Category: Writing

Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set Assignment

Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set
Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set

Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set

Order Instructions:

Characteristics of Screening

In order for screening to take place, it must be feasible. In other words, it must be economical, highly reliable and valid, free of risk, available to a large number of individuals, and ethical to screen.

For this Application Assignment please download the Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set and submit your responses.

Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set

For Week 11’s Application Assignment complete this Sensitivity and Specificity problem set. Make sure to check the Calculation Application Rubric prior to submitting your responses.

Clearly mark your responses for each question.

When you are completed, submit to the Week 11: Application Dropbox using the correct naming convention on the file. See Week 11’s Application page for directions.

1) Sensitivity is:
A. The probability that a test correctly classifies as positive those who have preclinical disease.
B. The probability that a test correctly classifies individuals without preclinical disease as negative
C. The probability that those who test positive have the preclinical disease
D. The probability that those who test negative do not have the preclinical disease

2) Specificity is:
A. The probability that a test correctly classifies as positive those who have preclinical disease.
B. The probability that a test correctly classifies individuals without preclinical disease as negative
C. The probability that those who test positive have the preclinical disease
D. The probability that those who test negative do not have the preclinical disease

A screening examination was performed on 250 persons for Factor X, which is found in disease Y. A definitive diagnosis for disease Y among the 250 persons had been obtained previously. The results are charted below:

RESULTS OF DIAGNOSIS
TEST RESULTS Disease Y Present Disease Y Absent
Positive for Factor X 40 60
Negative for Factor X 10 140

3) The sensitivity of this test is expressed as:
A. 40%
B. 70%
C. 29%
D. 80%

4) The specificity of this test is expressed as:
A. 40%
B. 70%
C. 7%
D. 80%

5) The positive predictive value of this test is:
A. 40%
B. 70%
C. 7%
D. 80%

6) The negative predictive value of this test is:
A. 40%
B. 70%
C. 93%
D. 80%

7) If the same screening test is conducted in two populations, one with a high prevalence of the disease and one with a low prevalence of the disease, assuming the sensitivity and specificity of the screening test are the same, which of the following statements about positive predictive value (PPV) applies:

A. PPV is higher in the screened population with higher prevalence
B. PPV is lower in the screened population with higher prevalence
C. PPV is the same in both populations
D. It cannot be determined

8) Lead time bias can be described as:
A. An apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group.
B. A bias that occurs because screening tends to identify cases with less aggressive forms of the disease
C. A similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who are diagnosed by clinical symptoms.
D. An apparently longer survival time among those identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease

9) Length-Bias can be described as:
A. An apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group.
B. A bias that occurs because screening tends to identify cases with less aggressive forms of the disease
C. A similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who are diagnosed by clinical symptoms.
D. An apparently longer survival time among those identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease

A new screening test for a disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 60% and 70%, respectively. Four hundred (400) people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. (Assume the true prevalence of the disease among clinic attendees is 10%.)
Calculate the following values:

10) The predictive value of a positive test is:
A. 13.3%
B. 18.2%
C. 24%
D. 22.2%

11) The number of false positives is:
A. 108
B. 132
C. 24
D. 252

SAMPLE ANSWER

Sensitivity and Specificity

Sensitivity/Specificity Problem Set

For Week 11’s Application Assignment complete this Sensitivity and Specificity problem set. Make sure to check the Calculation Application Rubric prior to submitting your responses.

Clearly mark your responses for each question.

When you are completed, submit to the Week 11: Application Dropbox using the correct naming convention on the file. See Week 11’s Application page for directions.

