Business Plan for Urgent Care Center in Anaheim California USA

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The purpose of this application is to provide the student an opportunity to develop an advanced practice nursing (APN) professional business plan.

BUSINESS PLAN for Urgent Care Center in Anaheim California USA

Introduction to the APN professional business plan:
Introduces the purpose of the paper and addresses all background information elements (who, what, where, when, and why) for the proposed APN professional business plan.

Description of proposed APN business profile:
Individually addresses each element of the proposed APN business profile with discussion of how each element could be achieved if implemented.
When describing the proposed APN business profile, be sure to include: (a) proposed vision statement; (b) proposed services; and (c) proposed process for obtaining all anticipated registrations (i.e., Central Contractor Registration [CCR#]; Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment [CLIA#]; Commercial And Government Entity [CAGE#]; Dun & Bradstreet Number [DUNS]; Employer Identification Number [EIN]; Marketing Partner Identification Number [MPIN]; National Provider Identifier [NPI#] and Taxonomy Registration; North American Industry Classification System [NAICS#]; Small Business Administration [SBA#]; Standard Industrial Classification [SIC#]; Trading Partner Identification Number [TPIN]), if implemented.

Presentation of proposed APN service delivery:
Individually addresses each element of the proposed APN service delivery with discussion of how each element could be achieved if implemented.
When presenting the proposed APN service delivery, be sure to include: (a) proposed staffing (emphasis on total number of practice years as a licensed healthcare professional); (b) marketing plan and economic feasibility analysis (address potential sources of funding); and (c) management plan with proposed organizational chart

Conclusion:
An effective conclusion identifies the main ideas and major conclusions from the body of your manuscript. Minor details should not be included. Summarize important aspects of the proposed APN professional business plan.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Business Plan for Urgent Care Center in Anaheim California USA

Introduction

Background

Emergency rooms in Anaheim California are characterized by long queues that translate to long waiting hours and for the young children having critical conditions, pediatric urgent care centers have become an alternative for providing child care especially in the after-hours. Taking care of the chronically ill requires a lot of patience and compassion and even more of these attributes are demanded when taking care of sick children especially in the afterhours. Sickness does not consider convenience and with a few urgent care centers and a population of approximately 345,000 people there is a definite need to introduce extra urgent care centers in Anaheim. There is an ever growing need and urgent requests that require filling due to the shortage of emergency pediatric urgent care centers. To help reduce this burden, the Urgent Pediatric Care Centre (UPCC) will be established on the State College Boulevard to cater for the emergency pediatric needs of the citizens in the area.

Business Profile

Mission Statement

It is the mission of the Urgent Pediatric Care Centre (UPCC) to provide high-quality child-centered care for all the children at an affordable price and in the shortest time possible in all of Anaheim.

Vision Statement

Our vision is to become the best pediatric urgent care centre in the country that provides the high-quality pediatric services through continuous education of our staff at affordable prices and the centre of choice for all children and parents nationally.

Services Offered

Children need special attention and care in times of illness. Therefore, UPCC will provide comprehensive care for the children and cater for the needs of the parent while at the centre. The multidisciplinary team comprising of General Practitioners, pediatric doctors, specialists, nurses, surgeons, and other support staff will provide a wide range high-quality services that are walk-in hours throughout the week and year. These include pharmacy, laboratory and x-ray services for quick diagnosis and monitoring, and a fracture program that is comprehensive and overseen by the pediatric specialist. treatment will be provided by for cuts and bruises, cold and flu-like symptoms, ear infections, burns, throat infections, sprains, and rushes just to mention a few. Apart from these, counseling services will be provided for the parent, guardian and or significant other in case of severe life conditions. Where emergency services are required, the support staff will immediately connect you to the nearest hospital or Emergency Room for specialized treatment. The center will be dedicated towards the provision of care and support to the child patient including their parents in every step in the recovery process. While providing such care parents are required to provide company to their child from the start to finish and be actively involved in the recovery and healing process to ensure acceptance and adherence to treatment and positive treatment outcome.

Process for Obtaining all Anticipated Registrations

To obtain all the relevant registrations, the following processes would be applied. First is the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments (CLIA). Since the centre intends to provide laboratory services, certification and registration will allow provision of laboratory services through Medicare and Medicaid payments perks. Second, since the centre is going to provide care under different payment plans, the NPI standard will be sought for accountability purpose and for the sake of sharing with other institutions. Finally, for identification purposes, the Employer ID Numbers will be crucial as this is used by the IRS identify a business entity.

Service Delivery

Staffing

Pediatric care involves both the theoretical and evidence-based approach to practice and provision of care. The care here is not limited to the provision of differential diagnosis and treatment of conditions relating to medical interventions and therapeutics that occurs whether there is a disease or not. Interventions here are holistically provided and incorporate the human and family norms in treatment. Therefore, staffing will be done in a manner that supports the United States healthcare system and requirements and meets the needs of the patients. Staffing will involve supporting the United States healthcare system and the need to acquire highly qualified and well experienced and registered staff. Several options of clinical leads are available, and these leads will handle the emerging cases that “walk-in” to these centers and stabilize the patients before further treatment is provided, or referrals made. The leads will be required to have a minimum of eight years of practice as a licensed pediatric caregiver. The total number of staff required is forty to provide the best care possible.

Clinical Leads	Number
General Practitioner	1
Pediatric Doctor	1
APRN	1
Lab Specialist	1
Pharmacist	1
Radiologist	1
Medical Staff
Nurses	10
Pharmaceutical Technologist	2
Pharmacy Assistant	1
Lab technologist	2
Lab assistant	1
Physician Assistants	4
Counselor	2
Non-medical staff
CEO,	1
Human Resource Manager	1
Chief Financial Officer	1
Accountant	1
Other Staff		6

Marketing Plan and Economic Feasibility Analysis

The marketing strategy will be focused on the target population of children and their parents in Anaheim. Since there is a specific target group, the marketing strategy can be narrowed down only to address this group. Advertisement and media usage will be at the heart of the centre’s marketing strategy. Since television advertisements are often very effective, a short one-minute advert will be used with most of the media advert being done on local radio stations for a period of two weeks. The publicity and promotional approach that will be significantly used will be the print media. Billboards will be stylishly designed and placed in the region in strategic locations. Adverts will be published in the Newspaper on a daily basis for the first two weeks then on weekends only for the next four weeks. Pamphlets and brochures will also be prepared that will be handed out to individuals on the streets and to large organizations such as schools, hospital, and day care centers just to mention a few. Since gas filling stations often allow businesses to place their advertisements, posters will be prepared that will be placed on filling stations and the same applied to supermarkets, convenient stores, public toilet, or near children play areas. A promotional event will be organized and sponsorship of local events. The opening will be a community event aimed at introducing the staff and practice to the Anaheim populace. Free services such as blood screening will be done on a monthly basis in public institutions and facilities.

