

The laws and regulations create a legal context where the HRM can be held liable by employees and other public regulatory bodies. Therefore, employers that violate these laws and regulations can be deemed guilty of violating the protections of the employees. Hence it is vital that the HR becomes aware of such laws and regulations and ensure compliance (Clardy, 2014). Therefore, the HR through the recruitment and selection procedures can ensure selection of individuals that are qualified to perform the tasks and certified according to the governing laws and regulations. Education and training can be provided to the employees on the company policies and other laws governing the organization to ensure compliance. Finally, the appraisals can provide vital information on the areas of need and that require improvement in order to mitigate risk and ensure compliance.

References

Clardy, A. B. (2014). Managing Human Resources: Exercises, Experiments, and   Applications. New York, NY, United States of America: Psychology Press.

Fulmer, R., & Genson, S. (2006). HR’s Strategic Partnership with Line Management.                    Graziadio Business Review, 9 (2).

Rothwell, & Budscooter (Eds.). (2012). The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management,        Volume III: Critical and Emerging Issues in Human Resource Management. San Francisco: United States of America: Pfieffer/Jossey-Bass.

Singh, P. N., & Kumar, N. (2011). Employee Relations Management. New Delhi, India: Pearson Education India.

Tiwari, P., & Saxena, K. (2012). Human Resource Managenment Practices: A Comprehensive Review. Pakistan Business Review, 699-705.

Tyson, S. (2012). Essentials of Human Resource Management. Burlington, MA: Routledge.

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Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care

Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care
Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care

Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

Order Instructions:

The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as defined by CCNE and AACN using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of direct and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, their specific care discipline and their local communities.

As the country focuses on the restructure of the U.S. health care delivery system, nurses will continue to play an important role. It is expected that more and more nursing jobs will become available out in the community, and less will be available in acute care hospitals.

Write an informal presentation (500-700 words) to educate nurses about how the practice of nursing is expected to grow and changes. Include the concepts of continuity or continuum of care, accountable care organizations (ACO), medical homes, and nurse-managed health clinics.
Share your presentation with nurse colleagues on your unit or department and ask them to offer their impressions of the anticipated changes to health care delivery and the new role of nurses in hospital settings, communities, clinics and medical homes.
In 800-1,000 words summarize the responses shared by three nurse colleagues and discuss whether their impressions are consistent with what you have researched about health reform.
A minimum of three scholarly references are required for this assignment.
While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models

Registered Nurses and BSN play a critical role in the delivery of healthcare to patients. Regardless of the role they play, they are as well faced with a myriad of challenges that require immediate address. The field of nursing is growing and changing every day and, therefore, nurses must be abreast with the new developments and changes to remain effective in their duty. The paper exemplifies on the shared impressions about anticipated changes to healthcare delivery and the new roles of nurses in communities, hospital, clinical, and medical homes settings. The paper further discuses whether these views are consistent with the findings pertaining to health reform.

The colleagues noted that the medical care in US has been marred with extremely high costs and poor quality as well as fragmented delivery. The high cost of accessing quality medication has hindered many people from receiving quality healthcare, and this has compromised healthcare. However, with the new reforms in the healthcare, nurses are optimistic of new changes. They have already begun experiencing positive outcomes in terms of delivery of services.  The new concepts of integrated healthcare delivery have been developed including, Accountable Care Organizations (ACOS) and patient centered medical homes that will to greater extent impact positively on the field of nursing. Accountable care organizations are partnerships between the healthcare providers and aim to coordinate and manage patient care. The aim of this program is to ensure that quality care is delivered at reduced cost to help control huge amount of Medicare spending.

The Accountable Care Organizations groups include hospitals, nursing homes, physical groups, and home health cares services. The alliances are created through contracts that create a circle of service agreements aimed at bringing patient care under one umbrella. This concept ensures that health care costs are low as services are provided at one single corporate structure hence, eliminates duplication of services.

