The American Cancer Society estimates that by the end of 2012, more than 226,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer and more than 241,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer (American Cancer Society, 2012a; American Cancer Society 2012b). With such prevalence of women’s and men’s cancers, patient education and preventive services are essential. In clinical settings, advanced practice nurses must assist physicians in educating patients on risk factors, preventive services, and for patients diagnosed with cancer, on potential drug treatments. The clinical implications of women’s and men’s cancer greatly depend on early detection, which is primarily achieved through preventive services. In this Assignment, you consider the short-term and long-term implications of cancer and drug treatments associated with women’s and men’s health, as well as appropriate preventive services.
To prepare:
•Select a type of cancer associated with women’s or men’s health such as breast, cervical, or ovarian cancer in women and prostate cancer in men.
•Locate and review articles examining the type of cancer you selected.
•Review the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force article in the Learning Resources. Think about available preventive services that providers might recommend for patients at risk of this type of cancer.
•Select two of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how these factors might impact decisions related to preventive services.
•Consider drug treatment options for patients diagnosed with the type of cancer you selected including short-term and long-term implications of the treatments.
To complete:
Write a 2- to 3- page paper that addresses the following:
•Describe available preventive services that providers might recommend for patients at risk of the type of cancer you selected.
•Explain how the factors you selected might impact decisions related to preventive services.
•Describe drug treatment options for patients diagnosed with the type of cancer you selected. Explain the short-term and long-term implications of these treatments.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
Research indicates that 2 million of men in the US are prostate cancer survivors. It is the most common cancer among the male, followed by skin cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, there are about 220,800 cases of prostate cancer annually, which claims about 27,540 lives every year. According to statistics, it is estimated that every one male in every seven will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in his lifetime. Prostate cancer is the cancer of the prostate gland, which is found in males. The gland is located below the urinary bladder. The size of the gland changes with age, and has been found to grow rapidly in puberty. This rapid growth in puberty is fueled by increased concentration on male hormones (androgens). The medical terminology of cancer in the prostate gland is referred to adenocarcinoma. Other types of prostate gland include sarcomas, cell carcinomas, transitional cell carcinomas, and neuroendocrine tumors. Some of the cancer spread rapidly whereas others grow slowly (Burdelski et al., 2015).
Preventive services
The early prostate cancer is usually asymptomatic and is known to have no symptoms. However, at an advanced stage, prostate cancers have symptoms such as difficulties when passing urine due to a weakened urine system. The patient tends to have frequent urination especially during the night. In some cases, blood traces are present in urine. Additionally, the male individual could suffer from erectile dysfunction, chronic pain in the hips, spine, and chest. The patient may also have weakness and numbness in the feet and legs, loss of bowel or bladder control due to the altered nervous system, especially the spinal cord (Ingersoll et al., 2015).
Early screening is one of the preventive measures applied in management of prostate cancer. Early detection is important because it facilitates a quick application of intervention to protect the patient from further complications. Prostate cancer screening is usually done by measuring the prostrate-specific antigen (PSA) in the patient’s concentration. Digital rectal Exam has also been widely used where the physician inserts their finger into the rectum to evaluate the size and texture of the prostate gland. Some medications proposed to reduce risk for prostate cancer including, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors that inhibits the conversion of the enzyme testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) enzymes that induces prostate cancer. Recent studies have identified an effective prostate cancer vaccine known as Sipuleucel-T. The vaccine works by boosting the immune system, which fights prostate cancer cells (Thalgott et al., 2015).
The current evidence based risk factors include embracing a healthy lifestyle. This implies that the individual should feed on a low fat diet by avoiding high intake of meat, oils, dairy products, and nuts. This is because high intake of fats is associated with high risk of prostate cancer. Elderly males should be advised to consume more plant meals than animal meals. More fruits, vitamin, mineral supplements, and seafood should be included in the diet. Physical activeness must be encouraged among the individuals. Studies indicate that active people have low risk of prostate cancer. This is because exercising help in keeping the body in good shape (Gupta et al., 2015).
Risk factors influence of preventive services
There are risk factors that affect prostate cancer. Risk factor includes factors that aggravate chances of developing the healthcare complication. The different types of cancer have varying risk factors with a few having unknown risk factors. One of the main risk factors for prostate cancer includes age, geographical location, ethnic background, sexually transmitted diseases, genetic factors, vasectomy, and exposures in the work place, lifestyles, and family history. This paper evaluates the two main risk factors that affect the decisions for preventive care (Tomioka et al., 2015).
Age is one of the main risk factors of prostate cancer, which is more common in men above 65 years of age, but very rare in the young male of below 40 years. This age group often lack adequate knowledge and information. This acts as barrier to the adoption of preventive services such as early screening, life style modification and medication adherence. Prostate cancer has also been found to be common in African-American men than in other ethnic groups. Prostate cancer is less common in the Latino’s and Hispanics. Cultural values and beliefs are key hindrances to the adoption and integration of the aforementioned preventive services (Nakazawa et al., 2015).
In some community, such as African American, it is actually a taboo to discuss genitalia matters in public, and especially so if the physician is of the opposite sex and of younger age than the service user. This implies that the disease is detected late, and interventions are given when the disease has reached its unmanageable stage. Other barriers associated with these two risk factors are time constraints and low staff levels, which results to an unanimous theme during counseling on current evidence, based practices of preventive services (Burdelski et al., 2015).
Drug treatment for prostate cancer
If the prostate cancer is diagnosed and staged effectively, it is important for the patient to empower to make informed decisions. Several drug treatment options are associated treatments with prostate cancer. These include active surveillance or watchful waiting where prostate cancer growth is monitored closely with DREs and PSA. This is because some prostate cancers are benign and may not need to treat the condition. Radiation therapy involves the use of high energy to destroy the cancerous cells. Cryosurgery is used to treat the first prostate cancer stage and involves the freezing of the cancerous cells (Gupta et al., 2015).
Chemotherapy is often used as anti-cancer drugs, which are often injected in the vein in the blood circulatory system. This therapy is important if the cancer has spread throughout the other body organs. Hormone therapy involves the use of hormone blockers or suppression therapy to suppress the conversion of testosterone to cancer inducing enzyme. Bone directed therapy and vaccine therapy have been successful in treating prostate cancer. The decision of treatment should be based on the patient’s general health condition, age, stage of cancer, preferences and the expected side effects.
Short term and long-term implication of prostate cancer
Short-term effects include fatigue and extreme tiredness. In some cases, fecal inconsistencies may occur due to the inflammation if the rectum. This often results in urgency to urinate, diarrhea, cramps, and blood in the patients stool. Other short term effects include the possibilities of blood transfusion and pulmonary embolism In some cases, the issue of erectile dysfunction can occur, low libido and infertility and urinary leakage (Burdelski et al., 2015).
The long-term side effects include erectile dysfunction, narrowing of the joint between the urethra and the urinary bladder, which causes the frequent urge of urination. Men under hormonal therapies are at risk of muscle and mineral loss (osteoporosis) which makes the patient become more vulnerable to fractures. The most common long-term effect is emotional instability, which is associated with loss of fertility and erectile dysfunction. Most men diagnosed with erectile dysfunction tend to be angry, anxious and in denial. Their self-esteem is usually reduced especially if the illness affects their sex life and finances (Gupta et al., 2015).
