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Culture Research Paper Writing Service

Culture Research Paper Writing Service

Order Instructions:

Write a 12- to 20-page paper that addresses relevant theories and empirical research, leading to a significant research topic, problem, and research question . Approach your topic by providing an academic argument that would support a deeper understanding of the relationship between transaction cost and principal-agent theory and optimal managerial accounting systems design in a multinational enterprise setting. You do not have to actually design a study to the point of specifying research measures of effective multinational managerial accounting practices or specify samples, but try to evolve your thinking to the point of framing a relevant research topic, problem, and question on which your proposed research would be focused.

This question should be complete enough to suggest the development of an important theory, address a gap in a current model, or demonstrate an immediate application for solving common organizational problems. Rather than attempting to include as many references as possible, try to emphasize the logical coherence of your evidence of conceptual foundations. Build an academic argument for why your research problem and question are important. An obvious extension of your paper would be to use it as a springboard for a doctoral proposal. Your paper could also be useful for potential use in the development of Chapter 2 of your Proposal and Doctoral Study Completion.

Your Final Paper should adhere to APA format (6th edition), which requires a title page, a reference list, and appropriate sections and their headings; and include the following elements:
•A thorough review of the literature (minimum of 20 resources) that shows evidence of a potential research opportunity/gap that has not been discussed in the academic literature.
•A draft problem statement.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

Culture can be defined in relation to accounting procedures as the communal encoding of mind which differentiates a group of people from another. Culture puts into consideration factors such as the groups beliefs, morals, their background knowledge, the groups laws and customs, and any other abilities and habits that individuals from that particular society posses. Some of these cultural elements have been known to have a great influence on the labor circumstances of many organizations and business institutions. Accounting procedures are structured set of handbook and programmed accounting techniques, systems and control methods that are introduced to collect, record, analyze, and present financial information to guide in decision making processes. Several theories have been used to illustrate the relationship and interconnections between cultural values and accounting procedures. The theories can be categorized into two large groups which are economical and sociological approaches. Economical theories includes; principle agent theory, transaction cost theory and managerial accounting system design approach. Accounting systems may include; internal and external tax accounting and expense accounting procedures. Cultural behaviors have influenced the operations of businesses globally.

Problem Statement

Cultural values have not been completely embraced by many organizations in their financial and accounting systems. Business organizations need to incorporate important cultural values that will influence accounting procedures positively. Professionalism of individuals needs to be given priority when it comes to making decisions. Organizations have to create room for independent expert judgments by individuals with enough knowledge on the subject matter. Their decision must be respected as long as they adhere to the set legislations that govern accounting procedures and at the same time the judgments they make should promote fairness to all workers ( Gregg, 2005). Cultural knowledge need to be used more in businesses since it provides valuable cultural information that can influence the making and implementation of more informed decisions.

Businesses will need to employ accounting secrecy and transparency to limit the disclosure of valuable financial information to competitors. Professional individuals must therefore create assurance for the security of any important financial information that may be used by competitors to their advantage. At the same time, transparency and accountability need to be practiced in the accounting and financing systems to avoid cases of a business losing money for individual gains. Certain cultural beliefs and some set code of ethics promote transparency since they prohibit individuals from certain societal backgrounds from activities that may discredit them in providing financial results that lack accountability (Rand, 2006). Therefore, organizations need to employ workers with cultural values that promote accountability and transparency in the financial systems. There is need for all businesses to ensure transparency and accountability in all its departments which can be achieved more efficiently by embracing set societal beliefs and morals. Both the managers and stakeholder should be in the forefront to in making sure that transparency and accountability is observed among all workers. They should be the role models to all other employees.

Organizations also need to employ conservatism which is one of the most ancient ways of valuing accounting procedures. The concept can be associated with uncertainty- avoidance aspect which tries to avoid the uncertain outcomes in the future. Conservative measures need to be taken that will help in the adapting of careful measures that will deal with uncertain results happening in the future. A company that values its cultural conservatism highly is in most cases able to predict future outcomes thus avoiding occurrence of uncertain events in the future. An organization may opt for a lesser conservative theory to achieve consistency with short- term goals since the expected results are attained within their estimated time. Furthermore, this approach is more optimistic when adopted where the organization is trying to conserve its resources and investing these resources to achieve their long- term goals (Newing, 1995). This is clearly shown when determining the total value of the business. In addition, the approach has tried to outline how various cultural values such as good behavior and customs can be used within an organization to facilitate good accounting and financial systems.

Effect of cultural values and societal rule on accounting procedures

Written laws which can include societal rules need to be incorporated in the structural working of organizations to achieve uniformity in accounting and financial systems. Individualism is an aspect where culture has influenced both accounting and financial systems greatly, since it motivates individual performance towards realization of goals of an organization. Further, this aspect has increased individual contribution towards the teams that runs various departments (Khan, 2002). Furthermore, an organization that chooses a more uniform financial and accounting theory, it is associated greatly with avoiding incidences of uncertainty. This has resulted to a lot of concern in matters pertaining laws and regulations which have forced these bodies to come up with strict code of ethics that monitors accounting and financial systems in any business organization. These codes of ethics should go hand in hand with cultural morals that must be adhered to by all individuals. The organization also has role of ensuring that all set regulations of the firm must be followed to the letter without favors. For any business to be successful in the future consideration of individualism must be given more weight and priority since personnel’s with high cultural values will be more committed towards working with the sets regulations (Becker, 1991).

Economic theories of organizations control, makes the assumption that the firm is a lawful body that is composed of the manufacturing procedures whose information is accessible by other organizations. Executives are responsible for choosing a certain manufacturing process and provide a suitable environment for maximization of the present and the future revenues. In addition, it is also the responsibility of the managers and stakeholders to offer all required material and financial resources and also equip employees with required skills by offering training courses (Anthony, 2001). Economic theories that have been discussed to help managers in business operations include; the principle agent theory, the transaction cost theory and the management accounting system design. The three theories all focuses on profit maximization where executives, workers, stakeholders and accounting controllers works together to achieve the organizations common goal of increasing the firms total output. Economic theories should always try to adapt to mechanisms that describes the organization. On the other hand, non- economic approaches need to work towards filling the existing gap and expound on the firms’ knowledge behavior (Mullins, 2002).

There has been concern on whether principal agent theory helps in understanding the concept of profit maximization by the management. The approach refers to a point where the owners of the business are interested in capitalizing on profit or are concerned in functions that add value to their enterprise. The theory is also referred to as principle agent problem, since senior staffs may exploit subordinate staffs by for instance, installing financial programs that these junior staffs do not have skills to operate. On the other hand, managers, concentrates on exploiting the available resources that include their salary and money to maximize on profit which is the main functions of their business (Warren, 2005). As managers tries to maximize on profits, it results to an argument of concern on how managers should be controlled in the way they should run their commerce and at the same time do their best to capitalize on  the state of ownership. For example, managers must consult investors on a certain decision before implementing so as to get the approval of the stakeholders. This facilitates effective decision making and implementation, since there thorough research on matters of concern and enough consultation is conducted before making a conclusive and final decision ( Harrison, 2004).

Despite managerial power system in relation to organizational activities not encouraging executives to express their open behavior, stakeholder do not have much information on managers day to day activities and the available information on profits. Ownership can therefore not force the management to work towards achieving the companies’ objectives by just highlighting the objective purpose. The solution to this is to design an efficient scheme that aligns the objectives of the stakeholder and those of the management (Whiting, 1986). The scheme will tend to carry more weight on the objectives of the managers in comparison to those of the stakeholders. On the contrary, despite the approach trying to close on the gap within organizations, it faces a problem in that executive tend to utilize their power to enforce rules that may oppress the subordinates. For instance, the manager may authorize the purchase of an expensive machine for production to favor the seller while on the other hand; the manager is oppressing the subordinates who do not understand how to operate the machines. It can be seen that the theory helps managers to maximize on profits as the management is given freedom to exploit resources at their disposal without stakeholders’ interruption. Further, the manager is given the mandate to set the rules and goals of an organization in order to maximize on profits (Bryan, 1999).

Effect of social cultural factors on profit maximization

Social cultural factors also influence the extent to which are managers able to maximize on profits from signing the right contracts which are cheaper compared to their market price. According to the transaction cost theory, a firms’ existence is validated by the ability of the entrepreneur to agree on contracts at lower price than the market price which can be negotiated.  The number of contracts that can be negotiated within the firm is always less than the number outside. The contract should only state the power limits of the entrepreneurs and the details of the contract should only be defined after the two parties have agreed on all matters. Due to this, there is a possibility of the firm emerging in cases where short term agreements are not satisfactory. Further, the approach would be seen as the expense incurred while trying to cater for goods by purchasing from the market instead of the organization providing from within. In addition, many organization tend to provide for their needs from within which allows the organization to save more on production cost, thus maximizing on the total income generated (Laffont, 2002).