The nurses also postulated that the new changes will ensure provision of better care to all the individuals. The six dimensions of quality including effectiveness, safety, patient centeredness, timeliness, efficiency, and equity are guaranteed (Longworth, 2013). With home based care, nurses are in a better position to provide quick and effective care to patients.   Healthcare is no longer going to be provided at the acute care centers, but the changes will see more people get better and quick healthcare in their homes. Citizens are also going to receive better services through education on the major causes of illnesses, health, poor nutrition, substance abuse, physical activity, and poverty among many others. This means that preventive measures are going to be embraced such as physical examination and vaccinations, including influenza and polio among others, thereby helping to improve the quality of life.

The nurses as well agreed that integrated delivery system models are very effective in cost savings and at the same time improving quality of care.  Through these changes and reforms, hosipital admissions will reduce and visits to emergency departments will as well come to a minimum, hence, saving costs.  The group health cooperative of Puget was able to reduce the total costs of health by $10 per member in every month and recorded 16% reduction in new hospital admissions as well as 29% reduction in emergency visits (Longworth, 2013). This statistics is a clear indication that indeed with the emergence of these new concepts in nursing, quality is guaranteed at a lower cost.

Indeed, the impression elicited by the nurse colleagues is consistent with the studies on health reforms.  Government and other stakeholders in the health sector have instituted  various changes in health to help enhance the quality of services.  The government through such policies such as Affordable Care Act aims at ensuring that all the members of the U.S can access quality health care at an affordable cost (Daemmrich, 2013). Through partnerships with insurance companies such as Medicare and Medicare, many citizens will get the opportunity to access to quality healthcare.

According to Longworth (2013), the concept of ACOs, which was spawned by Elliott Fisher in 2006 aimed at improving coordination of care within the Accountable Care Organizations (Longworth, 2013). It was also intended to reduce fragmented care, control the costs of accessibility to care, and improve the outcome. This resonates with the colleagues’ impression of the new reforms of ensuring that quality care is provided at an affordable cost. Nurses have the responsibility to ensure that they improve the quality of care of their patients. In doing so, they must at all times ensure that they adhere to the professional codes of ethics and legislations. Even as these reforms in healthcare are implemented, it will require that nurses undergo further training to equip themselves with more skills to help in management of different diseases. ACO’s will require increase in the number of nurses to render their services to the members of the communities (Kelly, 2011). They will as well be required to embrace technology and innovation to handle health problems in the society.

In conclusion, nurses must be always be updated on the new developments in health profession. They have a greater role to play in healthcare and must be able to address the new changes and challenges they face. They must adhere to ethical standards in their execution of duties and must at all times ensure that they promote positive healthcare. The new reforms in the healthcare such as integrated patient centered care and ACOs have become important and are revolutionizing this sector. Nurses must be ready to adapt to these changes in order to help transform and impact positively on the quality of healthcare among the members of the community.

References

Daemmrich, A. (2013).U.S. healthcare reform and the pharmaceutical market: Projections from             institutional history.  Pharmaceuticals Policy & Law, 15(3/4): 137-162.

Kelly, E. (2014). Patient care delivery and integration: Stimulating advancement of ambulatory    care pharmacy practice in an era of healthcare reform Am J Health Syst Pharm, 71(16):1357-1365

Longworth, D. (2013). Accountable care organizations, the patient-centered medical home, and   health care reform: What does it all mean? Retrieved from:        http://www.ccjm.org/content/78/9/571.long

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Trends in MIS Research Assignment Available

Trends in MIS
Trends in MIS

Trends in MIS

Order Instructions:

For this paper you will look through the resources section, then choose an article that you feel comfortable with read it and then respond to the two main questions , but you should not just limit to the two main questions asked , you show also show your understanding of the topic by elaborating on the two responses. Pay attention to proper grammar and also the use of 3rd person in this paper.

Trends in MIS
With the pace of technological innovation rapidly accelerating, thousands of potential new technologies are waiting to be developed. Organizations must be able to discern which of these are likely to flourish and have the greatest impact on their market space.

For this paper, you will read one article listed on the Resources below related to a topic that interests you, then research that topic further on your own and online. Based upon your research, answer the following questions:

• Identify several major trends in IT. What are the impacts of these trends on the organization and the consumer?

• Which emerging technology did you choose to investigate? In what ways do you expect this technology to alter or enhance business strategy and organization? Which types of businesses or commerce might it impact?

Resources to be use for the paper.