The cost structure will be semi-structured depending on the method of payment and source of payment. Medicare, Medicaid, and other insurance programs will have their price structures that will be dependent on the services provided. There will be three levels of pricing that will be based on a full comprehensive visit at $75, an intermediate problem that is new $65, follow-up visits at $35, and lab services $50. Counseling will be offered free of charge if the child is treated at the centre, however, for those who come from outside, a flat rate of $50 per every 45 minutes will be charged. Educational programs will be free at the hospital, but in case of outside invitations, the fee will be dependent on the location, depth of the program, and number of days the education shall be provided. The closest Urgent care centre here is the Anaheim Urgent Care. They charge higher prices and, therefore, UPCC is expected to attract more clients due to its lower prices and; in addition; they do not open for 24 hours. The centre will seek funds from the government; in addition, the CEO is expected to contribute towards the establishment of the funds. Through community activities, the centre will request for donations, grants, and gifts for establishing and running the institution. Finally, a bank loan will be sought to finance setting up of the centre, and this will be a quarter of the amount required as most financing will come from the government.

Management Plan

UPCC will be incorporated to become a limited liability corporation. This is with the goal of enabling the centre to benefit from taxing regulations, separate liability, and hence similar to a sole proprietorships but with reduced risk associated with sole-proprietorship. This form of business allows a single owner; however, it allows the addition of partners. The main decision maker will be the CEO for the non-medical decisions while the APRN will be the leader decision maker for the non-medical staff; however, this will be on consultation with the management team. This team will comprise of the CEO, CFO, and the HRM.

Conclusion

From the mission statement, UPCC aims at becoming the best urgent care centre not only in Anaheim but the entire nation. The institution will employ three approaches to ensure efficient registration and compliance with the IRS that are CLIA, EIN, and NPI. This will also ensure it provides care to a large population with different insurance plans and payment methods. The institution will offer a broad range of services that include pharmacy, laboratory and x-ray services for quick diagnosis and monitoring, and a fracture program. These will be offered on top of the conventional treatments in pediatric urgent care centers that include treatment for cuts and bruises, cold and flu-like symptoms, ear infections, burns, throat infections, sprains, and rushes just to mention a few. The centre will employ a total of 40 staff members that are highly qualified and experienced. Although it will be located near a well established urgent care centre it will provide the services at a reduced cost and on a 24 hour basis that will give it a competitive advantage. The government will be the main source of funding, and the rest will be sought through the bank, CEO contributions, and grants and gifts from the community. The CEO will be the overall decision maker, but for the medical staff the APRN will be the head responsible for decision making.

Reference

Cox, C., Hill, M., & Lack, V. (2013). Advanced Practice in Healthcare: Skills for Nurses and Allied Health Professionals. New York, NY, United States: Routledge.

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Clinical Guidelines and Nursing Sensitive Outcomes

Order Instructions:

This paper is critical and the writer must make sure that all details are taking into consideration. every question must have a detail respond. hear below are the instructions and also some resources that will be use for this paper , let the writer reference to all the resources are he writes the paper . Take note that each section must have 3 cited sources from pear review scholarly articles.

This paper is in two section just as some of my other papers. It should have a reference list at the end of each section, and proper grammar must be used to complete this paper. It has been cited in most of my papers that proper grammar and spellings was not applied and that has caused me a lot of points in this class. As we come to the end of this particular class I want you guys to pay attention to details. Read the instructions and respond accordingly. Take note that all points must be detaily explained. For section A you will use the clinical guidelines which is included hear below to respond to this section of the paper. The link is provided below and you must also quote a minimum of 3 sources for each section.

SECTION A (1.5 pages minimum)

Clinical Guidelines and Nursing Sensitive Outcomes
Clinical focus
The falls clinical guideline in reference is meant for health care professionals. There is a summary regarding the assessment and screening of falls among the elderly (focused history, physical examinations, functional assessment, and environmental assessment). There are also recommendations for old people in different care settings. The guideline can be obtained from http://www.americangeriatrics.org/health_care_professionals/clinical_practice/clinical_guidelines_recommendations/prevention_of_falls_summary_of_recommendations

Clearly describe the best practice or clinical guideline above and provide a working link to resource that is helpful in understanding this practice or guideline.
1. Discuss why this best practice or guideline should be utilized in nursing practice. Why do they lead to improved patient outcomes? What are the nursing actions identified in the guideline? What are the nursing sensitive outcomes?
2. End your discussion with suggestions as to how you might implement this evidence-based best practice or clinical guideline in your health care setting. As you do so, identify any potential barriers you might anticipate and offer ways to overcome these barriers.
3. Provide at least three citations with full references to credible nursing scholarly articles supporting your definitions and discussion.

SECTION B (1.5 pages minimum)

Collaboration for Research and Evidence-based Practice
1. Consider the role of the nurse as an interdisciplinary team member in completing research and using research findings to inform health care practices.
2. Using insights gained from visiting the Women’s Health Initiative retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/whi/ and by reading the article on collaborative strategies by Engelke and Marshburn (2006):
3. Discuss the role of the advanced practice nurse as an interdisciplinary research collaborator and member of the interdisciplinary team obligated to co-participate in the implementation and use of evidence-based practice.
4. End your discussion by providing an example of an evidence-based change that would require the collaborative efforts of nursing and at least two other health care disciplines and that would lead to quality improvement in healthcare.
5. Provide at least three citations with full references to credible nursing scholarly articles supporting your definitions and discussion.

Resources for this paper

Required Activities

• From your textbooks, read:
• Introduction to Nursing Research Incorporating Evidence-Based Practice
• Chapter 15: “Application of EBP”
• Please retrieve and read the following journal articles.
• Engelke, M.K., & Marshburn, D. M. (2006). Collaborative strategies to enhance research and evidence-based practice. Journal of Nursing Adminstration, 36(3), 131–135.
• Booth, J., Tolson, D., Hotchkiss, R., & Schofield, I. (2007). Using action research to construct national evidence-based nursing care guidance for gerontological nursing. Journal Of Clinical Nursing, 16(5), 945–953.
• Hoss, B., & Hanson, D. (2008). Evaluating the evidence: web sites. AORN Journal, 87(1), 124.
• Munroe, D., Duffy, P., & Fisher, C. (2008). Research for practice. Nurse knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to evidence-based practice: before and after organizational supports. MEDSURG Nursing, 17(1), 55-60.
• Harvath, T., Flaherty-Robb, M., White, D., Talerico, K., & Hayden, C. (2007). Best practices initiative: nurturing partnerships that promote change. Journal Of Gerontological Nursing, 33(11), 19–26.
• Reavy, K., & Tavernier, S. (2008). Nurses reclaiming ownership of their practice: implementation of an evidence-based practice model and process. Journal Of Continuing Education In Nursing, 39(4), 166–172.
• Review these Web resources.
• Revisit Clinical Guidelines and Best Practices such as the following:
• National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence©. Retrieved from
• http://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg/index.jsp
• Revisit Nursing Sensitive Patient Outcomes
• Patient Safety and Quality: An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nurseshdbk/
• National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators. Retrieved from https://www.nursingquality.org/
• Nursing Sensitive Patient Outcomes (ONS). Retrieved from http://www.ons.org/Research/NursingSensitive/
• Collaboration
• Physician-Nurse Collaboration in Research in the 21st Century. Retrieved from http://jco.ascopubs.org/content/22/5/774.full

