Relationship between Natural World and Humanity

Order Instructions:

How does the relationship between the natural world and humanity in The
Dream of the Rood relate to that envisioned in The Wanderer?

Your essay should consist of an original, complete, well-presented and well supported argument. Focus your thesis according to what you find after studying the texts. You will not be able to say everything related to the topic in so few words, so narrow your focus. Isolate the most interesting aspect of what you discover and make a strong case for it. Ensure that your argument lets you consider not just content but form. That is, you must consider how the texts structure the representation of the content. Remember that, in every case, these texts are in translation, so the exact choices of words and their order (diction and syntax) are not those of the originals; shape your claims accordingly.

Cite specific examples from the texts to support your arguments. Quote sparingly, as necessary; however, most of the essay should consist of your own analysis of textual detail, rather than the words of either secondary or primary sources.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Relationship between Natural World and Humanity

Poems are one of the ways that poets get to pass across their messages to the members of the public. Poems express feelings, opinions and help people to understand their environment. Some of the poems even though their authors are not traceable, they remain relevant because of their strong messages they pass across on different aspects that pertains life. The author investigates on how relationship between the natural world and humanity relates between these two poems; Dream of Rood and the Wanderer.

In the Dream of Rood, the narrator is having a dream and his first encounter with the cross, the dreamer sees the cross with gem Cook. The cross even though is stained with blood; it is celebrated together with Jesus Christ who was crucified on it. The cross has become victor, hence, a source of celebration today for the fact that it helped or contributed in securing eternal life for the sinners

On the other hand, The wanderer is also based on religious aspects. Even though, life has many challenges, faith in God seems to be essential. The journey of salvation requires courage to embrace Christian values to be able to seek the meaning beyond transitionary and temporary meaning of earthly values. There is therefore a close relationship between the natural world and humanity in these two poems. What is envisioned in the wonderer is clearly manifested in the Dream of the rood poem. Nature or natural world has its own forces that people cannot control. Humanity is on the other hand based on the attributes or behaviors expected of human beings to manifest. Human beings in their nature, are required to be loving, social animal and expected to have feelings to one another. This therefore makes human being to be respectful, have mercy, companion and as well face challenges in life that requires them to persevere and to improvise measures of overcoming them.

In the Dream of Road, human beings are expected to suffer and to struggle for them to achieve their goals. They need to suffer to achieve victory. Crucifixion in the poem is illustrated by the suffering of both Christ and cross. From these suffering they managed to undergo a transformation from defeat to victor. The cross and Christ had to persevere the piercing but at the end they managed to succeed. Humanity has no mercies as the tree is cut from the forest and it is as well subjected to torture, mocking and nails. Christ as well undergoes this torture in hand of the human beings.

This is an indication of lost humanity among the human race. However, all these tribulation and anguish results into positivity. The resurrection of the cross and Christ is something that is beyond human comprehension. The cross resurrects and is covered in gold and silver overcoming nature. The tree is now honored amidst all other trees. Hope in eternal life is renewed and the dreamer is renewed and seek to find this glorious Rood. Therefore, this poem shows that indeed, human beings may lack humanity in them through their actions, but they are under certain powerful forces that they cannot be in a position to understand. Seeking the presence of God is the only source of people happiness

These themes in the dream of Rood are as well exemplified in the Wonderer. The wonderer exemplifies various themes of nature of humanity and the quest and hope, for God. Wonderer or this lone dweller even though is condemned to travel on his own in the ice-cold sea, he still hopes for the God mercy. He says that he is an ‘earth-stepper’.

This lone dweller recounts sufferings that he faced such as slaughter of his relatives, and this, made him not to talk to anyone. Human kind have lost their humanity as they subject others to sufferings just as is in the case of the Dream of the Rood where a tree is cut and is crucified together with Christ.

People must be able to look into their minds and thoughts before engaging in anything they do. Even with these sufferings, people are required to remain optimistic. The killing of his lord even though hurting, it did not have to make him obsolete, but he needs to look for someone to hang on and to give him treasures.

Life is something that keeps on changing. People go through different life experiences that make them to undergo mixed feelings and experience different emotions (Cook 127). Sometimes, one is exalted and happy but sometimes this experience can turn into despair. The earth stepper cannot believe how the people and the situations have changed into despair. Procrastination and flashbacks hurts him more when he remembers the good, life and encounters in the past with his boss.

Even with these challenges, wisdom is important and which manifests itself in the old age. As the earth, stepper alludes. A wise man is expected to have certain attributes such as emotionally stable, patient, and always be careful on whatever words they utter. Worrier should not be foolish, weak and cowardly. Therefore, they must respond appropriately when making certain decisions. These are the attributes that the poet exemplifies and attributes to humanity. Human beings have changing feelings and moods depending on their situations and age.

Natural world is also exemplified in the poem as the poet attributes all powers and glory to the supernatural being who is God. The warriors, the wise men, and every kind of humanity are under the authority of God. God has the power to destroy everything on earth. Before God, everything is worthless. All things even making even with their pleasures, and sufferings they will all pass away into nothing less as though they have never happened or existed.

Therefore, these two poems resonate and are similar in many ways. They all portray humanity in similar ways. In the Dream of the Rood, man is viewed as cruel, tortured, having no mercies. Similarly, in the wonderer, it is still man that kills and slaughters others without mercy. However, in all situations, the powers of God -natural world superseded. The resurrections of both the cross and Christ is explained by the natural world and is beyond human control. The actions and the behaviors of people depend on the situations and the experiences. These behaviors and actions also keep on changing but it is only by more having faith that people will be able to overcome.

The two poems also make it clear that, it is only through seeking the favor and comfort from God that humanity stability rest. After going through all sorts of suffering and torture, there is always a victor at the end. It however will require perseverance and endurance for people to emerge as victors. The Dream of Rood poem depicts how the cross and Christ emerged victor regardless of subjected to gem and dirty. They came out as gold and silver that all people admired and sought. Similarly, in the Wonderer, this man after being subjected to different life situations, he acknowledges the superiority and power of the Almighty who is to be atoned and in Him sort refugee in.

Wonderers assert clearly that earthly glory degenerates, as salvation through faith in God will always stand. In God,” in whom all stability dwells” meaning that heavenly values supersedes earthly value (Klinck 27). Human beings even though get attached to the earthly things and situations, they are as well required to be subjected and be guided by the heavenly values.

In conclusion, the two poems, the Dream of the Rood and the Wonderer, exemplify on the themes of natural world and humanity in similar ways. Humanity is portrayed to change and to transform depending on various situations. Human beings have emotions, feelings and moods that keep on changing. Sometimes they are happy, sometimes in anguish, selfish and merciless obedience among other. Humans crucified Christ on the cross in the Dream of the hood and are still humanity that showed no companion and mercy upon fellow colleagues through their killings. However, above all this tribulation, the source of hope and inspiration is to trust in the Almighty. Believing in supernatural being, is a source of comfort and a source of refugee. Therefore, natural world in the poem is portrayed as the victor, source of hope and beyond the imaginations of human kind. While humanity in these two poems is based on the feelings, emotions and situations that people find themselves in. The world is not trusted and more precedence seems to be on spirituality and religious than humanity.

Works cited

Cook, Albert. The Dream of the Rood: An Old English Poem Attributed to Cynewulf. Oxford: Clarendon Press, (2007). Print.

Klinck, Anne. The Old English Elegies: A Critical Edition and Genre Study (2001). Print.

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Domestic terrorism based on Kaplan

Domestic terrorism based on Kaplan, J. (2008). Terrorism fifth wave

Order Instructions:

Number 1 discussion is based on: Kaplan, J. (2008). Terrorism fifth wave: A theory, a conundrum, and a dilemma. Perspectives on Terrorism, 2(2). Retrieved from: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/26/html

1. Read pages 1-4: Four-Wave Theory and Characteristics of Fifth Wave Groups. Comment on the establishment of a typical domestic break-away group and give an example of an actual terrorist group in the United States.

2. Does extremism equal terrorism? Are the tactics and behaviors of domestic extremists Constitutionally protected or criminal acts?

Discuss, remembering to cite your sources.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Q1.

According to the Four Waves Theory postulated by Prof. David Rapport, the establishment of a typical domestic breakaway group is not clearly accounted for, since the above ideology merely explains the philosophies connected to international terrorism. Critically, the theory is limited in scope to espouse the occurrence of such groups, but the author of the article, Kaplan, provides a guiding thought that these breakaway domestic groups could be a completely new stem of terrorist amalgams, that adopt new orientations, objectives, and focus (Kaplan, 2008). As opposed to championing an international agenda, these small groups break away from the main group or initial focus, and adopt a more centralized objective that targets local entities. Kaplan describes this as the Fifth Wave of Modern Terrorism (Kaplan, 2008). An actual domestic terrorist group in the US is the Abdullah Azzam Brigades, which was initially affiliated to al Qaeda, but has since adopted a more localized focus in the US., as well as other countries.

Q2.

Basing my argument on the tactics of extremist groups, I would strongly posit that extremism equals terrorism, since the actions advanced by these groups are almost similar. While the foundations of the extremist and terrorist groups might despair, the means used by the two groups to achieve their objectives are the same. Basically, a terrorist act is that which is leveled against the innocent, destroys lives and property en masse, and its consequences are not commensurate to the ideology being advanced (Levin, 2006). From this definition, it is clear that even extremism goes to the same height to further a predetermined course. This qualifies it as outright terrorism, regardless of the nature of the course being championed.

References

Levin, J. (2006). Domestic terrorism. New York: Chelsea House.

Kaplan, J. (2008). Terrorism fifth wave: A theory, a conundrum, and a dilemma. Perspectives on Terrorism, 2(2). Retrieved from: http://www.terrorismanalysts.com/pt/index.php/pot/article/view/26/html

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The American inequality system Assignment

The American inequality system

Order Instructions:

I need to post this to my discussion board . The file name “Discussion:…” contains the instructions to do this work. The other files are reference material needed.

Thank you.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Abstract

The American inequality system stems from its inability to control the Wall Street financial system whose basis is founded on democratic principles that have been hijacked by the holders of the top government agencies that have been charged with the responsibility of creating and implementing policies that are fair to all citizens of the America. The top executives of multinational companies that control the economy of the US and their liaison offices have made Washington their second home in an effort to be close to the center of American political power. Policies and laws that are against the interest of these companies are quietly lobbied and done away with even before they reach the glare of the public.

The American social system and the equality structures have been greatly undermined by the following three setbacks;

Massive concentration of income or financial earnings at the top or highest end of economic ladder
Government policies centered on winner-take-it all
No attention on long term transformation of these policies that lies behind the American political offices.

These weaknesses are partly interrelated as they stem from political offices that have the powers to control their influences through proper and effective implementation of legislation that may make it illegal for some corporations to engage in lobbying for enactment of bills that border on open discrimination against some sections of the population. There is a direct relationship between the sudden rises of inequality and the American politics.

