1. What is the long term business strategy for HuStream? In which areas should the business model be directed? You may use any appropriate business model to analyze their business.
2. How should HuStream’s co-founders seek the funding needed to support their company’s growth? Discuss the revenue model.
3. What partnership model should the co-founders pursue to promote the use of digital ecosystems to enhance their customers experiences and value propositions
4. Describe the IT platform HuStream has developed to date. Is this platform aligned to HuStream’s business strategy? If so, how has the user experience helped or hindered?
5. What principles of strategic execution should HuStream use?
SAMPLE ANSWER
Hustream Technologies Interactive Video
Question 1: What is the long term business strategy for HuStream? In which areas should the business model be directed? You may use any appropriate business model to analyze their business.
Every business is expected to have a short and long-term strategy to remain steadfast in its operation. The long-term business strategy for HuStream is to render quality services that meet customers’ expectation. The company has a number of areas that they can direct their business model. One of the areas is entertainment. Others includes education, hospitality and tourism, automotive, advertising, athletics, landscaping, oil and gas, employee training, computer software, weddings, online dating, casinos, real estates, athletic and sports, online tutorial, and vlogging also known as video blogging among many others (Ivey, 2014). An appropriate business model that can make the company accrue profits will guide the selection of a lucrative area. Per episode fee model is appropriate to help the firm generate revenues through entertainment option while in per video profit model will be appropriate in the education area. Therefore, the company stands a higher chance to accrue more revenue by adoption the revenue model.
Question 2: How should HuStream’s co-founders seek the funding needed to support their company’s growth? Discuss the revenue model.
Funding is required to spearhead the growth of the company. The co-founder therefore seeks this funding through revenue model approach. The co-founder should provide a detailed account of how the company plans to accrue its income and strategies that it will use to generate profits. The pricing details of its services and the modalities it will use to attract customers should be provided to provide an insight of the capability of the company to make profits and generate revenue in future (Dasgupta, 2013). The co founder should as well come up with sales projections over a certain period. The revenue of the company may be recurring from the repeat or loyal clients. Providing services to various customers, as schools and entertainment industry will enable the firm to have stable streams of revenue hence will enable the company to carry on with its projects. Other source of revenue for the company could be transactional which includes services the company will be selling on a continuous basis to its clients.
Question 3: What partnership model should the co-founders pursue to promote the use of digital ecosystems to enhance their customers experiences and value propositions
Various partnership models exist that cofounder can pursue to promote the use of digital ecosystems to enhance customer experience and value propositions. In this scenario, the suitable model is concurrent model. Partnership should incorporate different individuals that will be able to offer different programs or services to different groups of people to enhance and expand service delivery (Ivey, 2014). Currently, the demand of the customers is huge and this requires hiring of specialized individual to come and help with service rendering. The company is also expected to liaise with other stakeholders as well as financial institutions, to request for financial assistance. This model is therefore suitable in this scenario as it goes an extra mile to save costs.
Question 4: Describe the IT platform HuStream has developed to date. Is this platform aligned to HuStream’s business strategy? If so, how has the user experience helped or hindered?
HuStream IT platform under operation has the capacity to operate globally through internet with the aid of cloud computing. Through this cloud computing, customers can access and use and even build own interactive materials the way they see fit. Clients are required to login the cloud and create their own content that meets their needs. This cloud is protected by Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) security (Ivey, 2014). Therefore, there is a guaranteed protection from the intruders. The functionality and new features provide users and customers with unique experience. Users such as students and teachers have the ability to customize some of the buttons on the websites to ensure that they achieve user experience (Ivey, 2014). The company therefore focused on production of videos at a small fee. The service based model business focused on video production and in ensuring that customers het high quality video production services.
Question 5: What principles of strategic execution should HuStream use?
For HuStream to achieve its objectives it needs to apply various principles of strategic execution (Pal & Pantaleo, 2008). This is important in setting the pace of what the company will achieve. One of the principles is to dialogue with the client partners to help in definition of objectives and criteria of success. It is important to begin by thinking about the brand and the client partners to define success criteria. The partners should collaborate and agree on what will constitute as a successful campaign. The company should also consider the program performance indicators to ensure that the performance of the company is assessed at the conclusion of the project to help measure success. Since objectives of the business do vary, program performance indicators as well tend to vary from one company to another. Another principle is to gain in-depth understanding of both internal and external landscape that the services or the brand competes, understanding the company position and status as well as the environment enlightens the business person on the various aspects that affect smooth operation of the business.
Furthermore, before execution is prudent to think about consumer insights (Radomska, 2014). Consumer should provide their views and express their emotions and rational engagement about them and these insights will inform how the company will implement or develop the campaign. The next principle requires that that the service provided exemplifies creativity and innovation. The services should resonate and meet the expectations of the company. The services should also engage the customers through different platforms such as digital touch among other to create positive consumer experience.
The bonds are bought by the US market because they aid in ensuring the market has the right funds that are needed for use in carrying out developments and the creation of the right infrastructure.The projects that create job opportunities are started by the bonds acquired by the United States government thus, it implies bonds are of great use in the emerging governmental projects(Hillier et al, 2014).The bonds are of high use as they are well useful in maintaining of quality life to the US citizens, their well-being and in turn leading to increase in the US competitiveness with other markets.The US government issues bonds as they an approximation of a theoretical risk-free currency that has to be maintained at the right standards. The cost of infrastructure renovation is lowered by the purchase bond issued by the government,and this also happens in case of new business.Bridges, transportation systems and roads are built by the use of bonds that is collected by the US government. There are power plants that are used to heat the homes of the citizens and are known to be constructed by the use of the bonds.The company that has acquired the use of debenture and mortgage bonds, will have high bond rating in the side of debentures. This is because debenture bond in a business are more risker than any other type of bond and their maturities are short following that debenture bonds are not secured debts.First mortgage bonds will be of high interest as it is secured despite it having long term returns on investment(Hillier et al, 2014).I would prefer to use the mortgage bond because it is a secured bond with long maturities and do away with unsecured debts like in the case of debentures, which only benefit from shorter maturities,which do not last.
References
Hillier, D., Clacher, I., Ross, S., Westerfield, R., Jordan, B., (2014). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance.McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2 edition
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Review the information on your state’s Department of Education website regarding state curriculum standards. ( My state is Florida)
Select one content standard objective from curriculum standards.
Develop an assessment plan that addresses a strand, concept, and performance objectives to align with the state curriculum standard. Ensure that your plan relates directly to the standard.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Aligning Assessments to Standards
Florida like any other states has established curriculum standards for as an initiative to promote learning. The standards of learning are expected to remain high to ensure that learners gain knowledge at every level of their learning (Florida Department of Education, 2015).
One of the Florida curriculum standards is the Florida Voluntary Prekindergarten education Standards that comprehensively covers on maths concepts as well as applications Florida Department of Education, 2015).
This assessment plan focuses on mathematical thinking for PK
The assessment is on number sense
The concepts the child is assessed to determine his/her proficiency in number sense may include:
To demonstrate understanding of one to one correspondence
The child is required to demonstrate one to one correspondence through counting
The child counts dots up to four
The child cunts objects up to four
The child counts shapes up to four
The child counts up to six
The child counts objects up to six
The child counts shapes up to six
He child counts dots up to ten
The child counts objects up to ten
The child counts shapes up to ten
On one on one correspondence the child should determine whether two sets are equal
Determines whether they are same determines whether they are different and lastly determines those that are same and different
The child should show understanding of how to construct sets and to count
The child need to count sets in a range of five to ten objects
The child counts shapes up to 5
The child counts dots up to five
The child counts objects up to five
The child should now make sets in range of five to ten
This assessment plan will help to determine whether the child understands concepts in mathematics specifically on number sensing. The performance of the child is then assessed based on the states proficiency state standards.
References
Florida Department of Education. (2015). About us. Retrieved from: http://www.fldoe.org/
This will be the beginning of a very long paper that will come in parts every week, it is important that the writer stick to the instructions and read carefully every detail. For this week the writer will just be preparing the (SSP) proposal which will have to be approved first before other parts of the paper can be added. The writer may use the same company that was use in the paper with reference #112472 of my previous paper. The writer must detail respond to all the points raise below in the questions. Also take note that they will be a template for this paper that the writer will follow strictly, written directly on it following the instructions that are clearly giving. For this week the writer will not need the template as we are still in the process of approving the proposal.