According to this theory, the control of an organization is related to the control that the firm has over the marketing expenses. In addition, the theory claims that issues relating to organizations details play a vital role in defining the firms’ nature which is determined by the optimal production of available workers which is most likely promoted by the already existing inputs within the firm (Gebert, 2014). In fact, resources with lesser value are priced at a lower cost since they can only generate products with lesser value, whereas, resources of high value are priced at a higher cost due to the high profit incomes that they generate. The approach faces a problem where, before managers undertake any transaction in the market, they have to know who are the willing seller/ buyer in order to initiate a bargain to get into contract and to conduct an inspection required to ascertain the validity o the contract. The long processes involved in acquiring of industrial goods and services delays production by an organization since a lot of time is consumed/ lost between the time of identifying the needed resource and the time of acquiring the good. In addition, time may be also lost as the managers tries to fulfill legal procedures that are required for acquisition and installation of equipment (Flamholtz, 1996).

According to the theory, it can be seen that market prices determines the interactions between organizations. Furthermore, managers are responsible for making and implementing business set rules. For example, when a manager wants to purchase a machine that will be used in production department, he first of all consults an expert, then finds a willing seller, bargains, signs contract and finally makes the purchase (Chandler, 1992). The approach involves three types of costs which are, “search and information cost “,”bargain and decision costs” and “policing and enforcement cost”. Without taking into consideration the transaction cost, managers will not understand well how the economic system work therefore making it hard to implement economic policies. The theory proves that managers are able to strike the right deals when they agree contracts before going to the market to strike at a market price.

Effect of team work and organization culture on profit maximization

In the current business world, most organizations are using accounting and financial data in making critical decisions which in most cases is provided by management agents and controllers. The only question in this is whether the agents and the controllers have different perceptions with the managers on variable designs and the output quality (Chenhall, 2003). Therefore, there is a need for the integration of the accounting controllers and the management involved in the decision making which would result in a consistent accounting language which benefits both the manager and the controllers.

The controllers do not seem to understand how vital their work relies on business success since they provide intangible and harmonizing information to the management. Therefore there exists a gap between the accounting controllers and the executives concerning on how to put into use the financial information. By providing information that promotes the growth of the organization, they improve their position as business consultants thus gaining highly influential positions within the enterprise. On the other hand, managers must be transparent on the type of details they require and use while the controllers should not see themselves as specialists but instead be just like any other employee with the aim of realizing the organizations set targets (Sautet, 2000). Further, when both mangers and controllers agree to examine the policy that runs the business together, they tend to understand the matters concerning the social- economic factors m, thus leading to faster goal achievement of the organization within a short time. In addition, managerial designs have assisted managers in maximizing on profits as decisions made by the two parties, when they work as a team, are implemented as agreed. When both the managers and the accounting controllers work together, it can be seen from the approach that there is quick goal achievement and higher profit maximization.

The above three discussed approaches do interrelate as all are aimed at realizing the long term profit maximization of the firm. First, Principal Agent theory illustrate on a scheme that is aimed at having the management and the stakeholders aligning their objectives so as make and implement efficient decisions that will enhance overall productivity.  Though the senior staffs have a higher hand of determining the best course since they understand better the business environment, they still need to consult the investors. The transaction cost theory explains on how managers need to give priority to contracts that can be implemented at lower costs than the market price. The management there focuses on resources that can be acquired at a cheaper cost but at the end yield more products which can generate more incomes. Lastly, the managerial accounting system design like the other two approaches focuses on making decisions that are aimed at maximizing the firms’ profits (Radebaugh, 2005). The theory tries to integrate the company’s management with the accounting controllers so as to enhance the making of more informed decisions that would increase the firms’ total revenue. The three theories therefore summarize the role of different firm organs and departments in the realization of the goals of an organization which are to increase the total income revenue.

Sociological theories of organizational control are approaches that try to describe managerial behavior by stressing on main affinity of teams. Sociologists do not concentrate more on understanding individuals’ psychology and how they interact with others but emphasize more on group interactions. According to the theory, managerial control is executed by set laws, policies and the chain of command (Klewes, 2008). Further, the sociological approach has been described using several other theories that include; functionalism, general system theory approach, contingency theory and theory of bureaucracy.

The theory of functionalism is based on the hypothesis that the social world has a strong, genuine continuation, and an orderly trait oriented to come up with a structured and maintained state affairs. The theory has been applied in social sciences and how they relate to the business world.  According to the approach, the organization can be approached in two dimensions; from an internal view and an external perspective. The internal view distinguishes the managerial, the technical and the institutional level. The managerial section takes part in the administration section of the organization (Chenhall, 1990). The technical level focuses on the activities involving practical work. The institutional part has to make sure that the objectives of the company are at par with the social goals.

The second approach is the General system theory approach studies an organization as a program of parts interconnected to each other but each specialized to perform a specific task towards achieving the goals of the organization. Further, the theory explains the common principles and regulations that an organization operates under. The principles must be in agreement with the cultural norms of the involved communal groups. In addition to this, environmental laws must also be adhered to regardless of the firms’ laws and regulations. The cultural values of the society will therefore play a bigger role on the organization during its making of financial and accounting decisions (Bryan, 1999).

Another approach that is used by sociologists is the contingency theory which argues that, individuals cannot be expected to just follow set gestures unless they can respond to own worth and interest. The theory therefore recognizes enabling factors that facilitates capacity building within the firm. Capacity building in an organization can be limited by business environmental factors which always need to be addressed so as to enhance business productivity.  Organizations variables have to match with environmental traits so as to ensure an excellent working condition (Klewes, 2008). In addition, the approach also shows that the most successful firms are connected with administrative practices which best matches environmental circumstances with the techniques used for production.

The last approach is the theory of bureaucracy which is based on the official area of jurisdiction, the hierarchy of command, written agreement, training of the office management, the capacity of the employees and lastly the general rules by the management. In addition, the theory emphasizes on the rule of law which focuses on all formal structures of the firm. All employees have equal rights as does the consumers. All customers have to be provided with equal services regardless of their cultural beliefs, morals and the principles that monitor and maintain their behaviors (Radebaugh, 2005).

In conclusion, the impact of cultural values on accounting procedures can be seen clearly in the context. Various theories that include; principle agent theory, transaction cost theory and managerial accounting system design approach have all tried to explain the success of organizations based on how managers makes and implements decisions. Further, sociological theories, such as, functionalism, general system theory approach, contingency theory and theory of bureaucracy have also been used by scholars to explain how cultural values influences financial systems in a business. Cultural values that influences these accounting procedures includes; cultural beliefs, morals, individual habits and the customs of the groups. The above approaches have successfully been able to solve the gap that exists in many business organizations.  Further, the study explains more on cultural behaviors which includes; professionalism, secrecy and transparency, conservatism and individualism. These concepts illustrates how cultural values affects the accounting systems and designs

References

Gregg, G. S (2005). The Middle East. A cultural psychology. Oxford; Oxford University Press

Radebaugh, L. H., & Gray, S. J. (1997). International accounting and multinational

                enterprises. New York; John Wiley & sons.

Khan, A., & Hildreth, W. B. (2002). Burdget theory in the public sector. Westport,

Conn: Quuorum Books.

Becker, R., & burmeister, E. (1991). Growth theory. Aldershot, Hants, England; E. Elgar.

McChail, K (2013). Accounting ethics

Rand, S, Kouris, H, & Apex Art ( Galley) (2006). On cultural influence Collection papers

                 fro Apexart international conferences 1999-2006. New York Apexart

Laffont, J-J, & Martimort, D. (2002). The theory of incentives: The principal- agent

model. Princenton, N. J: Princenton University Press

Chandler AD Jr (1992). Strategy and structure: Chapters in the history of the

American industrial enterprise. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA

Anthony, R. N., & Govindarajan, V. (2001). Management control systems. Boston

Marchant, K. A., (2012). Management control systems; Performance measurement,

                evaluation and incentives. Harlow, England

Chenhall R. (1990). Financial and accounting systems .Boston, MA; Auerbach

Gebert, K. (2014). Performance control in buyer- supplier- relationship; the design and use

                 of  formal management control systems. Wiesbaden; Springer Gabler.

Newing, R, & Ring, T. (1995). Financial and accounting systems. Chorleywood;

Prime marketing.