The American public administration has attempted to address the core values and social equity in public administration but the irony is that over the years the American system has grown less equal practically in all aspects of social life, economically and even politically. The gap between the have and have-nots is steadily increasing. Henri Fayol’s principles of equity in employment seem not to be working for the American people. The concepts of social equity are based on justice, equality and fairness in public administration.

The government needs to ensure that there is moral leadership in public administration where social equity is a must in all its undertakings where social justice is proactively implemented and the laws are administered in a fair manner. The task force on the American inequality that was conducted by the American Political Science Association concluded that;

Disparities in income distribution, access to opportunities and wealth is growing more sharply in America than in any other country globally.
The progress made on the ideals of American democracy may be stalling and in some areas even reversed.
The interests of the better-off are conveyed to the government with consistency, clarity and also forcefully. On the contrary the interests of the majority of Americans who are lower or moderate income earners pass without any notice.

The Enron scandal brought to the limelight the greed of the American system where even the professionals were not spared. The dissolution and the subsequent arrests of the directors of the Arthur Andersen audit and accounting consultants and the prosecution of the managers of Enron Corporation was a win against the inequality of the American system. The losses were colossal and it was a big loss to the American people. (Porretto, 2007)

The directors of Enron paid themselves billions of dollars without regard to the American tax payers while under the supervision of Arthur Andersen who mandated to safeguard the tax payers funds. It was a case of a social injustice as well as the perpetration of inequality in the American system of administration.

Job applications to certain private firm’s may be a waste of time because of different reasons. But when I succeeded in getting an interview with a private auditing company in New York I was excited. The interview never took place as i was classified as mistaken identity the moment I turned up at the reception. The only reason I was given was that I was not the one they expected despite my evident admirable records and testimonials. The reason that could justify my unsuccessful interview was probably not related to my qualification or capability to handle the job but maybe other factors may have contributed like race or nationality.

The American government has attempted to address the core values in public and private companies that deal with segregation and diversity as well implemented the American civil act of 1964 that outlaws any forms of discrimination but it has to do more to educate the public on the dangers of discrimination and its effects on future generations.

I have chosen this strategy as it’s democratic and peaceful. Its effect if implemented may increase social cohesion and promote the growth of natural justice in America.

References

Porretto, J. (2007). “Ex-Enron broadband head sentenced”. USA Today. Archived from the original on 2010-10-17. Retrieved 2010-10-17.

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Business assessment Paper two Assign

Business assessment Paper two

Order Instructions:

Diploma of Business
BSB50207

ASSESSMENT TWO

Instructions to students:

Each assessment question requires a written answer of at least 100 words.

Use your study materials and personal research to answer these questions.
Don’t copy, or cut and paste

Please remember to place your name at the top or bottom of your document and email to business@academique.com.au or print and hand in at Reception.

ASSESSMENT TWO

Part A

You will need to refer to your business plan to complete part A of this assessment.

Prepare a minimum (2 page) report to the Managing Director of Global Star. Your report should communicate the viability of making changes to current business operations.

Please include the following points (minimum 1 paragraph) per point in your report as follows:

Outline at least three new marketing ideas and opportunities as a result of your research
Link these new marketing ideas to the goals and future objectives of the organisation
Evaluate each opportunity and outline the impact to the current business
Include financials and feasibility information to include a probable return on investment
Suggest recommended operational changes to the current business model
Estimate the resources and costs associated with these operational changes
Include all relevant forms of Legislative considerations when making operational changes (e.g. privacy laws, anti-discrimination, ethical principles etc.)

Your report should be written in a way which is culturally appropriate and relates to people from diverse backgrounds and abilities.

Part B

Research and interpret a current marketing plan (template). www.business.gov.au or other website searches will assist you in the following task. Please ensure you outline and list all the key elements (content) required when creating a sustainable marking plan for a business.

Not only are you required to provide a list of content but also provide a brief description against each key point.

For example: Marketing Objectives defines what you want to accomplish through your marketing activities.

GOOD LUCK!!!

SAMPLE ANSWER

Part A

Question 1:

The three new marketing ideas and opportunities that would create a great commercial opportunity to Global star are: first, what need to fill or what problem to solve that will create a value proposition to the company. Second is the idea of how to make money which provides an opportunity of the revenue model. Third is the idea of how the market will either grow or shrink. This is the market growth. It should create an opportunity for the increase in demand of the products or services of the business over time (Hyman & Sierra, 2010).

Question 2:

If Global Star should consider the value proposition, they will be able to achieve their goals on the manufacturing since they will be able to use the best-in-class door and window in manufacturing techniques that will maximize the quality of all their products. Identification of the revenue model will help to attract even more people and keep innovative customer-focused employees who will in return reward the company’s performance fairly and equitably. If the market growth factor is considered, the company will be able to achieve its operations goal in achieving the best in class warehousing, ordering and the distribution practices.

Question 3:

Value proposition applies to an entire organization. It is based on a review and the analysis of benefits, costs and value that the organization can deliver to its customers both new and prospective. Its impact to Global Star is that it positions value. That is, Value is said to be equal to benefits minus costs where costs include the economic risk like investing in common stock. The revenue model allows the entire business to be structured around the around it. It does not allow any decision to have more potential to break the business. Its impact to global Star is that it impacts the marketing and the sales efforts and it also affects the product and the service design on the company. The market growth can at times be slow more especially if the consumers do not adopt to a high demand if the consumers find their product or service important for the price level. It is however important to Global Star if it has to grow and prosper. Its success will generate increased incomes, which would encourage further economic growth.

Question 4:

To include a probable return on investments, Global star is required to know its goals, by which to measure the success of the finances, know a good and reliable range for demand, know the cash needs to start up a business and know the operating expenses. Just by looking at the business from its financial perspective, it is possible to predict with reasonable accuracy whether or not the business is feasible. It is necessary to assess the business goals, the skills, resources, experience, knowledge and barriers among others. On the financials, the startup capital needs are analyzed, the Pro Forma balance Sheet and the income statement, the operating revenue projections and expenses, the working capital and the future cash flow need.

Question 5:

The recommended operational changes are on the technological changes, which are often introduced as the components of larger strategic changes although they at times take place specifically on their own. This is an important aspect because it will help in the determination of who within the company will be threatened by the change. This should be incorporated within the company’s overall system and at the same time, a management structure is created to support it. Another operational change includes the people changes, which involve the change of workers considering their attitudes and behaviors so as to increase their effectiveness. This is the most difficult though the most important part of the change process.

Question 6:

There are four major costs for the change management in organizations (Cameron & Green, 2009). First, is the dedicated resource on a project team. The project manager takes on the responsibility for a small change to a change ready group. Second is the procurement of methodology and tools. These are the tools that are available to be used by the change management resources. Third is the purchase of the source materials necessary for change. These materials are used by managers and supervisors in their exercises in coaching during the change process. Last is the training time and costs necessary during training. This applies to everyone involved in the company. This involves the managers and the supervisors as the trainers for change, the senior leaders as sponsors, the change management resources and the project teams.

Question 7:

When making changes, the privacy laws provide better protection to individuals with regard to how the personally information may have been collected. The operational changes include the privacy principles and apply to small businesses with a turnover of $3 million or less and also to those with an annual turnover of $3million or more. On the other hand, the state laws require that organizations should form a workplace that is free from anti-discrimination. It is important for employers to understand their rights and responsibilities under the human rights and the antidiscrimination law. By putting all these in place in your business, then you are assured of an improved productivity and increased efficiency (Cameron & Green, 2009).

Part B: Marketing plan

One of the most important areas of the small business owners is the development of a marketing plan. Though being the most important, most businesses overlook it. An effective marketing plan acts as a reference document that helps in the execution of the marketing strategy. It also helps to develop a methodical approach for creating products and services that would satisfy the customer’s needs (Marketing plan template, 2013).

Market planning should be an ongoing business activity. As there exists change in the market conditions and the business, you will need to revisit many of the ideas and strategies that are outlined in the marketing plan. Referring to the plan ensures that the business keeps heading in the right direction.

Key Elements Required When Creating a Sustainable Marketing Plan for a Business

First, there should be a background analysis for the business. The business opportunities and the challenges should be detailed. This helps to define the business capabilities. Second is the future analysis of the business where the vision statement and the marketing objectives are stated. This defines exactly what you would want your marketing plan to accomplish in the future. Third is the analysis of the market where the business states its target market, marketing strategy and the marketing mix. The target market explains who the business will be selling its products to. The marketing strategy details how you will bring your products and services to the market in a customer satisfaction way. The marketing mix is the elements that make up the marketing strategy. Fourth is the financial analysis of the business where the action plans and budgets bring the strategies and the marketing goals to life.

References

Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2009). Making Sense of Change Management : A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools & Techniques of Organizational Change. London: Kogan Page.

Hyman, M. R., & Sierra, J. J. (2010). Marketing Research Kit for Dummies. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley.

Marketing Plan Template: Exactly What to Include. (2013). Promotional Marketing, 3.

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Business assessment paper; Question and answer

Order Instructions:

ASSESSMENT ONE

Instructions to students:

Each assessment question requires a written answer of at least 100 words.

Use your study materials and personal research to answer these questions.
Do not copy, or cut and paste

Please remember to place your name at the top or bottom of your document and email to business@academique.com.au or print and hand in at Reception.

ASSESSMENT ONE

1. Write a definition and give one example for each of the following:

Profitability
Public sector marketing
Telemarketing
Knockout factors
Return on investment
Weighted criteria

2. Research and analyse the attached Business Plan on Global Star to determine their future marketing needs and opportunities. Provide a brief outline of at least 3 marketing opportunities you can see as a result of your research.

3. Outline and rank in order of priority the 3 marketing opportunities in terms of their overall contribution to the businesses bottom line.

4. Using the same business plan determine 2 potential new market opportunities for the business and provide a brief outline of these prospects.

5. Consider some innovative and creative marketing ideas that you could develop into potential marketing opportunities.

6. Identify and research the goals and objectives of the organization as listed in the business plan. How do the marketing opportunities link to organizational goals and capabilities?

7. Evaluate 3 marketing opportunities and discuss how these impact the business and its customer base in general.

8. Outline the financial viability of each marketing opportunity. (A SWOT analysis may assist you to identify the financial feasibility of each opportunity – this is not compulsory).

9. Provide a brief summary on the probable return on investment and potential competitors for each marketing opportunity.

10. List at least 3 operational changes you would need to make to ensure viability of these new marketing opportunities. How would you ensure quality of service to the existing customer base?

11. Provide a brief summary of the estimated resources required to support the operational changes.
SAMPLE ANSWER

Business assessment paper

Profitability: This is the primary goal of any organization’s operations. It is a measure that is used to determine how an organization is able to balance between its incomes and expenses. When an organization sells products it generates an income. For the sold product to be produced, the organization incurs costs. The difference between the two shows the profitability.