Sustainable Solutions Paper (SSP) Proposal.
There is little question that the global business landscape in the 21st century is different from the landscape of the 20th century. Companies that have been in existence for nearly the entire 20th century are now out of business. Camera maker Eastman Kodak was one of many such companies who did not develop a sustainable business model that would allow it to adapt to a changing environment.
Modern consumers are increasingly demanding that organizations not only meet the needs of those they serve today but also the needs of future generations. In order to survive, organizations must develop a sustainable model that incorporates social responsibility. Studies, such as those by Kanzah (2013), show that companies who adopt sustainability practices that address environmental issues, societal issues, and workforce development positively impact short-term efficiency and operations management. These organizations also reduce risk. Such results indicate that developing an organizational sustainability strategy is not a moral obligation but also a business imperative.
To prepare, begin by thinking about the organization you have chosen that could benefit from applying both the concepts of sustainability and strategic thinking for which you would like to create a sustainable solution. Review the Senge course text. Identify an issue that interests you that may provide an “opportunity hook” into exploring the underlying systemic relationships and business models that Senge argues may be unsustainable.
Prepare and submit approximately a 2-paragraph SSP proposal. In your proposal,
identify the organization you have selected and provide background on its history and present position within its industry.
Be sure to identify two of the organization’s main competitors.
Then specify its relevance for study, place the organization in the context of the course, providing supporting evidence/reference(s). Use proper APA citation(s), grammar.
Resources.
Readings
• Harvard Business School Press. (2005). Strategy: Create and implement the best strategy for your business. Boston, MA: Author.
o “Introduction” (pp. xi–xxi)
The Introduction to the text presents the ideas of strategy creation and implementation. The book defines strategy and illustrates and contrasts it against the term “business model.” It outlines business strategy as a process, moving from the establishment of goals to the implementation of those goals. The Introduction ends with an overview of the remainder of the text from Chapter 1 through Chapter 9.
• Senge, P., Smith, B., Kruschwitz, N., Laur, J., & Schley, S. (2008). The necessary revolution: Working together to create a sustainable world. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
o Chapter 1, “A Future Awaiting Our Choices” (pp. 3–13)
In this chapter, the authors introduce readers to the idea that the Industrial Revolution is coming to a close. The authors assert that ways of thinking, being, and consuming that many have grown accustomed to are now being called into question. They begin to suggest that new ideas are emerging to solve the new challenges surfacing in our world. This resource is useful for completing your SSP Proposal and your SSP in the coming weeks.
o Chapter 9, “Positioning for the Future and the Present” (pp. 119–139)
The authors present several approaches in this chapter. They suggest breaking sustainable value into four quadrants—providing a framework within which today’s companies can evaluate their strategies and project the payoff of making changes. Throughout the chapter, the authors provide examples of companies who are succeeding in the present while positioning their businesses to meet the needs of the future in this quickly changing environment. This resource is useful for completing your SSP Proposal and your SSP in the coming weeks.
o Chapter 11, “Building Your Case for Change” (pp. 157–164)
In this chapter, Senge et al. (2008) provides strategies for communicating change and soliciting “buy-in” from decision makers. They revisit the sustainable value matrix from Chapter 9 and outline specific steps for building consensus. This resource is useful for completing your SSP Proposal and your SSP in the coming weeks.
• Millar, V.E. & Porter, M. E. (1985, July–August). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63, 149–160..
In this seminal work, Porter and Miller (1985) articulate the strategic significance of the information revolution on competitive advantage. While the aspects of this article related to information technology may now seem dated, the core management principles are still very much in use today. Focus on the Exhibits as they relate to your understanding of the analysis of value chains for use in this week’s paper
• NetMBA. (2010). The value chain. Retrieved August 6, 2013, from http://www.netmba.com/strategy/value-chain
The site briefly introduces the value chain concepts and the value chain’s relationship to cost and differentiation strategies. The site also identifies technologies that can be employed in many value chain activities. The site stresses the importance of linkages between value chain activities and analyzing these interrelationships. It explains the outsourcing of activities and the development of value systems.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Sustainable Solutions Paper (SSP) Proposal
Apple Inc., is one of the most world influential and popular company. The company deals in production of computers and communication gadgets such as iPhone, iPod, Smartphones among many others. The company pioneer and founder Steve Jobs started the company together with Steve Wozniak. (Apple Case Study, 2012). The company has grown and expanded over the years to its status. The leadership was visionary and valued its customers. Creativity and innovation of the leaders and employees as well contributed to its success (Millar & Porter, 1985). The position of the company is to meet the needs and tastes of the customers. The company ensures that it produces products that are of high quality and innovative. Furthermore, the company has invested more in training and development and research and development to ensure future sustainability.
The company has a number of competitors that compete for the same markets. Competitors as well deal in similar products hence reducing the market share of the company. Some of these competitors include, Nokia and IBM (Sahoo, 2012). Therefore, this company is important in this study, as it will help to understand the strategies employed to remains sustainable in this competitive markets. It will also provide insights on how it creates its values and how it can even do better by adapting to other strategies
References
Apple Case Study (2012). Apple Inc.: The Steve Jobs Effect. The Steve Jobs Effect, 1-16
Millar, V., & Porter, M. (1985). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63, 149–160.
For this paper, the writer will have to chose a company base on the instructions provided. It is critical that the writer pay special attention to all the details of this paper, because the writer will have to use the same information for another paper that’s due subsequently as noted in the assignment details. I will upload the template mentioned in the paper for the writer to have an idea of what the subsequent paper will look like so as to guide her in choosing the company for this paper. I will also upload additional instructions to help the writer in choosing the company for this paper as it will be a continues assignment and every detail will count from day one. Hear below the writer will follow the detail instructions to respond to the questions raise after the scenario , and will end by asking a question as also mentioned in the instructions as one other pear will have to in turn respond to that in class. The paper will have a 4 paragraphs in two pages as mentioned in the instructions. It is critical that the writer follow all the detail instructions as any missteps will jeopardize the entire paper .
Value Chains Analysis
Consider the following scenario:
Miguel owns a Mexican restaurant. He has well-established relationships with local suppliers and has fresh produce delivered daily. Carefully trained cooks craft authentic Mexican food in state-of-the-art kitchen using a well-refined and systematic process. They interact seamlessly with fast, friendly wait staff who typically deliver food in fifteen minutes or less to hungry customers. Customers come in large numbers for good food at a good price. Miguel carefully tracks customer preferences to alter menus and offer specials.
Despite being a small business, Miguel has successfully coordinated various internal activities and established external relationships in ways that create value for his customers.
A well-functioning work team carefully assesses the strengths and weaknesses of each team member, assigning activities to leverage their individual strengths. However, team members also carefully coordinate tasks to ensure they combine their individual efforts in effective ways. Effective organizations do the same by carefully selecting a strategy that maximizes the strengths in performing various activities. They exploit relationships between internal activities to create a chain of activities that maximizes the value of their product or service for customers. Companies large and small can derive additional benefit from combining a strong internal value chain with those of external partners to establish a value system.
To prepare, select a company with which you are very familiar or for which you can easily obtain information.
You may wish to use the organization you are thinking of proposing for the Sustainable Solutions Paper (SSP), which you will complete throughout the course. This would allow you to re-purpose information from this paper for a portion of your SSP. If you wish to take advantage of this opportunity, please review the SSP template located in this week’s Learning Resources to ensure the organization you choose for this paper also satisfies the SSP requirements. Review this week’s Learning Resources, particularly Exhibit 1 in Porter and Millar’s article “How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage.” You can use this chart to guide your value chain analysis for this paper.
Write a minimum of, 3–4 paragraph response (2 pages). Briefly describe the organization you selected and the industry in which it is located.
Explain the concept of value chain and its impact on business strategy.
Next, explain how technology impacts a value chain.
Apply Value Chain Analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses in areas of the value chain for the organization you selected.
Describe the linkages (relationships) between the areas, and explain the strategic significance of the organization’s value chain in terms of the larger value system.