  • Sensitivity is:
  1. The probability that a test correctly classifies as positive those who have preclinical disease.
  2. The probability that a test correctly classifies individuals without preclinical disease as negative
  3. The probability that those who test positive have the preclinical disease
  4. The probability that those who test negative do not have the preclinical disease
  • Specificity is:
  1. The probability that a test correctly classifies as positive those who have preclinical disease.
  2. The probability that a test correctly classifies individuals without preclinical disease as negative
  3. The probability that those who test positive have the preclinical disease
  4. The probability that those who test negative do not have the preclinical disease

A screening examination was performed on 250 persons for Factor X, which is found in disease Y. A definitive diagnosis for disease Y among the 250 persons had been obtained previously. The results are charted below:

RESULTS OF DIAGNOSIS
TEST RESULTS Disease Y Present Disease Y Absent
Positive for Factor X 40 60
Negative for Factor X 10 140
 

 
  • The sensitivity of this test is expressed as:
  1. 40%
  2. 70%
  3. 29%
  4. 80%
  • The specificity of this test is expressed as:
  1. 40%
  2. 70%
  3. 7%
  4. 80%
  • The positive predictive value of this test is:
  1. 40%
  2. 70%
  3. 7%
  4. 80%
  • The negative predictive value of this test is:
  1. 40%
  2. 70%
  3. 93%
  4. 80%
  • If the same screening test is conducted in two populations, one with a high prevalence of the disease and one with a low prevalence of the disease, assuming the sensitivity and specificity of the screening test are the same, which of the following statements about positive predictive value (PPV) applies:
  1. PPV is higher in the screened population with higher prevalence
  2. PPV is lower in the screened population with higher prevalence
  3. PPV is the same in both populations
  4. It cannot be determined
  • Lead time bias can be described as:
  1. An apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group.
  2. A bias that occurs because screening tends to identify cases with less aggressive forms of the disease
  3. A similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who are diagnosed by clinical symptoms.
  4. An apparently longer survival time among those identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease
  • Length-Bias can be described as:
  1. An apparently lower survival rate among persons screened compared to an unscreened group.
  2. A bias that occurs because screening tends to identify cases with less aggressive forms of the disease
  3. A similar survival time for persons identified during a screening program relative to persons who are diagnosed by clinical symptoms.
  4. An apparently longer survival time among those identified during a screening program because they were identified at an earlier stage of their disease

A new screening test for a disease is developed for use in the general population. The sensitivity and specificity of the new test are 60% and 70%, respectively. Four hundred (400) people are screened at a clinic during the first year the new test is implemented. (Assume the true prevalence of the disease among clinic attendees is 10%.)

Calculate the following values:

  • The predictive value of a positive test is:
  1. 3%
  2. 2%
  3. 24%
  4. 2%
  • The number of false positives is:
  1. 108
  2. 132
  3. 24
  4. 252

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Knowledge Management, Social Networks and Innovation

Knowledge Management, Social Networks and Innovation
Knowledge Management, Social                     Networks and Innovation

Knowledge Management, Social Networks and Innovation

Intention and Aims
The individual assignment requires an analysis of the exploitation of innovation within an organisation through a commercially developed SOCIAL NETWORK service. This involves producing an INDIVIDUAL formal report (max 2500 words excluding references). The assignment requires an analysis of a recent IBM initiative relating to ‘Social Business’ ibm.com/socialbusiness/uk

You are required to specifically identify how ANY organisation may ‘learn’ the nature of a SOCIAL MEDIA system which may be adopted to exploit the extent of the organisations ‘knowledge’ leading to enhanced ‘innovation’. For clarity your report should therefore form FOUR elements, ie organisational learning approach, social media development, knowledge management features and the extent of subsequent innovation.

It is expected that an in-depth investigation and analysis is undertaken to determine the extent of the theoretical and practical issues involved in how the
Social Media service was achieved through knowledge and innovation frameworks. Examples should be drawn from other research into well formulated networks currently available, ie; Facebook, Youtube, Twitter, Google, Linkedin, NING, Writeboard, Storybird, etc. Youshould include how your case analysis enabled successful knowledge and innovation within the organization. This should also involve a consideration of developments in the field by providing insightful explanations of current and future potential social media exploitation.

The report should provide an academic analysis by recalling the theories and approaches that are relevant to the topic. You may structure your report to include any relevant tables or diagrams with a suggested format as: features of organisational learning, nature of knowledge and how it may be managed, a contextual description of social networks and issues relating to the exploitation of organisational innovation through the Social Media systems.

The following learning outcomes are assessed through this assignment.
1 To critically discuss the nature and process of knowledge creation and transfer within organisations.