Articles

The following articles discuss various information technology applications and trends. For this week’s Discussion, you will choose the one topic that interests you most and read the article cited here that relates to that topic. See the Discussion area for further instructions.

Radio Frequency Identification
• Symonds, J. A., & Parry, D. (2008). Using RFID to track and trace high value products. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 10(1). Retrieved from ProQuest Central database.

This article examines the benefits of using RFID in tracking products.

Virtual Networking
• Kotlarsky, J., Oshri, I., & Willcocks, L. (2007) Social ties in globally distributed software teams: Beyond face to face meetings. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 10(7). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

This article discusses social/community software.
Digital Repositories
• King, M. A. (2008). The implementation of DSpace at the Intercontinental Hotels Group. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 10(2). Retrieved from ProQuest Central database.

This article is a case study of DSpace deployment.
Global IT Sourcing
• Rao, M. T., Poole, W., Raven, P. V., & Lockwood, D. L. (2006). Trends, implications and responses to global IT sourcing: A field study. Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 9(3). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

This article discusses global IT sourcing, its trends and problems.

Health Care
• Chaudhry, B.,Wang, J., Wu, S., Maglione, M., Mojica, W., Roth, E., Morton, S. C., & Shekelle, P. G. (2006). Systematic review: Impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Annals of Internal Medicine, 144(10). Retrieved from Academic Search Premier database.

This article discusses the impact of technology on medical care.
Human Resource Management
• Ngai, E. W. T., & Wat, F. K. T. (2006). Human resource information systems: A review and empirical analysis. Personnel Review, 35(3). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

An empirical look at the use of information systems in the human resource field.
Education
Sourin, A., Sourina, O., & Prasolova-Førland, E. (2006) Cyber-learning in cyber worlds. Journal of Cases in Information Technology, 8(4). Retrieved from ProQuest Central database.

This article takes up an analysis of trends in education, particularly the use of virtual worlds.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Trends in MIS

There are several major trends in IT, and these trends have impacts not only on the organization, but also the consumer. Some of these trends include (i) the development of new technologies in various sectors and industries, for instance the much hyped Radio Frequency Identification networks and its adoption across dissimilar end-user sectors. (ii) Embracing electronic payment methods including web-based payments and phone-initiated bill payment; and (iii) Improved and more secure payment processing as a result of advances in technology. These trends have substantial impacts on the organization and the consumer alike. On the organization, these trends promise many benefits such as improved operational efficiency, enhanced inventory control, improved customer experiences, and decrease in costs. The impact on the consumer include improved customer experiences, improved customer satisfaction, and superior products and services in the market place for the consumer (Symonds & Parry, 2008).

The emerging technology that I selected to investigate is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. Symonds and Parry (2008) pointed out that RFID devices are, in essence, small memory storage devices which could be read and at times written to from a distance with the use of radio waves through an apt interrogation device. RFID is essentially a smart label. Radio frequency identification tags are intelligent bar codes which are able to talk to a networked system in tracking all products that the shopper puts in his/her shopping cart. RFID uses a small chip which is embedded in a tag. The chip could record and store data, for instance a purchase record, price, or a serial number. The tag could be appended on many things such as vehicles, shipping containers, or merchandise. An electronic scanner will then be able to utilize radio signals in reading or tracking the ID tag (RFID Journal, 2013). Devices that use RFID have been flaunted and hyped as a replacement for barcodes in supply-chain applications.

RFID technology may alter or enhance business strategy and organization in that businesses may adopt RFID technology to solve the many problems which are associated with the use of barcodes (RFID Journal, 2013). For instance, with the use of bar codes, a scanner must see the bar code in order to read it, meaning that the bar code has to be oriented toward a scanner so that it can be read. By contrast, RFID does not necessitate line-of-sight given that RFID tags could be read provided they are within a range of a reader (Symonds & Parry, 2008). However, the RFID technology is more expensive than barcodes. RFID will not replace bar codes. They will coexist side by side for many years. Both have their respective cons and pros, and a business organization will choose the one that will suit its specific needs.

