Media Studies and Funding of Journalism in Canada Open ‘Research Paper Proposal’ attachment.
Media Studies and Funding of Journalism in Canada
– Use the research question (mandatory) and thesis statement (flexible) that I have written. Include sources present in the ‘Research Paper Proposal’ bibliography.
Media Studies and Funding of Journalism in Canada Paper Guidelines
ï Write 3000-3500 words
ï Include 10-15 sources (incl. the 3 sources in the ‘Research Paper Proposal’)
ï Use MLA format
ï Include a cover page, abstract, and bibliography
Research Question:
Which major corporations, businesses, and administrations are mainly responsible for the funding of journalism in Canada? Are there any advantages or disadvantages for these companies who use their own resources in order to reach the general public through journalism?
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In art making courses, critique is the primary pedagogical tool. The student artist presents their work to the group, which is engaged with, interrogated and interpreted. The purpose of critique isn’t simply criticism, it’s to ascertain levels of meaning (both intentional and otherwise), effectiveness in terms of technique and representation, and to provide the artist with the opportunity to articulate their intention while comparing that with the interpretations of artist peers in order to determine if they’re communicating what they think they are. This is where my dictum that good/bad and like/don’t like aren’t useful. What matters is critical engagement with the elements and operation of the work.
A common method for critique has three parts: 1) Description: Take an inventory of all the elements presented in the work, such as light, color, size, camera movement, sound, etc., 2) Interpretation: Consider what the process and the elements in that inventory suggest in terms of meanings and associations, 3) Evaluation: Determine the effectiveness of the formal techniques employed in expressing the ideas, as well as the operation, i.e. what the work is doing in terms of its over-riding action and affect.
For example, if we think of Andy Warhol’s famous Brillo boxes, the operation was a conceptual gambit to introduce commercial product design into the lexicon of high art as sculptural (found) object. It was subversive both as a critique of consumer culture and art world hierarchies of value. The work harkened back to the seminal moment of conceptualism in 1917 when Marcel Duchamp placed a white porcelain urinal on a pedestal in a Paris exhibition, called it The Fountain, signed it as R. Mutt (the manufacturer) and declared it a work of art. This was the birth of the found object, what Duchamp called a ready made. Not every artwork is ambitious, savvy or conceptual enough to contain an operation, but it’s a question that should be asked.
So pick the work of one of the following artists in the module: Nathaniel Mellors, Ryan Trecartin, Petra Cortright and Doug Aitken. Subject their work to the methodology outlined above and provide an analysis of 500+ words. Remember, a critique isn’t a review. As always, avoid simple good/bad, like/don’t-like opinions. Rather, does the piece work, does it make effective use of materials, techniques and concepts?
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It is a review of and comments on different articles
Instructions Write a short reflection paper on the key learnings that you gained from reading these six articles plus any discussions in class.
Try to synthesize all the articles for each week, rather than commenting on the articles one after the other. Donít forget to question what the authors are stating. You are allowed to disagree if you can present a different argument. Explain why you found some ideas interesting. Include a short introduction and conclusion. Note: You do NOT need to comment on Senator Simons’ presentation.
you will need to have read the following six articles:
Molyneaux, H., et al. (2014). “Social media in remote First Nation communities.” Canadian Journal of Communication 39(2): 275-288.
Carpenter, P., et al. (2013). “How women in remote and rural First Nation communities are using information and communication technologies (ICT).” Journal of Rural and Community Development 8(2): 79-97.
Brian Houston, et al. (2014). “Social media and disasters: A functional framework for social media use in disaster planning, response, and research.”
Disasters 39(1): 1-22. Plantin, J.-C. (2015). “The politics of mapping platforms: Participatory radiation mapping after the Fukushima Daiichi disaster.” Media, Culture & Society 37(6): 904ñ921.
Anne Moorhead, et. al. (2013). “A New Dimension of Health Care: Systematic Review of the Uses, Benefits, and Limitations of Social Media for Health Communication.” Journal of Medical Internet Research 15(4).