SAMPLE ANSWER

Clinical Guidelines and Nursing Sensitive Outcomes

Section A

The guidelines are developed by the geriatrics societies in America and Britain and are based on evidence based trials among other players in areas such as occupational therapy, physical therapy, home care, pharmacy and hospice. They aim at assisting care providers on fall prevention after older patients’ recurrent falls, difficulty in walking or after acute falls. They may be implemented in caring for older persons in communities, long term care and for those with cognitive impairment (The Panel on Prevention of Falls in Older Persons, American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society, 2011).

Discuss why this best practice or guideline should be utilized in nursing practice

The best practice guideline should be utilized in nursing practice because there is need to reduce the risk of falls among older persons who are more susceptible to falls than younger patients. Falls are also related to higher rates of morbidity and mortality among older patients and it is thus imperative that nurses apply the guidelines to reduce the rates of death and illness. The guidelines on preventing falls are also imperative in preventing impairment of older persons’ overall functioning as well as untimely admission in longer term care settings (Feder, Donovan, & Carter, 2000). The following link to a resource is helpful in understanding this guideline (http://www.medcats.com/FALLS/frameset.htm).

Why do they lead to improved patient outcomes?

The guidelines result in improved patient outcomes because they bridge the theory-practice gap. They are particularly essential because uncertainty about care is rampant in nursing care for older patients. The guidelines are developed through a participatory approach which gives nurses confidence in caring for older patients. Patients provide experiential information about their falls and health practitioners evaluate appropriate interventions among those provided in the best practices guidelines. This approach reduces medical errors and results in better quality of care.

What are the nursing actions identified in the guideline?

Nursing actions that are required include a multifactorial risk assessment on patients’ history, physical balance, functional abilities and their environment. After assessing the risks, nurses recommend interventions to reduce the risk factors such as minimizing medications, incorporating an exercise program and treating vision impairment, administering vitamin D supplements. Providing education on fall prevention is also imperative among other interventions like modifying the home environment, addressing foot wear problems, managing heart rhythm problems and postural hypotension (medcats.com, 2010).

What are the nursing sensitive outcomes?

The nurse sensitive outcomes emanate from the fact that the guidelines are developed by a mixture of nurses from the diverse areas of gerontological practice and other experts in healthcare. The outcomes are that nurses provide safe and error free interventions. They assess the risk and offer interventions that are supported by tacit knowledge rather than mindlines. When nurses lack formal clinical guidelines, they base their decision making on mindlines. Mindlines as knowledge developed instinctively from their interactions with colleagues, opinion leaders and patient and practice experiences can be unsafe for older patients (Booth, Tolson, Hotchkiss, & schofield, 2007).

The guidelines are applicable in an acute health setting admitting older patients with cardiovascular conditions. It would require a variety of interventions to verify whether the reported falls are as a result of syncope or postural hypotension (The Panel on Prevention of Falls in Older Persons, American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society, 2011). One setback or barrier is that it would call for prolonged patient observation to ascertain the cause of the falls. However, admission in a home care setting may be necessary to verify the reasons for recurrent falls and execute appropriate interventions such as cardiac pacing and exercise to reduce the risk for falls.

References

Booth, J., Tolson, D., Hotchkiss, R., & Schofield, I. (2007). Using Action research to Construct National Evidence Based Nursing Care Guidance for Gerontological Nursing. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, 945-953.

Feder, G., Donovan, S., & Carter, Y. (2000). Guidelines for the Prevention of Falls in People Over 65. British Medical Journal, 321, 1007-1011.

medcats.com. (2010, July). Prevention of Falls in Older Persons: AGS/BGS Clinical Practice Guideline. Retrieved August 7, 2014, from medcats.com: http://www.medcats.com/FALLS/frameset.htm

The Panel on Prevention of Falls in Older Persons, American Geriatrics Society and British Geriatrics Society. (2011). Summary of the Updated American Geriatrics Society/British Geriatrics Society Clinical Practice Guideline for Prevention of Falls in Older Persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(1), 148

Section B

Nurses are increasingly collaborating in interdisciplinary research initiatives. For nurses’ participation in research to work well, there is need to ensure that open lines of communication are in existence. It is also imperative to ensure clear communication about goals, objectives, roles, processes and outcomes is issued at the onset of the research. It is also imperative that the interdisciplinary dynamics also entrench mutual trust and respect as well as value for the unique expertise that nurses and other members contribute (Houldin, Naylor, & Haller, 2004).

Nurses must use evidence based research findings as the basis of their health care practices in education, management and direct patient care. Implementing the evidence based practices have proven to provide safe, cost effective and personalized interventions to patients. Participation in collaborative research and implementation of the findings also develops nurses’ communication and critical thinking skills and leadership abilities to a significant extent. Nurses’ participation also increases their enthusiasm for work leading to increased practice ownership and greater appreciation for evidence based practice (Reavy & Tavernier, 2008).

There is a growing need for service and academia collaboration in research that informs evidence based practice (Engelke & Marshburn, 2006).Educators entrench utopia in nursing practice while healthcare settings cope with the reality of care on a daily basis. It is therefore important that nurse and educators share their perspectives to develop a shared understanding that bridge the gap between practice and education. For example, students can access an externship program that requires that they work the same shifts as their designated preceptors. Such an arrangement facilitates a mentorship relationship because students are not bombarded with new coworkers in every shift. Students must also report to a faculty member to access counseling on problems and learn effective team work strategies. A collaborative experience between preceptors and faculty members allows students to gain clinical experience which is an important form of evidence based practice (Horns, Czaplijski, Engelke, Marshburn, McAuliffe, & Baker, 2007).

The advanced practice nurse plays a collaborative and a co-participatory role in interdisciplinary in research and implementation. This is because partnership is an increasingly important value in organizational life. Advanced practice nurses continuously interact with other researchers in research and also use research results in practice (Harvath, Flahherty-Robb, White, Amann, & Hayden, 2007). The Women’s Health Initiative constitutes one of the collaborative research undertaking involving health care providers such as physicians, nurses, psychologists, nutritionists, epidemiologists and biostaticians for over a decade. The diversity in expertise of the team was imperative in adequately addressing the scientific and operational goals of the longitudinal, multifactorial observational study. It involved randomized controlled clinical trials that were made possible through the teams’ collaborative effort (Houldin, Naylor, & Haller, 2004).