2 To critically evaluate how organisational and social dynamics combine to engender innovation.

3 To analyze the application of concepts and theories related to new ‘social network’ technologies

4 To be able to present theoretical and empirical evidence to address complex problems and practical situations in relation to knowledge management and innovation development

The individual report should reflect:
• Ability to identify diverse and high quality sources of information (a minimum of 40 references are required from different sources). These should include: academic journals/ books/ trade publications, government and industry data, websites, etc.
• Demonstration of clear understanding and synthesise of the available information in order to gain an in-depth knowledge and understanding of the topic(s).
• Ability to discuss complex information clearly and concisely, and to construct coherent and logical arguments. • Ability to present your findings in a
professional and well structured report format, including effective use of figures, tables, appendices
and referencing (Harvard Style is required).
It is essential that your research should include novel, thoughtful analysis and the impact of social networks on innovation through referencing and
incorporation of ideas from multiple sources.
In addition, the opportunity will be taken to enhance ‘employability’ criteria through attention to ‘presentation skills, ‘clarity of analysis’, ‘team
support’, ‘entrepreneurship’, etc

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leadership values, styles and challenges Essay

leadership values, styles and challenges
leadership values, styles and challenges

leadership values, styles and challenges

We are expected to answer the following questions:
What do you believe about leadership, followership, leaders and followers? where do these beliefs originate? (Reflection)
Some thoughts to consider: I grew up in a village that adopts a tribal system. My father is the Chief, I learned a lot of my leadership skills from him. We
need to relate this to the leadership values, styles, and challenges nowadays.

Use at least three (3) quality references Note: Wikipedia and other related websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

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The Impact of emotional confidence on purchase behavior

The Impact of emotional confidence on purchase behavior
The Impact of emotional confidence on purchase behavior

The Impact of emotional confidence on purchase behavior among students in UK

Literature Review:
Summarize the literature in the table format:
Title/ Journal Academics
Research Questions
Key findings
Methodology rationale (qualitative)
Area Literature(Services Marketing)
Areas of Future Research
1)Keep tight
2)Consumer behavior Model
3)Has to be related services Marketing
4)identify key word
5)Context contribution to the knowledge
6)Harvard Style
7)Critical technique
8)That you are aware of what is going on in the field
and thus your credentials
9)that there is a theory base for the work you are proposing to do
10)that your work has significance
11)Literature review starts broad and narrows to show how past research relates to your project
12)each table must be accompanied by an analysis that summarizes interprets and synthesizes the literature that you have charted in the table
13)Avoid global Statements
14)Justify Comments such as no studies were found.
15)if the results of previous studies are inconsistent or widely varying cite them separately
16)Cite all relevant references in the review section of thesis or journal article.
17)Issue is Consumer Purchasing
18)Don’t use compulsive buying
19)UK students aged 18-24
20)to attach an appendix a list of the key authors in the field and the area in which they have conducted research.
21)One Overall 3 key objectives
22)Keep very tight
23)Services Marketing ground

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Different development models Assignment

Different development models
Different development models

Different development models(It just a theme, you can decide the topic)

1. Countries have used different types of development models in East Asia. Identify what these different models are and account for the reasons for this
difference. Although you will need to refer to some descriptive material to illustrate the process of development you are asked to analyse how development models have changed and to use conceptual frameworks to explain this change. (approximately 75% of the report)

2. Explain why it is important for business firms to understand the nature of these different development models. (approximately 25% of the report)

3. An essay is inappropriate for this task and a report format must be adopted. It is also essential that critical assertions and key comments are referenced
and that the referencing system follows the Harvard format. Marks will be deducted in accordance with the School’s conventions for reports which are over the word limit, poorly written or poorly referenced. The word limit applies to the main body of the report only and excludes the contents page, executive
summary, list of references consulted, and appendices. It includes tables, figures, and references in the text. You should only include appendices if you
refer to them in the text and they are essential material for the reader.
4. Must be an original works.
5. Please do not stray from the point. I have ever get the worst of it.