Word count: 800 -1000 words, maximum of 3 pages total
Font: Times Roman Spacing: 1.5 Margins: 1 inch
Format: flush left, ragged right
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Purpose: This assignment is your opportunity to demonstrate your ability to apply sociological terms, concepts and theories to the world around us.
Groups: This is a group assignment. To start I will place you into groups of three to four people. Of course, people may drop the class between now and the end of the semester. If that happens you will continue with the group members that are left. There is one paper that the group will produce collectively.
Topic: Come up with a research question or topic to sociologically analyze. Use the guidelines below to apply the sociological perspective to your question or topic:
Guideline Questions:
1. What is your research question or topic? Why did you choose this question or topic?
2. What sociological terms, concepts or theories from our textbook can you use to better understand your topic (from course materials)? What assumptions or expectations do you have about what you will find based on the terms, concepts or theories that you’ve used? (at least 2)
3. Find at least two examples of sociological research that addresses your question or topic:
In general, how did the researchers investigate the question or topic?
What did they find?
What are the implications of their findings?
4. Compare what you expected to find (#2) to actual research findings (#3).
5. How does sociology help us better understand the social world we live in?
Final Paper: Your paper needs to be written in APA format and 7-8 pages in length. You will upload your paper as Word document. Focus most of your attention to addressing points 2 and 3. It is worth 100 points. I will not accept late assignments. The research you use must come from peer-reviewed, academic journals.
APA Format: You will find an APA format guide in the Week Five module. Your paper needs to be in APA format. The only exception is that you do not include an abstract for his paper.
Outside Sources: Click this Link (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. to access academic journals through the WLAC Library website. Hover your cursor over “Databases” on the left menu and select “JSTOR”. You will need to enter a user name and password (there are instructions, all WLAC students have access). Once you’re in, click on “Advance Search”. You can type in keywords from your topic/questions to search for relevant articles. The last option listed on the page is the “Journal Filter”. Be sure to click on “Sociology” to limit your search to Sociology journals.
You must use peer-reviewed, academic journals. News sites (e.g., CNN, MSNBC), Wikipedia, and a simple google search are not appropriate.
My partner has finished part 2, for you to reference:
Question: What sociological terms, concepts or theories from our textbook can you use to better understand your topic (from course materials)? What assumptions or expectations do you have about what you will find based on the terms, concepts or theories that you’ve used? (at least 2)
Socialization is the process by which people accept the norms and values of the society by interacting with one another which results in both learning and teaching. It is vital for any individual to learn the norms of their culture in order to sustain in the society. Socialization is the key factor for passing on the beliefs, traditions, and values from one generation to the next. The role of media on socialization is something that can be seen only in recent times but it has become inevitable to imagine a scenario without media. The growth in technology is the reason for media to gain such importance and for it to be considered as an important aspect for socialization. The effect of media on socialization can be understood better, based on the theories of sociology.
Socialization via newspaper, books, radio, games, television and the Internet is one-sided and it offers no opportunity for two-way interaction. But socialization through these means has more influence than with personal interaction. This can be perceived based on conflict theory since the impact of media on socialization has both pros and cons. The transmission of information is very fast and far-reaching with the advent of technology and it has also become unimaginable to think socialization without the use of media. This kind of socialization transmits both good and bad information and children get to see and hear information that is not appropriate for their age. This kind of socialization can have serious consequences and this is not healthy for a society to grow and develop. But seeing the positive side of media on socialization it is easier to communicate with people across the world and interact with people belonging to varied culture and background.
The perception of media on socialization based on symbolic interactionism is another sociological concept that can be applied in this case. The use of technology itself is an act of symbolic representation of an individual’s position in society. The model of the computer owned by an individual, the brand of phone that one uses, the kind of games that one plays all indicate the social status of a person.
Technophiles are people who are fervent in using technology and with the growth in technology, the majority of the population come under the category of technophiles. Hence technology becomes a symbol of status for them. Facebook, which started, as a platform for socialization has become a symbol of status and amongst the youth, it has become a necessity in order to be on par with their peer groups. Possessing high tech gadgets, becoming members in social media groups, interacting with people across the world are all examples of symbolic interactionism. Twitter is another classic example where symbolic interactionism is evidently visible. It functions based on human interactions and it is refined through interpretation. Socialization happens when people interpret language and gestures. The number of followers in twitter reflects the fact that these followers are prepared to believe in that individual’s opinion and learn from that. It is apparent that the effect of media on socialization can be understood based on sociological concepts and can be comprehended in a better manner.