Public sector marketing: This is seeks to recommend and express solutions that address the relationships and exchanges that occur between government organizations, groups of individuals, organizations, communities and individuals, with respect to performance of and request for public-oriented tasks and services.

Telemarketing: This is a form of marketing where the proponents use the telephone to solicit for prospective buyers to purchase the products or services on offer. It is the most interactive marketing medium of all available. Its interactive nature allows the telemarketer to address concerns raised by prospects, answer their questions and overcome their objectives

Knockout factors: These are exceptional qualities that vigorously contribute to an achievement. They could also be items of selection criteria use in performing comparative analysis and eliminate certain options and other considerations.

Return on investment: This could be defined as the benefit of an investment when viewed against the cost on investment. It is determined when the net profit is divided by net worth. The resultant figure shows the performance of the business.

Weighted criteria: This seeks to assign a weight – measure of importance, to a particular component or factor, which shows the value attached to it. A weighted criterion allows for evaluation of alternatives and determination of the most appropriate given the specific need to be added.
2. Research and analyse the attached Business Plan on Global Star to determine their future marketing needs and opportunities. Provide a brief outline of at least 3 marketing opportunities you can see as a result of your research.

Global Star Enterprise (GSE) needs to expand its operations beyond the Australian borders, expand the product portfolio, value add on present products and offer services that add value to their products – installation of doors sold by GSE. GSE could expand into South East Asia, develop products that complement the current product line, offer services that complement current product portfolio and increase market share by more outlets in Australia (Heng, 2008).
3. Outline and rank in order of priority the 3 marketing opportunities in terms of their overall contribution to the businesses bottom line.

The most important marketing opportunity lies across the border in South East Asia. The market for GSE products and services is huge and growing. Despite the additional costs of actualizing this strategy, it should contribute positively and significantly to the bottom line once the market is established. There also exists marketing opportunities within the already existing markets by offering services not previously on offer – installation. Finally, GSE could expand internally by opening more outlets and showrooms across the country.
4. Using the same business plan determine 2 potential new market opportunities for the business and provide a brief outline of these prospects.

South East Asia offers the best prospect of success among the potential market opportunities that exist. The South East Asia should not be a hard market to penetrate and serve given the proximity to Australia. Another potential market opportunity lies in new territories within Australia boundaries. GSE has not been able to cover the whole country. Opening new showrooms and outlets will allow GSE bring the products closest to the consumers (Covello, & Hazelgren, 2006).

Consider some innovative and creative marketing ideas that you could develop into potential marketing opportunities.

GSE could consider offering installation services with every purchase of its products, as a way of introducing its installation services to consumers. GSE could also consider following up on all customers who have come through its doors and ask for a recommendation. GSE could also map out all the construction sites and visit them aggressively seeking new business for its new and existing product line.
6. Identify and research the goals and objectives of the organization as listed in the business plan. How do the marketing opportunities link to organizational goals and capabilities?

It is GSE’s goal to expand its market. It has the capacity to meet the additional product requirement in the new markets. It also offers the marketing team new territories where to seek new markets. It is also the goal of GSE to diversify its product portfolio. To this end, GSE is looking to start producing Awnings in addition to offering additional services – installations services. This helps GSE diversify its income streams – cushioning the business from traditional business shocks and ensure the business is able to maintain its growth trajectory (Zaharuddin, 2008).
7. Evaluate 3 marketing opportunities and discuss how these impact the business and its customer base in general.

Expansion to South East Asia offers a whole new market for GSE products. The successful entry into the South East Asian market will double if not triple the customer base. Secondly, expansion within Australia via opening of new showrooms and outlets will see GSE expand its footprint to more regions in Australia. This should considerably increase the customer base.

Thirdly, the introduction of new products will bring into GSE customer base a new demographic group previously not part of its base. This new group will also include previous customers who did seek complementary services from other vendors given GSE was not offering (Zaharuddin, 2008).
8. Outline the financial viability of each marketing opportunity. (A SWOT analysis may assist you to identify the financial feasibility of each opportunity – this is not compulsory).

The south East Asia will offer GSE a dynamic and rapidly expanding market that should profitable to service. Though the servicing the South East Asia market will require developing logistics capabilities, it offers GSE opportunity to enter a new market and offer new product lines. However, the threat of cheap knock-offs competing unfairly in this market.

The development of the Awnings will allow GSE to exploit the excess capacity already existing to maximize returns. Though this is a new product – not previously produced by GSE, it has the potential of opening new markets segments. This however could result in GSE stretching itself such that the quality associated with its current product portfolio getting compromised.

Finally, offering value addition services – installation, GSE will rely on its developed reputation for developing quality product and established sales channels to push the new service. This is at the risk of consumers deciding that they like the separation of services as things were. Despite this weakness, the service will allow GSE to be a player in market segments that were previously not addressed while making a strong case against the external and independent contractors GSE used to do the installation (Covello, & Hazelgren, 2006).
9. Provide a brief summary on the probable return on investment and potential competitors for each marketing opportunity.

The expansion into South East Asia could result in significantly raise GSE product output while opening new feedback channels. GSE must however be aware of potential completion from cheap knock-offs from Asia and already existing companies.

The introduction and addition of Awnings into GSE product portfolio opening up a new income stream for the company. Despite the potential of competition from organizations already producing the products, given GSE does not invest in new infrastructure to product the product means the cost will be low, allowing it a competing chance (Heng, 2008).

List at least 3 operational changes you would need to make to ensure viability of these new marketing opportunities. How would you ensure quality of service to the existing customer base?

To meet the requirement of the South East Asian market, the production shifts could increase – especially when the market has been conquered. With the production of the Awnings, GSE will have to train employees to produce them. The introduction of the installation services, GSE will need employee who can perform the installation.

Provide a brief summary of the estimated resources required to support the operational changes.

GSE will need to invest in training of personnel to undertake the new services, and to inform about the existing product and service lines. There will be a need for sales people to be hired in South East Asia to drive the sales in the new market. GSE will also need to train its existing staff on production of Awnings and offer installation service

References

Covello, J. A & Hazelgren, B. J (2006) Complete Book of Business Plans: Simple Steps to Writing Powerful Business Plans, Sourcebooks, Inc, Naperville, IL.

Heng, G. M (2008) Conducting Your Impact Analysis for Business Continuity Planning, 2^nd Ed, Tampines Central, Singapore.

Zaharuddin, H (2008) Business Plan Analysis for Steel Fabricators, Dian Anugerah Prakasa, West Java, Indonesia.

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Assistant Human Resources Manager legalities

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B L Assignment Grade Rubric

Assignment 1: Good Grocers, Inc.
Due Week 6 and worth 150 points
Note: The company mentioned herein is merely a hypothetical organization with characteristics developed to enable students to respond to the assignment. You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed for the completion of this assignment.

After Good Grocers, Inc. expanded its organic produce section and adopted a “buy local” policy, sales increased. The Virginia-based chain expanded its retail locations from seven to twelve (7 to 12) over the last three (3) years.
As the Assistant Human Resources Manager, your job is to advise store managers about legal and personnel matters. The leadership at Good Grocers, Inc. considers you to be a legally astute manager, who consults with the corporation’s attorney, as necessary. The corporation’s leadership has tasked you with managing two (2) situations have come across your desk. Please respond with support that is backed by the law.
Write a three to four (3-4) page paper which addresses the two (2) situations from two (2) store managers.

Situation 1
Last week, my produce manager reported the following incident:
As I came out from the bakery, I saw a woman lying on the floor of the produce department. Her husband started yelling at me, saying, “She slipped on a banana peel and fell. My wife is the anchorwoman for NEWSNOW, and we are going to sue you!”
She didn’t look hurt, but I called 911 and filed an incident report that contained the facts of the situation. When viewing the area, I did, in fact, see a banana peel on the floor, but it was still yellow and lying on top of a ribbed rubber mat. The woman in question was wearing five-inch high heels. But I wasn’t sure what to say, other than the woman would be hearing from us.

1. Explain whether this situation is best handled by litigation or by a particular form of alternative dispute resolution.
2. Based on how you would handle this situation, either through litigation or a particular form of alternative dispute resolution, outline the key next steps involved in seeking a resolution. Justify your response.

Situation 2
Last week, my bakery manager was short an employee over Mother’s Day weekend when the bakery is always busy. To make up for being shorthanded, the bakery manager called in Ms. Greene, an independent contractor. Generally, Ms. Greene comes in on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday nights between 6 to 9 p.m. just to decorate cakes; she has her own bakery business. We furnish all of her equipment, and we pay her by the cake.
Ms. Greene worked eight (8) hours on Saturday and another eight (8) hours on Sunday over Mother’s Day weekend. We paid her $15.00 per hour. On the following Monday when Ms. Greene came in, she told me that she wanted to receive the same benefits as the other Good Grocers part-time employees, LEG 100 – Assignments and Rubrics such as paid time off and employee discounts. Ms. Greene asserted that she really is a part-time employee who deserves the usual employee benefits.
3. Determine whether Ms. Greene is an independent contractor or a part-time employee. Provide a rationale for your response.

4. Explain the reasoning supporting whether or not Ms. Greene should receive the same benefits as part-time employees.

Suggested resources for this assignment:
1. Access your Learning Resource Center (LRC) at the top of your iCampus screen. Search by keyword for business articles on arbitration, mediation, or independent contractors. You may also use your LRC to access legal topics and articles through the Lexis Nexis database.
2. At FindLaw, located at http://www.findlaw.com/, you may search by legal topic or enter a keyword(s) into a search box to find relevant information and articles.
3. You may use the following additional resources:
• Internal Revenue Service (IRS): http://www.irs.gov/Businesses/Small-Businesses-&-Self-Employed/Independent-Contractor-Self-Employed-or-Employee
• The Virginia Department of Labor and Industry: http://www.doli.virginia.gov/laborlaw/laborlaw.html

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Use at least two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment, such as a government Website, and include internal citations. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Describe the legal environment of business, the sources of American law, and the basis of authority for government to regulate business.
• Explain basic court procedures, types of courts, and alternative dispute resolution methods.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in business law.
• Write clearly and concisely about business law using proper writing mechanics.

Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic / organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric. Points: 150 Assignment 1: Good Grocers, Inc.
Criteria Unacceptable
Below 60% F Meets Minimum Expectations
60-69% D Fair
70-79% C Proficient
80-89% B Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Explain whether this situation is best handled by litigation or Did not submit or incompletely explained Insufficiently explained whether this Partially explained whether this Satisfactorily explained whether this Thoroughly explained whether this

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

The produce manager’s description of the scenario witnessed sounds like the aggrieved party is very unhappy with the Grocery’s management and they are blaming the incompetency of the Grocery’s management in handling its operations that resulted to the injury of the complainant. As a legal adviser to the grocery’s management i would opt for an Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to try and negotiate a fair and reasonable settlement with the complainant as its obvious that the injury to the complainant occurred as a result of the negligence of the company’s operation staff who should have noted the banana peels on the floor and disposed them to the trash can or to their respective place. It’s immaterial whether they were dumped by another client as the store is vicariously responsible for all injury that occurs within its premises as long as they are within the limits of reasonable duty of care that their clients are owed by the management.