Extend the conversation by identifying implications for practice or research, as well as for your own research agenda, where appropriate. Be sure to integrate one or two new related and engaging questions that will extend the discussion about your paper in constructive ways.
Try to think of a question(s) that will engage your peers in critical analysis and thinking about your organization, which may provide insight for your use as you continue preparing your sections of the major Week 4 Sustainable Solutions Paper (SSP) due in this course.
Resources
Readings
• Harvard Business School Press. (2005). Strategy: Create and implement the best strategy for your business. Boston, MA: Author.
o “Introduction” (pp. xi–xxi)
The Introduction to the text presents the ideas of strategy creation and implementation. The book defines strategy and illustrates and contrasts it against the term “business model.” It outlines business strategy as a process, moving from the establishment of goals to the implementation of those goals. The Introduction ends with an overview of the remainder of the text from Chapter 1 through Chapter 9.
• Senge, P., Smith, B., Kruschwitz, N., Laur, J., & Schley, S. (2008). The necessary revolution: Working together to create a sustainable world. New York, NY: Broadway Books.
o Chapter 1, “A Future Awaiting Our Choices” (pp. 3–13)
In this chapter, the authors introduce readers to the idea that the Industrial Revolution is coming to a close. The authors assert that ways of thinking, being, and consuming that many have grown accustomed to are now being called into question. They begin to suggest that new ideas are emerging to solve the new challenges surfacing in our world. This resource is useful for completing your SSP Proposal and your SSP in the coming weeks.
o Chapter 9, “Positioning for the Future and the Present” (pp. 119–139)
The authors present several approaches in this chapter. They suggest breaking sustainable value into four quadrants—providing a framework within which today’s companies can evaluate their strategies and project the payoff of making changes. Throughout the chapter, the authors provide examples of companies who are succeeding in the present while positioning their businesses to meet the needs of the future in this quickly changing environment. This resource is useful for completing your SSP Proposal and your SSP in the coming weeks.
o Chapter 11, “Building Your Case for Change” (pp. 157–164)
In this chapter, Senge et al. (2008) provides strategies for communicating change and soliciting “buy-in” from decision makers. They revisit the sustainable value matrix from Chapter 9 and outline specific steps for building consensus. This resource is useful for completing your SSP Proposal and your SSP in the coming weeks.
• Millar, V.E. & Porter, M. E. (1985, July–August). How information gives you competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 63, 149–160..
In this seminal work, Porter and Miller (1985) articulate the strategic significance of the information revolution on competitive advantage. While the aspects of this article related to information technology may now seem dated, the core management principles are still very much in use today. Focus on the Exhibits as they relate to your understanding of the analysis of value chains for use in this week’s paper
The site briefly introduces the value chain concepts and the value chain’s relationship to cost and differentiation strategies. The site also identifies technologies that can be employed in many value chain activities. The site stresses the importance of linkages between value chain activities and analyzing these interrelationships. It explains the outsourcing of activities and the development of value systems.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Value Chains Analysis
Sustainability is one of the concepts that is gaining more approval in most of businesses across the world. Companies deal in different areas of production and they are required to remain sensitive to the environment even as they carry out their activities to be sustainable even in the future. The paper focuses on the Apple Inc.,. This company is in the industry of communication technology. The pioneer of the company was Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak. They developed their first computer in 1976 (Apple Case Study, 2012). The company continued to expand and grow and currently it is one of the most popular brands. The company is renowned for its creative and innovation products such as iPods, iPhone, Smartphone’s and many others. The company CEO Steve Job worked hard and remained visionary enabling the Apple Inc., to be one of the world influential and successful companies.
Value chain is a concept that most firms employ to create value. Is the set of activities that an entity carries out in order to create value for its customers hence, instrumental in creating competitive advantage (Millar & Porter, 1985). The value chain consists of various activities categorized as support activities and primary activities. The supporting activities includes human resource management, procurement and technology development while primary activity includes inbound logistics, operations , outbound logistics , marketing and sales and services (Millar & Porter, 1985). These activities are important as they contribute to firms’ creation of value. Value chain impacts on a business strategy as they provide impetus for the business to achieve its goals (Millar & Porter, 1985). For instance, a firm is expected to carry out sales and marketing of its products to ensure that it succeeds. Therefore, value chain acts as a catalyst in achieving these objectives and goals. Technology has become important in the functioning and operations of business. Technology impacts on value chain in various ways. One of the ways is that it ensures good management and processing of information in an entity. Information is critical as it provides avenues for an entity to improve in its operations (Buciuni & Mola, 2014). Technology is important in protecting the knowledge base of the company as well. This is important as it plays a key role in creating value. Technology as is also important in reducing costs of information technology ensuring the firm stays current with advancements in technologies and maintains technical excellence.
The company has a number of strengths as well as weaknesses. The company understands the impact of employees. It has therefore put in place appropriate mechanisms that ensure hiring of the right employees. The HRM is up to the task as employees are treated well and motivated contributing to its success. Teamwork and unity have helped to enhance creativity and innovation. The company is also up to date in terms of technological advancement. Technology has played a key role in its success. It has reduced costs of doing business. The company has as well established infrastructure that facilitates its operations. The company as well as values its customers and this has contributed to its success. The loyalty of its customer has enabled it to climb to the tip (Sahoo, 2012). Some of the weaknesses are challenges in procurement. The company faces challenges when it comes to its suppliers who are not reliable. The source of raw materials is also higher affecting its operations.
Various areas in the organization value chain links. For instance, the shipped in raw materials are transformed to output. The finished products are then delivered to customers. Marketing and sales are carried out to persuade and seduce customer to buy them (Cravens, Piercy & Baldauf, 2009). The company has put mechanisms in place to ensure that customer receive quality products and can return defective products if purchased. This value chain therefore is important to the organization as a whole. It has enabled the organization to expand and be in operations in various countries. The profit margins of the organization have as well increased tremendously over the years. The company has also managed to engage in corporate social responsibility impacting lives of many people. Therefore, this research is important as it enhances understanding of the significance of value chain. It as well provides insights to various activities of value chain and how it can impact business strategy. As I finish, the question that everyone should ponder about is, What can leadership of an organization do to ensure that an organization promotes sustainability initiatives as they create value.
References
Apple Case Study (2012). Apple Inc.: The Steve Jobs Effect. The Steve Jobs Effect, 1-16
The purpose of the Final Project is to apply the concepts and techniques of the module to the analysis of real-world situations or problems. Students are expected to use diverse sources of information and to carry out an original analysis rather than summarise or rehash existing work. Students are encouraged to use situations and data from their own experience where possible.
IMPORTANT NOTE: Please follow the following instructions exactly one by one as each point is very important. And please don’t deviate from these points.
1) You are required to complete a course project that provides an investigation of outstanding examples of leadership, providing an analysis of the leaders’ styles and effectiveness.
2)In Week 5, you needed to choose two leaders (living or deceased) that you will research with regards to their leadership traits, styles, ability to inspire change, etc.( the file for week 5 is attached)
3)The analysis and evaluation of these leadership examples must be based on the concepts you have acquired throughout the module.
4)You should then provide an analysis and evaluation of the information and insights from your journal entries against the research you conducted on the two exemplary leaders.
5)The goal is to connect what you have learned through research to your everyday and professional life. The Final Project is due this week and should follow the given outline:
1.Analysis and evaluation of Leader #1
2.Analysis and evaluation of Leader #2
3.Comparison of the leaders
4.Summary of significant findings and perspectives from journal entries
5.Analysis and evaluation of journal entries to chosen leaders
6.Conclusion
6)Your Final Project should also include a section on how and where you obtained the information sources.
7)This project should follow a structured approach and should be prepared and presented as a professional business report.
8)Completion of the Final Project will require a thorough understanding and application of business leadership concepts.
9)The experience of these two people must relates to your own insights.( I work as an airline pilot)
10)In the brief to summaries your journal entries in relation to both leaders which you have not done. Please take care to do this in the final project.
11)You need to justify comparison between both leaders in relation to your own situation. (I work as an airline pilot)
12)Leadership issues are presented in somewhat general terms and again there would need to be closer alignment with your own situation. (I work as an airline pilot)
13)Again, please bear your word limit in mind and please be careful not to reproduce material from (project outline) file that is attached below.