Harrison, W. T, & Horngen, C. T. (2004). Financial accounting. Upper Saddle River,

N J; Prentice Hall.

Chenhall, R.H,. (2003). Management control system design within its organizational context:

Warren, C. S, & Fess, P. E. (2005). Financial accounting. Mason, Ohio; Thomson/

South- Western.

Whiting, E. (1986). A guide to business performance measurement. London ; Macmillan.

Flamholtz, E. G. (1996). Effective organizational control. A framework, applications, and

implications.

Sautet, Fa. E. (2000). An entrepreneurial theory of the firm. London; Routledge

Mullins, L. J. (2002). Management and organizational behavior. Harlow; Financial

Times Prentice Hall.

Bryan, L. L. (1999). Race for the world. Strategies to build a greater global firm. Boston,

Mass; Harvard Business School Press.

Klewes, J., & Langen, R. (2008). Beyond organizational transformation. Berlin; Springer

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The Research Methods for International Business

The Research Methods for International Business Order Instructions: Subject: Research Methods for International Business

The Research Methods for International Business
The Research Methods for International Business

Write a LITERATURE REVIEW on a topic related to International Business.
Topic: Gender and diversity in the workplace

It should be a review of AT LEAST SIX recent academic papers/ books etc. related to some aspect of the topic. Books should be published by a reputable publisher and papers should be published in scholarly journals. Newspaper or magazine articles, papers that are only available on the internet, or extracts from textbooks do not count. You should also consult the original references rather than reporting other authors’ reports of them.

The work reviewed should all address a common research topic and should not include unrelated references that just happen to have the same key words in the title. It is permissible to focus the review on one particular aspect of the topic rather than several different themes. Indeed it is probably better to focus the review in this way, rather than trying to cover a too broad area.

Credit will be given for following the ‘principles’ of a good review as explained in particular:
?????
? How well the review engages with the whole of the topic. For example, if the topic is ‘Leadership and Motivation in the Workplace’ then a review that just considers leadership traits would not receive a good mark.
? The coherence of the review in terms of relating the cited papers etc. to each other instead of simply summarizing each one of them separately. Marks will be deducted if the review relies too heavily on one source.
? The quality of the papers etc. reviewed – i.e. have you reviewed the most important papers on the topic?
? The completeness of the bibliography and the consistency of the referencing (using the Harvard system).

!IMPORTANT! points to consider:
A literature review is a survey of publications (books, journals) reporting work that has already been done on the topic. It should only include studies that have direct relevance to your research.
A literature review should be written like an essay in a discursive style, with an introduction, main discussion grouped in themes and a conclusion.
ONE hypothesis should be proposed in the essay.

The Research Methods for International Business Sample Answer

Introduction

Employees from diverse backgrounds are known to bring different experiences and talents into play within an organization (Aronson, pp. 45. 2002). In this case, it would be effective to point out that a diverse workforce knits several experiences, skills, cultural understandings and languages within the functions of an organization, a factor that enables companies to operate on global contexts in providing consumer’s diverse needs and improving the success of the organizations competitiveness.

On the other hand, the element of gender calls for equality within a work environment that calls for the combined efforts that ensure equal participation and shared responsibilities that involve the both sexes in the processes of decision making and the implementation of workplace policies that are directed towards the maximization of an organizations process. The primary purpose of this paper is to conduct a literature review on gender and diversity within a work environment.

Research Hypotheses

  1. Organizations that are developed in consideration of diversity and gender parity are more likely to be effective in the growth and improvement of their functions as compared to those that fail to take cognizance of the elements of diversity and gender.

Literature Review

Diversity is considered as a broader term that described different elements of differences between workers. The differences between work members within an organization is considered as an essential element that would result in workers understanding themselves and respecting each other views and gifting. Aronson (2002) alleges that when workers within an organization have different values and beliefs are likely to face conflicts within a work environment if the aspect of diversity is not cultivated within the functions of an organization (pp. 46).

Empirically, different literatures have determined the fact that diversity within the work environment has had a dual implication to the effectiveness of different organizations. According to Murphy, & Collins (2015), the element of work place diversity may be viewed as a double-edged sword since it has the capacity to increase the workers capacity to engage in creative activities within the work environment (pp. 216). This author consequently opines that diversity is linked and interrelated with great innovation that improves the strategic decisions that are made in improving the performance of organizations.

In order to achieve the fruits of diversity within the work environment, there is a need to develop a genuine sense of inclusivity within the work environment. Many multinational organizations consequently employ diversity management within their organizations in changing the management philosophies within their company (Kim, Lee, & Kim, pp. 259. 2015). This means that managers need to ensure that the differences among the employees in order to put appropriate measures in understanding their areas of gifting and potential, an aspect that improves the productivity of an organization.

Diversity within an organization ensures that the employees are offered equal platforms to compete within teams. This therefore mitigates the element of workplace discrimination on the employees (Kim, et.al.2015). Additionally, diversity within a work environment inspires the aspect of creativity within the workforce considering the fact that diverse employees have different perspectives and understanding of different issues within an organization. Offering this population opportunities and platforms within the organization encourages these employees to share information on factors that would enhance the performance of the work environment.

Diversity within an organization also has the capacity to encourage the employees to employ critical thinking that takes different perspectives in analyzing different information, with this helping the managers in arriving at better decisions (Theodorakopoulos, & Budhwar, pp 179, 2015). The encouragement of employees from diverse backgrounds to participate in the functions of any organization increases the competitiveness of an organization. Diversity in this case also improves the decision making process, a factor that enhances the manner in which problems are solved within an organization.

This consequently enables the employees within their teams to engage in innovative and creative activities, which enhances the development of products and leads to successful approaches of marketing these products to diverse customers as well. On the other hand, the author mentions that diversity management has the capacity to send a positive message to the market and the public that a company incorporates the proponents of social responsibility aimed at providing equal platforms to every worker (Lerner, & Skizas, pp.24, 2015). Equality in this case remains a legal, public and societal issue that need to be put into consideration by companies that need to succeed in the market. Organizations that apply diversity management within their functions establish and develop a positive image in the labour market.

It is additionally essential to consider the views of Charpentier (2013), who purports that diversity also has some disadvantages that need to be considered by organization. An instance of this can be depicted in the case where organizations increase their diversity, a factor that would require trainings to be incorporated for the employees, managers and the supervisors (pp.12). These mandatory trainings may be viewed as forcing the employees to accept the element of diversity irrespective of their personal experiences. Managers may therefore have pressures in recruiting employees from diverse backgrounds considering the difficulties in dealing with such diverse groups and accommodating their religion, cultures, origin, and genders within the work environment.

Gender is also another element that organizations need to consider within their functions. According to Opstrup, & Villadsen, (2015), gender within a workplace calls for a combined effort developed with the aim of sharing equal opportunities, responsibilities and participation between all the sexes within an organization. Gender inequality within the work environments remains one of the challenges that organizations have faced. This element involves the perception that defines what men and women can handle within an organization, a factor that has resulted into issues within the workforce (pp. 291). Women have always been treated as lower to their male counterparts in terms of production and income, a factor that amounts to latent prejudices that are related to sexuality.

Bukhari & Sharma (2014) alleges that company’s need to adhere to relevant legislative measures through offering equal opportunities to both genders within the work environment. This is in consideration of the fact that the industry is competing for human talent, which is not defined in the lenses of gender but in accordance to productivity, skills, and education within the work environment (pp. 551). The talents and experiences of employees consequently remains the pillar that needs to be considered within organizations. Companies therefore need to ensure that appropriate measures are incorporated in ensuring that women are included within the functions of an organization and are provided equal work opportunities as compared to their male counterparts without discrimination.

The Research Methods for International Business Conclusion

As determined Organizations that are developed in consideration of diversity and gender parity are more likely to be effective in the growth and improvement of their functions as compared to those that fail to take cognizance of the elements of diversity and gender. Through these literatures, diversity has considerable benefits within a work environment even in as much as there are some challenges that workers need to adapt to. These challenges would include cultural and language barriers, prejudices that are brought by the employees within the work environment.

It is essential to consequently mention that organizations need to overcome these challenges in order to increase their competitiveness. It is essential to also consider that some employees are likely to repeal to the changes that are wrought by the changing nature of the work environment as a result of diversity. This therefore requires an effective diversity management approach that meets the needs of such employees within the work place.

On the other hand, gender is also another element that organizations need to consider within their functions. The findings of this literature review have disclosed that gender inequality within the work environments remains one of the challenges that organizations have faced. This element involves the perception that defines what men and women can handle within an organization, a factor that has resulted into issues within the workforce.