References
Burdelski, C., Menan, D., Tsourlakis, M., Kluth, M., Hube-Magg, C., & Melling, N. et al. (2015). The prognostic value of SUMO1/Sentrin specific peptidase 1 (SENP1) in prostate cancer is limited to ERG-fusion positive tumors lacking PTEN deletion. BMC Cancer, 15(1). https://www.doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1555-8
Gupta, D., Trukova, K., Popiel, B., Lammersfeld, C., & Vashi, P. (2015). The Association between Pre-Treatment Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Survival in Newly Diagnosed Stage IV Prostate Cancer. PLOS ONE, 10(3), e0119690. https://www.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119690
Ingersoll, M., Lyons, A., Muniyan, S., D’Cunha, N., Robinson, T., & Hoelting, K. et al. (2015). Novel Imidazopyridine Derivatives Possess Anti-Tumor Effect on Human Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0131811. https://www.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131811
Nakazawa, T., Tateoka, K., Saito, Y., Abe, T., Yano, M., & Yaegashi, Y. et al. (2015). Analysis of Prostate Deformation during a Course of Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. PLOS ONE, 10(6), e0131822. https://www.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131822
Thalgott, M., Rack, B., Eiber, M., Souvatzoglou, M., Heck, M., & Kronester, C. et al. (2015). Categorical versus continuous circulating tumor cell enumeration as early surrogate marker for therapy response and prognosis during docetaxel therapy in metastatic prostate cancer patients. BMC Cancer, 15(1). https://www.doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1478-4
Tomioka, A., Tanaka, N., Yoshikawa, M., Miyake, M., Anai, S., & Chihara, Y. et al. (2015). Risk factors of PSA progression and overall survival in patients with localized and locally advanced prostate cancer treated with primary androgen deprivation therapy. BMC Cancer, 15(1). https://www.doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1429-0
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The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities to be the creative, innovative, and critical thinker you already are!
Choose one (1) of the topics from the list of topic choices below. Read the topic carefully. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper (750-1,000 words) that responds to each of the items described in the topic.
For the topic you choose:
Support your ideas with specific, illustrative examples. If there are questions or points associated with your chosen topic, be sure to answer all of the listed questions and address all of the items in that topic. If your topic asks you to do several things related to the topic, be sure to do each of the things listed.
While some of the topics tend to lend themselves toward particular writing genres, you are not restricted to the specific format suggested for the individual topic. For example, you may do an “interview,” a “proposal,” a “letter,” a “short story,” a “blog,” an “essay,” an “article,” or any other written genre for almost any of the topics. The project is intended to be fun as well as informative, so feel free to be creative with the delivery of your information.
Use at least three (3) good quality academic sources, with one (1) source being the class text.
Note: Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Note: Your instructor may require you to submit your topic choice for approval before the end of Week 5.
Topic choices (pick 1):
Office Art Memo. Memorandum. Your boss, who knows you have been taking a humanities class since he pays for your tuition reimbursement, has tasked you with managing the art budget for your company, expecting you to choose various pieces of art for the new corporate offices. (Note: Replicas of the works are acceptable since they are more cost-efficient and you are working on a budget.)
Include the following:
Identify three (3) examples of 19th century Impressionist painting or sculpture and three (3) Post-Impressionist works. Explain how the six (6) pieces of art fall into these two (2) styles.
In a memo, describe the appearance of your six (6) choices to your CEO so he or she will know what the art looks like and where it would be placed in the corporate offices.
Explain why each piece is considered to be historically significant.
Explain how each piece “fits” your company’s overall (or desired) corporate image. Keep in mind that a piece of art is supposed to “say” something about the owner, so describe what would these pieces of art say about your company.
New Composition. Speech. Your uncle’s birthday is in two (2) months, and everyone knows that he loves almost all kinds of music. As a birthday gift for him, you want to have a special piece of music composed in his honor which will be played at a family birthday celebration. Write a speech that you will make to the composer’s agent. Include the following:
Narrow your choices down to three (3) composers you’ve studied in this course. Choose one (1) of the composers and explain why you want him to write the “birthday present” music.
Explain why the other two (2) composers were ultimately not selected.
Specifically identify the musical elements in the composer’s style that you would like to be included in the new music written for your uncle.
Describe what sort of emotion is generated by listening to the works of your selected composer; in other words, what do you want your uncle to “feel” as he hears the music, and why is this composer so perfect for this composition?
Harlem Renaissance Poets. Essay & Poem. Choose two (2) poems by different authors from the Harlem Renaissance.
Write an essay that:
Describes each author’s role and importance within the Harlem Renaissance.
Identify the elements in each of their poems in which you see evidence of the “double-consciousness” being expressed by each author.
Fully describe at least two (2) primary themes you see in the poetry written during this time period, referring to specific lines in each of the poems.
Write your own poem that expresses these identified themes of the Harlem Renaissance.
Women’s Roles Then & Now.Script. Script a conversation between two (2) notable women from the 18th and / or 19th century on the roles women should play in society. Within the dialogue, include:
Biographical information for each woman.
The historical status for women in general during the time period in which each woman lived.
What opinions each of the women might have on the role the women should play in society during their lifetimes.
What each of the women might think about women’s current roles.
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
The Project Paper will be graded on:
The level to which the instructions were followed.
The extent to which all four (4) parts in the topic were addressed.
The adequacy of information, examples, and details which support the general claim or main idea.
The clarity and relevance of the explanations and descriptions.
Adherence to standard rules of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
The inclusion of three (3) required references (two [2] additional sources besides your textbook) documented using APA style.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA Style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions specific to the selected topic. (Note: Students can find APA style materials located in the Additional Resources section of their Student Center within their course shell for reference)
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain how key social, cultural, and artistic contributions contribute to historical changes.
Explain the importance of situating a society’s cultural and artistic expressions within a historical context.
Examine the influences of intellectual, religious, political, and socio-economic forces on social, cultural, and artistic expressions.
Identify major historical developments in world cultures from the Renaissance to the contemporary period.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in the study of world cultures.
Write clearly and concisely about world cultures using proper writing mechanics.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric found here.
SAMPLE ANSWER
An Essay on the role of Women
A script of a possible Conversation between Carthay Williams and Fannie Farmer
Fannie Farmer: Wow! What do we have here, a woman in uniform? Someone pinch me so that I awake from this dream. I mean how is this even possible? Hello, I am Fannie Farmer, who may you be?
Carthay Williams: Excuse me missus, what do you mean you don’t believe your eyes? Is it because I am a black woman or because I am a black woman in uniform or because I am a woman in uniform? It’s always one of the three with surprised strangers.
Fannie: Sorry, that was not my intention, I did not mean it in any negative way, I was trying to say…
Williams: (interrupting Fannie) Then what is it that you meant? What is it about me that surprised you so much? Are you one of the members of the anti-abolitionist squads that want to see all black folk go back to cotton fields?!
Fannie: (Trying to speak with a firm voice) I meant to say I have never seen a woman in military uniform, whether in service or for any other purpose, that is what I meant, that is what surprised me, is it now an offence to register one’s sense of surprise?
Williams: (with wide grin on her face) I guess it’s only fair that I also apologize, my brash response is a defense mechanism I have developed over the years to fend off anybody who wants to tell me about the A-Z of Negroe woman stereotypes. I am Carthay Williams, (extending her hand) what is your name Ma’am?
Fannie: I am Mrs. Farmer, Fannie Farmer. Great to finally meet you, my older brother always talked about a black woman who fought in the war but we assumed it was another of his exaggerations. Up to this moment I did not believe he was telling the truth.
Williams: Is that so? I am also honored to finally meet you, I have heard a lot about you and the books you have written. It has always been assumed that women naturally belong in the Kitchen and know exactly what to do, your books enable them to exceed their normal capabilities in as far as making hearty meals is concerned. I find yours to be an amazing story given the fact that you had to stop school for almost a whole year due to health challenges!