The types of businesses or commerce that would be impacted by this new technology include retailers, pharmaceutical companies, and airports. Retailers could obtain real-time comprehensive information on their stock by using an on-going automatic scan system in their stores and warehouses. This could be much more efficient compared to having a worker check inventory on the shelves manually, and may ultimately reduce costs and improve experiences of customers in stores through better supplies and stocking (Industry Canada, 2014). Retailers can also use it to ensure one shot scanning of products at the cash whereby every item in the consumer’s cart could be scanned at the same time whilst they are still inside the cart without having to remove the goods for checkout, thereby speeding things up at the store. Besides retailers, businesses in the pharmaceutical industry can use RFID tags to help in identifying potentially harmful and fake medicines. Airports could also use RFID tags to detect luggage loading errors automatically before bags get lost (Industry Canada, 2014).

References

Industry Canada. (2014). Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) in the Retail Marketplace. Available at http://www.ic.gc.ca/eic/site/oca-bc.nsf/eng/ca02320.html (Accessed August 18, 2014).

RFID Journal. (2013). Frequently Asked Questions. Available at http://www.rfidjournal.com/site/faqs (Accessed August 18, 2014).

Symonds, J. A., & Parry, D. (2008). Using RFID to track and trace high value products. Journal of Cases on Information Technology, 10(1). Retrieved from ProQuest

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Ravi Shankar Term Paper Assignment

Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar

Ravi Shankar

Order Instructions:

Topic Ravi Shankar

Research Project Grading Rubric
1. Project Definition (15 points)
a. name of performer(s) or ensemble (4)
b. location (3)
c. description of interview(s) (when, where, who, how, etc.) (5)
d. cultural identity of music (3)

2. Biography/History of performer(s) or ensemble (10 points)
a. training (5)
b. musical influences (5)

3. Style and Repertoire (15 points)
a. music genre(s) (3)
b. selected repertoire (music titles) (5)
c. instrumentation (3)
d. amplification, electronic techniques, if any (2)
e. musical goals (2)

4. Performances (15 points)
a. typical venues (3)
b. description of live or typical performance (5)
c. recordings, if any (2)
d. impact on community (5)

5. Writing Standards (See also COLS Grading Standards) (25 points)
a. focus, content, subject matter (8)
b. organization and coherence (7)
c. sentence and paragraph structure (5)
d. grammar and punctuation (5)

6. Format/Mechanical Matters (20 points)
a. MLA style (5)
b. sources (2)
c. black ink, 12-point type, 1,500 words (3)
d. on time (10)

Course Materials: Jeff Todd Titon et al. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World’s Peoples, Shorter Version/3rd Edition. Belmont, Ca.: Schirmer,2009, ISBN: 978-0=495-57010-3 (includes 3 audio CDs).

Explores a musician or musicians involved in live music-making in the student’s community and residing within the community.

A few examples of such musician are: a local Mariachi group, a local blues band, a local high school madrigal choir, a local drum and bugle corps, a local church choir, a local folksinger, a local Japanese drum group, a local Hindusthani classical music ensemble, etc. The research project is generally described in the text book on pages 365 and 366 as “A third approach…” and “A fourth approach…” Please read these pages carefully!

• 1,500 words with documentation and
• format in MLA style is required.
• 5 references

Your paper should be written in complete sentences and should describe your subject’s musical style, history, influence, future plans, repertoire and your personal comments. A recording or photograph or other non-verbal documentation is not required. A detailed grading rubric for this project is provided in the Syllabus area.

I. Introduction to Hindustani music

II. Ravi Shankar
1. His biography
2. His achievements for Hindustani music
3. His music
1. his goals for music
2. his personal evolution as an artist
3. his perspective on contemporary uses of Hindustani music

III. Ravi Shankar and the Western World
1. The Beatles
1. George Harrison
2. Mr. Peppers…
2. Shakti
1. John MacLaughlin
2. Hindustani music and musical form combined with Western instruments
3. The ’60s
1. Hallucinogenic drug use connotations
2. “Hippy” connotations

*****The Western World’s reception of Hindustani Music*****
1. Today versus in the ’60s
2. Current influences of Hindustani music in today’s music genres outside of World Music
3. Is this good for Hindustani music?
1. Does it detract from the tradition of the music?
2. Does it spread the music to all parts of the world effectively?