It is therefore essential for organizations to manage the aspect of gender by minimizing the differences that stand between men and women by providing equitable chances and opportunities for these genders. Equal opportunities should allow women to also work at the same levels and engage in different functions within the work place as their male counterparts. The modern industry is in search for human talent, which is not based on the lenses of gender but in accordance to productivity, skills, and education within the work environment. The talents and experiences of employees consequently remains the pillar that needs to be considered within organizations.

The Research Methods for International Business References

Aronson, D. (2002). Managing the diversity revolution: Best practices for 21stcentury business. Civil Rights Journal, 6, 46-66. Retrieved from http://www.slac.stanford.edu/cgi-wrap/getdoc/slac-pub-12499.pdf.

Bukhari, S. S., & Sharma, B. C. (2014). Workplace Gender Diversity & Inclusive Growth in Public & Private Organizations. Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(3), 551-563.

Charpentier, Will. (2013). The Disadvantages of diversity in the Workplace. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/list_5842666_disadvantages-diversity-workplace.html

Kim, H. K., Lee, U. H., & Kim, Y. H. (2015). The effect of workplace diversity management in a highly male-dominated culture. Career Development International, 20(3), 259-272. doi:10.1108/CDI-06-2014-0082

Lerner, D., & Skizas, C. O. (2015). Where Women Are on Board: Perspectives from Gender Diverse U.S. Boardrooms. Corporate Governance Advisor, 23(5), 23-26.

Murphy, A. J., & Collins, J. M. (2015). The Relevance Of Diversity In The Job Attribute Preferences Of College Students. College Student Journal, 49(2), 199-216.

Opstrup, N., & Villadsen, A. R. (2015). The Right Mix? Gender Diversity in Top Management Teams and Financial Performance. Public Administration Review, 75(2), 291-301. doi:10.1111/puar.12310

Theodorakopoulos, N., & Budhwar, P. (2015). Guest Editors’ Introduction: Diversity and Inclusion in Different Work Settings: Emerging Patterns, Challenges, and Research Agenda. Human Resource Management, 54(2), 177-197. doi:10.1002/hrm.21715

Causes of vulnerability to abuse and harm Assignment

Causes of vulnerability to abuse
Causes of vulnerability to abuse

Causes of vulnerability to abuse

Causes of vulnerability to abuse

Order Instructions:
If is possible please to do for sunday.

1. Explain why particular individuals and groups may be more vulnerable to abuse and harm self and others . — (900 words )
2. Review risk factors which may lead you to incidents of abuse and harm self and others. (900 words)

SAMPLE ANSWER

Causes of vulnerability to abuse and harm

Self harm is a complex issue not only in its definition but also in relation to the insufficiency of data available with regards to the patterns and frequency of this subject across the globe. It is important to not that there is no “universal definition” of self harm. Moreover, diverse views have been raised concerning the causes and risk factors among individuals that harm themselves or others.

According to the study conducted by Hawton et al, it was determined that some people may harm themselves or others as a means of communicating their distress to the general public (Hawton et al, 2012). This disorder can also be an act of rebellion and the attempt to individualize oneself, a manner of relieving intense anxiety temporarily, a way to regulate pain, an effort to manage emotional numbness, or more still an effort to manipulate other people. Individuals who harm themselves or/and others may develop an immediate sense of relief by partaking in it. However, it is worth noting that this feeling is a temporary solution the feelings that were distressing them initially will end up recurring once more. This paper seeks to find out why some individuals are more vulnerable to abuse and harm self and others as well as the associated risk factors to this type of behavior.

Just like all other mental disorders, there is no single factor that predisposes a person to engage in self harm. In general, self harm results due to inability of a person to properly manage psychological pain in a manner that is healthy. Often, individuals who engage in this form of unhealthy conduct find it difficult to regulate, express, or understand their emotions.  The factors that make individuals to be prone to abuse and harm self or others can be classified as follows;

Social factors

These are ranked as the commonest cause of abuse and harm due to the emotional distress that they arouse in people. Social factors that have been pointed predispose individuals to harm include;

  • Having difficult relationships especially with friends and partners
  • Difficulties at work such as demotions, unfair treatment by senior workers and layoffs can also make people to be prone to harm and abuse.
  • Bullying: This can be at home by older siblings, relatives, or neighbors. It can also be exercised in school or at work. An example of harm to others that was due to bullying is the recent case that was all over the news whereby an American student went to school with a gun and started shooting fellow students randomly (Fisher et al, 2012).
  • Poverty, whereby a person has several responsibilities such as paying house rent, paying for children school fees, and providing the basic needs for his/her family. This is common among adults who end up being depressed and may subject their depression on their children by beating them up over petty reasons or even without any reason at all.
  • Drug and substance abuse: Individuals prone to alcohol and substance abuse disorders tend to be aggressive and are more likely to make claims of having suicidal thoughts or even previous suicidal attempts. In a recent study by Daine et al (2013) of about 6500 adults who enrolled in addiction treatments it was proven that individuals who had engaged in serious acts of violence such as murder, rape, and assault leading to serious injury were more than twice likely to report several suicidal attempts.
  • Sexuality- Persons who come to terms with their sexual orientation such as being bisexual or gay may be a danger to themselves.
  • Cultural expectations can promote vulnerability of harm to self. A good example is that of arranged marriages whereby ladies are often forced into marriages against their will or worse even at a tender age.
  • Trauma can also enhance vulnerability of this disorder. Some causes of trauma include; physical or emotional, sexual abuse such as rape or domestic abuse. The death of a close family member or a close friend and having a miscarriage are also common predisposing factors.

Emotional Distress

Emotions have also been linked abuse and harm vulnerability. An unhappy situation or the distress from a traumatic experience can result in feelings of self hatred or low self esteem. These emotions gradually build up and it becomes difficult for people to seek help. Therefore, self harm or harming others may be a means of releasing these pent-up feelings. They also indulge in this behavior as a way of coping with their problems.

People that are more prone to harm themselves and others may be having difficulties in regulating or managing their emotions (Figley et al, 2013). Therefore, they use self harm as a means of managing the anger and tension. Further research also reported that such individuals are poorer in solving problems.

 Psychological Causes

These also increase the tendency of people to take part in abuse and harm. For example;

  • People may be having repeated thoughts about harming themselves and they feel like doing it,
  • Self harm can also be linked to borderline personality disorder- a disorder that causes instability in a manner that one thinks, behaves, or feels,
  • Dissociation or loss of touch with oneself- self harm occurs without realizing it,

Organic reasons have also been associated with aggressive outbursts. Take an example whereby a person has damage to his/her frontal lobe or certain forms of epilepsy. In such circumstances, it is difficult to pin-point comprehensible argument for the expression of aggressive episodes.

  1. Risk Factors for Harming Self and Others

The risk factors of self harm and others are not static. Their value of prediction keeps changing depending on period they occur in a person’s development, social contexts, and the circumstances that one faces. They can be found in an individual, the surroundings, or the individual’s ability to react to the requirements or demands of the environment. Some factors start manifesting as early as childhood while others do not appear at all until adolescence period or adulthood.  Some risk factors entail the family, the school, the neighborhood, or the peer group. Risk factors will be classified as follows for clarity.

Depression and mental illness

This is one of the most obvious risk factors for indulging in harm to self and others. According to the research conducted by Andover et al, it was proven that mental and addictive disorders result in almost 90% of the suicidal cases reported (Andover et al, 2012). At least one in every twenty youths suffers from mental disorders that are severe enough to impair judgment. However, the sad news is that less than 20% of these individuals receive treatment. Most of those who harm themselves suffer from depression.

School risk Factors

Individuals who view their instructors as not understanding or caring or do not coexist peacefully with their peers have vulnerability of harming others or themselves. They may be associated with the following features;

  • Past suspension or expulsion for violent behavior
  • Social isolation, aggressiveness in grade K-3 or hyperactivity
  • Misbehaving in class, truancy, or being involved frequently in fights
  • Severe disciplinary issues
  • Anger or frustration when handling school artwork or essays
  • A student that has previously brought a weapon at school
  • Academic failure when joining school
  • Academic pressure from parents and guardians.