This paper analyzes the pros and cons of litigation, the court based adjudication process and the Alternative Dispute Resolution methods of resolving the incident.

The ADR is one of the methods that the grocer’s management can apply to resolve the dispute. The ADR processes can be distributive or integrative. Distributive ADR processes are win/lose situations where one of the parties to the dispute wins the case while the other loses or alternatively there may be many pieces of the pie where one gets a piece of this or that. It’s mostly referred to in cases of money or property disputes. Integrative ADR is a process which results in a win/win situation. There is no loser or winner in this process as its interest based. It encourages cooperation in most cases. Both parties work out a solution that is beneficial to the parties to the dispute and retains their relationships. (Lynch, 2001)

Litigation is one of the methods of court based adjudication that the grocer’s management can resort to if the ADR fails. Litigation is a legal lawsuit that’s filed by the complainant or one of the parties in a lawsuit and which is decided in a court room before a judge or a jury. Litigation is mostly intimidating and even risky for both litigants as the case can be adversarial as it’s always a battle between the lawyers of the two parties in the dispute and justice is rarely the end result of such cases. Through litigation the plaintiff can obtain money, place restrictive orders or injunctions or even have documents interpreted. The outcome of most litigation is that one party wins while the other loses. Litigation maybe expensive and prohibitive besides one must be prepared to face the crowded courtrooms where even one’s private life can also be revealed to the public. Litigation processes leads to protracted legal battles that may be lengthy and which destroys relationships and fuels hatred. http://www.ciarb.org/dispute-resolution/resolving-a-dispute/litigation/

However the decisions of the courts are binding and enforceable. They can also be appealed. Most of the decisions of the courts are based on legal precedents hence they can be predictable.

Just as much as anyone deserves a right to be heard in a court of law, the advantages and disadvantages of litigation should be considered before right resolution method is adopted. Litigation destroys most relationships while ADR promotes peaceful resolutions and maintains most relationships. (Gianna, 2010)

The position of the grocer’s management would preferably be the ADR method of dispute resolution however the company would be under legal obligation to attend to any method opted or preferred by the complainant.

The process of ADR involves;

Choose a mediator who is acceptable to both parties. He should be a trained and skilled mediator who may be an expert in the subject matter. The mediator should facilitate the discussion and the negotiation on the dispute between the two parties who may be physically present or through their attorneys.

Both parties need to prepare for the mediation which should be voluntary and each should be allowed to propose the venue and time of the ADR. Once both parties have agreed on the venue and time of the ADR then they should be able to share the information on the dispute in the presence of the mediator who should have been given the agenda of the meeting and the issues that are subject of the dispute. The messenger should finally act as the messenger between the parties and later once the dispute is resolved all the parties must receive signed copies of the deal.

Ms. Greene is not a part time employee though she uses the company equipment but she is paid by piece rate i.e. depending on the number of cakes decorated. She consistently works between 6 and 9p.m every Monday, Wednesday and Fridays but she does not depend on the company for her survival. She does not qualify as a part time employee as the nature of her work is not controlled by the employer. She is an independent contractor as she controls the nature of her work. Her case is similar to the facts of the case Antison v FedEx Ground Package System, Inc, December 20, 2010, Cox, R where the drivers of FedEx were declared to be independent contractors as per the test of Right to Control Test and Economic Realty.

But for the purposes of Social Security and Medicare Taxes, Miss Greene may be declared a statutory employee as the equipment she uses are not has and she performs the job herself and which is repetitive. The Social Security and Medicare Taxes should be with held by the employer though she is an independent contractor. (Koch, 2014)

Miss Greene should not receive the benefits as part time employees as she is an independent contractor but her employer should legally withhold her Social Security and Medicare Taxes as she is a statutory employee. The equipment she uses belongs to the employer besides she performs the job herself and it’s also is repetitive as defined by the IRS. The IRS defines her employment as statutory employee and makes the employer liable for any non-payment of Social Security and Medicare Taxes. She does not substantially depend on the income from the company to sustain herself as in the case of Antison v FedEx Ground Package System, Inc, December 20, 2010, Cox, R. The Right to Control Test and Economic Realty test applies and Miss Greene has the total control of her work and her economic status does not entirely depend on the material company in question. (McConville, 2014)

To conclude, the ADR is the most convenient, fair and reasonable method of settling the dispute above. The complainant may prefer the litigation process which is expensive, time consuming and may take a long time before the case is determined. Most people prefer ADR methods of dispute resolutions as most relationships are maintained by the end of the process. Litigation destroys most relationships while ADR promotes peaceful resolutions and maintains most relationships.

Managers should have an in-depth knowledge of employee working conditions and terms of service as defined by the IRS. These would make it easier for them to know when they are supposed to withhold the Social Security and Medicare Taxes when required by law. Also when determining employee benefits and terms of service.

References

Antison v FedEx Ground Package System, Inc, December 20, 2010, Cox, R

Gianna, T. (2010) “Avoid court at all costs” The Australian Financial Review Nov. 14 2008. (April 19, 2010)

http://www.ciarb.org/dispute-resolution/resolving-a-dispute/litigation/

Koch, M. (2014) “The Tax Risks of Misclassifying Employees,” The National Law Review

Lynch, J. (2001) “ADR and Beyond: A Systems Approach to Conflict Management”, Negotiation

Journal, Volume 17, Number 3, July 2001, Volume, p. 213.

McConville, T. M. (2014). “Don’t Misclassify Workers as Independent Contractors”. The National Law Review Retrieved 14 June 2

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The US Covert Action Essay Paper Assignment

The US Covert Action

Order Instructions:

Please use two sources per question

Question 1:
George Kennan authored a policy document—NSC 10/2—that characterized covert action as those activities “so planned and conducted that any U.S. government responsibility for them is not evident to unauthorized persons and that if uncovered the U.S. government can plausibly disclaim any responsibility for them” (Scott and Rosati 2007).

Is this a realistic expectation for any covert action? Meaning, can we really expect the U.S. hand to remain “hidden” even if the action is discovered? If this is not realistic then why continue with the policy of plausible deniability? Or are there measures that can be put in place to make it a continued viable policy?

Question 2:
Compare any two of the cases discussed in the course (except the Bay of Pigs and the Berlin Tunnel). Base your analysis with the questions provided in the “Lecture Notes” for Week 1:

(1) What was the objective of each operation? Was there an overriding policy imperative or were they missions to gain access to the adversary’s information?

(2) What oversight or legal review occurred during their planning?

(3) Who or which organizations were accountable for the operations? What turf issues arose prior to or during the operations?

(4) What resources were necessary to successfully carry them out?

(5) What was the cost/benefit analysis of each operation? Weigh their risks, especially when they are publicly exposed.

(6) In evaluating each operation, what objectives were achieved and what unintended consequences occurred?

For question 2, please use Congo assassination against Partice Lumumba and the Iran-Contra arms embargo in the 1980s whereby the US sold weapons to Iran through the Israelis to fund the Nicaraguan COntras as the two covert operations.

Question 3:

Please review this hypothetical situation and indicate whether covert action is appropriate (b) identify the risks and benefits of a covert action identify legal hurdles and decide whether the President should inform all the relevant Congressional intelligence committees or limit knowledge to the “Gang of Eight.” Take into consideration political ramifications and possible blowback.

Concern has built up over Bashar al-Assad’s hold on power and his actions against the Syrian opposition. Through a variety of sources, the CIA believes it has a reliable asset inside the regime that could either organize a coup or “eliminate” the leader. The President has asked you to give him an honest assessment on the possibilities for both.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The US Covert Action

Question one

On June 18, 1948, a new directive given from the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) came up with a new directive, NSC 10/2, which superseded the NSC 4-A. The NSC 2/10 gave directives on a new operation called covert action rather than the mere physiological operations as they were used and defined in the NSC 4-A. The covert actions were defined as those activities and operations, which were conducted or sponsored by the U.S. Government against hostile foreign states or groups in support of friendly foreign states or groups, but which are so planned and executed that any U.S. government responsibility for them is not evident to unauthorized persons and that if uncovered, the U.S. government can plausibly disclaim any responsibility. It is not possible for any military operation to be carried out without them getting known to the public that it is the U.S. government behind those operations [1].

The design of the communications and flow of directives gives room or gaps for the leakage of the information. First, the directive requires the creation of a new Office of Special Projects during any covert operation. The office shall be run by a Chief Officer who shall be appointed by the joint committees of security, CIA and National Security Council. The officer shall be reporting to the director of CIA who shall also report to the National Security Council. The NSC is responsible for holding meetings and making decisions that are to be followed by the Chief of the office of Special Projects. These series of communications and decision-making has involved so many people that we cannot trust anybody along the line of communication for keeping the information secret. There are officers who may not be satisfied with such operations and in turn will have to expose the operations to the enemies. There have been so many U.S. army officers who have left operations because they have felt that what the country is doing is not right, and such people have ended up exposing the government [2].

Army operations cannot just be carried out in an imaginary manner, since they are real. The U.S. is one of the world’s strongest countries and its form of attack is unique from the others. This is very evident in the kind of weapons that they use and the way they carry their operations. Therefore, the country cannot support another country in the fight without getting noticed; they shall be notice, the news will be all over the world, and it will be too easy to deny.

Deniability of action is not the best form of defending our country from retaliatory form of attack, but rather installing proper security systems will be very important. Proper measures need to be put in place in order to keep the covert actions very secretive. One of this is to ask the U.S. government never to involve themselves directly in the field as fighters. This will help in hiding the direct identity by the enemies. The possible action that can be taken is to offer financial support to the nations that the U.S. supports so that they can buy the weapons by themselves without giving out its weapons to those nations.

Secondly, whenever the operations are carried out, it is very necessary to remove very length bureaucracies that are unnecessary. The communication line should involve as few people as possible. Long communication lines provide loopholes along the communication through which the information can leak out to the enemies [2]. For instance, the CIA director does not have to report to the NSC for decisions affecting the CIA, let all the decisions be made within CIA. Let the operations be very dependent they should not be monitored with other security agents. The appointment of the Chief of Special Projects let it be done in a very secretive manner and the appointment of the soldiers should be done through thorough scrutiny for the most trustworthy soldiers [2].