Fannie: Compared to your achievements mine don’t even count, women are normally soft and vulnerable, meant to take care of the home. You took up arms and went to the military. Now that’s amazing. Yes, I had to stop my schooling for some years as I had a debilitating condition when much younger. I managed to proceed with my education due to my parent’s appreciation of its necessity. Though at times I wonder if it was sane to go back to school at 31 years of age.
Williams: In that case it is safe to say that you are my role model and I am yours. I wonder how we would fare as women in the 21st Century. I think we would still stand out; feminism has played a role in uplifting the position of women in society. However there are still many glass ceilings set for women.
Fannie: I know, right?, You would be some form of demi-goddess in this society as women still lag behind men in many areas. While the concept of house-wife does not hold the connotation it held in the 19th Century, women are still lagging behind in the different areas of life such as work and the political process. Do you think they would manage to go through a whole day as a woman in the 1800s?
Williams: Personally I believe they could survive even a whole year. Despite society defining us by our weaknesses, we are actually very strong and thick skinned we take the different challenges we encounter head on. Take yourself as an example, you were threatened by a disease that would have otherwise rendered you dependent on family but you came out strong. I on my part took up arms and fought alongside men, overcoming the stereotype of women being weak and timid. We both overcame barriers that society had placed for women and we emerged victorious. Had we not, this would have been a dull and rather short conversation.
Fannie: You are very right about that. It was nice meeting you and also a pleasure talking with you Mrs. Williams, if you have time you should surely pay me a visit. I will be in town for the next two weeks giving lectures in the College to your left.
Race Class and Gender in the United States Summarize 2 readings from Race, Class, and Gender in the United States by Paula S. Rothenberg.
Race Class and Gender in the United States
( 2 readings from part 3 and 4) Find one or two articles from
mass media that relates to the readings. Please attach the articles that you are using as well. This is a simple assignment. Please use simple words. It
should be an easy read. So college level or like a higher high school level. I need it to be believable. Through individual stories, essays, poetry and critical analyses, Experiencing Race, Class, and Gender in the United States, Sixth Edition, introduces issues of race, class and gender within an interdisciplinary framework.
Gender Roles and Censorship in Venezuela The research paper is to follow formal research paper guidelines.
Gender Roles and Censorship in Venezuela
The paper will include a title page, research paper, and works cited page. The research paper will include an introduction, a body comprised of sections with subheadings, and a conclusion.
It will need to cover:-
Stereotypes
Gender Roles Women’s Right
Censorship
Marriage
Education
Family. According to Venezuela’s Communication Ministry (Minci), some 70% of Venezuela’s radio and TV stations are in private hands with just under 5% are state-owned. The rest are community media organisations, most pro-government. The most popular TV channels are privately-owned Venevision and Televen
For the Final Project, you provide an in-depth analysis of victimization. Select a crime that has been publicized in the media and contains one main victim to use for your Final Project. You apply the concepts studied throughout this course to provide the in-depth analysis of the victimization in the crime.
Final Project Guidelines
Assignment Length: 12 pages (not including title page, abstract, and references)
Your Final Project must include the following elements:
Introduction:
• Describe the type of crime (women/children victimization).
• Describe the victim (Jaycee Dugard).
Demographics:
• Explain factors related to social class, gender, ethnicity, and race of the victim that might have played a role in the vulnerability of the victim.
• Explain factors related to social class, gender, ethnicity, and race that might have played a role in the type of crime committed against the victim.
• Explain how the victim’s experiences in the criminal justice system might vary based on the social class, gender, ethnicity, and race of the victim.
Victim/Offender Relationship:
• Explain the victim/offender relationship (if any).
• Explain how the relationship between the victim and offender may have influenced the type of crime, the location of the crime, and the type of weapon used.
Effects:
• Explain psychological, social, and emotional effects of victimization on the victim. Indicate which effects are short term and which effects are long term.
Perceptions:
• Explain how the media portrayed the victim.
• Explain if there was any victim blaming by the media.
• Explain possible impact (positive and/or negative) of the media coverage about the victim.
Services:
• Explain services available in the state of the victim that might be beneficial for the victim.
• Explain any services that may not be available to the victim that might be beneficial to the victim.
Secondary Victims:
• Describe any secondary victims of the crime.
• Explain effects on the secondary victims of the crime.
Legal Aspects:
• Describe any laws or policies that resulted from the crime.
• If laws or polices were developed, explain the implications for social change.
Social Change:
• Explain any social change implications of this crime being publicized and/or any laws or policies that resulted from this crime.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Victimology
There are people who are involved in the practice of the domestic violence at their residence. It expresses violence in interactions where one companion uses force to gain the control over the other spouse. The intolerable behavior among the partners can be expressed sexually, mentally and physically. It also involves the bullying of the other person that involves the actions that leads to control and threatening. There could also be the act of allegation, wounding, and isolation. It is quite hard to know the exact degree of unfriendliness against women as most of the behavior such as wife battering and rape are being rarely conveyed.
Abusive behavior at home can be physical, sexual, financial, or mental actions or intimidation of activities that impact someone else. It incorporates any practices that threaten, control, humiliate, seclude, startle, threaten, constrain, debilitate, accuse hurt, harm, or wound somebody. It is exceptionally hard to quantify the genuine degree of hostility against women as most occurrences of aggressive behavior at home and rape go unreported. This essay will look into the victimization of women in domestic violence crimes that are occasionally being committed in virtually all parts of the world.
The persons who perform unfriendly practices that involve forceful sex and physical harm are mostly related persons as well as strangers. The people of the female gender are at higher risk in places where they feel more secure such as in their households (Stalans & Lurigio, 1997). For many people, “home” is the place they confront an administration of fear and savagery because of some individual near them someone they ought to have the capacity to trust. They are not able to settle on their choices, voice their opinion, or ensure themselves and their children for dread of further repercussions. The right of ladies are normally underprivileged and taken away repeatedly by the threat of cruelty. Twenty years back, brutality against women was not viewed as an issue deserving of global consideration or concern. Casualties of hostility endured in a hush, with a minimal open difference of their situation. The length of viciousness against women proceeds with, we cannot claim to be making genuine advancement towards balance, improvement, and peace. Important Work by the Commonwealth, States, and Territories alongside accomplice non-government associations, women’s gatherings, and systems has been attempted to handle men’s savagery against women. Our understanding of the nature and extent of this brutality is expanding, and there is better energy about its effect on women, children and on our country. Nevertheless, advance in how to anticipate hostility and to make situations where ladies live free from savagery is at its outset and obliges ongoing Research consideration and strategy vigilance.
As seen from a case that occurred in New York recently where a young man beat up her wife ruthlessly without a care in the world about the young lady’s health and well-being. Hostility against women is available in every area, in all societies, social groups, different originalities, and oldness. Most of the commands is against wildness on women. Despite the fact that most social orders banish viciousness against ladies, in reality, brutality against the rights of the female gender is normally being allowed according to everyday social practices and beliefs of the religion to the. Also, when violation happens inside the home, as is all the time the case, the misuse is viable supported by the implied hush, and the latency showed by the state and the law upholding apparatus. The worldwide measurements of the brutality are surprising as being shown via studies on its frequency of manifestation. It is regularly known as “sex-based” viciousness because it develops partially from women’s subordinate status in the public arena.