Community risk factors

Persons that are highly exposed to community violence are at severe risk of engaging in self-destructive behavior. This usually arises when one shapes his/her conduct after what they have learned and experienced in the community. Moreover, some youth who grow up without having meaningful connections with responsible adults lack the necessary guidance that they should acquire so that they may cope with their daily lives (Moran, et al, 2012). Other community risk factors include;

  • Severe economic deprivation
  • Easy accessibility to guns, weapons, and other dangerous equipments
  • Poor community organization and low attachment in the neighborhood
  • Few recreational activities for people in the community especially the youth
  • Individuals who have engaged previously in vandalism and destruction of property

Personal Risk Factors

  • Persons who have been involved in violent behavior previously
  • History of being bullied by friends, classmates, or relatives
  • History of uncontrolled angry outbursts and tantrums
  • Individuals who have previously bullied their peers and younger youths
  • Aggression to animals
  • Alcohol and substance abuse
  • Previous attempts of suicide
  • Fire- setting
  • Persons that result in calling of names and cursing when they are mad
  • Recent experience of loss, humiliation, or rejection
  • Cult or gangs involvement
  • Unstructured time
  • Preoccupation with explosives and other weapons
  • Does not own up and blames others for problems they are responsible for
  • Often having mood swings and significant depression

Family Risk Factors

  • History of possession of a weapon and use by a family member
  • History of being punished frequently
  • Previous family violence
  • Inconsistent or severe punishment
  • Lack of support or proper supervision from parents and guardians
  • Youth has a past history of abuse by a family member
  • Individuals who grew up without clear expectations or standards of behavior being imposed on them by their care givers.

Cultural Risk Factors

Conformity issues and assimilation, variations in expectations and gender roles feelings of victimization and isolation can all increase the levels of stress and vulnerability of people. In addition, some cultures especially the Pacific and Asian cultures view self harm particularly suicide as a rational reaction to shame.

Situational Crises

Daine et al argues that about 30% of individuals’ cases of abuse and harm to self and others are linked to an identifiable precipitating occurrence such as loss of a valued relationship, divorce of parents, the passing away of loved one, or sexual abuse. Normally, all these events coincide with other risk factors (Daine et al, 2013).

Conclusion

Some individuals view self injury engagement as a means of coping with their emotions. However, the troubles they are running away from will still be present even after their self-mutilation. Moreover, the relief that these individuals feel after involving themselves in self harm or abuse of others is usually short term.

Some of the interventions that can be used include interpersonal treatments, therapies of problem-solving, and use of “emergency card” mode of interventions (Rossouw and  Fonagy, 2012). Other treatment forms that have proved to be essential include dialectical conduct therapy which is administered often among individuals who self-harm themselves and/or others from time to time.

The burden associated with injury to self and others is often a heavy one, especially because people who engage in this behavior do it in private where they hide their secret from their loved ones and friends. They create a burden that is extremely hard to carry. This may result in more severe self injury to escape the feelings. Therefore, proper platforms should be established whereby such people can be access easily for counseling and support.

References

Andover, M. S., Morris, B. W., Wren, A., & Bruzzese, M. E. (2012). The co-occurrence of non-suicidal self-injury and attempted suicide among adolescents: distinguishing risk factors and psychosocial correlates. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 6(11), 1-7.

Daine, K., Hawton, K., Singaravelu, V., Stewart, A., Simkin, S., & Montgomery, P. (2013). The power of the web: a systematic review of studies of the influence of the internet on self-harm and suicide in young people. PloS one, 8(10), e77555.

Figley, C., Huggard, P., & Rees, C. (2013). First do no self harm: understanding and promoting physician stress resilience. Oxford University Press.

Fisher, H. L., Moffitt, T. E., Houts, R. M., Belsky, D. W., Arseneault, L., & Caspi, A. (2012). Bullying victimisation and risk of self harm in early adolescence: longitudinal cohort study. bmj, 344, e2683.

Hawton, K., Saunders, K. E., & O’Connor, R. C. (2012). Self-harm and suicide in adolescents. The Lancet, 379(9834), 2373-2382.

Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. C. (2012). The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: a population-based cohort study. The Lancet, 379(9812), 236-243.

Rossouw, T. I., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Mentalization-based treatment for self-harm in adolescents: a randomized controlledtrial. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(12), 1304-1313.

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Management journal Assignment Paper

Management journal
Management journal

Management journal

Management journal

Order Instructions:

Basically, you will need to read 10-12 pages and answer the questions below in an essay form please.

1- Statement of the issue – one or two sentences.
2- Review of the authors arguments – one or two paragraphs stating at least three major points made by each author.
3- Comparison of arguments – at least one paragraph contrasting what each author had to say.
4 – Your opinion – at least one paragraph explaining either
a) why you agree with one of another, or
b)why you disagree with all the authors.
5- Discussion Question – an open ended question that you derive from the readings.

This is the textbook name just in case you need to know or if you want to quote anything. “The Enduring Debate (Norton, 2014)

SAMPLE ANSWER

Statement of the Issue

According to the authors in these literatures, the central theme that stands out is the evolution of the media industry. The authors therefore address some of the areas that have been impacted by the advent of internet.

Review of the Authors Arguments

The first author takes a look at the element of future political journalism in which he describes the manner in which people primarily depended in the newspapers and the broadcast television networks as their sources of information(Norton, 2014). Cable news therefore emerged in providing an alternative to the already existing forms of media. However, the rise of the internet in the 1990s resulted in a dramatic change in communication technology, a factor that has seen the social media networks receive much attention in the presentation of opinions. The changes in communication and technology have therefore wrought different changes in political practices and the manner in which people learn about the government.

Paul Star in the next article articulates the manner in which newspapers are taken for granted. The newspapers according to him remain the center of American politics, culture and business. This author therefore denotes that through newspapers, people are in a position to determine the welfare of the state and determine several elements within the civil society(Norton, 2014). However, the advent of the internet has changed the manner in which information is dispensed within the society. This therefore points out to the fact that there has been a decline on the newspapers that has been superseded by the growth of the internet as a source of information with this impacting how people receive information.

On the other hand, James Fellow through his literature points out on the effective approaches directed towards saving the news. It is essential to note that this author alleges that the news business is being killed considering the fact that Google is fighting to bring this back to life(Norton, 2014). Googles power in this case is viewed as the creator or the destroyer of the newspaper industry. One of the things that stand out for this author is in the number of newspaper subscriptions that are made in each and every household that is quickly falling, a factor that is ascribed to the founding of different communication technologies.

Comparison of Arguments

It is essential to consider the fact that all of these authors argue their cases out on the power on the communication technology within the society. The first author considers the manner in which the society entirely depended on newspapers and cabled news in providing information and news about the factors that revolved around the society(Norton, 2014).  The author depicts the manner in which the old forms of media that included pamphlets, newspapers, and the radio and the television dominated the era of ascendency. However, the author depicts the fact that the advent of the interned turned around this factors.

Paul Star on the other hand depicts the manner in which newspapers are today taken for granted. He gives a historical background stating how the newspapers remained an important tool in the American society that would inform the community on several elements. The author therefore laments that the advent of the internet has changed this factors into a new regime that discredits the old forms of communication.

James Fellow also ascertains the effective approaches directed towards saving the news. According to him, the advent of information technology has killed the news business with google trying to fight this back.  However, the author alleges that Google may turn out to be the destroyer or the creator of the newspaper industry.

In my opinion, these authors therefore depict the manner I which information and technology has eroded the older forms of information and technology. They therefore give their opinions on the old forms of communication approaches and their advantages during the period. However, they fail to understand that the globalization of the world has changed the manner in which communication is dispensed today.  It is in my view essential to consider that the changes in technology are to the advantage of the society since this has made work easier and information so first to get. The society would wait for some time to read the newspaper and grasp information about an issue. However, in this dispensation, there is access to information at the click of a button, a factor that has broadened the manner in which the society views things.

 References

Norton, (2014).The Enduring Debate. An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Management Information Systems, 28(3), 45-84.

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Market evolution Research Paper Out

 

Market evolution
Market evolution
Market evolution

Market evolution

Order Instructions:

Hi Writer,

Please follow the below guidelines to write this paper. I will email the white paper at support@australiaessays.com

Please Read and Summarize above White Paper “Gartner Handout – Infrastructure as a Service” in APA style format (3-4 pages). Students should also integrate answers to the following three questions in their papers:

§ What is the white paper trying to say?

§ What is the significance of what you read?

§ How does the material influence you?

Papers will be graded for accuracy of interpretation, rigor of argument, and clarity of expression.

Thanks,
Customer

SAMPLE ANSWER

With the market evolution and growing demand for service-based cloud computing infrastructure, there exists a need for reputable cloud infrastructure service providers to improvise the traditional platforms. Though there are other services provided by the magic quadrant, the paper only evaluates cloud compute infrastructure as a service provider. Cloud computing is a service that offers flexible information technology components through the use of the internet.