Question two

The selling of arms to foreign countries was banned in the early 1980s, but during that time, there were a series of protests in Iran where there were demonstrations carried out against the then president Shah. Shah was one of the closest friends to the United Nations in that time. The demonstrations were so violent and so many U.S. citizens were taken to captivity by the revolutionists. The Nicaraguan rebels also arrested great U.S. government officials and took them captive. This prompted the U.S. to act in order to save the captives. In a bid to save the situation, the then U.S. president Reagan initiated the Boland amendments that prohibited the Defense department, The CIA and any other government agencies, from providing military aid to the contras from December 1983. The Reagan administration circumvented these limitations by using the National Security Council (NSC), which was not so much recognized in the law, to issue arms to the contras [3]. Reagan approved the plan for the sale of weapons to the Iranians. The first missiles were sent from Israel to Iran and after that, American hostage Benjamin was released. In the second plan, they negotiated on the release of Major General Richard. The second load of missiles was released and Major General Richard was released. The funds from the sale of the missiles were diverted to the Nicaraguan Contras through a second enterprise. Reagan authorized the transfer of arms to Iran through the enterprise in order to remove U.S from liability. After that, they took for the third transaction for the release of U.S. citizen who were held hostage. On February 1986, US sent 1000TOWs to Iran but then things did not work out because they were not released. Later, the story got exposed by a Lebanese newspaper and the transaction was stopped after the hostages were released. This destroyed the relationship between the U.S. and Iran [3].

In Congo, there were mixed interests in the mineral rich country. The U.S. was keeping close watch on it, and the Soviet Union too was watching the country closely [4]. The country was colonized by the Belgium by then but in the fight for freedom, Patrice Lumumba became the first prime minister for the Congo Republic. The economic interest in the country by the US saw the country blown down to pieces with a series of fights. Upon taking office, Patrice Lumumba started to fight against the Belgium in an effort to end the European control over the mineral rich country. Lumumba’s government wrote to the UN to help them in the fight but their requests were turned down because the US was interested in the country. Congo turned to Moscow for help who responded by offering military planes that flew the Lumumba’s troops to Katanga province, which was one of the country’s richest province that was totally controlled by the Belgium troops [4]. The US sent in the CIA for a covert operation to end the Lumumba regime. The CIA had to meddle into the Congolese politics to influence the politics so that they can achieve their aims. It was one of the most expensive covert actions with a series of unsuccessful attempts of murdering Lumumba. However, it was one of the very successful covert actions in which the US never engaged in direct attacks with the Soviets and China military. The CIA in coordination with the Belgian intelligence subsidized two opposition senators to pass a vote of no confidence with the government of Lumumba. After the passing of the vote of no confidence then they were to nominate one of the senators as the new prime minister. They also funded the demonstrations, labor movements and propaganda against Lumumba. The move by the CIA faced a lot of drawbacks and at last, the CIA found Mobutu who they used to turn against Lumumba [5]. Mobutu took over and Lumumba was arrested and provided protection under the UN troops. Later on, he was shot dead at Katanga. In terms of cost benefit analysis, this covert operation was very expensive unnecessarily. The government spent a lot of money in the attacks against the Lumumba government. At last, they achieved the objective of dominating the Congo politics and influencing the mineral rich country.

Question three

The covert actions do not demonstrate the elements of respect to democracy and human rights [6]. The covet actions especially after the cold war are signs of lack of democratic growth in the way the US government intervenes in the operation of security in other countries. The covert actions have led to demonstrations in which friends and relatives have lost their loved ones. The covert actions have been conducted through the funding of the opposition leaders of the countries in question so that they can rally against the government of the day. A democratically elected government is removed from power in a democratic manner, which is the rule of democracy. The use of money and power to influence the actions of other nations around the world are actions of the late centuries, which were very beneficial during the time of the cold war and the world war. In this era, these methods are cannot be tolerated in US which is believed to be one of the worlds democratic countries [6].

The use of the covert action has led to the loss of several US soldiers in the name of keeping the interests of the country in other countries. This has brought a lot of discomfort in the security of the nation in the fear of retaliatory attacks from the enemies. There have been several measures that have been put in place in order to ensure that the country is safe, some of these methodologies have caused a lot of discomfort to the citizens of the nation. In fact, the covert actions have seen the US making a lot of enemies instead of friends a trend which is totally unacceptable in the global world [7].

Another disadvantage of the covert action is the amount of resources, both financial and weapons, that are utilized in the conduct of the covert actions. These resources should be utilized in running other beneficial projects that can help improve the life of the Americans.

In essence, the only benefit that the US gains in all these covert actions is the respect as a supper powerful country of the world. They have continually gained control and maintained their selfish interests in the countries where these actions have been carried out. The country has benefitted so much in terms of trade but this trade is only exploitative to those countries. This has seen the economy of the US kept on top if the world map but from unfair and exploitative means of controlling governments for their benefits [7].

In the case of the Bashar al-Assad’s hold on power and his actions against the Syrian opposition, the US government should come in a friendly party interested in ending the situation under question. The president should seek more democratic and official means of ending conflicts in a country. These can involve mediations and negotiations to be carried out. The two opposing parties should be able to come to the agreement and live a peaceful life together. The president should organize for a convoy that will reunite the Syrian government in a democratic manner without causing any side effects. This will ensure respect to democracy and human rights. This is the best way for the US president to intervene; humanity and peace for the Syrians should prevail against economic interests of the US.

Reference

[1] U.S. State Department, Foreign Relations, 1964-1968, Volume V, Vietnam 1967: Note on U.S. Covert Actions. Retrieved from http://cryptome.org/ic-black4701.htm

[2] Corke, S. 2006. George Kennan and the Inauguration of Political Warfare. Journal of Conflict Studies. vol 26, No 1 (2006): Dalhousie University

[3] Isenberg, D. (1989). The Pitfalls of U.S. Covert Operations. Policy Analysis for Iranian case. Retrieved from www.cato.org on 26^th October, 2014.

[4] Slattery, L. (2001). The Congo: How and why the West organized Lumumba’s assassination.

Review of two BBC documentaries: Who Killed Lumumba?, and Mobutu. Retrieved from http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2001/01/lum-j10.htm

[5]What really happened in Congo? (2014, October 26). Retrieved from http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/141523 on 26th October 2014

[6] Best, R. (1996). Covert Action: An Effective Instrument for U.S foreign Policy? CRS Report

for Congress on Foreign Affairs and National Defence Division. Retrieved from http://congressionalresearch.com/96-844/ on 26^th October, 2014.

[7]Bennett, Edward Moore (1985), Franklin D. Roosevelt and the. Search for Security:

American–Soviet Relations, 1933–39, Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, p. 24, ISBN

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Project Management Assignment Help Available

Project Management Assignment

Order Instructions:

Project Management
Your job at Shosheam Logistics located in Denver, Colorado requires you (and family) to move to
Thailand in 6-months time.

Part 1 – Project Scheduling
Using MS Project develop a Gantt chart with the activities necessary to accomplish the move project
and order the activities in a precedence (logical sequential) manner.
Explain and describe (in writing) the number of tasks/activities you have outlined and the order in
which you have placed the tasks/activities for project completion.
If you don’t have access to MS Project, you will need to develop the pieces MS Project does automatically, independently as separate documents in MS Excel.
Using MS Excel, create a Gantt chart by entering the project dates and events into a table

Next create a bar chart depicting the events based on the Gantt chart that you created.

For assistance on creating a Gantt chart in excel visit the MS office help files online and search:
“Creating a Gant chart in MS Excel.” You may also visit: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/excel-help/create-a-gantt-chart-in-excel-HA001034605.aspx

Part 2 – Monitor, Organize, Analyze
Develop an estimation chart showing each activity, the preceding activity required, and associated
costs, with a 3 months, 4.5 months, and 6 months scenario.

Compare the costs of crashing the project from a 6-month timeline into a 4.5-month timeline:
a. Explain and defend (in writing) the pros/cons of crashing the project schedule.
b. What is the impact on personnel and resources to crashing the project?
c. What are the associated risks of crashing the project and how will you manage the risks?
If you don’t have access to MS Project, you will need to develop the pieces MS Project does automatically, independently as separate documents in MS Excel.
First create a table with the variables in MS Excel.
Next create a table that highlights the critical path.
Then create a table that highlights the critical path that you feel is the best candidate for crashing
and explain why you selected this path.

Part 3 – Project Control and Closeout
Explain and defend the processes and procedures you suggest for closing the project. Include the
handoffs, benefits, and lag required to begin operation at your new location.

Your assessment should be well structured. Make good use of bulleted lists, numbered lists, and
tables to further provide structure and clearly communicate information.
The Portfolio Project must be submitted in a single document of 7-10 pages in length, not including
the title and reference pages. The three parts, above, must be included with a detailed explanation of
each required component.
In your submission include at least five outside supportive references, not including the course
textbook, course materials, or other information resources provided as part of the course materials.
These must be cited and integrated into your paper. These are expected to provide information and
support for assertions made in your writing. The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these
references.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

Project management helps in the planning, designing, and facilitating effective organizing, executing, controlling and monitoring of projects. A variety of software are at disposal of any person interested in project management (Project Management Institute, 2003), but in this project Microsoft Excel was used to create the Gantt chart shown below.

Part 1 – Project Scheduling

A table summarizing all the activities to be involved in the relocation project management

	Project Name:	Protocol Project
	Company Name:	Shosheam Logistics
	Date of Report:	1/2/2015

	Task	Start Date	End Date	Days Completed	Days Remaining
House hunting	Task A	08/01/2014	30/12/2014	87	65
Vaccinations	Task B	16/10/2014	26/11/2014	10	30
Applying for visas	Task C	21/10/2014	20/11/2014	5	25
Paying for tickets	Task D	26/10/2014	26/11/2014	0	30
Packaging	Task E	10/09/2014	25/12/2014	20	60
Relocation of items	Task F	16/10/2014	26/11/2014	10	30
Cancel apartment DD	Task G	24/10/2014	29/10/2014	2	3
Cancel banking’s order	Task H	24/10/2014	29/10/2014	2	3
New leasing contract	Task I	02/01/2015	1/2/2015	0	3
Send out new address	Task J	08/01/2015	1/8/2015	0	5
Forwarding request	Task K	08/01/2015	1/8/2015	0	7
Relocation	Task L	21/12/2014	25/12/2014	0	5
Registration office	Task M	07/12/2014	12/8/2014	0	5
Furnish the new flat	Task N	25/01/2015	1/29/2015	0	5
Reregister car	Task O	21/01/2015	1/23/2015	0	2
Open an account	Task P	28/12/2014	30/12/2014	0	5
Move bank account	Task Q	26/01/2015	1/29/2015	0	3
Relocation completed	Task R	29/01/2015	1/30/2015	0	1

The Gantt chart

In order to make sure that the relocation from Denver to Thailand is accomplished a total of 18 activities will required to be addressed ranging from the activities that will be conducted at Denver as well as the activities that will be conducted at Thailand which is the destination. The table shown above lists all the activities in a chronological order whereby each activity will be done after the preceding one has been completed or they can be done concurrently, but the preceding one must have began earlier than the subsequent activity or both should have began at the same time. This is very essential because most of the activities involved in project management are highly dependent on their preceding activities which act as the prerequisites for the successful execution of the subsequent and/or current activities while the current or present activities are very vital in project management because they act as prerequisites of the future activities in the same project.