This is my part :
Question: Find at least two examples of sociological research that addresses your question or topic:
In general, how did the researchers investigate the question or topic?
What did they find?
What are the implications of their findings?
Our textbook (Free&Online) https://cnx.org/contents/02040312-72c8-441e-a685-20e9333f3e1d
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How China’s “re-education” camps were covered in the UK, US, Europe and Muslim Country Media
This is a NEWS FRAMING ANALYSIS for the module about Media Sociology and Reporting on Politics.
The Style of referencing should be – Leeds Harvard.
COMM5540M The Reporting of Politics
How the topic of China’s “re-education” camps were covered in the UK, US, Europe and Muslim Country Media?
Introduction
Currently, there is a worlwide interest in the topic of so-called Chinese re-educational camps. Consequently, there are a large volume of mass media products about Uighurs and other muslim minority crackdowns in China. The problem was firstly raised by Human Rights Organization in first decade of 2018, however, the topic gained enourmous popularity by the end of the same year. According to the report of Human Rights Watch, China’s Government “stepped up repression” against 13 million Muslims, mostly consisting of Uighurs and ethnic Kazakhs, in Xinjiang region (Human Rights Watch, 2018). But Chinese side actively denies all accusations and explains the existence of “training centers” as a part of a plan against separatism (Luu et al., 2018).
Framing theory was defined by Erving Goffman as a way of structuring an individual’s perception of society (Lanzi, 2013). Goffman explained the importance of Framing as a powerful tool to influence peoples mind, preferences and choices. That is one of the reasons why mass media outlets actively use framing. The News framing analysis directed to distinguishing particular criterias of selection and notice some repeated patterns, which also would be done in this paper. In order to have a broader view and understand media effects on people, the covering of the aforementioned topic in the mass media of the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and Muslim countries would be compared.
The main body of News framing analysis will be divided into two parts – the covering in newspapers and on TV. The first part will focus on four newspapers – The Washington Post, The Independent, Le Monde and Hurriet Daily News. In the second part I analysed materials of four Television companies – CNN, BBC, France 24 and Al-Jazeera. My choice can be justified by the fact that each of these media outlets is the major source of information with big audience and has a high impact to the public in their contries. The phrase “China’s camps” was used as a search prompt. I took 1 random article in each newspaper and 2 stories in TV (1 short story or live, 1 analytical reportage). Timeframe taming was May 2018 to current time.
The Covering in Newspapers
In this section repeated patterns in four newspapers about the situation in China are shown as well as differences. Paticularly, the various techniques namely priming, agenda-setting, framing through language choices, etc. are highlighted in the text below and supported by examples.
The Washington Post
A search for “China’s camps” on the website of The Washington Post popped up at least dozens of articles with very sensational headlines such as “China is brainwashing more than a million uighurs”, “China has put 1 million Muslims in concentration camps”, “China is expanding war on Islam”, etc. However, due to the limited access within the system of Paywalls, the editorial article through Nexis service was choosen.
In the choosen article all four functions of substantive framing can be seen (Entman, 2004). The authors define conditions of the situation as problematic by concrete headline (Anon, 2018) and expressions such as “massive indocrination”, “interment drive”, “crisis”, “crisis against an entire people”. The paper ignores the official call “re-education centres” and replace it by “concentration camps”, “spartan camps”, etc. Strong words namely “repression”, “punishing” “imprisonment”, “ubiquitous surveillance system”, “harassing Uighurs”, “jails”, etc. also contributes to shaping certain image about the situation in Xinjang. Preventing actions against terrorism and extremism identified as causes of the problem. However, the author express personal opinion saying that the official Chinese version does not make any sense. An element of moral judgement can be seen at the end of article (“Trump administration has done little”, “United States did not join. It should”, “United States should stand with other liberal democracies”). From the paper’s editorial perspective, there are several solutions: to legislate The Uighur Human Rights Policy Act of 2018; to create a US special coordinator in China who make the Chinese Governent accountable to the violations of human rights; and to sanction the companies, that provide specific technical equipment for Chinese side. The latter also exemplifies the last function of substantive framing – endorsing remedies (Entman, 2004).