Cloud computing infrastructure has evolved from being offered as a physical component to a service and still ably competes with data centers and infrastructure based IT initiatives. Other elements of the service-based infrastructural market are cloud printing and cloud storage. However, cloud computing consists the largest market of the cloud Compute Infrastructure as a service (IaaS). The paper provides an evaluation of cloud computing IaaS with the vendors that are known to offer the service.

As a major component of the magic quadrant, cloud computing infrastructure as a service is an automatic and standardized component that allows computer resources to be transferred to customers by service providers on demand. The computer resources can be shared by different tenants or by a single tenant and hosted by the service provider or on customer’s premises. The service infrastructure offers user-interfaces directly to the client.

Cloud infrastructure can be in the form of a service or a technology platform. Cloud infrastructure as a service is advantageous to the technology platform in that it offers direct services to the customer through self-service. However, there are capabilities that the technology platform offers that the service infrastructure is unable to perform on its own. Cloud computing IaaS has to use cloud-enabled system infrastructure to offer activities such as outsourcing and data-enabled hosting. Still, on its own, cloud computing IaaS is capable of providing a variety of offerings to the customer.

Gartner clients have a dire need to control IT operations. The evaluation covers the needs of the clients ranging from enterprises, retail and technology firms. The quadrant talks about the development, analysis, and production of the cloud computing IaaS internally and externally. The service hosts diverse workloads for a range of design application. Through the magic quadrant, an emphasis is given to standardized self-service and automation.

Magic Quadrants serve the different needs of customers. Customers are more interested in self-service cloud computing infrastructure. To make the service more reliable, it can still be complemented by negligible amounts of dedicated servers. The magic quadrants offer customized services to organizations that need the service or that want to supplement their traditional hosting platform. Magic Quadrants for Managed Hosting are cloud computing service providers based in North America, Asia, and Europe. The quadrants also provide custom-made cloud computing services for outsourcing of data and utility offerings.

The providers of IaaS are known for offering exceptionally high-quality services that have a high-performance rate. Also, the providers are always available for customer’s inquiries and support. The magic quadrant specifies unique providers that were evaluated. The providers are profiled about their strengths and weaknesses.

Characteristics of Magic Quadrant vendors include:

  1. Ownership of private and public cloud services. The customers are placed on standard infrastructure and cloud-enabled tools.
  2. The providers lay emphasis on hybrid IT elements but with a view on security and self-service control. Though some of the providers target start-ups, they normally lack the capabilities needed by big organizations. It, therefore, becomes important for the selected providers to provide unique offerings that allow easy access to cloud computing infrastructure.
  3. Most of the vendors combine resilient support with maintenance windows for efficient service provision.
  4. Providers mostly do not oversubscribe Random Access Memory resources, but those that do not assure of allocations of resources are identified and noted. However, not all providers have the same storage capability, and it is only those in the quadrant that offer alternatives for storage purposes.
  5. Most of the vendors possess extra SLAs to provide extensive network services, customer services and all of the customer’s inquiries.
  6. Customers define the scope of the services offered hence the infrastructural service is not automatic. For that reason, some providers specialize in offering disaster recovery in case customers want to re-instate the services. Vendors support virtual networking that is secure with the inclusion of firewall. The providers have extra security services that they offer to their customers at varying amounts depending on the customer. Self-service allows customers to bring their portals and VM image.
  7. Finally, after evaluation, the vendors were found to be financially stable, offer contracts in English, sign contracts with clients and provide managed services on Iaas cloud computing.

As a student, the analysis has given an insight on evolution of technology and how traditional computing methods are being replaced with modern technology. Globalization of services and customer’s demand for technology that they can have control over has driven the invention of the Magic Quadrant. The paper provides an overview of the gap that technology is creating in the evolving world and the need for virtual technology. Before one goes for cloud computing services, it is important to analyze the providers since some vendors do not have the required tools for provision of the service.

The paper influences the aspiration for invention in virtual technology to meet the modern market demands. The high number of vendors is attributable to the market demand and therefore means that technology innovation is the new market driving force. Career in software development is not to be underrated in the new digital era.

References

Gartner (2014). Magic Quadrant for Cloud Infrastructure as a Service: Case Study.

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State Party Structure Assignment Paper

State Party Structure
State Party Structure

State Party Structure Assignment Paper

State Party Structure

Order Instructions:

Topic: State Party Structure

Thread:

—First, review the lecture about the structure of the Republican Party in Virginia as an example. Select 1 of the major parties in your state to study. Because this was already discussed in the presentation, do not base your discussion on the Republican Party of Virginia. If you live in Virginia, you may examine the Democratic Party of Virginia or you may adopt another state and study its party structure. For example, a Virginia resident could study the Republican Party of North Dakota or Missouri, or any other state except Virginia.

****LINK TO VIDEO*****

https://learn.liberty.edu/webapps/blackboard/content/listContent.jsp?course_id=_287092_1&content_id=_10692264_1

user name: jmeadows8
password: Liberty1234

—Second, locate the website for your political party. Use a search engine to find the address. If you are unsuccessful, contact an elected official of that party and ask for help in locating it. Once you have located the party website, determine how much you can learn from it.

—Third, collect the information to answer the following questions:
–What is the structure of the state party?
–Does the website contain the legal document governing the party similar to the Party Plan of the Republican Party of Virginia?
–How does the party choose its state officers?
–How is the party organized locally?
–How can an interested person become a member of the local party committee?
–What other types of information are contained in the website?
–If the website does not have sufficient information, a phone call to a member of the local party can provide this information. You can obtain the names of local party officials from state party headquarters.

—Fourth, organize this information into an essay and submit it. Include the correct citation of the party’s website.

SAMPLE ANSWER

The organization of major political parties in the United States i.e. Democrats and Republicans is generally at the national, state, and local (usually county/precinct) levels. In this case, the structure of state party to be considered is that of the Republican Party of Texas. The structure of the Republican Party of Texas consists of the State Chairman, State Vice Chairman and the State Executive Committee all of which are elected at the State Convention (The Republican Party of Texas, 2016). The party structure also consists of one committeewoman and one committeeman elected from each of the thirty one Senate Districts through primary ballot by Republican Party voters in Texas. In addition, the structure of the Republican Party of Texas consists of Ex Officio members within the State Executive Committee including the National Committeewoman, National Committeeman, Auxiliary Representatives and Party Officers (The Republican Party of Texas, 2016).

Compared to the Party Plan of the Republican Party of Virginia, the website of the Republican Party of Texas contains the legal document governing the party including not only the rules but also the bylaws. The party chooses its state officers through State Conventions where delegates representing counties participate in the elections (The Republican Party of Texas, 2016). The local organization of the Republican Party of Texas is majorly at the county and precinct levels where the structure consists of Precinct Chairmen, who are elected through primary ballot and County Chairmen, who are also elected through primary ballot and may be obliged to appoint County Vice Chairmen, as well as County Executive Committee comprising of the Precinct Chairman and County Chairman (The Republican Party of Texas, 2016).

For an interested person to become local party committee member for the Republican Party in Texas, he/she must be a registered voter and offer his/her candidature during Republican Primaries where party voters elect their county chairmen and precinct chairmen who subsequently constituted the local party committee (The Republican Party of Texas, 2016). The other information contained in the website concerns the party officers, election information/primary process, candidate resource, communication from state party chairman as well as information on various political party conventions (The Republican Party of Texas, 2016).

Reference

The Republican Party of Texas (2016). Party Structure. Retrieved from http://www.texasgop.org/party-structure/

 

COURSE OUTCOMES SAMPLE PAPER                                                                      

 

COURSE OUTCOMES
COURSE OUTCOMES

COURSE OUTCOMES

COURSE OUTCOMES

Order Instructions:

For this paper I will upload the details. The writer will have to read all instructions and respond accordingly. I have also included two sample papers for the writer to review and have a better understanding of the requirements before completing this paper. the writer will complete that paper taking into consideration all points noted in the course outcome. He must also include pear review articles to support the facts presented in APA format. the writer must properly format the paper in APA

SAMPLE ANSWER

COURSE OUTCOMES                                                                                    

Course Outcomes: By the end of this course, you should be able to:

  1. Appraise an individual or group‘s health status using clinical reasoning skills when performing the health assessment and physical examination, formulating differential diagnosis, and ordering and interpreting diagnostics
  2. Devise an evidence-based and cost-effective evaluation and management plan for clients with primary care issues
  3. Outline community resources for clients and their caregivers to help establish, retain, and maintain health maintenance and health promotion activities
  4. Ensure quality care through consultation, collaboration, continuing education, certification, and self-reflection
  5. Evaluate all aspects of the nurse practitioner role such a provider, educator, and collaborator when providing primary care

What to do for this paper.