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Articles that address the same current political issue/event

Articles that address the same current political issue/event
Articles that address the same current political                                   issue/event

Locate two articles that address the same current political issue/event. Try to find articles that contain some bias toward the issue, editorials are the best resource for this activity. The political topic should have some connections to the course mate

1. As the title for this assignment, provide the full MLA citation for both articles (you will need to list them again on the works cited page).
2. The first paragraph should summarize the main issue(s) in each article, so that the audience will know what the discussion in the media is about.
3. The majority of your essay will:
4. Identify and analyze the bias/ ideological "spin" in each article. This effort will require additional research using scholarly sources that are
to be documented on a works cited page.
5. Engage in a discussion on how both a Conservative and a Liberal perspective could apply to the events / issues discussed in the articles.
6. Demonstrate your understanding of the issues/events and how ideological perspectives have shaped the news.
7. Include a discussion around your personal position on the issue (pro, con, indifferent).
8. Clearly state how you think the issue can best be addressed, without using first person tones.
9. Why do you feel the issue should be handled in a particular way? Make a recommendation based on your findings.

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Writing for a business Assignment Paper

Writing for a business
Writing for a business

Writing for a business

Produce a piece of business writing for a defined purpose(-+1600 words)
Remember to include the introduction with purpose and objectives, as well as summery, statistical information and something visual. Use effective and
appropriate tone, language and level of formality to meet specified standards when writing for a business purpose. Incorporate basic statistic and visual
material in an appendix.

Use at least three (3) quality references Note: Wikipedia and other related websites do not qualify as academic resources.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

  • Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
  • Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

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Collage Aspects Inquiry Based Essay

Collage Aspects
Collage Aspects

You will be writing an inquiry-based essay on Collage Aspects. Specifically, you will either write a reflective essay that analyzes some aspect of collage life that is
interesting to you, This essay will build on an observation or idea that has caused you to pause and reflect about the world. You will describe the occasion
or idea vividly so readers understand and care about your inquiry, and you will explore and reflect on the possible meanings or the significance of your
subject. Ultimately the goal of this essay is to explore questions and engage readers in your exploration and discovery. 5-7 pages plus an annotated
bibliography.

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A Select Committee of Elected Officials

A Select Committee of Elected Officials
A Select Committee of Elected Officials

A Select Committee of Elected Officials

For a select committee of elected officials, present a critical view the extent to which recent developments in the English football broadcast market are
likely or unlikely to improve the welfare of football consumers.
1. The report must make predominant and effective use of academic sources, particularly peer reviewed journal articles.
2. Use at least two reference from Babatunde Buraimo’s article.
3. Please focus on the broadcasting market part (shift economic power, TV, technology, consumer welfare, monopoly?), do not stray from the point. By the way,
the course name is football business.
4. Must be an original works.

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Loosening Credit Standards Assignment

Loosening Credit Standards
Loosening Credit Standards

Loosening Credit Standards

During the course, you are required to complete a formal written assignment highlighting published current economic events or issues and explain how they relate to theories learned in this course. The paper provides you an opportunity to realize, reflect, and explain the economics that exist all around us. The paper must include a graph used as an explanatory tool of the economic principle presented.
Early submissions of written assignments are always accepted, but use the links provided in the respective modules to submit your topic, draft, and final
paper.

Instructions for preparing this assignment are as follows:
1. Each paper is to be an analysis on the recent economic events or economic reports from the supplemental resources or references. The focus of this assignment is to relate and analyze current events to basic principles of macroeconomics covered in this course. It is not acceptable to just regurgitate
statistics. The paper should indicate that you have a clear understanding of theory learned in class and its application/operation in the ‘outside world.’
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2. Option – If you come upon an interesting subject relating to your work or any other non- economic publication that can be explained in light of the
theories learned in this class, you may be able to substitute this as the basis article. Discuss the article and ideas with your Instructor prior to
embarking on this option.
3. Use standard file format (.doc or .docx) for all deliverables (topic, draft, and final paper). Standard margins apply. Papers should contain proper
documentation of the article(s) or other references used. If direct quotes are used (not contained in the article), appropriate footnotes, endnotes, or
parenthetical citations must accompany the quotes. Since a part of your paper will come from published sources, Internet references, etc., there should be
sufficient evidence of where the information for your paper originated. Paper length should be a few pages – short enough to qualify as a commentary but long
enough to adequately address the subject. Typically, six to eight double spaced pages are sufficient.

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