Advanced practice nurses require making clinical decisions using the best research evidence, draw on their clinical experience and patient preferences. An example of collaborative effort in wound care evidence based change in a veteran wound care unit would incorporate nurses, pharmacists and dermatologists. The team would conduct a review of literature on pressure ulcer and venous stasis ulcer management to inform their research based treatment protocol. The dermatologists would provide insight on the most effective care strategies, the pharmacist would provide vital information on dosage in the different medicines while the advanced practice nurse would monitor nurses to ensure that policies and practices at the unit are evidence-based.

References

Engelke, M. K., & Marshburn, D. (2006). Collaborative Strategies to Enhance Research and Evidence-based Practice. Journal of Nursing Administration:, 36(3), 131-135.

Harvath, T. A., Flahherty-Robb, M., White, D. L., Amann, K., & Hayden, C. (2007). Best Practices Initiative: Nurturing Partnerships that Promote Change. Journal of Gentological Nursing, 33(11), 19-26.

Horns, P. N., Czaplijski, T. J., Engelke, M. K., Marshburn, D., McAuliffe, M., & Baker, S. (2007). Leading Through Collaboration: A Regional Academic /Service Partnership That Works. Nursing Outlook, 55(2), 74-78.

Houldin, A. D., Naylor, M. D., & Haller, D. G. (2004). Physician-Nurse Collaboration in Research in the 21st Century. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 22(5), 774-776.

Reavy, K., & Tavernier, S. (2008). Nurses Reclaiming Ownership of Their Practice: Implementation of an Evidence-Based Practice Model and Process. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 39(4), 166-172.

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Role and Responsibilities of a Pediatric and a Child Health Nurse

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Assessment #1 – Assignment (Graded)

Assessment Task

Please note : There are extensions available for this assignment.
Please note: There are no re-submissions for this assignment

This assessment relates to the course topics 1 to 3 and asks you to write an essay on the provided Template and answer the following question.

“Discuss the role and responsibilities of a Pediatric and a Child Health Nurse. What role do these nurses play in keeping children safe?”

Objectives assessed

CO1. Explain the role of the Registered Nurse in family-centred care
CO4. Appraise strategies designed to prevent or minimise future health issues using a framework of health promotion, quality, safety and risk management
CO6. Apply knowledge of the cultural needs, rights and expectations of infants, children and young people and their families within a legal and ethical framework

Requirements for completing the assignment

1. You must support your answer by in text referencing and using appropriate resources from both the course and your own research. It is Harvard referencing.
2. The assignment length is 1000 words
3. The essay must include an Introduction, main body and conclusion
4. Research articles used must be 2006 and above.
5. Relevant Nurse competencies and mandatory frameworks must be included in your answer
6. A complete reference list will need to be attached to the end of your assessment template.
7. Submit your completed template and rubric sheet via Gradebook

SAMPLE ANSWER

Role and Responsibilities of a Pediatric and a Child Health Nurse

Pediatric and child health nurses are typically registered nurses providing their services to young people and children. The contribution of these nurses is tremendous in ensuring that children receive quality healthcare but continue to be instrumental in enhancing quality healthcare among children. The author delineates on the roles and responsibilities of pediatric and child health nurse in keeping children safe among other issues concerning their services.

Roles of pediatric and child health nurse vary from institution to another, but responsibilities remain similar. They are primary care givers as they provide preventive, curative, promotive, and rehabilitative care in all the levels of healthcare services that pertains to children. In health facilities, they provide care to sick children by comforting them, bathing, feeding, and ensuring their safety (Conard & Pape, 2014). They ensure that children are well treated for any ailments and provided with appropriate care. At the community level, the basic responsibilities of these registered nurses include assessing the health of the children, immunizing them, and ensuring that primary healthcare and referral services are provided.

Pediatrician nurses also play the roles of coordinators and collaborators. They must maintain good interpersonal interactions with the family, child, and health team members. Communication is very critical for nurses as it allows them to share with the parties concerned and in the process, improving the quality of services that they render. They also coordinate nursing care with other services to meet the needs of the children (Conard & Pape, 2014). For example, they coordinate with other parties in the sector such as social workers, physicians, dieticians, and physiotherapists to ensure that they render superb services to the children.

These nurses also play a role of an advocate. They advocate for the rights of the children and come up with strategies to render best care from the healthcare team (Conard & Pape, 2014). Another role of the pediatric and child health nurse is that of health educator. They have the responsibilities to teach the parents about the best strategies to prevent sickness, promote, and maintain health of their children. Information is a very critical aspect in ensuring improved services.

Nurses act as consultants in guiding parents on how to maintain and promote health of their children. For instance, they guide parents about the best-feed practices, best facilities to visit, and accident prevention among many others. They also counsel parents on health hazards and ensure that they can make appropriate decisions in different situations that they encounter (Gregorowski et al., 2013). They as well act as care managers whereby they monitor, organize, and evaluate patients’ treatment to ensure that the outcome is positive. They also participate in social services as they can refer children and families to other child welfare agencies to ensure that they get necessary support.

Another role of these nurses is carrying out research, which is a very important and integral part of the nursing profession. Research provides the basis for changes in the nursing practices; it improves the child health care, as well as improving the evaluation of such practice. Depending on the level of experience, these nurses may also play other roles and responsibilities such as carrying out physical examinations, immunization of children, screening of disease, diagnosing of sicknesses, and prescribing medication for the children (Gregorowski et al., 2013).

Nurses employ development strategies and frameworks to minimize or prevent future health issues. The most used framework many nurse embrace is of health promotion, quality, safety, and risk management. Health promotion encompasses three levels including primary, secondary, and tertiary level. These nurses aim to promote healthy maturation, intellectual, physical, and emotional bonding of children in the context of the family and community (Gregorowski et al., 2013). They as well provide care to those children in need and deal with disabilities. In primary level, they achieve this through education of children and parents and by providing basic needs and immunization to the children. At secondary levels, the role of these nurses is to provide care such as treatment to sick children. They, therefore, achieve this by assessing their needs, planning for the best care, implementing the plan, evaluating the condition of the child, and teaching the child and parent about healthcare. At the tertiary level, these nurses endeavor to ensure that children regain their normal health. They must as well ensure quality by adhering to the ethics when providing care such as prescribing the right medication and provide right immunizations to the children (Prospects, 2014). According to Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) (2008), nurses need to practice in a safe and competent manner, adhere to standards of professional and broader health system and ensure confidential of any personal information among others.

Safety is a very important role of the pediatric nurses. The safety of children in the health facility is a responsibility of the parent as well as of a pediatric nurse (Egerton, 2012). Risk management has become a very important factor and nurses need to know how to manage risks they are exposed to ensure that they do not compromise on their services.