As viewed in the case of the young man madly beating her young wife’s to death due to her decline to have any sexual affair with the man. We can clearly see that the highest degree of antagonism against women is being presented through unfriendliness of the male gender through forced sex. It occurs to teenagers, adults and youths (Coker et al., 2002). Personal accomplice ill-use otherwise called aggressive behavior at home, wife beating, and battering is quite often joined by mental abuse and in one-quarter to a one-a significant portion of cases by constrained sex too. The greater parts of women who are ill-used by their accomplices are being misused commonly. Honestly, a climate of fear frequently pervades damaging connections. Aggressive behavior at home can happen to anybody paying little heed to race, age, sexual introduction, religion, or sex. Unfriendly behavior at home affects people of all the social classes including all the stages of training. The unacceptable behavior being expressed at home occur in both husband and wife, same sex relations and those who are dating. Abusive behavior at home influences the individuals who are ill-used, as well as having a generous impact on relatives, companions, collaborators, different witnesses, and the group. Children who are being raised in abusive marriages ends up growing up being affected by the lawbreaking. The continual exposure of the behavior to kids makes them believe that the abuse in marriage is a normal lifestyle. It can result in the hazard of the development of the offensive societies in for the generations.
The brutality case of this young couple was said to have occurred several other times in the past. But unfortunately nobody had ever come to realize until on this day when the young lady could no longer take any more beating. It shows that this abusive behavior at home regularly happens because the culprit accepts that misuse is and supported and worthy, and may create repeated cycles of ill-use that overlook brutality. Mindfulness, recognition, and documentation of aggressive behavior at home vary broadly from nation to nation. Casualties of abusive behavior at home are involved in local brutal circumstances through seclusion, power and control, deficient budgetary assets, fear, disgrace or to secure youngsters. As an issue of misuse, exploited people may encounter physical handicaps, incessant welfare issues, emotional sickness, restricted accounts, and inadequate capacity make substantial connections. Abused women may go through post-traumatic worry issue. Children that are the secondary victims resides in the insulting residence shows much aggression at the tender age that later results to brutality in maturity (Chesney‐Lind, 2002). The ill behavior expressed in homes occurs to restrained marriages. Aggressive behavior at home was for the most part connected with physical viciousness. In spite of the fact that accurate rates are questioned, particularly in the United States, there is a vast assemblage of multifaceted proof. It proves that ladies are subjected to abusive behavior at home fundamentally more frequently than men. What’s more, there is an expansive accord that women are all the more often subjected to extreme types of ill-use and are more prone to be harmed by an injurious accomplice. The circumstances can exacerbate if the lady is financially or socially reliant on the wrongdoer.
Unfortunately, the case of the young man could not be well handled as later within the prosecution the family of the young lady withdrew the case from the court on the basis of protecting their family name and traditions. It therefore illustrates the fact that in most communal classes, women are being accused of having the pre-marital sex and next of keen have had them killed because of breaking their virginity. Losing one’s virginity is seen as the offense to the integrity of the community. According to Heise (1998), the exercise is worse in the sub-Africa region. The act of ahead of schedule marriage is a typical practice that is overreaching in the towns of Tamil-Nadu. It is a presentation of forceful sex, and the youth are being restrained in marriages and the relations of sex. It exposes them to the peril of high chances of contracting HIV/AIDS. It highly contributes to school drop outs. Moreover, it is a fact where the folks are being highly contributes toward the bright future of their young daughters. Parents give their young girls as a way of acquiring funds and status for themselves with their daughters.
Unreliability, clashes, and societal emergencies additionally enhance early marriages. Fiscal reasons are said to assume a note worthy part in such relational unions. Because of the regular practice of lady cash, the young lady youngster turns into an advantage replaceable for cash or products. Families see giving an adolescent girl (or sister) to a family that has the capacity pay a high cost for the lady as an issue answer for their neediness and obligation. The custom of lady cash may rouse families that face responsibility and financial emergency to “trade in for cold hard currency” the “advantage” as youthful as 6 or 7. It is with the comprehension that the real marriage is being deferred until the kid achieves adolescence.On the other hand, there ports demonstrate that this is likewise being watched that young people may be sexually abused by the husband to be. Also they are abused by more seasoned men in the family, especially if the man of the hour is a youngster as well.
The case of the young man and the lady also became open when several of their friends come out in the open and directly criticized the young man. The young man is criticized of infidelity which might have been the cause of the brutality she had towards her wife. The wife might have been just trying to protect herself from contamination to sexual disease thus her refusal for a sexual relationship with her partner thus the brutality against her. Therefore, it is clear that Women cannot ask for safe practices of sex and can neither resist bad sex practices. It has contributed to the high spread of the HIV/AIDS. Undesirable sex from being not able to say “no!” to an accomplice and be listened, to rape, for example, assault brings about a higher danger of scraped spot and dying, giving a prepared road to transmission of the infection. A study showed that the high number of HIV/AIDs were being found in people of Tamil-Nadu in the present years. The lack of the information predisposes the ladies to abuse. The affected people in today’s out fitted clashes are much more inclined to be regular folks than soldiers. By most accounts, 70 percent of the set backs in latest clashes have been non-warriors the greater part of them women and children. Ladies’ bodies have ended up into being some piece of the battleground for the individuals who use deadly weapons as an issue of war. They are assaulted, stolen, mortified and made to experience constrained pregnancy, sexual misuse, and bondage.
In many countries, women and young girls living in exile camps have reported assaults, beatings, and kidnappings that happen when they leave the camps for necessities. 29percentage of all women have encountered physical attack. When a fight ensues, the lady bears the burden of the outcome of such unrest. Welfare specialists and NGO’s distant from everyone else cannot change the social, social, and lawful environment that offers rise to and overlooks far-reaching brutality against women. Finishing physical and sexual hostility obliges long haul responsibility and methods including all parts of society. Numerous governments have conferred themselves to suppress the brutality against the rights of the women. They have also passed the laws that enables for the protection of the rights of women and to punish their abusers. According to Sternberg et al. (1993), there are ways that can make ladies change the convictions and mentality that allows for unfriendly behavior. Just when ladies pick up their spot as equivalent parts of society will viciousness against ladies never again be an imperceptible standard, however, rather a stunning variation. Numerous NGO’s have organized out training and gathering talks, as an issue of which “respect killings” were shockingly talked about in broad daylight. The undertaking prompted positive changes in information, mentality, and practices among group parts that progressively started to respect “honor killings” as an issue, instead honest to goodness intends to guard a tribe’s honor.
Crimes are perpetrated against the women in varied forms of brutality. According to the Constitution, Article 21, it has to be linked to the harshness against women and not to the community. In India, Crimes against ladies extensively fall into two classes. Offense eminent under IPC and offenses accepted under Special Laws. The Act is proposed to secure the privileges of ladies adequately to an acceptable and honorable life in the group. It is critical to note, that the Preamble of the Act emphasizes the requirement of the concerned women quick reliefs. Harshness against women illustrates uneven force in associations amongst the men and ladies. Brutality against women is an appearance of unequal force relations in the middle of men and ladies. It has led to the oppression of the ladies by the male gender. It is usual that the abuse is the portion that affects the general well-being that is against human rights. The fierceness’s effects are very destructive to ladies’ health both mentally and physically. According to Crenshaw (1991), brutality results in hazards of various body organs of the body as well the agony, drug abuse and conditions of the body. The ladies that have a past of physical and sexual abuse have the high rates of unplanned pregnancies, STIs and abnormalities in their fetuses. The ones that are involved in the violence seeks the assistance from medical practitioners where they end up vain.