14)To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached
15)The following sources MUST be used in the annotated outline PLUS to use extra sources:
The following are the data sources that I intend to use in this study.
Bass, BM 2009, From Transactional to Transformational Leadership. Albany, NY: Free Press.
Pasmore, W. (2014) Developing a Leadership Strategy: A Critical Ingredient for Organizational Success. White Paper, Centre for Creative Leadership
Marx, T 2013, ‘Teaching Leadership and Strategy’, Business Education Innovation Journal, Vol. 5 no. 2, pp. 12-19.
Lang, R, & Rybnikova, I. (2012). Leadership is Going Global.
Malcolm, G. (2002). The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference. Boston: Back Bay Books.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
Over time, there have been several leadership models with some proving to be valid and instructive in meeting the demands of the people. With the world changing so first and globalization taking drastic turns in shaping the behaviors of people, leadership is becoming a requirement in every organization. People cannot be lead the same way they were over the past centuries if an organization wants to obtain optimal performance. Leadership has to be contextualized to fit into the current situations. In this contemporary world, organizations are in the search for workers who are highly qualified to make the best out of their capabilities in environments that afford them the liberty to demonstrate their sense of responsibility and initiative.
Each and every person’s leadership approach has an important component on how efficiently an organization has to reach its objectives. This is true when people have significant roles and responsibilities in playing decision-making roles. This paper seeks to analyze the different styles and approaches to leadership with respect to the effectiveness of the styles they formulated.
Outstanding Leadership Styles and Effectiveness
There are a great number of leadership styles that are based on different theories. The techniques that are based on individual’s beliefs, preferences, and values as well as other organizational cultures and norms that embrace some particular styles and disseminate others. The styles of leadership are therefore discussed herein as;
Servant Leadership
This style of leadership is a very moral style that puts the well being of others before the goals of an organization. Servant leaders consider others as an equal to them and not above. They see those they lead as subjects to teach and learn from in any organization. Servant’s leaders are able to lead others and reach a particular laid down goal and do not believe that as leaders they are better than others (Bass, BM 2009). Servant leaders are therefore considered consummate team builders who draw all the strengths from those they lead towards achieving goals and success. These leaders are incapacitated to lead through dictatorship but instead allow people to do what they can well.
Servant leaders are known for their ability to use power honestly without misuse. They exercise their powers legitimately for the benefit of those they serve and see leadership as an approach to garner good and no the opposite. In understanding servant leaders, we need to consider icons like Mandela and Mother Teresa, who served with integrity and honesty. Servant leaders have one objective of serving and not being served (Bass, BM 2009). Being a servant leader is about the one-on-one deliberations and taking care of a day’s details.
Servant leaders also listen and care for those they serve. They are willing to take time to listen to the views of others on matters. They also seek the opinions and ideas of others in making success out of an objective. This attribute of listening makes a servant leader be in position to create an environment where mutual respect is exercised. They help people acquire what they need in any setup. When faced with situations, servant leaders look for better approaches to convince others to see things there way since in their listening, they are open to improvements. They are also able to stretch their constituents and inspire them to service.
Charismatic Leadership
This leadership style according to my view is recognizable but may be mistaken as that with less tangibility compared to other leadership approaches. This Approach of leadership puts an individual into a form of influence where he possesses exceptional qualities as his followers perceive. Any charismatic leader incorporates the art of communication as his/hers leadership style. Emotional appeals are also vital in the making o a charismatic leader, and this combines the use of emotional and dramatic appeals that adds credibility in communication (Beycioglu, K., & Pashiardis, P 64, 2015). As with the art of effective communication, a charismatic leader also establishes visions that are vital to achieving success. Such leaders have visions that are solution driven.
Charismatic leaders are also known for their ability to establish trust with those they lead. Integrity has to play a vital role in such leaders and is cultivated when honesty and consistency are practiced in a line of duty. It is essential that such leaders embrace the ethics of truth irrespective of their popularity and should, in other words, enumerate the values that they espouse on others (Beycioglu, K., & Pashiardis, P 64, 2015).This requires that such a leader understands the values and needs of his subjects.
Participative Leadership
This style of leaderships one that makes an achievement through people. Participative leaders get success in their initiatives through teamwork and by collectively involving other people in achieving a goal. Such leaders are known for their ability to show ownership on those they lead in a manner that makes them feel responsible for the commitments taken in achieving a particular goal.
They make people valued as a vital part of a team by making a group become focused on the journey of cooperative teamwork (Brain, C 2002). In an airport, for example, leaders need to cooperatively involve every personnel in the processes in order for the whole team to make conclusions collaboratively through dialog and reason. Such leaders have the option of drawing from other approaches in order to achieve their goals.
Situational Leadership
This style of leadership entails the fact that there is no one size that fits all in its approach to leadership. In order to achieve goals, such leaders have to first of all identify their most significant priorities and consider the readiness of those they lead by analyzing their ability and willingness to follow in the steps of the leader. Leaders in this approach should have the capacity to apply the essential styles of leadership that fit a given situation (Lang, R, & Rybnikova, 2012). This style of leadership incorporates four elements that are essential to achieving success. These elements are directing, coaching, supporting and delegating.
Transactional Leadership
This form of leadership involves the motivation and direction of a leader’s subjects through appealing to their self-interests. The power of such leaders is vested in their formal responsibility and authority in an organization. It is upon the subjects of those leaders to obey instructions and follow in the foot of such leaders (Malcolm, G 2002). Such leaders motivate through an approach that reward and punish, for instance, when a worker does what is a requisite of them, he is rewarded.
However, when he fails to achieve that which is required of him, a punishment follows. This style of leadership is known for its nature to overemphasize detailed short termed goals and rules that are standardized (Malcolm, G 2002). This approach is known to work well where an organization’s problems are well-defined since transactional leaders are quite efficient in guiding decisions aimed at cutting costs and improving the productivity levels of an organization.
Transformational Leadership
This kind of leadership is one that incorporates change with such leaders considered people of change and action. Transformational leaders are always considered effective since the changes they bring are always positive. It is important to point out that transformational leaders have the ability to master their emotions and are also required to understand how they respond to motivational and persuasive situations (Marx, T 2013). These leaders are believed not to assume the rationales and logic of responding to change and are considered emotionally intelligent.
Quiet Leadership
Quite leaders are known for their abilities to work behind scenes carefully and patiently instead of making forceful and direct actions. Their aims are to address serious problems while still leaving by their values without hampering the running of an organization (Marx, T 2013). Quite leaders always employ forceful and direct actions that aim at handling situations.
Ryan air Leadership in the era of costly Air Travel
The CEO of Ryan air in the wake of the global economic recession restructured a form of leadership that managed the organization into a competitive state. The Irish millionaire Thomas Antony Ryan cofounded Ryan air with another partner in 1985. Before opening this airline, Ryan was an employee of Aer Lingus a leading air carrier in Ireland. Most of Ryan’s wealth came from this airline since he made this airline company the largest in Europe (Pasmore, W 2014).
Ryan employed the use of the situational style of leadership which expounds that there is no perfect way to lead an organization since situations determine the ways and approaches of making decisions. Ryan was able to venture into the airline industry with his friends and customers viewing him as a difficult man to handle in work related issues.
He never gave room for criticisms and always strived to be different and better in anything. Ryan also had a strong sense of responsibility and was so crucial to the completion of tasks (Pasmore, W 2014). This was depicted when he launched the airline company with the aim of driving growth that was geared towards minimizing and engineering low-cost maintenance in the airline sector.
Tony Fernandez Leadership Style
Born in Kuala Lumpur, Tony Fernandez was originally from Chennai. He was educated and graduated in London as an economist. Fernandez worked briefly with Virgin Atlantic as a financial controller and was considered one of the youngest CEOs in the organization. He then decided to venture into the airline industry and in one of his meetings with the Prime Minister of that time Mohamed; he managed to convince to become a new operator in the Malaysian aviation industry (Siegmund, F 1990). At this time of the meeting, Fernandez had already registered a company called Tune Air. Mahathir agreed to the demands of Fernandez and deemed it suitable and worth giving a try.