Even as these nurses play their roles and responsibilities, they must consider cultural needs, rights, and expectation of the children, infants, young people, and families they come across within an ethical and legal framework. Cultures of parents do vary, and taking an initiative to understand their beliefs and values is important as it allows the nurse to align the services to suit the such needs (Egerton, 2012). The rights and expectations of the child or family members must as well be respected when rendering services. Law must also be adhered accordingly. The right to informed consent and end to life protocols must be respected when providing healthcare to the children. Ethics plays a key role in the nursing profession. Pediatric and child health nurses must respect and follow the codes of ethics in their service delivery. They must be honest, have integrity, be respectful, and endeavor to render services with diligence.

In conclusion, pediatric and child health nurses have a wide array of responsibilities and roles. I addition to promoting health among children, they also collaborate with parents and families to ensure that quality healthcare is rendered. It is therefore, prudent for the nurses to appreciate that situations keep on changing in their practice in terms of technological advancement, and they must always be on the look out to keep abreast with such changes.

Reference list

Conard, P, & Pape, T 2014, ‘Roles and Responsibilities Of the Nursing Scholar’, Pediatric Nursing, vol. 40 no. 2, pp. 87-90.

Egerton, L 2012, ‘Role of advanced paediatric nurse practitioners, Emergency Nurse. Vol. 20 no. 4, pp. 30-34.

Gregorowski, A., et al. 2013, ‘An action research study to explore the nature of the nurse consultant role in the care of children and young people’, Journal of Clinical Nursing, Vol. 22 no. 1/2, pp. 201-210.

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) (2008). National competency standards for the Registered Nurse. Retrieved from: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=7&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CFYQFjAG&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au%2F documents%2Fdefault.aspx%3Frecord%3DWD10%252F1353%26dbid%3DAP%26chks um%3DAc7KxRPDt289C5Bx%252Ff4q3Q%253D%253D&ei=ly7rU_DZEo_n7AbL4I CQDg&usg=AFQjCNF8F4L8vBEpHna0npODjOPPsDxbgg&sig2=35goFOyCC7eCM-qHPctwvQ&bvm=bv.72938740,d.ZGU

Prospects, 2014, ‘Pediatric nurse’. Available at: http://www.prospects.ac.uk/paediatric_nurse_job_description.htm

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United Healthcare Organization Essay Paper

United Healthcare Organization

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Assignment :Health Organization Case Study
Research a health care organization or a network that spans several states within the U.S. (Example: United Healthcare, Vanguard, Banner Healthcare, etc.).
Harvard Business Review Online and Hoover’s Company Records, found in the GCU Library, are useful sources. You may also find pertinent information on your organization’s webpage.
Review “Singapore Airlines Case Study.”
Prepare a 1,000-1,250-word paper that focuses on the organization or network you have selected.
Your essay should assess the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade, and include a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth, nurse staffing, resource management, and patient satisfaction.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.

THE DEADLINE IS ON SUNDAY, WE TOOK 7 DAYS

SAMPLE ANSWER

United Healthcare Organization

The United Healthcare Organization is a nonprofit making organization, which traces its roots in the early 1977, when Dr. Paul Ellwood, a health professional, and Richard Burke founded the company. It all started in the 1960s when it used to be called the Health Maintenance Organization until 1977, when the two decided to change its name to United HealthCare Corporation. Its core agenda by that time was to help people live healthier lives and create innovative thinking in provision of better healthcare services. The business was based on the use of the recommended medical practices in healthcare and the use of management skills in better service provision to patients while strengthening the health care system. By the early 1990s, the organization had grown and registered numerous members (Strang 1997, p. 166)

Growth

Together, the United Healthcare and its partner Optum serve more than 85 million people worldwide with more than 160,000 workers in all the 50 states of the United States and more than 125 other countries (UnitedHealth group, 2014, p.3). Since the organization started, it has grown so big and has diversified the provision of its services. It now runs a series of healthcare groups such as the Optum, United Healthcare Children Foundation, and United Health Foundation. In order to increase the number of health service providers, the organization has opened up a series of nursing schools to provide nursing training to students so that it can increase the number of healthcare service providers. One such school is the Park Lane Elementary School in Philadelphia. The services that they are providing have been greatly advanced form simple medical service delivery to the more complex surgery delivery services.

The use of online forums in managing its growth has been very effective. The use of online management has also led to delivery of quality services to the patients at their own comfort. The patients can get advisory services at the online platforms

Management

The organization is managed in such a way that it has branches all over the country with distinct administrators. It has its headquarters at Minnesota and the president of the United Health Group organizations heads it. All the other administrators at the various branches around the country report to the headquarters (Strang, 1997).

As said earlier, the organization is a not-for-profit, which basically runs on member contributions and donor funding. The money is also collected through the membership subscription fee through the use of the healthcare insurance scheme where the members are taxed. It is collected from the various branches and then its use is managed at the headquarters. Here, any money that is required for spending is sent to the specific branch after approval by the necessary budgetary authorities (United Health group, 2014, p. 6-7).

Nurse staffing

The organization entirely runs on donor funding and contributions from the local societies in America. The employment of staff workers ranges from nurses to physicians, and doctors. The health care centers are located in every part of the United States. The employees sacrifice their time in order to ensure proper and quality service delivery to the patients.

According to Spetz et al. (2013), they observed that United Health Groups Center for Nursing Advancement has been in the forefront encouraging the nurse practitioners to engage in higher licensed programs so that they can practice with full authority. A report carried out by the center identified that nurse practitioners practicing in retail clinics have a very high potential to deliver quality services to patients. The study recommended that scope of practice by the qualified and trained nurses should go beyond what it is at now. The Health Group has carried out several researches in the healthcare system for America, which help equip the nurses with the right knowledge that they need in dealing with their patients. The organization has also organized several nurse-training conferences in which the nurses are given training on the current trends in the healthcare service provision. Through such forums, the nurses are able to acquire knowledge that helps them improve their skills in the healthcare system.

Advancements in Service Provision and Patient Satisfaction

The world of today is moving towards the era where people shall be accessing services at the comfort of their home without much manual work. In the year 2011, the United Health Center for Health Reform & Modernization in collaboration with YMCA launched the JOIN for ME Initiative. This was designed to engage young overweight kids between the age of 6 and 17 in an evidence-based program to achieve a healthier weight through a reduction of calories and TV and computer time screens. The initiative was also to encourage enough sleep and physical activity as one of the strategies of reducing weight. In the same year, the organization also invented hi-tech, lower cost hearing devices for the 36 million Americans with hearing loss. The initiative also included new testing in order to identify those who had developed the hearing problem (United Health group, 2014)

In the year 2012, the organization launched My Healthcare Cost Estimator, an online resource that provides a comprehensive analysis of costs of over 116 diseases and gives the comparison from various service providers. This helps the citizens in making informed decisions on their medication cost based on the different healthcare providers.