After a further study of the case of the young lady and her abuse husband, it becomes eminent that the young man started being brutal to the young lady before and after she gave birth to his firstborn. It clearly shows that the danger of abusive behavior at home for women who have been pregnant is most noteworthy promptly after labor. The Council E.U dispensed guidelines on the fight against the brutality being shown to women and young girls including the FGM. The European women supported this information that aid in addressing issues affecting the women in Europe today. The ill behavior toward the women entails the physical and the sexual harassment of the families or the outside relationships (Tjaden & Thoennes, 2000). Women are being exposed to the higher percentage of brutality in the private relationship as compared to anywhere else. In a later study by the WHO in Tamil-Nadu, over 50% of the elder officials realizes the abusive relationships interferes with ladies’ working environment and has a negative impact on organization benefits. It was further being realized that the brutal misconduct at home made the affected to lose about 8000000 number of days of paid work annually. Subsequently, large number of women are subjected to early death by their recent or previous partners. Ladies are being murdered by the individuals whom they know and kick the bucket from weapon savagery, beatings and smolders, among various different manifestations of misuse.
The United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women (1993) expresses that the brutality against the ladies is proof of unbalanced powers present between the ladies and men. It has triggered the expertise over and the oppression of ladies and to the counteractive action of whole the progression of ladies. It also has led to hostility against ladies is one of the urgent social instruments by which ladies are constrained into a subordinate position contrasted and men. The Declaration of the Elimination of Violence against Women orders viciousness against ladies into three classes. They all happens in the family happening, in the general group and at the executed or overlooked by the State (Mullin & Linz, 1995). When a woman is being mistreated during the period of expectancy, it may result in serious problems of health to the fetus and herself. Pregnancy is also advantageous since it makes the rude partner halt the behavior.
A UNIFEM report gives an account of savagery against women, from 1327 episodes of violence towards women gathered in the year 2003 to 2005. Over 35 females were being involved in various cases of killing. Restricted accessibility of administrations, disgrace, and apprehension keep ladies from looking for support and change. In the recent study that was being conducted by the organization of health found that 55-95% of Tamil-Nadu, ladies who were abused had never complained about any assistance. Savagery by accomplice is so typical in our public that forced ladies do commit suicide a few times. All the traditional practices observe harsh treatment against women that are being practiced in many parts of the world. It includes the FGM, honor killing, and early forceful marriages. They all result to the death, mental disturbance and health problems of women. Females of all age are interfered by this tradition. In this case, the media had highlighted in bold letters about the young man’s behavior and used this as a good example of them any women who suffer brutality in silence. The media took the opportunity that men are the once who mostly instigate these brutal confrontations within the families. Although it was the case in a specific scenario, it is sometimes the other way round where also women are the victimizers of their men something that the media did not highlight in the occasion.
Indeed, ladies that have not been exposed to the incidences of the hostility are aware of their susceptibility. Most women have the fear of walking alone during the nights. According to the parliamentary report, there is the authorization from various mixed sources. Ladies are more dreadful than men of being distant from everyone else in their homes and of strolling in their neighborhood around evening time. Ladies s alarm of hostility in the group found that more than 70 percent of Australian ladies feel dangerous when walking unaccompanied at night. According to the Victorian study, the effects of abuse on women should not be ignored. Various ladies experience the different forms of brutality which largely affects their security and success, at work and in the group. Brutality against women especially at home does a huge effect on the children who experience the traumatizing images of their parents fighting at very tender age. It affects the child mental well-being as in the case of the child belonging to the young couple who occasionally fought while being watched by their young ones. Thus, it brings a very negative image of the society and thus tarnishing the community’s name.
The National Survey on the people’s position to brutality against Women 2009 will both help and reinforce these activities. It expands on the outline and methodology of two past national reviews of group state of mind to savagery against ladies embraced by Headquarters of Women between the years 1987 to 1995. The key aims of the 2009 National Survey are to evaluate the constituents that influence organization various collection depositions. It aid brutality against the women and achieves the gauging mental alterations. The hostility happens in all the tribes, social classes, and religious beliefs. In the world, all women are vulnerable to hostility. As seen in the case of the young men and her wife, it is eminent that both women and men can be culprits and casualties of hostility and rape. Look into reliably demonstrates that men execute the mind dominant part of brutality and misuse against ladies in homes. It is the men whom ladies know well or in circumstances they impart Violence against ladies cuts over different varieties of interpersonal viciousness. Therefore must be tended to as an issue of sex imbalance and disparity (Gracia, & Herrero, 2006).
In conclusion, Brutality against ladies is not just a sign of unequal force relations amid men and ladies; it is a component for sustaining imbalance. Knowledge of brutality against ladies and why group disposition is imperative Violence against ladies is an infringement of human rights, now and again fatal and constantly unsuitable. It is an intricate and tireless issue with different reasons (Campbell, 2002). The general effect of such hostility is boundless, as it straightforwardly influences women as well as their children, their families and companions, work environments and groups. In good terms, there is no more prominent effect than the damage showed by personal accomplice savagery on ladies’ lives the end of such viciousness has turned into a commitment of all governments. In respect of the brutality against ladies, we must take a day out to judge investigate and wipe out any brought on viciousness on them. Also universally, it is praised on 25 Nov consistently as “white lace day “additionally. The conclusion from the World History, it has dependably been demonstrated that a woman is dependable been tormented physically, rationally and sexually. Continuously, she is dealt with as an issue that looks decent when being indoors and throughout and does everything according to the instructions given to her. It’s the time to structure such society that promises women that brutality is inadmissible and that no lady should be beaten, sexually ill-used, or made to endure inwardly.
References
Campbell, J. C. (2002). Health consequences of intimate partner violence. The Lancet, 359(9314), 1331-1336.
Chesney‐Lind, M. (2002). Criminalizing victimization: The unintended consequences of pro‐arrest policies for girls and women. Criminology & Public Policy, 2(1), 81-90.
Coker, A. L., Davis, K. E., Arias, I., Desai, S., Sanderson, M., Brandt, H. M., & Smith, P. H.
Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford law review, 1241-1299.
Gracia, E., & Herrero, J. (2006). Acceptability of domestic violence against women in the European Union: A multilevel analysis. Journal of epidemiology and community health, 60(2), 123-129.
Heise, L. L. (1998). Violence against women an integrated, ecological framework. Violence against women, 4(3), 262-290.
Heise, L. L., Raikes, A., Watts, C. H., & Zwi, A. B. (1994). Violence against women: a neglected public health issue in less developed countries. Social science & medicine, 39(9), 1165-1179.
Mullin, C. R., & Linz, D. (1995). Desensitization and re-sensitization to violence against women: effects of exposure to sexually violent films on judgments of domestic violence victims. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(3), 449.
Paudel, G. S. (2007). Domestic violence against women in Nepal. Gender, Technology and Development, 11(2), 199-233.
Stalans, L. J., & Lurigio, A. J. (1997). Responding to domestic violence against women. The Legal Response to Violence Against Women, 5(4), 343.
Sternberg, K. J., Lamb, M. E., Greenbaum, C., Cicchetti, D., Dawud, S., Cortes, R. M., … &
Lorey, F. (1993). Effects of domestic violence on children’s behavior problems and depression. Developmental psychology, 29(1), 44.
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000). Prevalence and consequences of male-to-female and female-to-male intimate partner violence as measured by the National Violence Against Women Survey. Violence against women, 6(2), 142-161.