For instance, the relocation project to be successfully completed all the activities which are listed in the above table must be carried out and are discussed below:

House hunting: This involves using either real estate agents or online renting/leasing agents in order to secure an appropriate house in a timely manner prior to relocation.
Vaccinations: This will involve getting vaccines for the family members as well as the pets which the family may belong as per immigration requirements at Thailand.
Applying for visa: This is a requirement especially the expatriates who have to work in foreign countries and it must be done early enough to avoid travel hitches when the deadline approaches.
Paying for the tickets: After the visas have been issued, the family needs to pay for their air tickets in advance in order to take advantage of any available travel allowances as well as avoiding to lack a flight in case they are all booked on their planned travelling day.
Packaging: The packaging of the family’s belongings needs to be done in advance in order to avoid rushing at the last minute which may be a big inconvenience.
Relocation of items: The durable items which can be relocated in advance such as the car, utensils, furniture and some clothes can be relocated before the actual relocation of the family.
Cancellation of the apartment address: The old address needs to be cancelled to avoid inconvenience to people using it as well as missing of correspondences send using the old address after relocation.
Cancellation of the banking’s order: The banking order in Denver needs to be cancelled when the relocation data draws nearer.
Signing new leasing contract: After the appropriate house has been identified a new leasing contract needs to be signed prior to relocation. This will also involve connecting the utilities such as internet, phone, electricity and water as well as getting details on where they should be paid.
Sending out the new address: The family needs to send out the newly acquired contact address to the bank; company; extended family; and friends.
Forwarding request: This involves forwarding of the relocation request to the destination country which in this case is Thailand.
Relocation: This involves the actual relocation of the family from Denver to Thailand.
Registration office: This will involve registering with the Thailand immigration office as an expatriate to be working in the country.
Furnish the new house: The lease house will require some refurnishing into the family’s desire and taste.
Reregister the car: The family car which had been relocated with other belongings will need to be reregistered by the Thailand authorities and insurance companies.
Open an account: A new account needs to be open for local transactions Thailand.
Move bank account: The bank account that was been used in Denver needs to be moved for continued use by the company.

Relocation completed: After all the above discussed activities have been completed, then the process of family relocation shall have been completed.

The bar chart created depicting the events in the Gantt chart

Part 2 – Monitor, Organize, Analyze

An estimation chart for three scenarios

6-Months Scenario			4.5-Months Scenario			3-Months Scenario
Task	Preceding Task	Estimates Cost	Task	Preceding Task	Estimates Cost	Task	Preceding Task	Estimates Cost
Task A		$2,000	Task A		$3,000	Task E		$5,000
Task B	A	$200	Task E	A	$300	Task F	E	$500
Task C	B	$1,000	Task B	E	$1,000	Task A	F	$1,000
Task D	C	$5,000	Task C	B	$6,000	Task C	A	$7,500
Task E	D	$100	Task F	C	$100	Task B	C	$100
Task F	E	$1,000	Task D	F	$2,000	Task D	B	$2,500
Task G	F	$0	Task I	D	$0	Task I	D	$0
Task H	G	$0	Task K	I	$0	Task G	I	$0
Task I	H	$500	Task G	K	$1,000	Task H	G	$2,500
Task J	I	$500	Task H	G	$600	Task K	H	$800
Task K	J	$300	Task J	H	$300	Task J	K	$300
Task L	K	$3,000	Task L	J	$3,500	Task N	J	$4,000
Task M	L	$500	Task N	L	$500	Task L	N	$500
Task N	M	$1,000	Task M	N	$1,500	Task M	L	$2,500
Task O	N	$500	Task Q	M	$500	Task P	M	$500
Task P	O	$100	Task P	Q	$100	Task Q	P	$100
Task Q	P	$200	Task O	P	$200	Task O	Q	$200
Task R	Q	$0	Task R	O	$0	Task R	O	$0
Totals		$15,900			$20,600			$28,000

The pros/cons of crashing the project schedule

The pros of crashing the project schedule is mainly because the project is usually completed within the shortest time possible which would be highly essential when the project is urgently needed. The other pros is that it allows faster negotiations to be carried out thereby making sure that negotiations involved in project designing, planning, execution and monitoring are maintained minimal (Project Management Institute, 2003).

The cons of crashing the project schedule are mainly because it usually exhausts the involved personnel because they usually work under strict deadlines. The crash of project schedule also leads to increased costs because their no sufficient time to negotiate for the prices of materials and personnel while at the same there is also insufficient time to take advantage of promotions (Pinto, 2012).

The impact on personnel and resources to crashing the project

The crashing of the project schedule leads to exhaustion of the personnel because they mostly without enough time to rest. The resources are spend at a very high rate because there no time to wait and also it leads to increased costs of resources because their no sufficient time to negotiate for the prices (Pinto, 2012).

Risks associated with crashing the project and their management

There various risks associated with crashing the project schedule and they include lack of necessary permits, for instance, there are some projects which cannot go on without the vital permits which sometimes could not be obtained when a project is delayed (Tague, 2004). However, this can be managed by talking to the appropriate authorities. The other risk is that it may result to poor quality projects because there is no sufficient time for consultations and deliberations, but this can be managed by hiring a specialist or consultant to manage the project since its initial stages e.g. movers or couriers (Pinto, 2012).

Critical Path Table

Critical Path Table
Task	Preceding Task
Task A	–
Task E	A
Task B	E
Task C	B
Task F	C
Task D	F
Task I	D
Task K	I
Task G	K
Task H	G
Task J	H
Task L	J
Task N	L
Task M	N
Task Q	M
Task P	Q
Task O	P
Task R	O

This critical path is definitely the best mainly because it produces the appropriate time to execute all the activities in the project as well as being relatively affordable even though not the cheapest. However, the other critical path which is cheaper than this one would definitely take longer thereby delaying the process of relocating and settling in the destination country (Woolf, 2012).

Part 3 – Project Control and Closeout

There are several processes and procedures that can be suggested for the closure of this project because of their resulting handoffs, benefits and lag.

For instance, in this project it is essential to evaluate the whole process of relocation and determine whether the budgeted costs were adhered to as well as determine if the time that was allocated to the project was effectively adhered to, and in particular for each specific activity that was involved in the project (Milosevic, 2003). This would be an essential process and procedure to exactly know how the project execution was performed thereby allowing someone a chance for rating the performance (Woolf, 2012).

Furthermore, this would be very critical in determining the critical path to be used in future whenever such kind of project may arise again. For example, the family may need to relocate in future and these processes and procedures would be essential to succinctly pinpoint which critical path to adopt without any delays (Klastorin, 2003).

References

Klastorin, T. (2003). Project Management: Tools and Trade-offs, (3^rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Milosevic, D. Z. (2003). Project Management Toolbox: Tools and Techniques for the Practicing Project Manager. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

O’Brien, J. J. & Plotnick, F. L. (2010). CPM in Construction Management, (7^thed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Pinto, J. K. (2012). Project Management: Achieving the Competitive Advantage, (3^rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Project Management Institute, (2003). A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge, (3^rd ed.). Project Management Institute.

Tague, N. R. (2004). The Quality Toolbox, (2^nd ed.). New York, NW: ASQ Quality Press.

Woolf, M. B. (2012) CPM Mechanics: The Critical Path Method of Modeling Project Execution Strategy. London: ICS-Publications.

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Interview with a Nursing Information Expert

Interview with a Nursing Information Expert Essay paper

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Interview with a Nursing Information Expert:

Guidelines and Grading Rubric

Purpose

The purpose of this assignment is to

Communicate your understanding of the importance of quality information in everyday nursing practice;
Discuss the roles and responsibilities of a Nursing Information Expert; and
Articulate how the professional nurse uses information or data in everyday practice to improve outcomes.

Course Outcomes

This assignment enables the student to meet the following course outcomes.

CO #1: Describe patient-care technologies as appropriate to address the needs of a diverse patient population. (PO #1)

CO #4: Investigate safeguards and decision-making support tools embedded in patient care technologies and information systems to support a safe practice environment for both patients and healthcare workers. (PO #4)

CO #8: Discuss the value of best evidence as a driving force to institute change in delivery of nursing care. (PO #8)

Points

This assignment is worth a total of 250 points.

Due Date

This assignment, Interview with a Nursing Information Expert, is due at the end of Week 6. Submit your completed Interview, using the Interview Form, to the basket in the Dropbox by Sunday, 11:59 p.m. mountain time. Post questions to the weekly Q & A Forum. Contact your instructor if you need additional assistance. See the Course Policies regarding late assignments. Failure to submit your paper to the Dropbox on time will result in a deduction of points.

Directions

Download the NR361 Interview Form from Doc Sharing. It is found under the Week 6 Interview link.
Select your interviewee and schedule an interview. This individual must be a registered nurse. Job titles of RNs who may be considered include but, are not limited to, Nursing Clinical Information Manager; Super User, Director/Manger Clinical Education; Chief Information Officer; Quality Assurance or Performance Improvement Nurse; Nurse Informaticist; Telenursing Specialist; Nurse Abstractor; Case Manager; Compliance Nurse. If you have any concerns about whether the RN is suitable for this assignment, contact your instructor BEFORE you schedule the interview.
Review all questions (areas of inquiry) on the Interview Form located in Doc Sharing PRIOR to conducting the interview. You may print the form and take it with you to the interview.
Note that there are five (5) Required Questions to ask the RN.
Note that there are four (4) Optional Questions. You need to select only ONE of them to ask the RN.
Note that there are two (2) Follow-Up Questions that must be answered by YOU.

Prior to conducting your interview, review two scholarly resources. These resources should guide your understanding of the RN’s role and responsibilities or make you more knowledgeable about GIGO, interprofessional communication, or other key concepts in the questions that you may not fully understand. For example, if your interviewee is a Telenurse, you would want to review information on this specialty. If you do not know what GIGO means, look it up.

Conduct your interview. The length of your interview will vary but should not exceed one hour.
Submit the form to the Dropbox prior to the deadline outlined above.