In 2013, the organization launched the Easy Book, an online healthcare shopping in which customers can book appointments online and pay upfront for quality care, often at discounted rates. In the same year, the Optum in collaboration with the United Healthcare group, launched a Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP). The programme was run all over America encouraging change of lifestyle as a way of dealing with the diabetes problem among the millions of Americans in a convenient way. In addition, they launched the Optum 360, a new strategy to simplify patient billing and enhance transparency in the cost of medication of the patients by the various health service providers. The system also incorporates a technique, which enhances progressive delivery revenue management, and medical record documentation services to large hospitals and health systems.

This year, the organization has launched the Optum One, which is an analytics platform that helps the professional healthcare providers engage the patients, coordinate the patient care services, and improve health outcomes. The care providers can analyze and take direct action on conclusions deducted from data Optum One extracts from personal medical records and provides an avenue of claims.

Conclusion

The United Healthcare Organization is one of the very vibrant healthcare organizations in the whole of America whose service provision is aimed at satisfying its customers. Provided the organization advances technologically, new inventions will see it through its continuous growth and survival in the next decade.

References

Health Leaders Media, 2012. Grow your own nurse leaders. Retrieved from http://www.unitedhealthgroup.com/NursingAdvancement/Default.aspx

Spetz, J., Parente, S., Town, R. & Barzako, D., 2013. Nurses Practicing Independently in Retail Clinics Deliver Significant Cost Savings for Many Common Conditions. Retrieved from http://www.unitedhealthgroup.com/Nursing%20Advancement/Default.aspx

Strang, D. 1997. Health maintenance organizations. pp 165-179. New York, free press.http://www.soc.cornell.edu/faculty/strang/articles/Health%20Maintenance%20Orga nizations.pdf

United Health Group, 2014. United Health Group facts 2014 q2. Minnetonka, Minnesota 5534. Retrieved from http://www.unitedhealthgroup.com/~/media/UHG/PDF/About/UNH

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Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent Navajo Indians

Order Instructions:

Please take note that I will send two document for this assignment , which will include the letter to the stakeholder, and a promotional pamphlet which the writer is to use for this paper. also he has to search online for additional information on this particular case study as require by the assignment . He should pay attention to all details and respond to all questions in the case study clearly as the prof will asses to see that all questions where responded to. They are 5 key questions in the case study, so the writer must provide 5 key sections clearly responding to this 5 questions

Case Study: Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent Navajo Indians

Directions
For this assignment please follow these instructions in sequence.
– Complete all assigned reading noted in the resource section at the end of the questions before attempting this assignment.
– Review the two promotional documents provided for the launch of the community health promotion ( letter to stakeholders and Promotional Pamphlet).
– Locate data and documents necessary to answer the case study questions from the internet.
Case Study Questions:
a. As a key stakeholder, were you swayed to support this community health Initiative? Please support your yes or no answer with rationale
b. Was the data presented sufficient to support this community health proposal?
c. Identify at least four strengths of this proposal?
d. Identify at least four weaknesses of this proposal?
e. For the weaknesses identified propose valid solutions with supporting rationales
These answers should be contained in a paper no longer than 3 pages, excluding title page and references. The document should be in appropriate 6th edition APA format.

Resources to aid in the paper.

Health Promotion in Nursing Practice
• Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7 and 9

Benjamins, M. R., & Whitman, S. (2010). A Culturally Appropriate School Wellness Initiative: Results of a 2-Year Pilot Intervention in 2 Jewish Schools. Journal Of School Health, 80(8), 378-386.

Work group for community health and development at the University of Kansas. (2012). Chapter 8 developing a strategic plan sections 1-7. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/chapter_1007.aspx

Work group for community health and development at the University of Kansas. (2012). Developing an action plan main section. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1089.aspx

It is important that writer read and reference to the above readings for this paper.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescent Navajo Indians

Was the stakeholder swayed?

There are high chances that the key stakeholder will be swayed based on the fact that this is meant to create awareness. On the contrary, the matter is very critical and requires immediate and solid support and attention. It was important to point out that diabetes was infrequent among the Navajo youths who were less than ten years. On the contrary, the incidence and prevalence of the disease was extremely high among the older youths. This would have been very vital in ensuring that the main stakeholder supported the program at Gallup, New Mexico and beyond. Moreover, if aware of the seriousness of the disease though the incidence, prevalence, and impacts among the adolescent Navajo youths, he would also support the proposed prevention and management strategies.

Sufficiency of the data

The data provided was not adequate to support the proposal. It was important to present the facts regarding the prevalence, incidence, factors contributing to the disease, and the effects the disease has on the adolescent Navajo Indians. This would have emphasized the gravity of the issue and, thereby, ensuring more support of the proposal. Emphasizing how critical a matter is among a certain target group as well as how the disease impacts on the affected can go a long way in ensuring that the program is supported as needed.

Strengths

The proposal is prepared by professional nurses from Gallup Indian Medical Center. In this case, the school community has higher chances of accepting the proposal based on credible professionalism. Moreover, the proposal was written by the lead designer of the proposal. Second, the proposal is relevant to the challenges facing the Navajo Indians (Work group for community health and development at the University of Kansas, 2012). The community health proposal addresses prevention of diabetes types 2 among the adolescent Navajo Indians. This is based on the fact that the prevalence of the disease is high among the adolescents and, therefore, many other stakeholders are likely to support the community health proposal since it addresses an actual community challenge (Tran et al., 2014).

Third, the target group chosen for the community health proposal is fit. It was strategic for the proposal proponents to choose a middle school system (5^TH, 6^TH, 7^TH, or 8^TH grade students) in Gallup New Mexico since these basically constitute of the affected adolescents. It was easier to locate the target group from a school. Fourth, the proposal will first be presented to the school board meeting. This is very crucial in ensuring that the school management supported the proposal and encouraged the students to enroll for the program.

Weaknesses

The proposal is lacking in that the seriousness of the cause has not been emphasized. There was a great need to indicate the actual figures (prevalence and incidence) of the disease (Dabelea et al., 2014). This would have ensured that the proposal was supported by the key as well as other stakeholders. In the proposal, it is stated that a community health proposal was developed and aimed at students who were then in middle school system in relation to type 2 diabetes prevention. However, there is no mention of why this was important for this target group. What effects does the disease affect this age group?

The diabetes type 2 community health proposal also lacks in that there is no mention of why prevention is being advocated for. There are other approaches that could have been taken including management, treatment, awareness creation, or control of the disease. However, since the proponents have settled on prevention, it is important to mention why this is the approach they consider more proper (Imperatore et al., 2012). Not only does the proposal fail to point out the significance of the matter to the key stakeholders, the promotional pamphlet is also not convincing. Seeing such a promotional pamphlet, many adolescents who are not aware of the diabetes type 2 concern among the adolescent Navajo Indians will ignore it (Work group for community health and development at the University of Kansas, 2012).