This paper provides you with an opportunity to reflect on what you have learned during the past several weeks regarding Lack of proper education on patient with type 2 diabetes

Review the course outcomes above and address how you have met each outcome.

Include in your discussion how your work with your preceptor in the clinical practice and your work done with your EBP have contributed to your development as a nurse in an advanced role.

Here below, I have included two sample papers of how the writer will frame this last paper. The writer should carefully read all instructions and carefully write the paper accordingly. He must also include at least 4 references from pear review articles to supports all facts and must also take into consideration the topic we have been working on for the past week ”Lack of proper education on patient with type 2 diabetes”

Sample paper1

I have had a great experience with my preceptor and my clinical practice. I have had more opportunities this term to do procedures, Paps/Pelvic, and wellness exams. I have really been able to link my practice setting with my EBP since diabetes education is basically nonexistent in my area.

Working on the EBP has really helped me be more comfortable with research and development of  a program. I hope I can use these skills to develop and implement more programs in my future career.

As for my upcoming plans, I hope I can get my test taken soon after graduation. I already have a job lined up at my current clinical site working in the family physician office. I love this office and the schedule it offers me and am really excited to start this aspect of my career.

Sample paper 2

My work with my preceptor has been very beneficial to me as a student and a future NP. My preceptor on the first day alerted me that his plan was to utilize a constructivist approach to teaching and learning. The constructivist theory allows the learner to be able to gain meaning from past and current learning experiences and from those experience assists the learner to construct new knowledge (Ferrara, 2010). For example, at the beginning of each clinical day we would review all patient charts that were to be seen that day. Then once I reviewed the charts he would proceed to ask me what I know based on the patient history and request to be seen. This entire data gathering process was assisting me to be prepared to complete the patient visit and ultimately treat the patient if needed. It lead to long arduous days but it ultimately made me stronger that I will be a great NP. My preceptor provided me with the opportunity to appraise an individual or group’s health status using clinical reasoning skills when performing the health assessment and physical examination, formulating differential diagnosis, and ordering and interpreting diagnostics weekly. Each day a patient would present with an acute or chronic illness that required evaluation and treatment. I was able to devise an evidence-based and cost-effective evaluation and management plan for clients with primary care issues in class as well as with my EBP assignment. Based on the acute or chronic diagnosis I utilized EBP care to treat the patient. Third, I outlined community resources for clients and their caregivers to help establish, retain, and maintain health maintenance and health promotion activities. Once the patient was discharged the community resources were made available so that the patient could follow-up with care. Fourth, I ensured quality care through consultation, collaboration, continuing education, certification, and self-reflection. If a referral was needed the future NP would complete the needed documentation so the consultation could be made. Lastly, I was able to evaluate all aspects of the nurse practitioner role such a provider, educator, and collaborator when providing primary care. I was very proud of my progress to complete these duties while in clinic. I have met all course outcomes a this time. Throughout the term it was very tedious to stay on top of the EBP but it was very encouraging to see the project progress as the term came to an end. As I completed my clinical hours I was glad to see that the EBP was overlapping as I provided care. My preceptor was happy to see that all of the diagnosis and treatment were evidence based. As Facchiano & Snyder suggested (2012) the NP using researching findings in clinical practice. I was doing that this past term and will continue to do so in the future. The term was another test of my endurance and I am glad to say that I succeeded. As I learning more and more the evidence practice is occurring not only at my clinical site but community hospitals, magnet-affiliated hospitals, academic medical centers, private practice sites, and clinics; as well as in rural, suburban, and urban areas across the United States (Butler, 2011). From my readings and the program overall I have a strong understanding why. With evidence base care the healthcare is only expected to get better and provide the best outcomes possible to patients.

Brandy

References

Butler, K.  (2011). Nurse practitioners and evidence-based nursing practice. Clinical Scholars Review, 4(1), 53-57 5p. doi:10.1891/1939-2095.4.1.53

Facchiano, L., & Snyder, C. (2012). Evidence-based practice for the busy nurse practitioner: Part one: Relevance to clinical practice and clinical inquiry process. Journal Of The American Academy Of Nurse Practitioners, 24(10), 579-586 8p. doi:10.1111/j.1745-7599.2012.00748.x

Ferrara, L. (2010). Integrating evidence-based practice with educational theory in clinical practice for nurse practitioners: bridging the theory practice gap. Research & Theory For Nursing Practice, 24(4), 213-216 4p. doi:10.1891/1541-6577.24.4.213

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Equity and Access to Public Education Paper

Equity and Access to Public Education
Equity and Access to Public Education
Equity and Access to Public Education

Equity and Access to Public Education

Order Instructions:

Assignment 3: Research Paper Part 2 – The Literature Review

Due Week 7 and worth 200 points

If you have ever collected coins, stamps, or shoes, you end up with an assortment of items that are similar in topic (e.g., shoes) but also vary a little (some have heals, laces, different colors, and patterns). Building a literature review is similar to a collection in that you have collected articles on your research topic and are going to write about the similarities and differences you found in the articles.

For this assignment, you will create the second part of your research paper. The literature review should consist of a total of seven to ten (7-10) articles related to your research topic. These articles may include any articles you have previously found throughout this course. You should use the headings below for the sections of your paper.

Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:

Identify two to three (2-3) common themes in the literature.
Contrast the findings and results of the literature.
Identify gaps in the literature.
Summarize the literature as it relates to your topic.
Include seven to ten (10) peer-reviewed quantitative or qualitative articles related to your topic.

Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:

Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

Determine the appropriateness of peer-reviewed literature to support research topics.
Use technology and information resources to research issues related to educational research methods.
Use quantitative and / or qualitative approaches to create research topics.
Analyze research methodologies that support specific research topics.
Evaluate components of a research proposal.
Write clearly and concisely about educational research methods using proper writing mechanics

SAMPLE ANSWER

Introduction

It is essential to consider the fact that the welfare of different economies lies heavily upon the systems and strucures developed within a nation’s public education. Throughout the history of America, it is essential to consider that the government has put emphasis in the provision of equal and accessible high-quality free education in public schools since without this systems, the way of life would be a disaster (Al-Lamki, 2002). Access and equity in public education therefore remains one of the fundamental elements in the nation’s democratic system of governance that is based upon the pillars of civic responsibilities and individual rights which requires that there is an effective education system.

However, it is essential to consider that America is facing challenges in regards to the provision of this democratic right. The nation has experienced challenges in ensuring that every child in America has an access to an equalized public education (Willems, & Bossu, 2012). This therefore requires that proper structures are developed to determine the areas that need to be amended in order to develop an effective educational system in America. This paper therefore seeks to conduct a literature review on the concept of equity and access to public education.

Equity and Access to Public Education

As determined, education remains one of the fundamental human rights that provides the youths with the power to benefit from prosperity. Education has the capacity to break even the poverty cycle, a factor that would impact the economic and social development of a nation (Al-Lamki, 2002). This therefore determines that every citizen should benefit from the opportunities presented by education that should be developed to meet their learning needs.

It is therefore essential to determine that the fulfilment of an accessible and equitable educational therefore requires that appropriate approaches are developed towards empowering the society to confer with the responsibility of respecting and building upon the collective culture, spiritual and linguistic heritage including the promotion of education to impact the cause of social justice, environmental protection, the tolerance towards political, social and religious systems within the society (Al-Lamki, 2002).

Literature Review

The element of equal access and equity in education remains a fundamental issue in American democracy. This notion is believed to have found origin from the scriptures according to (Asplund, et.al.2008) where it is stated that all people are created equally before God and the law, a factor that sets up the expectation that every individual has a right to influence the course of democracy, and to reap the fruits of a good society through education (pp.262).

According to Bragg, & Durham (2012), over the past years, it has been noted that in public education, the primary enrolments of students has grown significantly, a factor that steadily represents an annual growth rate of 0.7%. It is however essential to consider the fact that the enrolment of girls was noted to have grown faster as compared to that of boys (pp.107). The male/female ratio of enrollment in America has over time faced the element of parity over time. These differences in enrolments have therefore seen a single gender benefit from education as compared to the other gender.

On the other hand, education should be considered as a great equalizer and ought to be used to level the playing field with the aim of mitigating the increasing rates of inequality Gilbert, & Heller (2013) supports this point by pointing out that education should be offered to student irrespective of their color, race, gender, national origins, religion, and social status (pp.418). Students in this case need to have access to educational resources that include strong teachers, technological and instructional materials, safe school facilities, and extracurricular programs.