Fernandez vision turned Air Asia to become one of the leading airline brands in the world. Many attribute the success of this airline firm to the strong leadership style of Tony. He in his capacity created a good organizational culture that embraced the importance of working as a unit in achieving goals. As a leader he was readily and easily approachable to hi employees and laid a central role in establishing a culture that inspired the conduct and behaviors, values and rules that are vital to the achievement of the missions and strategies of the organization (Siegmund, F 1990). Employees were allowed to access his office with important things that needed to be addressed.
In the contemporary world where business has become more competitive, exercising such approaches to leadership may be considered expensive to an organization. Tony Fernandez approach to leadership made a big impact on the airline industry since it inspired growth. Many of the employees were so happy to be part of the team that inspired the achievement of goals in the company. They were always treated as a family unit, and any of their contributions and ideas were welcomed in deriving better approaches to achieving success. Tony’s leadership style emphasized on the value of building interactions among the staff members in maintaining the state of an organization (Siegmund, F 1990).
The two leaders greatly differed in their styles of leadership. Ryan embraced the use of situational leadership that emphasized that In order to achieve goals, leaders have to first of all identify their most significant priorities and consider the readiness of those they lead by analyzing their ability and willingness to follow in the steps of the leader.
This style of leadership finds solutions to problems when such issues arise. On the other hand, Tony Fernandez applied the participatory form and style of leadership (Thomas, J. C., & Segal, DL 2006). This style of leaderships one that makes an achievement through people. Participative leaders get success in their initiatives through teamwork and by collectively involving other people in achieving a goal. This was Ryan’s style of leadership that spurred the growth of the airline industry.
Conclusion
In my journal, I also noted some other leaders who also had a different style of leadership. In essence, leadership is all about influence. Leaders should, therefore, have better approaches of rallying people behind their visions and dreams. It is important that leaders portray the leadership styles they have in the lives they leave too since people watch and follow in their footsteps.
References
Bass, BM 2009, From Transactional To Transformational Leadership. Albany, NY, Free Press.
Beycioglu, K., & Pashiardis, P 2015. Multidimensional Perspectives on Principal Leadership Effectiveness. Available from:
Brain, C 2002. Advanced Psychology: Applications, Issues And Perspectives. Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes.
Lang, R, & Rybnikova, I 2012 Leadership is Going Global, in The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management: Thematic Essays (eds W. J. Rothwell and G. M. (Bud). Benscoter), Pfeiffer, A Wiley Imprint, San Francisco, CA.
Malcolm, G 2002. The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make A Big Difference. Boston, Back Bay Books.
Marx, T 2013, ‘Teaching Leadership And Strategy’, Business Education Innovation Journal, Vol. 5 No. 2, Pp. 12-19.
Pasmore, W 2014. Developing A Leadership Strategy: A Critical Ingredient For Organizational Success. White Paper, Centre For Creative Leadership
Siegmund, F 1990, ‘Competition and Performance in the Airline Industry’, Policy Studies Review, 9, 4, pp. 649-663, Academic Search Premier.
Thomas, J. C., & Segal, DL 2006. Comprehensive Handbook Of Personality And Psychopathology Volume 1. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons.
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The example used in class was a company merger between a large corporate building in Chicago and a large corporate building in San Diego. By describing the path from one user in Chicago, how does a packet make it to San Diego using IPSec?
The Internet Protocol Security (IPSec) provides Layer three security (RFC 2401). It is a collection of algorithms, services, and protocols that are utilized in securing IP data at the network layer. It provides a complete security solution for an IP network. The services and protocols of the IPSec combine to offer different kinds of protection. Given that the IPSec works at the IP layer, it is able to offer these protections for higher-layer TCP/IP applications or protocols with no need for extra security methods (Somesh, 2011). The protection services that the IPSec offers are as follows: it authenticates the integrity of a message so that the message is not altered en route; it encrypts user data to ensure privacy; and it protects against some kinds of security attacks for instance replay attacks. Other kinds of protection services are: the capability of devices to negotiate the security keys and algorithms that are needed to satisfy their security needs; and 2 security modes – transport and tunnel – to satisfy the various network needs (Somesh, 2011). IPSec combines various constituents: internet key exchange (IKE), authentication headers (AH), security associations (SA), and encapsulating security payload (ESP).
2.0 IPSec Standards
Given that IPSec is in fact a set of protocols and techniques, it is not described in just one internet standard. The services, architecture, as well specific protocols that are utilized in IPSec are defined by a set of Request for Comments (RFCs). There are a number of Internet Protocol Security Standards as illustrated in the table below:
RFC Number
Name
Description
1
RFC 2402
IP Authentication Header (AH)
This defines the IPSec AH protocol utilized for ensuring origin verification and integrity of data
2
RFC 2401
Security Architecture for IP
This is the key Internet Protocol Security document. It describes the architecture as well as the operation of the technology. It also illustrates how various parts fit together (Kozierok, 2012).
3
RFC 2403
The use of HMAC-MD5-96 in AH and ESP
Defines a certain encryption algorithm for use by the ESP and AH protocols known as Message Digest 5 or MD5, HMAC variant.
4
RFC 2406
IP ESP
Defines the IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload protocol that provides encryption of data for confidentiality (Somesh, 2011)
5
RFC 2404
The use of HMAC-SHA-1-96 in AH and ESP
Defines a certain encryption algorithm for use by ESP and AH known as Secure Hash Algorithm 1 (SHA-1), HMAC variant
6
RFC 2409
The IKE
Defines the Internet Key Exchange protocol which is utilized in negotiating security associations and exchanging keys between different devices for secure communications.
7
RFC 2408
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)
Describes the techniques used to exchange keys and negotiate security associations
8
RFC 2412
The OAKLEY Key Determination Protocol
Defines a generic protocol for key exchange (Kozierok, 2012)
The IPSec technology is mostly used to implement virtual private networks (VPNs)
3.0 IPSec Architecture
3.1 IPSec Authentication Header (AH)
This offers authentication services for Internet Protocol Security. AH enables the recipient of a message to confirm that the hypothetical originator of the message was in fact the one who sent that message. Moreover, the AH enables the recipient of a message to confirm that intermediate devices have not altered any of the data within the datagram. In addition, it offers protection against reply attacks, a situation in which an authorized user captures a message and then resends it (Somesh, 2011).
3.2 Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) and Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
ESP encrypts the payload of the Internet Protocol datagram. It encrypts the data and secures it against eavesdropping during transit (Knight, 2010). IKE is a protocol negotiation as well as key exchange protocol, which enables the communicating parties to negotiate the techniques of secure communication. The IPSec offers security in 3 situations: gateway-to-gateway; host-to-gateway; and host-to-host. The IPSec operates in 2 modes: tunnel mode for virtual private network (VPN), and transport mode for end-to-end (Knight, 2010).
4.0 IPSec authentication using IPv4 versus IPv6
4.1 IPv6
In IPv6, the Authentication Header protects nearly all of the IPv6 base header, the authentication header itself, the IP payload, as well as the non-mutable extension headers after the authentication header (Dominik & Yvette, 2011). Protection for the IPv6 header does not include the mutable fields.
4.2 IPv4
In an IPv4 datagram, Knight (2010) stated that the Protocol field shows the identity of the UDP or TCP that is carried in the datagram. This field therefore points to the next header at the front of the IP payload. In IPv4 the Authentication Header protects the IP payload as well as every header field of an IP datagram with the exception of mutable field – those which may be in transit –, and the IP options like the IP Security Option RFC 1108 (Knight, 2010).
5.0 IPSec tunneling
5.1 IPSec Tunnel Mode
IPSec could be configured to operate in either the Transport mode or the Tunnel mode; Tunnel mode is the default mode. When the IPSec is configured to operate in the Tunnel mode, the whole IP packet will be protected by IPSec; the IPSec will wrap the original packet, encrypt that packet, add a new IP header, and then send it to the other side of the Virtual Private Network tunnel (Dominik & Yvette, 2011). It is notable that Tunnel Mode is mainly utilized between gateways – ASA firewalls or Cisco routers. It is also commonly utilized at an end-station to a gateway; the gateway will act as a proxy for the hosts behind it. Tunnel mode is used in encrypting traffic between secure IPSec Gateways, for instance 2 Cisco routers that are connected over the internet through IPSec Virtual Private Network (Dominik & Yvette, 2011).