Thus, strongly condemned and subjective policy of The Washington Post towards China’s Government exists.
The Independent
The situation in China was presented to the British audience by many media outlets. But for this analysis The Independent was chosen due to their self-claimed “politically independent” direction in covering of all events.
Entman (2004) emphasyse in his book about Framing Theory that the conflicts and developments in foreign affairs are the most interesting. Obviously, the stuff of The Independent aware about it. Because the headline of choosen article (Shih and Kang, 2018) is the most sensational and provocative in comparison with other three (“Muslims forced to drink alcohol and eat pork in China’s “re-education” camps, former inmate claims”). The authors put first the information about suicide attemptings of the interviewed person. The Chinese official side stated later on in two small paragraphs, while the overall word count of this article is 3400. Unbalanced proportion, according to the framing technique, might be motivated by the desire to prioritize the “victim’s” side and neglect the side of “villains”. Whole article is constructed on the testimonies of three people.
As the The Washington Post, the scale of the situation definied by The Independent as enourmous and urgent. The claims of experts such as “the largest mass incarceration”, “cultural cleansing”, “the worst human rights violations in history” was provided repeatedly. What distinguishes this article from other three is concentration on tiny details and ingenious use of literary techniques. For instance, “Mr Bekali, who broke down in tears”, “the sound of misery”, “many people will never recover”, “the saddest experience of life”, “a knife cut a hole in my chest”, etc. Authors also provided offensive phrases of camps instructors about Uighur women, description of the types of punishment and the inner psychological conditions of “detainees”.
Overall, this article helps British audience to adopt vision of the situation in China as a total injustice, fear, despair, and helplessness.
Le Monde
For the analysis of the Europian perspective on “China’s camps” the French Newspaper Le Monde has choosen. The reason for that the outstanding history of French press amongs other Europeans (Benson, 2010) and strong trust of french people to this media outlet.
Despite the existence of some elements of framing in Le Monde, the coverage of China’s “vocational” camps in choosen article (Anon, 2018) is well-balanced and objective. The author does not escalate the ‘crisis’, although the secrecy of “cleansing mission” can be seen between the lines and thanks to visual materials. The first photo illustrates two chinese policemen, one of them is raising the hand and trying to obstruct the work of photo-correspondents; the second one is holding a firearm. Other visual materials, such as a map and a photo from the protest in Turkey, are rather informative, rather negative.
The language use is more balanced, discreet. The author does not overuse strong expressions, all references to camps put in the quotation marks and mostly named as “secret internment camps”. The background explanation and motives of Chinese Government are also provided. The aithor also added the position of the US and EU, the latter has decided to stop deportation of illegal Migrants-Uighurs to the China until the situation will be changed.
Nevertheless, some strong expressions such as “torture” and “brainwashing” were mentioned.
Hurriyet Daily News
Despite the fact that situation with Uighurs crackdown was widely reported on Western and European countries, the mass media of Middle East countries remained silent. Turkish officials broke media silence in October 2018, they admitted the “problematic” situation in China and encouraged Arab countries to cover it. Due to the limited number of newspapers are covering the main topic, the Hurriyet Daily News has been choosen for analysis.
The coverage of Chinese “re-education” camps in Hurriyet Daily News can heardly been considered as an objective and professional case. Because the main difference of Turkish media that they frame the governmental bodies of both countries as “villains” – Chinese side for “harassing” the human rights of Muslim minority and Turkish side for double standarts. Because the newspaper expecting from Turkish government the discontinuation of the cooperation with China. However, the situation with uighurs itself are neglected. Thus, it seems to be that the journalists of this newspaper trying to set up a clear agenda and push Turkish Government to stop all projects with China.
To sum up, the comparison of four newspapers revealed that the headlines and the beginning of all newspapers have the same elements of negativity towards China. However, they have used different visual imaginery. The framing techniques were widely used in American and British press, while the French Press has provided the most balanced vision of the choosen event.