A fair and equitable dispensation of education therefore remains one of the fundamental ways that allows a state ensure that appropriate approaches have been put in place to improve this objective. The manner in which the society educates the children touches the souls of different citizens in most nations (Harper, Patton, & Wooden, 2009). This author therefore alleges that in order to achieve an equitable access to public education, there is a need to equalize resources, a factor that calls for the federal government in ensuring that funding’s are equitable done in public schools. Additionally this view is supported by Kisker, & Oulcalt (2005) who alleges that educational institutions also have an obligation in ensuring that a shared mission is shared that would end the predictive value of class, gender, race, and special capacities of students by articulating approaches of including the community and families in spurring this process.

In accordance to the views of these authors, it is essential to consider that the common theme that stands out across their views is in relation to the need for an equitable access to public education that requires a collective approach in handling (Heilig, Reddick, Hamilton, & Dietz, 2010). The authors point that the federal government plays the central role in equitably funding learning institutions, a factor that depicts that the element of equity I also impacted by the manner in which institutions are funded. On the other hand, the authors also meet at an agreement on the purposes of education that involves preparing the youths to grow in knowledge and take their opportunities in the society.

It is however essential to consider the fact that the author’s views contrast in the manner in which the element of equity and access can be achieved within educational institutions. Some of the authors believe that the primary approach of ensuring that equity and access is achieved in education is through the inclusion of different structures that include the society into solving this problem (Leach, 2013). On the other hand, other authors believe that this factor can be achieved when the state makes amends in it funding approaches. It is in this case essential to consider the fact that a gap therefore stands in determining an effective approach of ensuring that the element of equity and access is achieved in education.

Conclusion

As determined in this study, the welfare of different economies lies heavily upon the systems and structures developed within a nation’s public education (Perna, Gerald, Baum, & Milem, 2007). Access and equity in public education therefore remains one of the fundamental elements in the nation’s democratic system of governance that is based upon the pillars of civic responsibilities and individual rights which requires that there is an effective education system. It is therefore significant to note that this approach requires the inclusion of several factors in achieving this goal.

References

Al-Lamki, S. M. (2002). Higher Education in the Sultanate of Oman: the challenge of access, equity and privatization. Journal Of Higher Education Policy & Management, 24(1), 75-86. doi:10.1080/13600800220130770

Asplund, R., Adbelkarim, O. B., & Skalli, A. (2008). An equity perspective on access to, enrolment in and finance of tertiary education. Education Economics, 16(3), 261-274.

Bragg, D. D., & Durham, B. (2012). Perspectives on Access and Equity in the Era of (Community) College Completion. Community College Review, 40(2), 106-125.

Gilbert, C. K., & Heller, D. E. (2013). Access, Equity, and Community Colleges: The Truman Commission and Federal Higher Education Policy from 1947 to 2011. Journal Of Higher Education, 84(3), 417-443.

Harper, S. R., Patton, L. D., & Wooden, O. S. (2009). Access and Equity for African American Students in Higher Education: A Critical Race Historical Analysis of Policy Efforts. Journal Of Higher Education, 80(4), 389-414.

Heilig, J. V., Reddick, R. J., Hamilton, C., & Dietz, L. (2010). Actuating Equity: Historical and Contemporary Analyses of African American Access to Selective Higher Education from Sweatt to the Top 10 Percent Law. Harvard Journal of African American Public Policy, 1711-27.

Kisker, C. B., & Oulcalt, C. L. (2005). Community College Honors and Developmental Faculty: Characteristics, Practices, and Implications for Access and Educational Equity. Community College Review, 33(2), 1-21.

Leach, L. (2013). Participation and equity in higher education: are we going back to the future?. Oxford Review of Education, 39(2), 267-286.

Perna, L., Gerald, D., Baum, E., & Milem, J. (2007). The status of equity for black faculty and administrators in public higher education in the south. Research In Higher Education, 48(2), 193-228. doi:10.1007/s11162-006-9041-4

Willems, J., & Bossu, C. (2012). Equity considerations for open educational resources in the globalization of education. Distance Education, 33(2), 185-199.

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Drug shortage Assignment Paper

Drug shortage
Drug shortage

Drug shortage Assignment Paper

Drug shortage Assignment Paper

Assignment Paper

Order Instructions:

Initial Discussion Post:

How does the shortage of chemotherapy drugs impact health care?
Are work arounds such as substitute medications a safe alternative? Why or why not?
Identify an intervention that you can implement as the RN to advocate for safe patient care and positive patient outcomes when drug shortages occur.
Base your initial post on your readings and research of this topic.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Drug shortage refers to the balance dynamics between the supply of FDA regulated chemotherapy drugs does not met the demand. The chemotherapy drug shortage adversely impacts the healthcare provider and the service users. The healthcare provider experiences increased workloads associated with unanticipated events of the drug alternatives. On the other hand, the service user’s experiences reduced patient autonomy, treatment delay, or even the cancellation of treatment. The consequences include lengthened hospital stays due to medication errors, anticipated adverse side effects due to toxicities and compromised patient safety (Mayer, 2012).

The works around are not safe substitute because as often lead to increased cost of care. Additionally, the drug substituted efficacy is usually lower as compared to the drugs with shortages; is most likely to have unanticipated side effects. This increases the possibility of putting patient safety in jeopardy, especially if the healthcare providers have lower professional competence with the substitute medication leading to medication errors.  This causes compromised clinical outcomes (McKeever, Bloch, Bratic, 2012).

The healthcare providers must work together in order to identify   and implement the most effective policies and procedures that would address the issue of drug shortages amicably. The most important role is patient education and patient advocacy.  The patient education intervention should consist of open communication with the patient regarding the drugs and treatment that will be used, and estimate the probability of drug shortages affecting the treatment plan. Policies such as drug substitution, conservation and use of triage, and utilization of compounded medication should be addressed. This will help the patient make informed decisions, as to whether delaying of the chemotherapeutic intervention is prudent until the medication become available. The nurse must advocate for patient’s autonomy (McKeever, Bloch, Bratic, 2012).

References

Mayer, D.K. (2012). Anatomy of a drug shortage. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 16 (2 ); 107-108

McKeever, A.E., Bloch, J.R., Bratic, A. (2012). Drug Shortages and the Burden of Access to Care: A Critical Issue Affecting Patients with Cancer. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing 17(5); 490-494

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Health Information Patient Handout

Health Information Patient Handout Order Instructions: Decrease text size
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Health Information Patient Handout
Health Information Patient Handout

Application: Health Information Patient Handout

One of the pivotal goals of consumer health literacy efforts is to design educational materials that attract as well as educate users. In this Assignment, you design a health information document on a topic that is of interest to you.

To prepare:
•Select a health issue of interest to you.
•Identify the audience or population that you seek to educate about this issue.
•Search the Internet to find credible sites containing information about your selected topic.
•Review the two health literacy websites listed in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on strategies for presenting information.

To complete:
•Design an educational handout on the health issue you selected. ?Include a cover page.
?Include an introduction that provides: ?An explanation of your issue and why you selected it
?A description of the audience you are addressing

?In the handout itself: ?Develop your handout in such a way that it attracts the attention of the intended audience.
?Include a description of the health issue and additional content that will enhance your message (i.e., key terms and definitions, graphics, illustrations, etc.).
?Recommend four or five sites that provide clear, valuable, and reliable information on the topic.

Note: Remember to keep the information in your health handout and its design at the appropriate level for the audience you are seeking to inform. Submit your Assignment as a Word document.

This Assignment is due by Day 5 of this week.

My Number is: Area Code (939) 256-8803 my sisters number is:(787) 514-1726.

Health Information Patient Handout Sample Answer

Order Instructions:

Decrease text size
Print Page

Application: Health Information Patient Handout

One of the pivotal goals of consumer health literacy efforts is to design educational materials that attract as well as educate users. In this Assignment, you design a health information document on a topic that is of interest to you.

To prepare:
•Select a health issue of interest to you.
•Identify the audience or population that you seek to educate about this issue.
•Search the Internet to find credible sites containing information about your selected topic.
•Review the two health literacy websites listed in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on strategies for presenting information.

To complete:
•Design an educational handout on the health issue you selected. ?Include a cover page.
?Include an introduction that provides: ?An explanation of your issue and why you selected it
?A description of the audience you are addressing

?In the handout itself: ?Develop your handout in such a way that it attracts the attention of the intended audience.
?Include a description of the health issue and additional content that will enhance your message (i.e., key terms and definitions, graphics, illustrations, etc.).
?Recommend four or five sites that provide clear, valuable, and reliable information on the topic.

Note: Remember to keep the information in your health handout and its design at the appropriate level for the audience you are seeking to inform. Submit your Assignment as a Word document.