An IPSec tunnel between an IPSec Gateway and a Cisco VPN Client is an example of tunnel mode. The client will connect to the IPSec Gateway. Traffic from client is encrypted, encapsulated within a new IP packet and is then transmitted to the other end. Once a firewall appliance decrypts it, the original IP packet of the client is sent to the local network. An IPSec header – ESP header or AH header – in the tunnel mode is inserted between the upper layer protocol and the IP header. Between ESP and AH, ESP is most widely utilized in IPSec virtual private network configuration (Somesh, 2011).The figure below shows IPSec Tunnel mode with an ESP header:
The figure below shows IPSec Tunnel mode with an AH header:
When IPSec is in the tunnel mode, the AH could be applied together with the ESP or it could be applied alone. The function of the AH is to protect the whole packet (Hoffman, 2011). It is notable that the AH does not protect each field in the New IP Header since some change while in transit, and the sender is not able to envisage the way they may change. In essence, the AH will protect everything that does not change while in transit (Hoffman, 2011).
5.2 IPSec Network topology: Packet from Chicago to San Diego
Path of the packet from Chicago to San Diego
The IPSec network topology above illustrates how a packet moves from Site A in Chicago to Site B in San Diego. VPN is a secure and inexpensive technique for site-to-site connectivity such as the one illustrated above (Hoffman, 2011). Each site runs VPN servers. With IPSec Virtual Private Networks, offices in the two different locations can be connected together over the internet with the strong encryption as well as security that the IPSec protocol offers. In this topology, IPSec offers secure communication in the path through which the packet moves through from the sender in Chicago to the destination in San Diego.
5.3 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) over IPSec
L2TP is basically an industry-standard internet tunneling protocol which offers encapsulation for the sending of Point-to-Point (PPP) frames through packet-oriented media. Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol enables IP traffic to be encrypted before being sent via any medium which supports PPP datagram delivery, for instance IP (Hoffman, 2011). The Microsoft implementation of the Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol makes use of IPSec encryption in protecting data stream from the Virtual Private Network client to the VPN server.
Tunneling, as Knight (2010) pointed out, is the whole process of encapsulation, routing, as well as decapsulation. The tunneling process encapsulates or wraps the original packet within a new packet, which may have new routing and addressing information that allows it to move through a network. When data confidentiality is combined with tunneling, then the original packet data in addition to the original source and destination, is not made known to those who listen to traffic on the network (Hoffman, 2011). The encapsulation is removed the moment the encapsulated packet gets to its destination, and the original packet header is utilized in routing the packet to its last destination, which in this case is San Diego. It is notable that the tunnel is the logical data path wherein the packets that have been encapsulated travel through. To the original source as well as destination peer, this particular tunnel is transparent and it appears similar to another PPP connection within the network path. The peers are not aware of any routers, proxy servers, switches, or other security gateways between the starting point and the endpoint of the tunnel (Hoffman, 2011). Tunneling can be utilized in providing a Virtual Private Network when it is combined with confidentiality.
In the figure shown above, the packets that have been encapsulated travel through the network within the IPSec encrypted tunnel. The internet is the network. The gateway is an edge gateway which stands between the private network and the outside network. Carmouche (2009) pointed out that the edge gateways could normally be a proxy server, a firewall, a router, or any other security gateway. Moreover, two gateways could be utilized within the private network for the purpose of protecting traffic across untrusted sections of the network. Whenever the IPSec is utilized in tunnel mode, Carmouche (2009) stated that the IPSec itself offers encapsulation only for the IP traffic. IPSec tunnel mode is utilized mainly for interoperability with other gateways, routers, or end systems which do not support Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol over IPSec (Carmouche, 2009).
6.0 References
Carmouche, J. H. (2009). Basic IPSec VPN Topologies and Configurations. Columbus, OH: CRC Press.
Dominik, S., & Yvette E., G. (2011). Securing IP Multimedia Subsystem with the appropriate Security Gateway and IPSec Tunneling. 보안공학연구논문지, (3), 385.
Hoffman, P. (2011). Cryptographic Suites for IPSec. Crescent City, CA: Penguin Publishers.
Knight, P. (2010). Dynamic Routing Inside IPSec VPNs. Nortel Networks.
The advancement of leadership and the development of leaders seem to concentrate more on training through investigation of theory or literature.
According to the attached article, why is this ineffective?
Evaluate the appropriateness of such a training focus.
Based on your other readings, what other elements may be included to increase the self-knowledge and effectiveness of leadership?
Each of the following conditions must meet the essay:
1)The answer must raise appropriate critical questions.
2)The answer must include examples from aviation experience or the web with references from relevant examples from real aviation companies. I prefer example from Qatar Airways, Etihad airline, Emirates airline, Al Arabia Airline.
3)Do include all your references, as per the Harvard Referencing System.
4)Please don’t use Wikipedia web site.
5)I need examples from peer reviewed articles or researches.
Note: To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached
Best regards
SAMPLE ANSWER
Effective leadership
Introduction
There has been a tendency of advancement of leadership and the development of leaders concentrating more on training through investigation of theory or literature. This approach is associated with certain drawbacks which altogether fail to produce effective leaders. The following discussion will engage in reviewing some of the limitations on this form of training. In addition, the paper will examine how self-knowledge and effective leadership can be pronounced in a company.
Discussion
The advancement of leadership and the improvement of leaders seem to concentrate more on training through investigation of theory or literature. This is ineffective due to a number of reasons. One of the explanations is that assortment of aspirants to join training is mostly uncertain. This is because most firm targets the familiar aspirations of those employees who chase to rise to leadership situation. Therefore, getting a suitable sample of candidates to train to be converted into leaders is ineffective as every employee wants to become a leader as that status has power, reputation, and increased income (Taylor 2012). At Etihad Airline, for instance, CEOs find it hard to pick up prospective aspirants to be future leaders at the company when they step down. The training has also some elements of ineffectiveness as it mainly covers on reinforcing self esteem of candidates. However, in doing so, it does not give long-term adjustments in their consciousness or conduct. This is witnessed by the actions of the graduates retreating back to their old ways of doing things as rudimentary behavioral transformation lack due to the training unable to provide the graduates an environment and time required to reshape behavior.
Another noted reason why this form of training is ineffective is because it is mainly grounded in teaching the candidates about leadership, providing them cognitive experience, and infusing new leadership models to them. This is quite similar to a teaching guide (O’ Connell 2011, p.339). Therefore, it calls for experimentation and learning, followed by simultaneous recurrence of a dedicated practice. The training also lacks a metric for evaluating leadership appropriateness. This form of training fails to give consensus on who a leader is or what are responsibilities of a leader (Bérard 2013). There is loss of connection between empirical correlation and leadership performance with leadership outcomes and qualities. It is being found that the case histories only try to buttress current mythologies. At Qatar Airways, for instance, line managers find it difficult to deal with the leadership wrangles at the Gulf area in dealing with high competition due to the action of clinging to traditional methodologies of dealing with HR emerging problems. .
It is also noted that despite many ineffectiveness of training though investigation of theory or literature, there is a number of appropriateness derived from that form of training. Notably, candidates in the training program do buff up specific skills, particularly in communication networks (Adle, Kwon & Heckscher 2008, p. 361). Effectiveness resulting from such program is that that training may challenge the candidates or reinforces their self esteem. For instance, Emirates Airline working with its subsidiaries provides a platform where various leaders of the subsidiaries meet to share experiences (Connell 2011). This is mainly by intensifying candidates’ awareness of the behavioral inclinations in their ways and psyche. Consequently, candidates are given cognitive experience by these training programs, that is, the hopeful leaders are taught about leadership, latest leadership paradigms, offered with historical consideration on leadership theory, and being offered with a record of leadership desirable qualities.