The Covering on Television
This part considers similarities and differencies in the covering of the main topic by paying specific attention to the headlines, the visual materials, the tone of voiceovers, the questions and comments of TV-hosts before or after the material, language choice, etc.
CNN
On the web-site of an American Cable News Network (CNN) channel can be found around eight materials about China’s camp. Both choosen news stories for this analysis exemplify a clear framing approach of news coverage.
From the perspective of journalistic professionalism, CNN provides the information in a bias and subjective way. The evidence for that personal opinion of a host, that is expressed during Live with Reuters journalist, or leading questions to him (CNN Live, 2018). For example, she notes that the clip from the camps demonstrates a “weird surreal moment”. She also asks about to what extent the actions of Uighurs are staged or do the Chinese Government honestly believe that the centers are educational and effective. Hence, she is sowing the seeds of doubts in audience minds. During this Live a grimace of host’s face (CNN Live, 2018, 00:03:57-00:04:01) is another clear sign of framing.
The second analytical reportage of CNN is different from the materials of other channels in a number of important details. First of all, it has very sensational headline – “Uighur refugee describes horror inside Chinese camps”. Secondly, the author puts first the information about alleged deaths of baby and other detainees. Thirdly, the tone of author’s voice always changes when he notes the official version of China (CNN, 2019, 00:00:23-00:00:25; 00:00:32-00:00:35), which supported by the grimace on the face of author. Moreover, there is a plenty of very strong and emotional expressions such as “three years of nightmare”, “torture”, “this is part of much larger frightnening pattern”, “the climate of fear”, “desperate appeal on youtube”, “incarceration”, “they are terrified”, “a lot of prisoners die in detention”, and so on. The camps themselves are referred to as “internment camps”, “jail”, and “prison”. Finally, the reportaje was finished by strong phrase about China’s Government that allegedly killed the baby. Accordingly, all these factors frame the situation in China as a terrible tragedy and total despair, where the officials are “killers”.
BBC
In contrast to CNN, the covering of main topic by British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) seems more trustworthy. Because in addition to Uighurs testimonies and expert’s opinion BBC provided the satellite photographs, the statistics of building processes in China for the last several months, the official noticies on the doors of missing uigurs, etc (BBC News, 2018). The language use is more discreet; the journalists refers to the camps as “hidden camps”.
However, British channel also failed to provide well-balanced and full vision of the event in China. The personal opinion of journalist is expressed at the beginning of the story (“but it looks more like a prison”, “they do not want to see”, “grim details”, etc.). The local police forces interrupting the process of journalist’s work and blocking the way “to the truth” were repeatedly shown five times in material that lasts less than 5 minutes. (BBC News, 2018, 00:00:03 – 00:00:05; 00:00:06 – 00:00:09; 0:01:30 – 00:01:35; 00:02:34 – 00:02:45; 00:04:21 – 00:04:32). Another noticeable fact is the number of detained Uighurs. In contrast to other Channels that reported about 1 million and above “inmates”, the BBC told about 8 million people (BBC News, 2018, 00:01:50-00:01:55). In addition, the author develops a large scale of event by next expressions – “expanded on the massive scale”, “it is a part of something much bigger”, “it could be one of the biggest detentional facilities in the world”. The second analytical reportage mostly used the anxious sound effects and special deep cold voice-tone of the author, reminding the horror movie, in order to convey worried and unpleasant emotions. The language use of the second story is more concrete and harsh – “monster’s crime is taking place”, “the massive concentration”, “it could be an astonishing figure”, “the Chinese government cannot deny the shots from the space”, “The chinese Gulag”; “detainees” described as robots, that have lost their souls or lost their memory after car crush (BBC Newsnight, 2018). The journalist also put the interview with alleged “inmate” that describes the types of torture in details (BBC Newsnight, 2018, 00:06:12 – 00:06:29). Special attention should be payed to the last sentence of the material about China, that “has gone back to the harshest cruelties of German time, to mass incarceration, torture and brainwashing”. After the material the TV-host provides the version of Chinese Embassy, that after reportage will likely be perceived as a complete lie. Thus, there is no doubts that BBC is setting up a clear agenda…
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Impact of Metoo Movement on Media and Politics Today, we will begin work on Assignment #3, which will be a proposal and annotated bibliography for the final paper. Please take you through the process of posing a question, exploring a conversation, finding sources, and developing your ideas. You will find that this produces a richer understanding of the topic, and in the end, better writing.