V. Hindustani Music’s effect on the world
1. How can its effect still be felt?
2. How has Ravi Shankar changed the world?
3. Has the effects of Ravi Shankar’s introduction of Hindustani music been beneficial to us?
4. What does the heavy use of hallucinogenic drugs maintain about Western listeners today and during the 1960s?

Analysis of the effects of Hindustani music on the Western world and Western music industry through Ravi Shankar’s influence on George Harrison and other Western artists. Effects on Jazz…possible similarities between jazz and raga…John Coltrane. Miles Davis.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Ravi Shankar

Introduction

This project will be carried out to examine how Ravi Shankar influenced the world by his activities. The project engages to identify the origin of Hindustani music. The project also aims to discover the similarities between raga and jazz as used in Hindustani music. This is by reviewing the play ‘My favorite things’ by Coltrane. Following an introductory exploration of both Coltrane’s musical career prior to 1960 and the “standard” form of “My Favorite Things,” the paper will compare and contrast Coltrane’s recordings of the piece: his 1960 studio recording, a more extended performance at the 1963 Newport Jazz Festival, and the last recording of the piece by his “classic quartet” in1965. These comparisons will reveal the evolution of both Coltrane’s own playing and the dynamics of his group’s interplay. They will also reflect the influence of African, Indian, and Western art music upon Coltrane and the modal and free styles of jazz in the 1960s.

The interviews to get information were conducted in music theatres in India and the Western countries. A group of music analysts interviewed the music teachers in India and the United States. The group also did literature research to garner information about Ravi Shankar and his contributions to the classical and modern music.

Introduction to Hindustani

Ravi Shankar

Ravi Shankar, a self-proclaimed figure, happened to have lived between 1920-2012 in the current day India. In the word of music, Shankar was widely recognized as a performer, musician, composer, and a well-known scholar of classical Indian music. He is still remembered for being one of the leading cultural figures of the 21stC whose achievements placed him as the leading icon of a significant music tradition. One of his profound visions was to ensure a stress free and violence free world (Michael 2007).

Ravi Shamir Biography

Shankar was born in Varanasi, India on April 7, 1920. He later moved to Paris in 1930 where most of his education was undertaken. From as early as 12 years old, he had started performing as a talented music dancer and as musician on a tour together with his elder brother Uday Shankar. In 1939, he held an ambivalent concert at music conference at Allahabad where he took the role of a soloist. His reputation as a remarkable leading performer of traditional Hindustani music had spread like bushfire by 1945. Shankar started to branch out as a composer where he started writing music for ballet and for significant films such as Neecha Nagar and Dharti ke Lal (Bhatt & Kashmiri Education, Culture, and Science Society 2008).

Shankar is also remembered to have composed the song Sare Jahan Se Accha, which is widely applicable today as second to the national Anthem of India. His reputation rewarded him the Music Director of All-India Radio at Delphi in 1949, and developed the Vadya Vrinda chamber Orchestra. The period 1950-1955 was very intense to him, particularly, involvement in internationally-acclaimed film studios of Calcutta where he was bumped up with a Ray Triology. He received glamorously the first of five presidential Awards, India’s most honorable title, in 1962. Throughout the year between 1960-65, Shankar had become one of the world’s leading serious musicians. George Harrison of the Beatles composed a deep, engulfed interest in the Hindustani music, and started to study with Shamir. One of the impacts of this study can be listened in his song ‘Within you, Without You’ (Rachael & Jeffrey 2006).

Ravi Shankar and the western world

Shankar’s performance used typical venue description of live or typical performance recording and his musical contributions are enormous to the community. Shankar and the western world were so diffused that he used the Western world’s personalities such as Eric Nisenson to record and to spread the ‘gospel’ of Hindustani music (Michael 2007). The western world perception of the Hindustani music it brings about globalization. The western world has found that Hindustani is associated with economic expansions. This was brought by the fact that racial integration diffuses knowledge and ideas in the system. The resultant effect was invention and innovation, which will consequently resulted into globalization (Titon, Timothy, Locke, Anne, John, Jonathan, McAllester, and David 2009).