There are some factors that may be included to enhance self-knowledge and effectiveness of leadership. Empathy is one of the critical fundamentals that should be embraced to enlarge self-knowledge and effectiveness of leadership. Empathy emphasizes the leadership with the ability to improve juniors, challenge those who act unfairly in a firm, and provision of constructive feedback. Social skills also come under components to electrify self-knowledge. An effective leader should be oriented to mechanisms to which he or she can learn how to not sit back and make their juniors do the work Grimme 2011, p.482). This factor can be continual actions of a leader to congratulate employees to inspire the loyalty of the team. Leaders at Emirates Airways engage in giving their subordinates gift and bonuses to boost their urge in fulfilling the objectives of this respective airline. Learning conflict resolution skills is also important under the elements of social skills as the leader will be able to be trained to arbitrate wide-ranging conflicts occurring in the line of duty. To develop self-knowledge and effective leadership it can be done through learning challenges. Trial and error makes leaders better in their roles through learning from their failures and successes.
Selecting the right candidate for the leadership position is one of the crucial factors for an effective leadership. Through strong motivation, a leader develops his or her self knowledge by being motivated by a strong embebbled urge for the sake of achievement. The type of leaders oriented to this element is able to explore new approaches to their duties. It is interesting to find out that these types of leaders keep score by tracking such complicated measures as market share, for instance, money manager at Qatar Airways gauge the performance of his stock fund aligned with Etihad airline, Emirates airline, Al Arabia
Airline (O’ Connell 2011, p.340). Even when the score is against them, highly motivated leaders will continue to remain optimistic. In such process another element of self-regulation comes in to merge with achievement motivation to enable frustrations and agony that can be felt from such failures. It is being observed that at Etihad Airways, portfolio managers are not fired when a failure occurs at their line of duty. Rather, the company elevates them to senior position where they will be given an opportunity to prove that they can lead a turnaround (O’ Connell 2011). Self-regulation makes effective leaders abandon the habit of attacking others verbally, stereotyping others, and to compromise their values. This form of self-knowledge is brought in by the tendency of the leader to know his or her values and hold him/herself accountable incase of mistakes. Leader’s own reflection falls under some of the elements to be included to increase leadership effectiveness and self-knowledge. Most of the managers at Etihad Airline meet severally in a year to discus what each of them encountered during that financial period, and the mechanism as well as strategies to handle the situation (Grimme 2011, p.487). Through this reflection, a leader is supposed to learn from the mistakes of other leaders. Learning from experience of peers who face analogous leadership problems can be an important factor to effective leadership and self-knowledge development.
Conclusion
In summary, effective leadership is derived if leaders are oriented to harsh crucible organizational experience. Training through investigation of theory or literature is pragmatically teaching of which it should be learned. Upon making better leaders, they should be given an environment where they will acquire self-knowledge to enable them run the operations of a company efficiently.
Reference list
ADLER, P.S., KWON, S-W. AND HECKSCHER, C. (2008). Professional work: the emergence of collaborative community. Organization Science, March–April, 19(2): 359–76
ANDERSON, R., & BRAUD, W. (2011). Transforming self and others through research:transpersonal research methods and skills for the human sciences and humanities. Albany, State University of New York Press.
BÉRARD, J. (2013). Accelerating leadership development: practical solutions for building your organization’s potential. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10740165.
GRIMME, W. (2011). The Growth of ailine global alliances: an empirical assessment of the perceptions of business travelers. Transportation Research part A, 37,479-497.
O’ CONNELL, J. (2011). The rise of the Arabian Gulf carriers: An insight into the business model of Emirates Airline. Journal of Air Transport Management, 17, 339-346.
ODONI, A. (2009). The international institutional and Regulatory Environment 9Chaoter @). In P. Belobaba, A. Odoni, & C. Barnhart, The Global Airline Industry. John Wilesy & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-74077-4.
Watch the film and write a 3-4 page paper about of the film answering the three questions below:
1. What was it about (what country, what population, what was the issue)?
2. What did you learn? This is not a summary of the film. I want to know what you learned about the world, about social change.
3. How you can connect what you learned from the film to what you have learned in a class on social change? (I have attached a few PowerPoint) Use specific examples of things we have read in the text or that we have discussed in class.
This documentary film was recorded in Pakistan and it features the quest for justice by a teenager who sought to pursue justice for her rape by four men. The documentary sheds light on the plight of women in Pakistan and more specifically those who have fallen victim to rape or gang-rape. The issue that this story highlights is the fact that the victims of rape are condemned to suffer in silence since the odds are against them both from a socio-cultural perspective as well as from a legal point of view. The challenge being highlighted here is the obstacles that exist between the women and young girls who fall victim to rapists and legal redress.
2. I learnt several things about social change. The first thing I learnt is that social change often results from the existence of inequalities that exist in any given society. In this context there is a clear imbalance between men’s rights and women’s rights. While they have an equal stake in he culture and legal system, women have a smaller chance of benefitting from the existent regulations since men have all the power to manipulate the regulatory framework to suit their needs. This is indicative of other situations where the more influential members of a given society such as the elites conspire to leverage existent legislation to suit their selfish needs and this often places another party on the receiving end. The offended or injured party are the ones who often clamor for social change.
Something else that I learnt about social change is the fact that the need for it is usually more evident from the outside, usually by an individual or group of people who have experienced or witnessed first-hand the benefits of a given change. In this context the girl’s struggle to ensure rapists are punished appears to be more important to foreign journalists who want to share the story, an indication that the local media still has to toe the line, or does not really see the benefit that this social change will bring.
Social change is seldom a government priority as the government tends to reflect the will of the people. For change to be effected effectively, the threshold of people who are in favor of the change needs to exceed the resistance of those who are keen on holding on to the existent way of doing things. This is unfortunately where many social change initiatives get stuck, those who desire the change will often lack the means to win enough people over. At times the sociological term used is political will whereby individual in leadership positions have the final say on what will actually become of a proposed social change. These leaders may be elected officials, state officials or also religious leaders.
Last but not least, I learnt that social change is a continuous process that is bound to fail at different stages of its life cycle. The failures are partly attributed to the resistance to change by key decision makers. In other instances obstacles to change arise in the form of personal threats to the main drivers of change and this happens when one or more of the members of the ‘establishment’ feel that the status quo will be upset if the change is successful. Such individuals will go to extreme lengths to ensure that the ‘balance’ they enjoy is not done away with. In such instances the continuity of the initiative will involve the drivers of the social change doing so at their own risk.
I also learnt that social change needs to be considered in subjectively according to the context within which it is being proposed to function. While change is important and there exist examples of strategies which have worked elsewhere, it is necessary for any given social change to be understood with particular attention being allocated to the stakeholders who are going to be affected both directly and indirectly.
Last but not least, I learnt that social change needs to be presented through the emphasis of what its benefits will be in comparison to an existent situation which is retrogressive. This helps to drum up support for it and at the same time a bottom up approach is more ideal since this places more pressure and responsibility on the leadership to facilitate the necessary change. This requires a vast deal of resources which are at times inaccessible or unavailable in some parts of the world. As such many social change projects in impoverished regions are carried out by foreign aid organizations.
3. The first similarity between the content of this documentary and what we have learnt in class is the definition that I got of social change. Under ‘definitions of social change’ the second definition is given as “A process by which society becomes something different while remaining in some respects the same.” From the context of this film, it is clear that the aspect that the girl and her family intend to change is the manner in which this community treats victims of rape. The society will still remain the same in that traditional gender roles are unlikely to change in the wake of the success of their effort.
Something else that the film’s content had in common with the material that was given in class is with respect to the source of the social change. The specific topic being referred to here is ‘Clashes over resources and values’ as one of the sources of social change. In the documentary film the clash is between the value systems held by the men who raped the girl and the girl’s family. The men feel that girls have significantly less rights compared to men like themselves who can have their way and manipulate the system to get away with their actions. Not just through the rape but also in ways like forced marriages and also honor killings which in effect exonerate the men from any wrong doing. The girl and the family on the other hand believe that girls and women need to enjoy the right to self-determination and also protection from the state through the issuing of punishments for acts such as rape and other forms of sexual violence. The two value systems contradict one another this the manifestation of a need for social change.
There is also a clear manifestation of fascism in this society since there has been little if any evidence of a collected effort being made by independent community based groups to come to the defense of the girl. The only evidence of people coming together was when the community wanted to have her killed for losing her virginity before marriage or when the religious leader testified about conducting the marriage (PBS, 2013).
This paper will be a revised and expanded version of the first research paper. Based on your instructor’s feedback, you will first revise the first paper.