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Write a 4-5 page reaction (excluding cover/reference). These should include a brief summary, your own ideas/thoughts, and integration of the chapter (Chapter 10 in Our Social World: Introduction to Sociology, Third Edition Media Update by Jeanne H. Ballantine and Keith A. Roberts. . All papers should include a cover page with your name, date, my name, chapter, and article title. A reference page should also be included. and cited in APA format.
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Montreal and Toronto Women in the Great Depression
Montreal and Toronto Women in the Great Depression
Order Instructions:
Montreal and Toronto Women in the Great Depression,
The 1930s were a decade of considerable difficulty for many families in Canada as a result of widespread unemployment, under-employment and low wages. There is a growing literature that examines the particular ways in which women experienced the Great Depression differently than men. You are asked to compare two books that explore the ways women in two major Canadian cities were affected and responded to this decade of hardship. In 1999 Denyse Baillargeon published Making Do, an English translation of her study examining the role housewives in Montreal played in family strategies of economic survival. In 2010 Katrina Srigley published Bread winning Daughters, which examines the paid work and family dynamics of young working women in Toronto during the Great Depression. Each of these books contributes to our understanding of the lives of women in Canada during that difficult decade.
Your assignment is to write a comparative essay based only on these two books that discusses the following:
1. the impact of unemployment on women in urban families
2. women’s coping strategies
3. gender dynamics within these families
4. the kinds of primary sources each author used to research her topic and how you think these sources may have influenced the historian’s interpretation.
5. a comparison of the relative merits of oral histories as a window onto the lives of women
6. a comparison of the perspective each book offers us on women and their work during the Great Depression
7. whether you preferred one book over the other, and if so, why.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Montreal and Toronto Women in the Great Depression
‘Breadwinning daughters’ is a literature done by Katrina Srigley and addresses oral histories of Toronto women in depression during the year 1930. Srigley contacts an oral interview on 80 women who express their sense of loss and regret on the depression period. The women struggle, efforts and strength in Toronto is expressed in this book throughout, an aspect which compares to Montreal women struggle as expressed by Denyse Baillargeon in ‘Making Do’. Even though both Montreal and Toronto women efforts expressed in the books show strength and dedication, each book has different assertions on what end of depression reflected to their live. For instance, Baillargeon affirmed that working Montreal women lost their job when they got married, while Srigley affirmed that women got liberation after child birth, while others lost their focus completely. However, both books come to one conclusion that, gender itself during the depression period was typically less important compared to race, ethnicity, or even the individual living standards.
The impact of unemployment on both Montreal and Toronto women in urban families was almost similar. In Montreal, Baillargeon confirmed that only few women were employed in heavy industry, railways or construction. Most of the women in Montreal were household workers, while others were employed in restaurants and family businesses like shops. For the employed women in factories, their duties were specifically clothing, food and catering duties. Only a few educated women found their way into companies were they worked as secretaries, as others secured teaching as the alternative professional option. Notably, Baillargeon made a conclusion that women were expected to give up their job immediately they got married. In comparison to Srigley work on Toronto women, similar unemployment impacts were evident during the depression period. Similar to Montreal women, depression ended the Toronto women dream of getting good employment in addition to childbearing which terminated their post secondary education. Different from Baillargeon expression of Montreal women, Srigley revealed a more prominent future for the Montreal women, who presumed education after childbearing.
The coping strategies by both Toronto and Montreal women were similar. The writers in both books express women as being compatible and accepting any job available in order to cope with the depression period. For instance, Srigley noted that Toronto women were focused to perform any world job irrespective of the type, an aspect which led to most women leaving their education system to work in efforts to cope to the depression period. Similarly, Baillargeon noted that Montreal women performed any available job, with only a few educated women working as secretaries and teachers. Baillargeon specified that most women were either household workers, employed as waiters in restaurants, or maybe employed at a private business or shop. Additionally, women who worked in factories only performed duties related to clothing and food. In Toronto and Montreal, women performed any available job as coping strategies during the depression period.
The gender dynamics within both literatures considers women as the sole center of labor and family economies. For instance, Srigley argued that young women in Toronto were perceived as the centre for labor and the overall family breadwinning, an aspect which he elaborates as forming women cultural and economic backgrounds in shaping they coping ways to the depression period. Similar concepts are evident in Baillargeon literature where he argued that Montreal women updated the strategies their mothers used when they were growing up in poor families. This concept indicates that the role of women in economic and labor was an adapted strategy for children to learn from parents. Baillargeon added that purchase of cheap foods, sewing and patching cloths as well as postponing expensive essentials were the common economic strategies adapted by the Montreal women, which replicates similar centrality of women in labor and breadwinning during the depression period.
Notably, both Baillargeon and Srigley utilized oral histories in their interviews to come up with a conscience assertion of the women position in labor and economics during the depression period. Srigley performed his interview on Toronto women during his research. He used more than 80 interviews with women who specifically lived and worked in Toronto during the depression period of the 1930s. Baillargeon on the other hand utilized similar ground to come up with his assertion on women labor and economics. However, Baillargeon made a smaller number of interviews by interviewing only 30 Montreal women. He however used similar grounds of ensuring that the women he interviewed lived and worked in Montreal during the depression period of 1930s. These concepts ensured a more perfect research method such that the information collected was more reliable for the general assertion that, women played the labor and economics role during the depression period.
With respect to both authors’ concepts in their research presentation, a common assertion can be attained on women responsibility during the depression period. However, Srigley book which interviewed 80 Toronto women can be more reliable for a general assertion, compared to Baillargeon book which interviewed only 30 Montreal women. This follows the statistical reliability on diverse data collection for a general assertion. Therefore, the percentage error in Srigley data would be low compared to Baillargeon data hence making his assertions more reliable.
Read Case 9.5: Swedish Daddies, located on page 351 of your textbook (attached PDF has case reference material).
Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you answer the following questions:
1. If you have, or plan to have, children, what sort of balance do you seek between career and
family life? Do you believe that the mindset of corporate America is conducive to the type of work
and family arrangement that would suit you?
2. Should the United States require companies to provide paid maternity leave? Should it assist
them to do so? What about paternity leave?
3. Should specialized organizational arrangements be made for workers who wish to combine
career and child raising? Suppose specialized organizational arrangements must be made for
such workers. Identify steps that companies can take to accommodate parental needs more
effectively.
4. Does a firm have an obligation to give employees the flexibility to work out the particular balance
of career and family that is right for them? Or does this go beyond the social responsibilities of
business?
5. Cite your textbook as a reference.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all
sides; references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any
additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s
name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in
the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Analyze the concepts of public safety and government regulation along with the role of business
responsibility.
• Recommend ways in which businesses can be partners with nature by applying the concepts of
business ethics, business ecology, and environmental ethics.
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in business ethics.
• Write clearly and concisely about business ethics using proper writing mechanics.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Swedish Daddies
Parents should balance their time between work and family. They should always ensure that they spend quality time with their families without using much of it accomplishing tasks at work. As much as income earned from work sustains the family, spending time with family members increases the love between parents and children. In the article, the author states in the article that most jobs offered for women have low income and require less time to accomplish a task. The author further states that employment opportunities that pay much money require worker to spend most of their time working to accomplish tasks. Married couples who plan to have children should seek to engage themselves in careers that do not work for late hours (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). In addition, they should not settle for jobs that they work through evenings (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). They can pick on a career that they work for eight hours then spend the rest of their time with their families.