Valid solutions for the weaknesses

The prevalence and incidence of diabetes type 2 among the adolescent Navajo Indians should be highlighted and compared to statistics of other adolescents elsewhere. This would emphasize on the gravity of the matter. It is also important to mention why this target group is important as far as the disease and adolescent Navajo Indians are concerned. The proposal should have elaborated in detail why this age group was particularly of concern

The proponent of the proposal should mention and explain the benefits or advantage of preventing diabetes type 2. This is based on the fact that they could have adopted other approaches. But since they settled on prevention, there is a need to mention how prevention of the disease is useful (Benjamins & Whitman, 2010). The promotional pamphlet should have at least indicated how serious the matter is among these adolescents through a mention of the incidence and prevalence. Moreover, there should be a mention of why prevention is important. This measure would go a long way in ensuring that many adolescents enrolled for the program.

References

Benjamins, M. R., & Whitman, S. (2010). A Culturally Appropriate School Wellness Initiative: Results of a 2-Year Pilot Intervention in 2 Jewish Schools. Journal Of School Health, 80(8), 378-386.

Work group for community health and development at the University of Kansas. (2012). Chapter 8 developing a strategic plan sections 1-7. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/chapter_1007.aspx

Work group for community health and development at the University of Kansas. (2012). Developing an action plan main section. Retrieved from http://ctb.ku.edu/en/tablecontents/sub_section_main_1089.aspx

Tran, F., Stone, M., Huang, C. Y., Lloyd, M., Woodhead, H. J., Elliott, K. D. & Craig, M. E. (2014). Population‐based incidence of diabetes in Australian youth aged 10–18 yr: increase in type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes. Pediatric diabetes.

Dabelea, D., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Saydah, S., Imperatore, G., Linder, B., Divers, J. & Hamman, R. F. (2014). Prevalence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among children and adolescents from 2001 to 2009. JAMA, 311(17), 1778-86.

Imperatore, G., Boyle, J. P., Thompson, T. J., Case, D., Dabelea, D., Hamman, R. F. & Standiford, D. (2012). Projections of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Burden in the US Population Aged< 20 Years Through 2050 Dynamic modeling of incidence, mortality, and population growth. Diabetes Care, 35(12), 2515-2520.

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AIDS Community-Based Outreach/Intervention

Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based Outreach/Intervention Research Program, 1992-1998

Order Instructions:

Select 10 research articles relevant to your intended research topic. Develop a literature matrix that summarizes the individual articles. You may create a matrix similar to the matrix posted in Doc Sharing, for Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based Outreach/Intervention Research Program, 1992-1998

SAMPLE ANSWER

Cooperative Agreement for AIDS Community-Based Outreach/Intervention Research Program, 1992-1998

Authors	Title	Journal	Publication Date	Study Design	Data Type	Subjects	Results	Comments/Outcomes/Implications/conclusions
Janet J. Myers, Lucy Bradley-Springer, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Kimberly A. Koester, Stephanie Beane, Nancy Warren, Jeffrey Beal, and Linda Rose Frank	Supporting the Integration of HIV Testing Into Primary Care Settings	American Journal of Public Health	June 2012	a retrospective case study	Both quantitative and qualitative data	38 321 participants	The findings of the study showed that compared with other AETC training; HIV testing training was longer and used a broader variety of strategies to educate more providers per training. During education, providers were able to understand their primary care responsibility to address public health concerns through HIV testing.	In conclusion AETC efforts illustrate how integration of the principles of primary care and public health can be promoted through professional training.
Christy L. Beaudin and Susan M. Chambre	HIV/AIDS as a chronic disease: Emergence from the plaque model	The American Behavioral Scientist	May 1996	a healthcare survey of AIDS cases in the US across all groups	Quantitative data	476, 899	The findings of this study show that there was an increased impact on human resource as well as public healthcare services	In conclusion, the HIV/AIDS epidemic provides challenges for public policy because of the many complex scientific, human service, and public health activities involved.
Scott C. Ratzan, J. Gregory Payne and Holly A. Masett	Effective Health Message Design: The American Responds to AIDS Campaign	The American Behavioral Scientist	November 1994	A case study of healthcare communication	Quantitative and qualitative data	Multimedia message	The results of this study show COAST model can be effectively adopted to pass health communication messages	In conclusion, there is need for combination of these strategies for continued effective AIDS campaigns
Ronald O. Valdiserri and Gary R. West	Barriers to the Assessment of Unmet Need in Planning HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs	Public Administration Review	Jan/Feb 1994	A case study of CBOs and NMOs	Quantitative and qualitative data	229	The results shows that there are various barriers to effective protection of AIDS	The study concludes that despite the intervening obstacles, comprehensive, methodologically sound needs assessments conducted collaboratively by the providers and consumers of HIV prevention services are essential to development of effective prevention programs
Donna H. McCree, Gregorio Millett, Chanza Baytop, Scott Royal, Jonathan Ellen, Perry N. Halkitis, Sandra A. Kupprat, and Sara Gillen	Lessons Learned From Use of Social Network Strategy in HIV Testing Programs Targeting African American Men Who Have Sex With Men	American Journal of Public Health	October 2013	A case study between April 2008 and August 2010.	Quantitative data	149 men	The results of the study show that several common lessons regarding development of the plan, staffing, training, and use of incentives were identified across the sites. Collectively, these lessons indicate use of SNS is resource-intensive, requiring a detailed plan, dedicated staff, and continual input from clients and staff for successful implementation.	In conclusion, SNS may provide a strategy for identifying and targeting clusters of high-risk Black MSM for HIV testing. Given the resources needed to implement the strategy, additional studies using an experimental design are needed to determine the cost-effectiveness of SNS compared with other testing strategies.
Marilyn M. Metzler, Donna L. Higgins, Carolyn G. Beeker, Nicholas Freudenberg, Paula M. Lantz, Kirsten D. Senturia, Alison A. Eisinger, Edna A. Viruell-Fuentes, Bookda Gheisar, Ann-Gel Palermo, and Donald Softley	Addressing Urban Health in Detroit, New York City, and Seattle Through Community-Based Participatory Research Partnerships	American Journal of Public Health	May 2003	A case study of three urban research centers	Quantitative data	Three urban centers	The results of this study indicate that activities critical in partnership development include sharing decision making, defining principles of collaboration, establishing research priorities, and securing funding. Intermediate outcomes were sustained CBPR partnership, trust within the partnership, public health research programs, and increased capacity to conduct CBPR. Challenges included the time needed for meaningful collaboration, concerns regarding sustainable funding, and issues related to institutional racism.	The study concludes that the URC experiences suggest that CBPR can be successfully implemented in diverse settings.
Hilary L. Surratt, Wendee M. Wechsberg, Linda B. Cottler, Carl G. Leukefeld, Hugh Klein, and David P. Desmond	Acceptability of the female condom among women at risk for HIV infection	The American Behavioral Scientist	May 1998	A six-site cohort standardized study design	Quantitative and qualitative data	318	The results of the study shows a significant correlation between use of female condoms as well as other community-based preventive measures and HIV/AIDS prevalence	The study concludes that sustained use of preventive measures would go a long way in reducing prevalence of HIV/AIDS
Lisa R. Metsch, Daniel J. Feaster, Lauren Gooden, Tim Matheson, Raul N. Mandler, Louise Haynes, Susan Tross, Tiffany Kyle, Dianne Gallup, Andrzej S. Kosinski, Antoine Douaihy, Bruce R. Schackman, Moupali Das, Robert Lindblad, Sarah Erickson, P. Todd Korthuis, Steve Martino, James L. Sorensen, José Szapocznik, Rochelle Walensky, Bernard Branson, and Grant N. Colfax,	Implementing Rapid HIV Testing With or Without Risk-Reduction Counseling in Drug Treatment Centers: Results of a Randomized Trial	American Journal of Public Health	June 2012	randomized controlled trial	Quantitative data	1281 participants	The study findings show that a combined on-site rapid testing participants received more HIV test results than off-site testing referral participants (P < .001; Mantel-Haenszel risk ratio = 4.52; 97.5% confidence interval [CI] = 3.57, 5.72). At 6 months, there were no significant differences in unprotected intercourse episodes between the combined on-site testing arms and the referral arm (P = .39; incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.04; 97.5% CI = 0.95, 1.14) or the 2 on-site testing arms (P = .81; IRR = 1.03; 97.5% CI = 0.84, 1.26)	In conclusion, this study demonstrated on-site rapid HIV testing’s value in drug treatment centers and found no additional benefit from HIV sexual risk-reduction counseling.
Benjamin P. Bowser	The Social Dimensions of the AIDS Epidemic: A Sociology of the AIDS Epidemic	The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy	2002	Theoretical approach	Qualitative data	Numerous theories	The results of this study show that group and community-based strategies are appropriate for addressing various sociological challenges that continued to inflict on people living with AIDS as well as the AIDS epidemic	The study concludes that there is need for continued implementation of preventive measures to address AIDS menace
Chinazo O. Cunningham, John Paul Sanchez, Daliah I. Heller, and Nancy L. Sohler	Assessment of a Medical Outreach Program to Improve Access to HIV Care Among Marginalized Individuals	American Journal of Public Health	October 2007	The study design involved an examination of total a of 2666 medical appointment records with unique patient identifier from CitiWide’s and Montefiore’s databases from 2003 to 2005.	The study involved collection of quantitative data on elements such as patients’ sociodemographic information, appointment date, appointment location (i.e., single-room occupancy hotel, CitiWide’s drop-in center, or Montefiore’s community clinic), medical provider to be seen, date the appointment was made, person making the appointment (i.e., medical provider or nonmedical provider), and whether the appointment was kept	416 patients	Patients kept appointments more frequently when they were walk-in or same-day appointments (compared with future appointments; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.38, 2.08), when they were at a community-based organization’s drop-in center (compared with single-room occupancy hotels; AOR=2.50; 95% CI=1.54, 4.17), or when made by nonmedical providers (compared with medical providers; future appointments: AOR=1.38; 95% CI=1.05, 1.80; same-day appointments: AOR=1.70; 95% CI=1.03, 2.81).	These findings demonstrate the importance of program-related characteristics in health services delivery to marginalized populations.