The Western Word’s reception of the Hindustani Music

Having an extensive effect on music lovers on the Western World, Shankar brought advertisement of magnificent technologies through avenues such as television, print media, and social media. There are current influences of the Hindustani music in today’s music genres. This comes in form of modifying tonal setups established by Ravi Shankar (Titon, Timothy, Locke, Anne, John, Jonathan, McAllester, and David 2009).Although there might be an impact on the whole format, it cannot fully reduce the quality of the Hindustani Music and vice-versa. The magnificent works of the Hindustani were welcomed by both hands by the Western World (Rachael & Jeffrey 2006). Borrowing of the techniques and use of instruments by both cultures is highly visible up to the current date. Hindustani spread the music to all parts of the world effectively by avenues such as magazines, social media, and print media (Rachael & Jeffrey 2006). The music is adequately disbursed to all parts including African countries. The impact is reacted to by spontaneous change in music industries. Ravi Shankar was a household name in 60’s music lovers; he was synonymous with Indian music (Bhatt & Kashmiri Education, Culture, and Science Society 2008). The impact of Hindustani continues to reign in the music industry up today.

Hindustani music’s effects on the world

The effects of the Hindustani music to the western world are tremendous. These can encompasses music students in search of a style, who formally meet a trainer of an ancient’s musical tradition. This impact revolves about enrichment of vocabulary of a student. The composition and improvisation by creative artistes leads to continual change of tastes and preferences (Michael 2007). The impact can also involve a western performer of Indian music both in and outside India. In this case, the performer is able to appreciate both cultures. Both cultures integrate the virtual of non-racial segregation in their performances. A music teacher, for instance, integrating Indian pedagogy into the western music classroom, will still feel the effect of the Hindustani music (Titon, Timothy, Locke, Anne, John, Jonathan, McAllester, and David 2009).

The effects extend even to a composer researching the contacts and compare them between Indian, western, and other music of the world. The performers are able to form contacts from various parts of the world, as a result of meeting at frequent times. This takes the format of housing many traditions and cultures under one roof (Aaron 2010). The effects are still felt today as many people are in constant motion to move from India to the Western World and vice-versa. There is still incorporation of both tradition genres in their activities. Hindustani by Shankar changed the world by advocating a free world where all faith and beliefs are contained and appreciated. The world today is featured by holistic integration of all cultures in the music field (Titon, Timothy, Locke, Anne, John, Jonathan, McAllester, and David 2009).

The effects of Ravi’s introduction to Hindustani music has been beneficial to people in that many are able to describe themselves through songs. Music competitions are held all over the world and it comprises the whole generation in the determination of the winner (Aaron 2010). By 1960, the use of hallucinogenic drugs was rampant. It made singers and artistes freely display their habit in their performance. This is not the case today because there are strict measures to deal with the vice. The heavy use of hallucinogenic drugs by 1960 lead to secession of races (Michael 2007).

The western music at that time considered itself superior than any other in the world. But, the western world today views the heavy use of hallucinogenic drugs as one of the connecting factor between musicians of all genres. During 1960’s drugs, psycledia played in a crucial part in openness in amplifying an individual’s abilities. This was purely western phenomenon, a distinguished product of rock culture as in reality. Contrarily, Indian music and drugs are polar opposites (Rachael & Jeffrey 2006). Hippy connotations were mainly used by Western world’s musicians to rejuvenate their styles and performances (Bhatt & Kashmiri Education, Culture, and Science Society 2008).

John McLaughlin and other musicians such as Mr. Peppers diffused the works of Ravi Shankar to attest that Indiana music had a connection with spirituality. Being a disciple of Bengali guru Sri Chinmoy, he wore a shirt of him during Mahavishnu period (Aaron 2010). Due to this spiritual connectedness, a growing number of musicians from whom Indian music is part of their flesh are arising. Shakti being a die-hard spiritualist employed his principles to incorporate those of Ravi to send message globally. In his association with George Harrison of the Beatles, Ravi was able to popularize Indian music to the western world. Most of the highly expressive melodies done by Shanker alongside his longtime table player Alla Rakha, was The Doors, Jimi Henrix and he Grateful Dead (Rachael & Jeffrey 2006).

