The main characters are the messenger who happens to be the writer, God and everyman who is anybody on earth. The discussion about the different sins committed by man on a usual basis is provided. Man is drowned in his worldly pleasures and death is send upon the earth by God to remind them on the importance of following the teachings of the Lord. The various traits that an individual is supposed to poses are also listed. The traits are good characteristics in order for individuals to avoid death. The traits are well set for individuals to forget the pain brought about by death. Through death, people are in a position to identify the basic importance of being well behaved within the society. The saving of people is made possible because of the fear odd death. Individuals will also greatly adhere to the teachings of the Lord (Tymieniecka, 2012).
It is possible that man incorporates a certain set of behavior. Among the listed good attributes is the importance o being kind, the need for fellowship, not being after material possession, the importance of good deeds, the importance of knowledge, the importance of confession, having the right strength, discretion and the five wits. Human salvation is all about the integration of the above factors. They need to play an integral part in the ultimate saving tool. The traits are also important in building the correct concept in building the right Christian witnesses. The right Christian witnesses will be essential in the fulfilling the great commission (Wasserman, 2008).
Conclusively, it can be accounted that the role played by having the right traits is critical in the human life towards Christianity. Death is the ultimate punishment that God sent in the world to set the correct human behavior (Carlson, 2008).
References
Wasserman, E. (2008). The death of the soul in Romans 7. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck.
Tymieniecka, A. (2012). The fullness of the logos in the key of life. Dordrecht: Springer.
Carlson, J. (2008). Understanding our being. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press.
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Please use the following format in preparing 4-MAT Book Reviews:
1. ABSTRACT. Summarize what you have read, boiling the book down into 400-600 words (no more than 2 pages). Prove you comprehend the readings by writing a no-nonsense summary. The abstract is not a commentary or listing of topics but rather an objective summary from the reader’s viewpoint. Abstract equals “boiled down.” This section should include a minimum of 2 footnotes to the text being reviewed.
2. CONCRETE RESPONSE. Get vulnerable! In no less than 250 words and no more than 1 page, relate a personal life experience that this book triggered in your memory. Relate your story in first person, describing action, and quoting exact words you remember hearing or saying. In the teaching style of Jesus, this is a do-it-yourself parable, case study, confession. You will remember almost nothing you have read unless you make this critical, personal connection. What video memory began to roll? This is your chance to tell your story and make new ideas your own.
3. REFLECTION. This is the critical thinking part of the review (not critical in the sense of negative, but in the sense of questioning). In no less than 250 words and no more than 1 page, describe what questions pop up for you in response to what you have read. Keep a rough-note sheet at hand as you read. Out smart the author by asking better questions than he/she raised in the book. Tell how the author could have made the book better or more appealing to those in your field of service. One way to begin this section is by stating what bothered you most about the book. This is not a place to provide an endorsement or affirmation of the book.
4. ACTION. So what are you going to do about it? In 400-600 words (no less than 1 page and no more than 2 pages) provide 2 actions that describe what changes you are going to make in your life, ministry, and/or work as a result of your reading. Actions should be measurable and reveal a commitment to specific time, specific people, and identified steps.
5. Please provide a Turabian style* title page, pagination, footnotes & Bibliography.
Book: Clinton, Robert J. The Making of a Leader: Recognizing the Lessons and Stages of Leadership Development. Rev. ed. Colorado Springs: NavPress, 2012. ISBN: 9781612910758.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Making of a Leader: Recognizing the Lessons and Stages of Leadership Development
The review is based on Clinton and David’s, The Making of a leader: Recognizing the Lessons and Stages of Leadership and Development. In this book, he asserts that leaders (including those who are in the process of being leaders) require a spiritual roadmap so that God can guide them as they seek to develop their leadership gifts. The Christian leaders should allow themselves to be guided by the Holy Spirit so that they lead correctly. According to the bible, God is responsible for guiding man in the right path. I tend to conquer with the statement that “God develops leader overtime.” The author of this book has incorporated the study of various leaders. A baseline of six phases has been chosen by Clinton to develop a common course of a leader’s life. The significant parts of leader’s growth entail the growing stages. The six stages entail Godly foundations, Growth of inner life, maturing of the ministry, life maturing, convergence, and afterglow. These stages should be recognized enables leaders to the growth improvements as well as spelling out the trainings and visions.