Write three-to-four (3-4) new pages that address the following:
Define presidential doctrine and summarize the regional or global events during the Cold War leading up to the formation of the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1.
Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between the country you selected and the U.S. before the presidential doctrine was announced.
Describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and the country you selected in section (2) above.
Describe the effect that the presidential doctrine has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War.
Assess whether or not the presidential doctrine you wrote about in Assignment 1 doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced.
Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
To help you understand this assignment further, the following description and examples may be useful.
Step 1: Define doctrine and identify why a president would want to announce one.
A doctrine is an ideological platform that a president uses to advance a policy towards a country or region in order to accomplish foreign policy goals for the United States, so you will need to expand on this theme.
Refer back to Assignment 1, and build on whatever doctrine you wrote about then. Say, for example, you selected the Truman Doctrine. Therefore, this is the only thing you will write about in Assignment 2 step 1.
Step 2: Select one country you wrote about in Assignment 1 and describe the Cold War relationship that existed between it and the U.S.
Before the presidential doctrine was announced. In the case of Truman, you would pick either the Soviet Union, Greece, or Iran, since all three were affected by his doctrine. If you are writing about the Eisenhower Doctrine, you would choose Lebanon or Egypt; if you wrote about the Kennedy Doctrine, you would have write about Cuba or Vietnam; if your wrote about the Nixon Doctrine, you would choose either Vietnam, Saudi Arabia or Iran; if you chose Carter, you would select either Iran or Afghanistan; and if you wrote about the Reagan Doctrine, you would select Nicaragua, Angola, Russia or Afghanistan (although there were several others).
Step 3: Describe what effect the presidential doctrine you chose has had on regional or global affairs since it was announced during the Cold War.
That is, how did the doctrine change the status quo regionally or globally after it was announced by the U.S.? What happened in Western Europe after the Truman Doctrine was announced? What happened in the Middle East after the Eisenhower Doctrine was announced? What happened with Cuba or Vietnam after Kennedy offered up his doctrine of flexible response? What happened in Southeast Asia or the Persian Gulf after the Nixon Doctrine went in effect? What happened in the Middle East after the Carter Doctrine was announced? What happened in Central America or Africa or the Middle East after Reagan announced his doctrine?
Step 4: Refer back to the country you selected in step two and describe the relationship that currently exists between the U.S. and that country.
How has the relationship changed between the U.S. and that country since the doctrine was announced?
Step 5: Evaluate whether or not the presidential doctrine had had the intended effect of altering the behavior of the one country you selected in section (2) above since the doctrine was first announced.
Your assignment must:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Kennedy Doctrine as a foreign policy was envisioned and pursued by the 35th president of the United States. John F Kennedy chose this doctrine as the cornerstone of his foreign policy towards the Latin America between 1961 and 1963. Alive to the threat of communism and especially the threat of a nuclear bomb within range of the US, he knew there was need for a policy that could work despite the ‘current realities’. For President Kennedy, the cold war was not going to stop him securing the nation.
President Kennedy understood that all out war would only result in world war III and the world was hardly two decades away from the last world war. By choosing diplomacy – albeit quite, President Kennedy was able to achieve more than what he set out seeking (Dobbs, 2008). He was able to contain the spread of communism and contribute to the growth of democracy as a governance system in the world. Presently, even the communist countries; practice a form of democracy with their governance structures (Zhang, 2014). China a proud communist country practices Socialists Deliberative Democracy.
Despite the success in Cuba, the same doctrine failed spectacularly in Vietnam. May be the poor intelligence gathering in Cuba should have been a pointer of the state of the Central Intelligence Agency as a unit. After failure in Cuba, it could not accept the same outcome in Vietnam and ended up costing American million if not billions of dollars in a war they were doomed to fail from the start.
May be, had what happened in the background during those 13 days the world was at a standstill had happened in Vietnam, American would have spared the world a whole lot of problems (Dobbs, 2008). In the latter, the world was saved a nuclear holocaust, while in the latter US carried out a costly military operation that was a failure. Having failed to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro – the Bay of Pigs debacle, US should have learnt its lesson. Apparently it did not and Vietnam Happened.
As President Kennedy played brinkmanship with President Khrushchev for the worlds’ gallery, he instructed the Attorney General – who happened to be his brother, to reach out the Soviets (Dobbs, 2008). Through back channel interaction, a possible explosive situation was diffused. Despite having downed a U2 spy plane for whom the standard retaliation was the destruction of the missile site, the Soviets got away with that in exchange for the Russian withdrawing the Nuclear war heads from Cuba.
Additionally, America was to withdraw the Jupiter Missiles it has placed in Turkey which had the range to hit Soviet cities. In reality, the American gave up more for less. However, because they played the public opinion right, to date, the worlds perceives the American as the victors. After the incident, President was famously quoted saying that diplomacy ‘can only defeat us; foreign policy will kill us’ (Fitzsimons, 1972). Herein lays the truth on the Kennedy doctrine.
Fifty year later, adoption of the same doctrine on the same country – Cuba has resulted in another historical breakthrough. In December 17, 2014, President Obama of the USA and President Raul Castro of Cuba announced a resumption of diplomatic ties between the two countries. This was a culmination of numerous efforts in the background by the bureaucrats’ that had started with the lifting of travel restrictions in 2009 (Roskin, & Berry, 2010). To arrive at this point, America and Cuba under the mediation of Pope Francis agreed to exchange prisoners and make the initial steps towards normalizing relationships (Dias, 2014). Who would have thought this possible fifty years ago? Could the Kennedy doctrine have been successful only in Cuba or can and could it be replicated in other countries and situations? What uniqueness did this situation have that made the doctrine work?
The Kennedy doctrine has been successful in other situation when it has been employed. The Americans have had success recently with hostages that had been held in the Middle East. These were exchanged for prisoners held in Guantanamo Bay prison. This raises the question; does the Kennedy doctrine not contradict the American publicly held position of not negotiating with terrorists?
The French seem to have perfected the Kennedy doctrine (Nuti, 2010). They have on numerous occasions managed to get their citizens back from captivity. Though some have condemned for negotiating with kidnappers and making kidnapping lucrative, when the need has arisen, the French have struck with vengeance and decisively to deal major blows to terror networks that make money from kidnappings.
It could be argued that even Cuba has applied the doctrine when dealing with one of its most prized assets – baseball players. Having negotiated with Mexico a deal to have a few veterans trailblaze by playing overseas and returning home in the winter, when Mexico fearful of incurring America’s wrath sort to falsify documentation and were discovered, Cuba reacted by reneging on all the contracts. It turned instead to Japan where for the past two seasons, Japanese crowds have been mesmerized by the Cuban talent in baseball playing.
To Cuba base ball is the national past time. Its players are sort in the American Major League like hot cakes. In the recent past, those who have managed to join the league – mainly defectors, clubs have paid some high figures for them. In one case, a club willingly took up a player and paid them a high salary knowing full well that they would be fined the equivalent they paid in salary.
On its part, Cuba has been making changes which can be attributed to the recent interaction with the US. In 2012, as a culmination to many other economic reforms the Cuban government had already undertaken, it abolished the requirement that Cubans obtain government permission to travel abroad (Miller, A & Piccone, 2015). This move was especially critical as it would allow many Cubans who have families across the channel to visit them.
Some of the economic reforms that Cuba implemented included relaxing small business restrictions – nurturing entrepreneurship, expanding access to consumer goods – American goods, decentralize the agricultural sector and liberalize the real estate market. All the reforms are intended to make Cuba adopt a governance structure similar if not the same as the one the in US (Renwick, 2015). Whereas the reforms will benefit the Cuban people, those who benefit in the short to middle term will be the American.
The Kennedy doctrine has had its share of successes and failure when it has been applied. Cuba remains one of the most visible success cases where the doctrine has been applied by two presidents – JFK the architect and Barack Obama in dealing with Cuba and Alqaeda. Other instances abound where the doctrine has been a success – even been applied by Cuba, that it makes it a universally acceptable doctrine.
Roskin, M., and Berry, N. (2010) IR: The New World of International Relations, Custom Edition. Learning Solutions
Zhang, Y (2014) A Discussion on the Socialist Deliberative Democracy with Chinese characteristics, Studies in Asian Social Science, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-5.
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