Grading Criteria

Category	Points	%	Description
Demographics	5	2%	Initials and job title of interviewee & date of interview provided.
Required Question #1 (Career Path)	30	12%	Provide a paraphrased version or summary of the interviewee’s answer. You may quote the interviewee, but sparingly. Do NOT provide a verbatim transcript of everything that was said.
Required Question #2 (Value of Evidence)	30	12%	Provide a paraphrased version or summary of the interviewee’s answer. You may quote the interviewee, but sparingly. Do NOT provide a verbatim transcript of everything that was said.
Required Question #3 (Support Tools)	30	12%	Provide a paraphrased version or summary of the interviewee’s answer. You may quote the interviewee, but sparingly. Do NOT provide a verbatim transcript of everything that was said.
Required Question #4 (Pt. Care Technologies)	30	12%	Provide a paraphrased version or summary of the interviewee’s answer. You may quote the interviewee, but sparingly. Do NOT provide a verbatim transcript of everything that was said.
Required Question #5 (Groups & Utilization)	30	12%	Provide a paraphrased version or summary of the interviewee’s answer. You may quote the interviewee, but sparingly. Do NOT provide a verbatim transcript of everything that was said.
Optional Question	30	12%	Type the optional question that you chose to ask. Provide a paraphrased version or summary of the interviewee’s answer. You may quote the interviewee, but sparingly. Do NOT provide a verbatim transcript of everything that was said.
Follow-Up Question #1 (Practice Impact)	30	12%	Summarizes what was learned from interaction with interviewee answers. Describes how nursing practice will change as a result of learning about roles and responsibilities of interviewee.
Follow-Up Question #2 (Resources Utilized)	30	12%	Names two resources reviewed prior to conducting interview. Describes how each resource helped student prepare for interview.
Scholarly Writing	5	2%	Name of student and date of interview appears on Interview Form. Punctuation and sentence structure are correct. Evidence of spell and grammar check.
Total	250 pts.	100%	A quality assignment will meet or exceed all of the above requirements.

Grading Rubric

Assignment Criteria

Outstanding or Highest Level of Performance

Very Good or High Level of Performance

Competent or Satisfactory Level of Performance

Poor or Failing or Unsatisfactory Level of Performance

Demographics

5 points

Initials, job title, & date of interview are provided.

5 points

Initials, job title, or date of interview is missing.

4 points

Name is provided instead of initials. Job title or date of interview is missing.

3 points

Name is provided but no job title or date of interview.

0–2 points

Required Question #1

(Career Path)

30 points

Clearly describes career path including education and experiences.

28–30 points

Describes career path but, education OR experiences are not provided.

25–27 points

Describes career path but does not include experiences and educational background.

23–24 points

Briefly describes career path.

0–22 points

Required Question #2

(Value of Evidence)

30 points

Clearly states value of best practice as a driving force.

28–30 points

States value of best practice as a driving force but may have omitted key elements.

25–27 points

Briefly describes value of best practice as a driving force.

23–24 points

Does not discuss value of best evidence.

0–22 points

Required Question #3

(Support Tools)

30 points

Clearly describes safeguards and decision-making support tools that support safe practices.

28–30 points

Describes safeguards and decision-making support tools that support safe practices but may have omitted key elements.

25–27 points

Briefly describes safeguards and decision-making support tools that support safe practice.

23–24 points

Does not describe safeguards and decision-making support tools that support safe practice.

0–22 points

Required Question #4

(Pt. Care Technologies)

30 points

Names or lists 4 or more technologies that improve patient care.

28–30 points

Names or lists 3 technologies that improve patient care.

25–27 points

Names or lists 2 technologies that improve patient care.

23–24 points

Names or lists 0–1 technology(ies) that improve(s) patient care.

0–22 points

Required Question #5

(Groups & Utilization)

30 points

Names or lists 3 or more groups that rely on information/data AND describes how information is utilized.

28–30 points

Names or lists 1–2 groups that rely on information/data AND briefly describes how information is utilized.

25–27 points

Names or lists groups but does not describe how information is utilized.

23–24 points

Does not name or list groups and does not describe how information is utilized.

0–22 points

Optional Question

30 points

Clearly indicates WHICH optional question was asked. Clearly describes answer to optional question.

28–30 points

Does not indicate WHICH optional question was asked. Briefly provides answer to optional question.

25–27 points

Indicates WHICH question was asked but does not provide answer.

23–24 points

Does not include optional question or answer.

0–22 points

Follow-Up Question #1

(Practice Impact)

30 points

Clearly summarizes what was learned from interaction with interviewee answers. Clearly describes how personal nursing practice will change as a result of learning about roles and responsibilities of interviewee.

28–30 points

Briefly summarizes what was learned from interaction with interviewee answers.

Briefly describes how personal nursing practice will change.

25–27 points

Includes summary OR describes how personal nursing practice will change. Does not include both.

23–24 points

Fails to summarize what was learned AND fails to describe how personal nursing practice will change.

0–22 points

Follow-Up Question #2

(Scholarly Resources Utilized)

30 points

Specifically names two scholarly resources reviewed PRIOR to interview.

Clearly states how EACH resource helped prepare for interview.

28–30 points

Specifically names two scholarly resources reviewed PRIOR to interview.

Briefly states how EACH resource helped prepare for interview.

25–27 points

Specifically names only one scholarly resource reviewed PRIOR to interview.

Briefly states how resource helped prepare for interview.

23–24 points

Names scholarly resources but does not indicate how resources helped prepare for interview.

Fails to indicate resources.

0–22 points

Scholarly Writing

5 points

Name of student and date of interview appears on Interview Form. Punctuation and sentence structure are correct. Evidence of spell and grammar check.

5 points

Name of student and date of interview appears on Interview Form.

Minimal punctuation, sentence structure errors noted.

No indications of grammar or spelling errors (wavy lines) noted.

4 points

Name of student or date of interview is missing.

Several punctuation, sentence structure errors noted.

Several indications of grammar or spelling errors (wavy lines) noted.

3 points

Name of student or date of interview is missing.

Multiple punctuation or sentence structure errors noted.

Spellcheck “errors” not corrected prior to submission of assignment.

0–2 points

Total Points Possible = _____/250

SAMPLE ANSWER

Directions: After completing your interview, you must use this form to submit your assignment to the Drop box. You may use the form to capture information as you conduct your interview, or fill it in later. The form is expandable and will enlarge the textbox to accommodate your answers. Do not rely only on this form for everything you must include! Please look in Doc Sharing for specific instructions in the Guidelines for this assignment.