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Statistics for Health Care Research

Complete Exercise 23 and 24 in Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook.

Instructions

In order to receive full credit on calculated answers, please show your work. (Use Word’s equation editor, etc., and/or provides a short written description
as to how you obtained the final result.)

There is no minimum requirements for the number of sources you use however as a general guideline an academic paper can have 1 source per hundred words. In regards to the currency of the references, it is generally expected that sources are within 5 years published age. However if you have sourced a reference that is older than this you must demonstrate how it is relevant in your writing.

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Theories of Positivism and Social constructionism

Compare and contrast the theories of positivism and social constructionism in health studies, paying close attention to which, if any, you find most useful.

ESSAY 1500 words (allowed to exceed by 100 words max)?

Demonstrate ability to describe and explore the positivism and social constructionism in terms of their pros and cons
Demonstrate capacity to outline similarities and differences between the two theories clearly
Demonstrate an understanding of the usefulness, if any, of the two theories
Demonstrate ability to show how the theories shed light on concepts of health and illness
Demonstrate ability to write clearly and show understanding of the theories.

Your work must be:-

Word processed / typed
Size 12 font e.g. Times New Roman or Arial
Double line spaced
Right hand margin 20 mm / 0.75”
Left hand margin 40mm / 1.5”
Double sided
Page numbered from the title page in the format ‘Page 1 of 1’
Reference list – single line spacing
Appendices – single line spacing if possible
Sources for essay: Please use contemporary research from reputable journals and books. Please use Harvard open referencing

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Statistics for Health Care Research Paper

Statistics for Health Care Research

Complete Exercise 23 and 24 in Statistics for Health Care Research: A Practical Workbook.
In order to receive full credit on calculated answers, please show your work. (Use Word’s equation editor, etc., and/or provides a short written description
as to how you obtained the final result.)

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

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Ethics of Acute Care Nurse-Nursing Context

Context of Nursing – Ethics of Acute Care Nurse

1. Apply ethical, social and cultural competency to acute care Registered Nurse dealing with health care obesity in this context in Australia.
2. Demonstrate use of the electronic library databases (see pdf at the end of the page)Report what is in the literature related to obesity and nursing in Australia. In particular;

its impact on the role of the registered nurse
its impact on the scope of nursing practice
its impact on the scope of nursing practice, legal, regulatory, professional, organisational and individual factors that shape nursing practice

Acute Care in Australia, ANMC, strong emphasis will be placed on applying the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Council (ANMC) Competency Standards for the Registered Nurse, Codes of Ethics and
Professional Conduct in Australia, Scope of Practice Decision Making tools, and legislation in relation to the Nurses Act for the NSW State Territory in which you work, but also legislation relevant to your specific setting.

READ WEBSITES BEFORE STARTING ASSIGNMENT
Obesity has been identified as a major health issue of the 21st Century. It is an Australian Government priority area.

See the following websites:

3. You are required to write a report related to the impact of overweight and obesity on nursing practice in the acute care registered nurse context. You will relate this to information you have gained in either one or both of the first two topics in this course.
1: The Role of the Registered Nurse
2: The Scope of Nursing Practice
3. 4 refereed journal articles (one must be a research article) in the assessment folder.

Complete a report on the most prominent issue you have found (eg., managing heavy patients/increased length of hypodermic needles/ size of coffins/ body image depression / concern over hospital nutrition).
Must have 4 peer reviewed journal articles

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