Consequently, the love between the parents and the children bonds when they spend much time together. Through this practice, the children share numerous issues with their parents (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). Children also tend to be free with their parents. Spouses should also not consider employment opportunities that require them to work over the weekends as this also denies their time with their families. Referring to the article, the author states that the mindset of corporate America is not conducive to the type of work and family (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). Corporate America is also not conducive to the type of work and family because they are opposed to marital leave for working women. America does not guarantee women a paid maternity leave. Through this practice, America does not encourage women to consider giving birth since their employees do not receive their maternity leave allowance. America also offers less remuneration to jobs that women execute because of their flexibility and availability. Arguably, women do not get a chance to secure well paying jobs because they require employees to work for long hours.
Business organizations within United States should allow employed women paid maternity leave. Though this practice, women can constitute their family by giving birth to the number of children they desire. Paid maternity leave also allows women to cater for their needs during the time that they are attending to their newly born babies (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). Allowing women maternity leave without allowances discourages them to give birth to children they desire. Women should be at liberty to give birth to the number of children they desire since this forms their families. Parental leave employee gain offered in most countries that grant paid time off work to care for a child or arrange for the welfare of the child (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Government institutions should stipulate a minimum benefit of parental leave in the law so that business organizations can practice its implementation (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Parental leave law in return benefits parents and their children. Paid parental leave to married couples should also be available as legal rights.
The interests of the children should be a collective responsibility between the parents to raise their children successfully (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Consequently, the three types of childcare policies include parental leave policy, childcare policy and early childhood benefits. Parental leave policies assist employed parents prior to giving birth to stay at home for a period so that they can take care of the child. A paternity leave is important to households since married men assist their women to carry out their daily duties during the maternity leave. Paternal leave also increases the bond between a woman and a newly born child. Paternal leave is also important for men since it allows them to have a long break with their families (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Childcare policies enable parents receive assistance in non-parental care for the child by subsidizing the type of care parents select. In addition, childcare programs serve both working and non-working parents. In addition, early childhood benefits support parents in their everyday care of their child. The benefits parents receive in return are cash grants used to cover the costs of caring for an infant.
Formation of specialized organizations for workers who wish to combine career and to raise their children is of necessity because it encourages family members to spend more time with their families. Specialized organizations allow men and women flexible time to execute their duties (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). These organizations also pay adequate allowances to their staff members to enable them cater for their families. Consequently, family members can interact with each other and can share many issues amongst themselves. A specialized organization will allow its workers maternal leave that further encourages married couples to form their families and raise the number of children they desire to during their marriage (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Paternity leave is also of necessity since men offer their assistance during the maternity leave (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). In the article, the author states that business organizations in Sweden are allowing women employees up to sixteen months paid maternal leave per child. Through this practice, women can give birth without worrying how they will sustain their newly born children (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). In Sweden, business organizations allow men a two-month paternity leave that they use to support their families.
Arguable, business organizations in Sweden supports the practice of parents to spend most of their time with their families and children. Specialized organizations can take numerous steps to accommodate parental needs more effectively (Grzywacz & Demerouti, 2013). These steps include allowing parents to work within the normal eight hours per day. Through this practice, parents can spend time with their families, which further culminate to love among them. Through this practice, families are also able to perform numerous duties together at home. Specialized organizations should not operate through the weekends as this also denies families time together. Consequently, specialized organizations should offer their staff salaries that can sustain both their basic needs and those of their families. Arguably, a sustainable salary for employees enables them to perform their duties well and deliver positive output compared to earning a low salary.
Business organizations are not obliged to give employees the flexibility to work out the particular balance between career and family. Business organizations should embrace practices that value their employees. Business ethics requires that business organizations engage in activities that enhance sustainability of the business. Business ethics is a professional applied ethics that examines ethical principles and moral or ethical predicaments that arise in a business environment (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Business ethics concerns all aspects of business conduct and is applicable to the behavior of individuals and entire organizations. The main aim of for-profit business organizations is to maximize their profits with the available resources within the market. Business ethics contributes to the reputation of the organization positively (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). In addition, business ethics also assists the company to communicate its expectations to its staff members, to suppliers, vendors and customers.
It is necessary that business institutions giving their employees the flexibility of work because it enables them to perform their duties without much stress. Ethical business practices also create a positive working environment within the market and enable the organization avoids legal problems (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Arguably, giving employees the flexibility to work out the particular balance of career and family goes beyond the social responsibilities of the business. Consequently, the business will have a positive reputation within the market. Through this practice, the business can increase its market share and maintain its sustainability within the market. The business also creates a good rapport with its staff members (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Through this practice, staff members of the business can raise issues concerning them and the organization at large. A good rapport with the business also fosters a good relationship between the staff members and the management of the organization (Korabik, Lero & Whitehead, 2011). Even so, staff members can assist the management run the business by giving out crucial information that may be of use and support to the business organization.
HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
In recent years, hormone replacement therapy has become a controversial issue. When prescribing therapies, advanced practice nurses must weigh the strengths and limitations of the prescribed supplemental hormones. If advanced practice nurses determine that the limitations outweigh the strengths, then they might suggest alternative treatment options such as herbs or other natural remedies, changes in diet, and increase in exercise.
Consider the following scenario:
As an advanced practice nurse at a community health clinic, you often treat female (and sometimes male patients) with hormone deficiencies. One of your patients requests that you prescribe supplemental hormones. This poses the questions: How will you determine what kind of treatment to suggest? What patient factors should you consider? Are supplemental hormones the best option for the patient, or would they benefit from alternative treatments?
To prepare:
• Review Chapter 56 of the Arcangelo and Peterson text, as well as the Holloway and Makinen and Huhtaniemi articles in the Learning Resources.
• Review the provided scenario and reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.
• Locate and review additional articles about research on hormone replacement therapy for women and/or men. Consider the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy.
• Based on your research of the strengths and limitations, again reflect on whether or not you would support hormone replacement therapy.
• Consider whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies.
ASSIGNMENT PAPER
WRITE:
1) A description of the strengths and limitations of hormone replacement therapy.
2). Based on these strengths and limitations, explain why you would or why you would not support hormone replacement therapy.
3). Explain whether you would prescribe supplemental hormones or recommend alternative treatments to patients with hormone deficiencies and why.
Readings/Recommended References (you may choose your own textbook or article for this paper
Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
o Chapter 33, “Prostatic Disorders and Erectile Dysfunction” (pp. 481–495)
This chapter examines the causes, pathophysiology, and drug treatment of four disorders: prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and erectile dysfunction. It also explores the importance of monitoring patient response and patient education.
o Chapter 34, “Overactive Bladder” (pp. 496–511)
this chapter describes the causes, pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and evaluation of overactive bladder. It also outlines the process of initiating, administering, and managing drug treatment for this disorder.
o Chapter 55, “Contraception” (pp. 874–883)
this chapter examines various methods of contraception and covers drug interactions, selecting the most appropriate agent, and monitoring patient response to contraceptions.
o Chapter 56, “Menopause and Menopausal Hormone Therapy” (pp. 884–895)
this chapter presents various options for menopausal hormone therapy and examines the strengths and limitations of each form of therapy.
o Chapter 57, “Osteoporosis” (pp. 896–903)
this chapter covers various options for treating osteoporosis. It also describes proper dosages, potential adverse reactions, and special considerations of each drug.
o Chapter 58, “Vaginitis” (pp. 904–915)
this chapter examines various causes of vaginitis and explores the diagnostic criteria and methods of treatment for the disorder.
• Holloway, D. (2010). Clinical update on hormone replacement therapy. British Journal of Nursing, 19(8), 496–504.
Retrieved from a Collage Library databases.
This article examines the purpose, components, and administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). It also presents benefits, risks, potential side effects, and alternative treatment options of HRT.