Impact of Metoo Movement on Media and Politics
Assignment #3, the Research Proposal and Annotated Bibliography, will be worth 20% of your final grade. It will include the research proposal, which is a 2,000-word description of the project you will take on for your research paper. It will also include the annotated bibliography which is a list of the sources you are using, a written explanation of why you have chosen each
one and how you plan to use it in your final paper, and the citation for the ource. You must least five sources, one of which will be a peer-reviewed scholarly source and one from a database.
Quotes in this proposal must have in text citations. The Annotated Bibliography is our references page.
A description of your research question or problem. Write this so someone outside our class could read and understand it. Explain your question. Why is it interesting? What makes it a difficult question to answer? What groups or types of people might be interested in the question? Will it be possible to answer the question, or are you looking for a perspective or way of thinking about it? 3 – 4 paragraphs.
A description of the scholarly conversation around your question or problem. Who are the major researchers with ideas related to this question? Who are the scholars whose writing you have chosen to work with? How do these scholars’ ideas? How will the work help you answer your research question? You can Quote from your scholarly source as you answer these questions. 2 – 3 paragraphs
Data/examples/sources. What specific examples or data will you use and analyze in your paper? Who gathered/created/investigated/wrote/measured it? Why did you choose it? How will it help you answer your research question? Quote from at least one source as you answer these questions. 2 – 3 paragraphs
Impact of Metoo Movement on Media and Politics Directions
Assignment #3
Research Proposal and Annotated Bibliography
Key concepts for your paper. What ideas will help you analyze your specific example? Explain at least one concept. How will it help you answer your research question? Quote from at least one source. 2 – 3 paragraphs
Annotated bibliography. Include at least five sources, one of which must be a scholarly, peer-reviewed source and one must be from a database. For each source write a brief description of the source and how you intend to use it.
Also see section R3-e in A Writer’s Reference.
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Reich did a really good job of laying it all out in this film, the implications of economic inequality for society today are very concerning. However, it is worth pointing out that things have changed some in the short period since the film was produced. In what ways did the film affirm or challenge what you were taught about equal opportunity and the American Dream?
The Website for the Film contains the “Graphics Package” in there you can see all the various graphs, charts and pictures- this is where you WILL find the virtuous cycle and the vicious cycle: http://inequalityforall.com
First I want you to give me a brief personal reflection or reaction to the film- What parts of the film were surprising or made you sit back and say, Hmmm, I need to think more about that? Or, Wow, I never thought about that” (citing specific things that you remember from the film that had an impact on you or that stuck out to you) and tell why you were surprised or inspired to think further on it.
Second, explain the difference between the Vicious Cycle and the Virtuous Cycle and what does it mean for the society to suffer from the vicious cycle? How do we ensure that we are prospering under a virtuous cycle?
Finally, what do you think most Americans don’t realize about income inequality? What kind of difference do you think it would make if they did have this information?
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Please focus on the things that made the difference in spreading the news or an idea to the American society and give a summary on each section like:
Telegraph
Television
Newspaper
Radio
Film/ the silent era, pornography and how people react to that and racism in early days. And discretion in movies.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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Watch these links and include some basic details: the
name of the anchor, the network he/she works for,
the stories covered. Then analyze and compare the shows:
What did you like? What did you not like? Did you think heir choice of stories made sense? How were the stories different? How were the approaches different? What show did you prefer? Why? What anchor did you prefer?
Why? Are they doing what I’ve been telling you to do?
Are they following good broadcast writing style?
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Develop your argument; keep linking to your point in your intro. With recent worry about mass shootings and gun violence in the United States, one of the questions that always comes up is whether violent media promotes violent or aggressive behavior. This is something that is especially important to think about for parents, as violent content is common on television and in movies, on the internet, and in some of the most popular children’s video games.
