Interpretation of CBT and Physiotherapeutic Approaches

Interpretation of CBT and Physiotherapeutic Approaches
Interpretation of CBT and Physiotherapeutic Approaches

Interpretation of CBT and Physiotherapeutic Approaches

Man are disturbed not by things which happen, but by the opinions about the things… (Epictetus, 1877/2004, p. 3) This is a quote from Epictetus in first-century Greece. His writings were representative of the Stoic movement. This form of philosophy believed that reason could overcome basic instincts and emotions. A modern-day analogy to expand on this view would be to consider a victim rescued from a house fire. The victim subsequently experiences post-traumatic stress, and although many firefighters experience post-traumatic stress, the firefighter that rescued the victim does not. Interpret these statements from a CBT perspective and one other psychotherapeutic approach of your choice. Consider the above quote and example. Then explain how its interpretation may change when looking at it through the lens of CBT and one other psychotherapeutic approach of your choice. Support your response with examples and research citations. Support your Hand-in Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. Support your Hand-in Assignment with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. Please provide DOI’s. Please provide as many citations within the body of the work as possible.

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Recovery in action: Challenges for practice

Recovery in action: Challenges for practice
Recovery in action: Challenges for practice

Recovery in action: Challenges for practice

Assignment guidelines Students are asked to outline a case example concerning a service user they have worked with, involving a challenging presentation; offering a case history and a critical appraisal of the intervention(s) deployed. The student will reflect also on recovery issues in relation to their chosen case example. The aim of this assignment is for you to demonstrate your understanding of the implementation of recovery in practice and some of the challenges faced when implementing an intervention. All cases have their own challenges, therefore when writing up your assignment, you can choose to focus on a service user with any mental health issues, and i.e. you do not need to be limited to the mental health presentations covered in this module. Use the sample essay to guide you on assignment style and the types of critical discussions you may cover in relation to implementing recovery focused care. In addition, use the guide below to assist you to structure your assignment.

1. Introduction – (approx. 50 words) This is a statement of intent – i.e. what it is you will be doing in the assignment.

2. Main Body – (up to 2700 words) Case study critical discussion

  • Introduce the service user – the age, gender, ethnicity, (please ensure that confidentiality is maintained and a statement should be written to confirm that confidentiality has been maintained. Do not mention the service user’s real name or the name of the clinical service they are under.) Include the setting, (the service where they are in receipt of care), any cultural considerations, co-existing conditions, (physical health, substance misuse for example), pre-existing conditions, any communication/language issues, spiritual and religious issues, socioeconomic status – (finance, housing etc.), psychosocial – (employed/unemployed? Social network?), Legal – Mental Health Act? Medication?
  • Presenting issues. What are the needs? Precipitating factors – current causes, what are the factors leading up to presentation? Service user’s views on current presentation. Has a diagnosis been made? Intervention
  • Critically reflect upon the implementation of one intervention. What is being implemented and why? How was it facilitated? Challenges in relation to recovery, for example were there any issues related to collaboration and patient centred care, (both recovery themes)? Were there any other challenges to implementing recovery approaches? Give examples and ensure that all points asserted are supported by relevant literature, (which should be no more than 10 years old, unless it is considered classic text).

3. Conclusion (approx. 250 words) What is it you have learned by reflecting on this case study in relation to the implementation of recovery in practice?

LEARNING RESOURCES 9.2 Optional Materials               I WOULD LIKE MY ESSAY TO BE BASED ON AN INPATIENT ON A MENTAL HEALTH WARD WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA. I HAVE ALSO GOT AN EXAMPLE ESSAY ON AN EATING DISORDER WHICH I WOULD LIKE U TO FOLLOW TO COMPLETE MINE. I HOPE THIS EXAMPLE WILL HELP YOU KNOW THE PATTERN TO FOLLOW TO COMPLETE MY ESSAY ON PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA.

EXAMPLE ESSAY

Jade (a pseudonym), 17 years old, was referred to the unit of my recent placement, by a local eating disorders service. They had received a referral from her GP who surmised that she may have anorexia nervosa (AN). Two practitioners from the service conducted an assessment with Jade and they were sufficiently concerned at the risk of serious physical complications as a result of substantial weight loss to warrant admission. Jade agreed to an informal admission to the unit. AN includes features such as a refusal to maintain healthy body weight, as standardised by the Body Mass Index (BMI), and a persistent and disproportionate fear of weight gain (Cromby et al, 2013). AN is deemed as multifactorial in its nature, part of which is concerned with the psychological well-being of the individual, and in many instances familial and social elements are evident in the development of the condition (Turner and Baldock, 2017).