• Mäkinen, J. I., & Huhtaniemi, I. (2011). Androgen replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies—A mini-review. Gerontology, 57(3), 193–202.
Retrieved from a Collage Library databases.
This article examines the role of testosterone levels in the development of hypogonadism. It also explores health issues that are impacted by testosterone levels and the role of testosterone replacement therapy.
• Drugs.com. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.drugs.com/
this website presents a comprehensive review of prescription and over-the-counter drugs including information on common uses and potential side effects. It also provides updates relating to new drugs on the market, support from health professionals, and a drug-drug interactions checker.
• U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. (2012). Recommendations for adults. Retrieved from http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/adultrec.htm
this website lists various preventive services available for men and women and provides information about available screenings, tests, preventive medication, and counseling.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Hormone Replacement Therapy
Introduction
In their line of their duty, advanced practice nurse (APN) are confronted with issue of dispensing supplemental hormones to patients in hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, administration of supplemental hormones requires the APN to weigh the strengths and weaknesses of the prescribed medication. Therefore, the following discussion will engage in reviewing some of these strengths and weaknesses of HRT. In addition, the paper will indulge to discuss why APN should not support HRT based on the strength and weaknesses of the practice. The paper will conclude by illustrating some of the alternative treatment to HRT for treating patients with hormone deficiencies.
Discussion
APNs use HRT to treat women who are going through menopause and those who had already gone through menopause (post-menopausal).HRT is commended by boosting the quality of life post-menopause and it relieves much of the varied unbearable menopausal symptoms. It also rejuvenates well-being of a woman by shielding her from feeling blue always. Estrogen used in HRT is significantly proved to enhanced short-term memory. Mäkinen & Huhtaniemi (2011) have concluded that there is distinct difference in short-term memory between women who had active ovaries or were on postmenopausal, as compared to menopausal women without HRT or ovaries (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). Most importantly, HRT is presumably best bet against osteoporosis. This is because estrogen amplifies bone mass by catalyzing the activities of the functions of osteoclasts (a cell that eat old bone so that new bone can start to form). Finally, HRT is commended for its importance in reducing CVDs (cardiovascular diseases). This is brought in by the fact that estrogen enables lipid metabolism that plays a crucial role in preventing CVDs to affect the health status of a women-undergoing menopause.
However, limitations of HRT enter in the realm of the practice of HRT to challenge its strengths. One of these limitations is that it accelerates the risk of endometrial cancer, mostly when estrogen is dispensed without any progestin or progesterone (Arcangelo & Peterson, 2013). Another limitation is that HRT increases the risk of blood clots, stroke, heart attack, ovarian cancer if taken together with progestin and oral estrogen (Mäkinen & Huhtaniemi, 2011). More to worry about is that women undergoing HRT may experience pain in their breasts, and to some extent may suffer bloating and fluid retention, nausea, depression, and other mood swings. Finally, women who take progestin and estrogen in cycles may experience monthly vaginal bleeding, or spotting when taken on daily purposes.
From the above analysis of strengths and weaknesses of HRT, APN should not support HRT. This is because its disadvantages are such serious as compared to its benefits. This is because repercussions from the treatment are adverse and may include breast cancer, ovarian cancer, stroke, blood pressure. This is incomparable to its benefits that include outliving hot flashes and night sweats as well as easing vaginal symptoms of menopause such as dryness, itching, burning and discomfort with intercourse. According to (Mäkinen & Huhtaniemi (2011), limitations will always arise whether estrogen is dispensed together with progestin and progesterone or not.
Considering the adverse effects of HRT, APN should prescribe alternatives to HRT for women with hormone deficiencies. These alternative treatments comprises of herbal medicine, nutrition, homeopathy, exercise and other modalities (Drugs.com, 2012). The reason why APN should recommend this alternatives to HRT rather that hormones supplements is because they offer a great help to alleviate most of the symptoms of menopause and guide a woman to health. In addition, this approach will assist women to accept changes that occur naturally in the menopause.
Conclusion
In summary, HRT is associated with strength and weaknesses. These aspects help APN to decide whether to dispense supplemental hormones to a woman. However, if the limitations outweigh the strengths, APN will result to use other alternative medications. Alternative treatment to HRT is to enable woman to accept the natural and physiological changes occurring in their body, rather than resulting to look for supplemental hormones.
References
Arcangelo, V. P., & Peterson, A. M. (Eds.). (2013).Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (3rd ed.). Ambler, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Mäkinen, J. I., & Huhtaniemi, I. (2011). Androgen replacement therapy in late-onset hypogonadism: Current concepts and controversies—A mini-review. Gerontology, 57(3), 193–202.
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Long-term financial implications of unequal division in paid and unpaid work between men and women
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Discuss the long-term financial implications of unequal division in paid and unpaid work between men and women (within and between households) and the extent to which individuals and governments can act to mitigate the implications of these differences in the future.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Gender Pay Gap
Abstract
The gender pay gap has always being a controversial subject. The inequality between the pay structures between men and women have been traditionally been linked to the historical roles of childbearing and rearing that women have to undertake besides the regular jobs for normal maintenance. The traditional roles women perform both domestically in some places of work are unpaid. These roles have not been quantified in terms of their financial capabilities but their implications have far greater consequences than the male dominated jobs. The responsibilities that women bear are enormous and greatly weigh them down especially in their pursuit of quality education and well paying jobs that are more demanding.
The consequences and implications of the employment and pay imbalance between men and women are catastrophic. The women population will continue to dwindle as majority will sink to poverty as a result of the greater responsibilities of bringing up children while the lowly paid jobs have to be alternated with long periods of absenteeism as a result of pregnancies and childbearing complications. Reduced populations will affect the labor market as scarcity leads to more demand which results in increased costs of acquiring labor services. These will eventually lead to a spiral type of inflation.
Lack of adequate income will also result in ill health, more infant mortality rates and also will largely contribute to women powerlessness. It’s obvious that the inequality in wage compensation affects more women than men and as a result more women are shunning or postponing the extra responsibilities associated with childbirth and marriage. These difficulties have now become a factor in future population growths with countries like Japan and Switzerland experiencing low births that are not consistent with population imbalance. The numbers of old people are growing much faster than they are being replaced by the younger population. (EC, 2009b) Reduced population growths will finally lead to reduced labor force. Labor is a factor of production and its scarcity leads to more expenses for its acquisition. (Millar and Gardiner, 2004)
Inequality in income distribution between paid and unpaid work will lead majority of the workers to shun the unpaid work whether it’s dominated by men or women. All types of jobs have their contribution in the economy. The sudden withdrawal of one sector in the economy will affect the functions of the other sectors as well. (Goode, Callender and Lister, 1998)
The governments can enact legislation that protect women’s right in parental responsibilities and also enforce their rights in gender equality in places of work and compensation structures. The economic empowerment of women and the equality in payment compensation will ultimately lead to more productive society.
The provision of basic services and access to financial assistance in terms of welfare and job creation for women should be a priority for the government. The paid maternity allowance should be also encouraged by allowing companies that have more female employees tax incentives to encourage the employment of more women. The role of women in many households should also be factored during divorce proceedings and the wealth acquired by both parties should also be naturally split as such roles are necessities in life.
Individual men can also participate positively in creating a fair and free society where all people are equal despite of gender or pay differences. Individuals can assist the government in implementing the financial and social changes that may be required to balance between the compensation structures between men and women.
References
Goode, J., Callender, C. and Lister, R. (1998) Purse or Wallet? Gender Inequalities and Income Distribution within Families on Benefits. London: Policy Studies Institute cited in