Criteria	Fill in the answers in this column.
Demographics: Provide initials of the RN, official job title of interviewee, and the date the interview was conducted.	Initials of the RN: CIM Job Title of interviewee: Nursing Clinical Information Manager Date: 24 October 2014
*Required Questions* *(answer EVERY question in this section)*
1. Describe your career path to your current position. Include information about education and experiences.	Like any other child, whenever asked what I wanted to become when I grow up, I said I wanted to be a doctor. I did not know the requirements but one thing I knew is that I was required to read hard. My career path in this professional began when I joined a debating club at high school. This platform sharpened my communication skills and my desire to join a medical profession. I passed well in my final examination and decided to join career in nursing. I pursued a bachelor’s degree in clinical nursing and graduated with a second-class upper division. At the university, I was an active member of red cross and this gave me an opportunity to attend to various emergency cases. Upon my completion of my degree in clinical nursing, I joined a middle level where I pursued a course in Information Communication and Technology. The reason for enrolling for this course was my desire to understand concepts in communication as well as in Technology. The experience at this colleague was awesome as I got an opportunity to interact with different people from different cultures. I managed to learn the cultures of people and their behaviors in communication something that improved my communication skills. Before my employment, I worked as a volunteer in a nearby health facility for one year. At the facility, I performed various duties such as attending to patients and documentation of the patients’ information and ensuring that the information is secure. I got another job where I was attached to a medical doctor’s office. At the office, I managed the office by acting as an assistant nurse. I also kept in touch with patients, kept records of the personal and medical records in the computer. After working with the doctor for duration of six months, I got an opportunity to be part of this facility. I was appointed as a Clinical Information Manager (CIM) and now it has been six years since I joined this credible institution. I have enjoyed my stay here and more so my duties. Some of the roles, I do is to provide services in accordance to Physician Assistant direction, production of accurate and thorough documentation, input of data in the electronic medical record system, help to enhance flow of data by retrieving files and locating of diagnostic tests. I also do coding as well as document coding criteria and help to select appropriate codes. I have as well helped many students on their internship by orienting them and teaching them about coding and operations of systems. I consider myself as among achievers as I have in my capacity impacted on life of various people. I still have ambitions of pursuing further education to increase my skills and knowledge to impact on the health care. I also believe that I will be also in line with the Institute of Medicine recommendations that require that nurses engage in lifelong learning. The recommendations as well state that the number of doctoral nurses will double by 2020 (Institute of Medicine, 2013). I therefore believe that I will be ready to contribute in improvement of healthcare.
2. Discuss the value of best evidence as a driving force in delivery of nursing care at your facility.	Nowadays, it has become important for nurses to adopt evidence-based research in their practice. Evidence has been a driving force in the delivery of nursing care at the facility. Nurses make their decisions and assumptions based on clinical guidance and research. They as well have adapted to best practice when it comes to solving and approaching complex challenges. This has contributed to provision of better healthcare. Nurses have contributed to greater magnitude in enhancing service delivery (Kittson, 2004). Many patients visiting the facility have a positive perception about the health facility. Their level of evidence about the facility has made many of them to come back and even refer other patients. Furthermore, many nurses have come to embrace their profession. They have decided to go back to school to acquire more skills and knowledge with the aim of reducing the gap between knowledge development and knowledge use in order to improve the health of people. Nurses appreciate the need to do things right and have developed a desire for quality improvement. These actions have played a critical role in making nurse competent too to deliver high-class health care to their patients. To sum up, evidence has become paramount in service delivery. If nurses embrace this concept, the causes of poor treatment, record management among others will be outdated (Rycroft-Malone, Bucknall, Melnyk, 2004). Carrying out intensive research remains a key and important venture.
3. What safeguards and decision-making support tools are embedded in patient care technologies and information systems that support safe practice at your facility?	The facility do appreciate that information is essential in making effective decision. In the health facility, nurse’s value information as this is the platform that they get to assess the needs of the patients. Decision-making tools aims at ensuring that they provide timely information, at the point of care to help making informed decisions about patient care (National Defense University, 2013). Some of the safeguarded and decision making tools embedded in these information technologies includes order sets created for specific category of patients, recommendations, and databases able to provide information relevant to specific category of patients, reminders that enhance preventive care, and alerts that helps to alert on dangerous situations. The tools may alert the health practitioner on duplicate test that an individual may be about to encounter.
4. Tell me about patient care technologies that have improved patient care at your facility.	Health facility has embraced patient care technologies aimed at sporting safe practice. Some of these information technologies include Electronic healthcare Records (HER) that allows accessibility of critical; patient information from providers, for 24 hours , days in a week (Hebda & Czar, 2013). This therefore allows easier coordination. Another is computerized physician/ provider order: Entry (CPOE) and Clinical Decision Support that has changed ordering processes resulting to lower costs, more interventions based on evidence and best practices and reduced medical error. Technologies that have already been implemented in the facility include biometrics that helps to increase security of confidential healthcare information hence eliminating the management of lost password costs. Others include, robotics, 3-FD Printing, Less invasive and more accurate tools for diagnostic and treatment and genomics and genetics. Gemonis and Genetics impact on the nursing profession. The genes of the people are responsible for their skills. Genomic elements influence environmental lifestyle as well as other factors (Calzone, Cashion, Feetham, Jenkins, Prows, Williams & Wung, 2010). Less invasive assists in diagnosis and in treatment of patients contributing to reduced patient risk and cost. 3- Printing technology adopts bio printer that uses bio-ink that is made of living cell mixtures. This allows the building of human organ for consumption. Robotics are also essential patient care technologies that provide improved diagnostic abilities. It is less invasive but more experience that is comfortable for the customers that uses it (Haughom, Kriz & McMillan, 2011). They are as well used as adjunct care providers for mental and mental healthcare provision. These technologies are very critical in health care. If they are well implemented they will, impact positively on the healthcare (Haughom, Kriz & McMillan, 2011). Therefore, I believe that people must be free and embrace these technologies as it stands a chance to impact positively on health care.
5. What groups of healthcare workers rely on you to collect high-quality information or data and how is it utilized?	Various groups of health worker rely on me when it comes to collecting high quality information. These groups include, researchers, fellow colleagues, my junior staffs and even intern students. I have requisite skills and experience in this field which pitches me above others. The information or data collected is utilized in various ways. The researcher to further their studies in different areas of their study uses some of the information. Most researchers are interested to learn on how the various technological and patient care operates. They want to ascertain their success of failure levels to recommend the same to other institutions. Some want to study them to find out if they can improve on their functionality to more efficient and effective performance. Therefore, it becomes important that these researchers get objective and hand on information about their operations so that they are in a position to defend their hypothesis. Some of the information gathered during this study as well benefits the hospital in many ways. Many researcher will tend to use the study findings and again apply the same in the hospital to improve the health of the patients. Intern use the information to study and to gain more insights about the operations at the health facilities. Most of interns may not have enough skills when it comes to information collection because they have not had prior experience in that. Therefore, it is my duty and responsibilities to ensure that they are able to understand to record information. For the interns, they want to use the information to do their own tests and to right research papers that will contribute to their scores in the university. Others use the data to intensify their research studies with the view of improving on their level of skills and knowledge. Accessibility to data allows them to access appropriate information that enables them to acquire knowledge that is translated into wisdom enabling them make appropriate decisions concerning their practice (Hebda & Czar, 2013).
*Optional Questions* *(Answer only ONE question from the choices below.)*
1. Please tell me what challenges you have faced in dealing with other disciplines who may not “understand the needs of nurses/nursing?”
2. Please share an example of how GIGO (garbage in, garbage out) impacted a decision related to your information or data collection.
3. Please give me an example of how the lack of interprofessional collaboration impacted your role.
4. Please describe what a typical day on the job is like for you.	Every health provider has his or her own ways of describing the experiences of their typical day. For me I enjoy what I do and every day when I wake up at 5 am I thank God and ask for His guidance. I work in the day shift and therefore my work begins at 8 am in the morning. Every health provider is expected to be at his or her working station at this time. Upon reporting, I must sign in the attendance book before heading to my designated room. I do plan what I will do in the entire day. I enter the office and ensure that everything is in order. My duty is to ensure that I work and record the directives of the doctors. Therefore, I prepare all the recording materials, to be ready for my assignment. I also ensure that all HER and other systems are working as required so that when the time for recording information reaches I am set for the task. In the course of the day, my job revolves around physicians and in ensuring that the systems work efficiently. My day ends at 6 pm in the evening. When I close my day, I ensure that I have documented all the directives that I was given by the physicians. I ensure that the systems are operating as normal. This is aimed at avoiding any inconveniences to the incumbent staffs that is to run a night shift. I hand over to the other staffs to continue with the trend .I sign out as I leave the facility to rest as I await another new day to do what I like and value ,most.
Follow-Up Questions (Answer all of these. Please do not ask them during the interview. Instead, reflect and answer them afterwards.)
1. How will completing this interview impact your practice as a BSN-prepared nurse? Give specific examples.	Completing this nurse will definitely going to impact on my practice as a BSN prepared nurse in various ways One of them is that it will help me to gain deeper understanding of the workings of a health facility preparing me psychologically for the task before me. It as well will inculcate in me skills and knowledge about nursing. Some of the information that I doses not know will be revealed to me through the interview. I will also improve my skills in interviews. Answering questions is a skill and an art that require learned. I will varnish my skills in this area something that will, help me in my practice. Communicating clearly is critical in my profession as it is through communication that one is able to understand what something is going through before delivering care. Furthermore, completing the interview will enable me to understand and appreciate the various decision support tools in clinical setting that can impact on my health care delivery It will also enable me to appreciate evidence-based research in nursing. Nurses nowadays must ensure that they incorporate research evidence in their practice to promote quality health care. In conclusion, I am vehement that this interview will be of great value on my skills and knowledge. It will impact on my practice as a BSN prepared nurse. This will not be time wasted as its benefits surpass its limitations.
2. Resources (scholarly articles or texts). Indicate 2 scholarly resources or texts used prior to the interview to familiarize yourself with the individual’s organization, role, or any of the questions you asked to make you a more knowledgeable interviewer.	Resource #1: Dykes, P., & Collins, S. (2013). Building Linkages between Nursing Care and Improved Patient Outcomes: The Role of Health Information Technology. *Online Journal of Issues in* **Nursing, 18(3):1-17. 1**
	Resource # 2: Berger, S. (2007). Treating technology as a luxury? 10 necessary tools: if you have been thinking that technology for improving healthcare financial management is a luxury, think again. In: *Healthcare* Financial Management, 61(2):40-70.

Reference

Calzone, K., Cashion, A., Feetham, S., Jenkins, J., Prows, C., Williams, J., & Wung, S. (2010). Nurses transforming health care using genetics and genomics. Nursing Outlook, 58 (1), 26-35.

Haughom, J., Kriz, S., & McMillan, D. (2011). Overcoming barriers to EHR adoption. Healthcare Financial Management, 65(7), 96–100.

Hebda, T., & Czar, P., (2013). Handbook of informatics for nurses & healthcare professionals (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

Institute of Medicine. (2013). The future of nursing leading change, advancing health: Report recommendations. Retrieved from: http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20Files/2010/The-Future-of- Nursing/Future%20of%20Nursing%202010%20Recommendations.pdf

Kittson, A. (2004). The state of the art and science of evidence-based nursing in UK and Europe. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. 1(1), 6-8. www.blackwellpublishing.com/wvn.

National Defense University (2013). Strategic leadership and decision making. Information age and strategic decision making. Retrieved from www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/ndu/strat-ldr-dm/pt1ch3.html

Rycroft-Malone, J., Bucknall, T., Melnyk, B.M., (2004). Editorial. Worldviews on Evidence- Based Nursing. 1(1), 1-2. www.blackwellpublishing.com/wvn.

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Measures of Central Tendency Application

Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of Central Tendency Application

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Application: Measures of Central Tendency

Measures of central tendency may be familiar to you from prior math classes you have taken. Consider the summary of these terms below:

The mean is the average of all numbers in a set of data.
The mode is the number in a dataset that most frequently occurs.
The median is the number that falls in the middle of the numbers in a given set when those numbers are placed in rank order.
The standard deviation tells how far the numbers in a given data set deviate from the mean of that set. In other words, it tells whether the numbers in the dataset are generally close together or far apart.

These measures are simple but extremely valuable for all social scientists, including criminal justice researchers. They are summary statistics, which provide useful information about the study sample and allow researchers to compare multiple data sets.  For this Application Assignment, use the following statistics:  The total population of the Battawba metropolitan area was 5,604,383 persons in 2011. For that year, the following burglary rates were reported in the localities within this metropolitan area:

Area	Number of Burglaries Reported
City of Battawba	2,563
City of Wineburg	734
City of Lakeville	301
City of Drake	1,482
City of Valmer	231
City of Chase Abbey	857
City of Southmetro	644
City of Collington	1026
City of Williamson	644
City of New Batten	159

The assignment (2–3 pages):

Calculate the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation for the burglary statistics provided on the metropolitan area of Battawba.
Explain your interpretation of the measures of central tendency and standard deviation for burglary rates in the Battawba metropolitan area (i.e., what they can tell you about who is committing crime and where it is being committed).

Support your Application Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. You are to provide a reference list for all resources, including those in the Learning Resources for this course.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The mean of a distribution of values is obtained by adding all of the values and dividing the sum by the number (Nor n) of values. The mean score is the typical performance level of all the units sampled. The mean for the burglaries reported in Battawba metropolitan area is given as

= 864.1= 864 cases

This means that on average, 864 incidences of burglaries are reported with a standard deviation of 717 in the Battawba Metropolitan area with the city of Battawba, Wineburg, Drake,Chase Abbey, Southmetro, Collington Williamson experiencing the highest incidences.

The median represents the middle point of a distribution of data. It is the point at which exactly half of the observed values in the distribution are higher and half of the observed values are lower. The Median value for burglaries in Battawba metropolitan area is

MD=689 cases

This implies that 50% of Battawba metropolitan area has a lower than 689 cases of burglary report and 50% of Battawba metropolitan area has a higher than 689 cases of burglary report cases (Peavy, Dyal, Eddins, & Centers for Disease Control (U.S.), 1981).

The mode (Mo) is the simplest measure of central tendency and is easy to derive. The

Mode is observed rather than computed. The mode (Mo) of a distribution of values is the value

which occurs most often . The distribution of a given data can either be unimodal if it has only one mode or bimodal if it has two modes. Other distribution has more than two modes. For the case of burglaries in Battawba metropolitan area is, the mode is

Mode = 644 cases

This data has only one mode and its distribution can be said to be unimodal

This value implies that the number of burglary incidences that are frequently reported in Battawba metropolitan area is 644 cases and most of these are reported in the city of Southmetro and the city of Williamson. This cities are now our modal cities. These are the cities where most cases of burglary are frequently reported.

The standard deviation is given as Square root of variance (Grigg, & Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1981)

Var (x) = 513689

Sd (x) = 716.721= 717

According to PL,Chebyshev (1821-1894), for any number k greater than 1, atleast (1-1/k²) of the measurements fall within standard deviation of the mean. That is within the interval (µ-ks, µ+ks)

Where µ is the mean of the sample or population and s is the variance of the sample data or population. For the case of burglaries in Battawba metropolitan area for k=1, that is one standard deviation, the interval is (147,1581). This indicates that about 100% of the burglary cases reported fall within one standard deviation, hence, there is less variations in the burglaries in the cities, except for the Battawba city which falls outside the interval. In conclusion, variation within the data is small. Most of the cases reported are concentrated around the mean

References

Peavy, J. V., Dyal, W. W., Eddins, D. L., & Centers for Disease Control (U.S.). (1981).Descriptive statistics: Measures of central tendency and dispersion. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services/Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control.

Grigg, A. O., & Transport and Road Research Laboratory. (1981). Rating scales: Measures of central tendency and sample sizes. Crowthorne, Berkshire: Transport and Road Research Laboratory.

Bridges, J. (1961). Statistics for Selected Secondary-School Students. Education Digest, 27(3), 52-53.

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