Case history: Jade was accompanied to the unit by her mother. It was noticeable from the outset that there was uneasiness between Jade and her mother, evidenced in part by Jade’s choice to sit with distance between them. The original referral from the GP had expressed concern about conflicts within the family. The literature on the subject of family influence in people with eating disorders is broad in its nature, and includes issues such as consistently high levels of adverse childhood experiences, early separation and child abuse in many cases (Jacobi et al, 2014). Eisler et al (2013) suggest a note of caution where assigning causality to the family is concerned as the evidence for dysfunction or specified behavioural patterns is inconsistent across families. Jade was invited to share her thoughts about the development of her issue with eating, and she suggested that the family had begun talking about it in the last few weeks. This contrasted with her mother’s suggestion that they had been concerned about Jade’s ‘preoccupation with dieting’ for the last 18 months. This discussion in some way illustrated how individuals with AN often dissociate themselves from their eating disorder as ‘a problem’, and something that others are unnecessarily concerned about, from the perspective of the person with AN (Aherne and Bell, 2015). This theme continued throughout the discussion, with expressions of distress from Jade’s mother, and indifference from Jade herself. What was apparent during this interview was that Jade’s eye contact was fleeting at best, and she sat during the process with her feet up on the seat and her knees tucked up to her chin; to the observer a regressive posture, i.e. childlike. Regressive behaviour in people with eating disorders is not uncommon, and according to Farnham (2011) may, besides offering some notion of the young persons’ mind set in the challenging climate of a mental health assessment, also potentially, point to the origins of their condition, in terms of seeking sanctuary through the need to avoid the responsibilities and expectations that arrive with maturity. During discussion, it emerged that Jade had experienced some difficulty around 18 months earlier concerning an ex-boyfriend. Jade confided that her virginity was ‘still intact’ and this was ‘under threat’ during that time, and led to her breaking off the relationship. She said that she had heard some ‘horror stories’ about first sexual encounters and this had made her very anxious about the prospect of sex. A study by Bullard (2013) involving a group of women aged between 18 and 23 years, indicated that a common reason for the early development of food refusal was the delay or interruption of sexual maturity. Reasons for this could include the experience of childhood sexual abuse, family dysfunction or psychosexual disturbances resulting from distorted beliefs about sex (as perhaps in Jade’s case), or distressing sexual experiences (Walters & Hamilton, 2003; Mughal & Price 2014).

Case history goes on to identify potential causative indicators and other important issues such as protective factors in Jade’s case, and profiling her family/social network. You could use a genogram or socio-gram to develop a picture of the family/social network. A major challenge faced by the team was the issue of feeding against Jade’s will. Having been a ‘picky eater’ as identified by her mother, Jade had long had a difficult relationship with food. When a person experiences an eating disorder, it frequently brings sufferer and parent, often the mother, back into a relationship concentrating on food and feeding but in a far more fraught and painful manner

(Bowyer 2016). This role is taken on by staff members once the individual is admitted to a mental health or eating disorder unit, and, as offered as a note of caution by Turnbull (2015), a process of transference may occur, whereby the association with eating and parental control may extend to the nurse, regardless of her or his good intentions. There was evidence of this as Jade resisted and reminded the attending staff member that ‘she isn’t a child’. Such a situation places the nurse in a position of dilemma whereby the autonomy of the service user is compromised by the duty of care to preserve health and life, i.e. an act of beneficence. As suggested by Treasure et al (2013), it is easy to perpetuate negative outcomes in attempting to promote recovery in a person with AN, e.g. coercive re-feeding may further augment food avoidance behaviour, and anxiety expressed by the professional may be mirrored by the service user; this is particularly problematic where the eating disorder represents a coping mechanism. Whilst Jade found the eating ritual difficult to bear, she responded well to therapeutic approaches which attended to her anxieties/emotional disturbances, especially where food was not part of the discussion. The desire to decide on what is best for oneself and to orchestrate one’s own recovery is, according to Colton and Pistrang (2008), key to sustained coping. By some contrast, a study by Westwood and Kendall (2014) suggests, at least in some cases, that on reflection, many young people reported resentment at first, but appreciation of the firm management of their treatment and condition later on. Where control may present as a problem in the individual’s case, the professional is left with a dichotomy to address. In the case of Jade, openness about the need to re-feed, whilst difficult at the outset, was met with some degree of understanding later on when she developed a different mind-set about her condition.

Alternatively, the author could continue by addressing other treatment issues such as family work, and a particular challenge could be that of engaging Jade and her family without appearing to take sides and reinforcing views about where blame may be located in the relationship (supported by relevant literature)

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Asch’s Conformity Study PowerPoint Presentation

Asch's Conformity Study
Asch’s Conformity Study

Asch’s Conformity Study PowerPoint Presentation

For this assignment, you will research the topic (Asch’s Conformity Study) thoroughly and create a PowerPoint presentation detailing what you learned.

Be sure to go beyond what is in the text and actually search for new research on the topic. You will also include photos or videos, such as YouTube links, in the presentation.

The reference book is Social Psychology Goals in Interaction. 4th Ed. By Kenrick, Neuberg and Cialdini.

No plagiarized work please as it will be inspected for any plagiarism.

Follow all the coursework regulations when writing this paper as a grading rubric will be used to grade.

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Mental Health Disorder Research Paper

Mental Health Disorder
Mental Health Disorder

Mental Health Disorder

Choose a mental health disorder from Chapter 14 of the Carlson text ( PARKINSON’S DISEASE) and discuss the physiological and psychological symptoms of the disorder. In your discussion, examine the cause of the disorder, the part of the brain involved, the behavioral effects of the disease, findings in research, effective treatments.

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