Coltrane in his play ‘my favorite things’ offers a brief outline of the similarities between Raga and Jazz. Both of them employ modal music that is played every day throughout the world/. Coltrane attributed raga and jazz with respect to all religions in all kind of mysticism. Jazz and raga employs similar short compositions, mostly a melody with should variations that also serve as avenues for improvisation. Improvisation of jazz is always expected. Both genres are much similar in the moment art, in that it requires immediate music making, and both require period of amicable discipline and the research before one can play them well (Aaron 2010).

Both jazz and Indian music, just like languages, have grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary, and contrary to their differences, they share many sonic components in the sphere of human musical expression. Both genres uses harmony and tonal content in their formats, but jazz in western music is grounded on progressive harmony (Bhatt & Kashmiri Education, Culture, and Science Society 2008). Indian music uses elongated compositions (Kritis) that are a major part of the repertoire, and jazz also has the same repertoire of elongated compositions that are played verbatim. This alone gives a tremendous quantity of common base and conceptual strength between Indian music and jazz.

Work cited

Aaron, B. The improvising mind: cognition and creativity in the musical content. Oxford: Oxford University Press.2010. Print.

Biju, M. Kerala tradition: fascinating destination. Kochi: Info Kerala Publications. 2011. Print.

Bhatt, S: Kashmiri Education, Culture, and Science Society. Kashmir scholars’ contribution to             knowledge and world peace: proceeding of national seminar by Kashmir Education, Culture & Science Society (K.E.C.S.S.), New Delphi. New Delphi: A.P.H. Publications.2008. Print

Titon, Jeff T, Timothy J. Cooley, David Locke, Anne K. Rasmussen, John M. Schechter, Jonathan P. J. Stock, David P. McAllester, and David B. Reck. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World’s Peoples. Belmont, Calif.: Schirmer/Cengage Learning, 2009. Print.

Michael B. World music: traditions and transformations. Boston: McGraw-Hill. 2007. Print.

Rachael, R. & Jeffrey P. Immigration of American popular culture: an introduction. New York: New York University Press. 2006. Print.

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Music Essay
Music Essay

Music Essay

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Course Materials: Jeff Todd Titon et al. Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World’s Peoples, Shorter Version/3rd Edition. Belmont, Ca.: Schirmer,2009, ISBN: 978-0=495-57010-3 (includes 3 audio CDs).

The excerpt from “Sarasiruha“, CD 2:3, textbook pp. 201-207, gives a condensed idea of a typical performance. After listening (patiently!) to this beautiful music, how does it (or maybe a part of it) closely reflect the meaning of the text on page 206? Do you know of any music in American culture that celebrates learning?

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Music Essay

Different communities have their distinct music styles. The Indian music styles, for instance, have noticeable differences from those of western origin. This paper delineates on the Sarasiruha, an Indian music and examines whether music in America celebrates learning.

Sarasiruha is a song composed by Pulaiyur Doraisamy in the Nineteenth century. The song is addressed to the goddess of music and learning, Saraswati. Listening to the music enabled me to learn various aspects concerning the lyrics and the song itself. I found out that it exemplifies what Titon et al. (2009) describe in their book. The melodies of the song are not precisely noted, hence, taught orally. It has no definitive versions, a factor that contributes to the many versions. The song has five parts which include: tanan, alapana, kirti, tani, and kalpana svaras.  At first instance of listening to the song, it appeared to have no patterns but when listened to closely, I noticed the above actually exist.  Instruments accompany the song and my favorite part is kriti. The first section, also known as alapana, is a free flowing exposition, and also explores raga. The part has no regular beat. Another section- tanam, is highly rhythmic exposing raga and is as well associated with drome. Therefore, the song is reflective of the meaning of what Titon et al. (2009) describe.

A number of songs celebrate learning in U.S. One of them is ‘Birmingham Sunday’ performed by Joan Baez. The song recounts the bombing that took place on the African American Baptist church in Birmingham. The song, even though is emotional, it teaches the citizens to embrace one another regardless of one’s race. People are able to learn the importance of embracing one another after listening to the song.

Reference

Titon, J., et  al. (2009). Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World’s Peoples, Shorter Version/3rd Edition. Belmont, Ca.: Schirmer, ISBN: 978-0=495-57010-3.

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