When a leader is equipped with these outlines, he possesses the skills of finding and creating leadership, character, values, vision, and relational skills. Clinton asserts that the greatest challenge of leaders is the development of a godly character. It is essential for a leader to possess character since they are the representatives of God Himself. The author points out four processes are used by God to carry out an assessment of the characters of an upcoming leader. They include a check for integrity, check for obedience, and check for the word and ministry task. The character of a person is defined by who they really are it is of importance that a leader shows a good image to the world. He is like a ‘mirror’ hence should lead by example. Since leaders are supposed to follow what God instructs them, they should portray the image of His characters. They should be oriented in doing everything that pleases Him and look for ways of being like Him. The author has outlined the necessary tools for a person to be a great leader. Those tools are the components of the process outlined in the book. According to Clinton, he does not believe in the born leadership but believes that leadership skills are developed. “In the long haul, God is preparing you for convergence. He is conforming you to the image of Christ” (Clinton, 2012, p. 28).
Concrete Response
Clinton states that leadership is “a dynamic process in which a man or woman with God-given capacity influences a specific group of God’s people toward His purposes for the group.” The main theme of the book focuses on the current leaders and those who are in the process of being leaders. It addresses on various perspectives of leaders. As a leader, I have been challenged in number of ways concerning my leadership skills and how God is preparing me to be a great leader following his guidelines. The book addresses the leaders who are not certain of God’s call. When I began my leadership journey, I was wondering whether God is calling them to enter into Christianity or not. I found dilemma and it was not an easy to choose whether to hear God’s voice or to ignore it since it thought it might be some weird feelings within me. I also found out the book touches on the leaders who have begun to find out the opportunities that exist in the ministry of which I have experienced too. Besides, the issues of leaders who need more new challenges from the almighty God are also addressed in the book. The book also talks about the way for leaders who need guidance on the process of selection of leaders and development of new leaders. It also includes the discussion of issues dealing with those leaders who are at crossroads that is, facing challenges of taking major decisions. Leaders who are in need of knowing their progress level in an attempt to develop their leadership skills. It is because we leaders might be wondering whether what they are experiencing is normal for leaders
Reflection
So, I must acknowledge that Clinton has written the best book that has enabled me to think about my leadership strategies. It has also enabled me to find new ways of applying the skills acquired from the book. Besides, the book outlines the examples that are practical to the six phases that leaders encounter in their lives. More so, the questions are provided at the end of each chapter to that helps the readers in analyzing leadership skills.
However, various questions arise from Clinton’s book that concerns leadership. From the researcher’s point of view, one might ask, “Does Clinton’s framework derived from the study of biblical leadership or his own analysis that is based on the biblical and historical principles?” in comparison to the other deities such as the deity of Christ as well as Salvation by grace among others. It is not easy to come up with an answer concerning what the bible says about leadership stages. As far as research is concerned, the framework that was offered by Clinton might not have been analyzed and received a confirmation from an independent quantitative research. Therefore, as long as the materials in this book makes sense in a way or another, there are might be some items that challenge the rules.
The bible is the key guideline of Christian leadership and there were excerpts from the scriptures that are given in the book. However, Dr. Clinton failed to provide examples or plans that have a basis on the character outlines in the bible. A leader should know what God says through the bible for him or her to follow a biblical example. Therefore, Clinton’s research is okay but its basis should not focus on the end results of the research but on the model of leadership that was provided by Jesus Christ.
Application
Clinton has contributed greatly in portraying God’s approach of developing a great leader over time. In my view, it is essential for a leader to have this knowledge. As much as it might be discouraging when faced with difficult situations, it is also easy to be caught up in the moment. For one to have a spirit of perseverance on the difficult situation, he must acknowledge the fact that God is using every circumstance for the benefit of the leader in preparation. It is meant to ensure that the end result of him is a great leader. Clinton has uniquely contributed to these ideas in a number of ways. For instance, he has identified a number of ways through which God is involved in the processes. I have personally gained from this book in two ways. I have recognized the overall purpose of God. His main purpose is to look for ways of coming up with a person of character. God is looking for a person whose ministry comes from within but not from the activity he is engaged in. I have learned from experience and observation that ministering basing on a person’s skills and gifts that will be awarded as a result, does not have an impact that it was initially intended.
Therefore, God uses both positive and negative experiences as His tools of aligning the leadership candidates. The positive tools entail the encouragements and trainings that one gets in the process of becoming a leader among others. The negatives one are conflicts, isolation, backlash and crisis among others. It is good to acknowledge that all this happens for the sake of appreciating what kind of person you are becoming rather taking a critical consideration of your reactions.
Secondly, my lesson concerns the development of ministry philosophy. I believe most of the leaders stop at the first stage. It is a point whereby after adopting the philosophy of the people around them, they do not go ahead to think and reflect on ways of developing their own. However, I strongly believe that if one develops his or her unique philosophy of the ministry that is based on the experiences and convictions that he or she has developed it increases the level of significance and long term impact. It has been noted that a spiritual and moral authority accompanies those with this philosophy. The philosophies are built on both their churches and ministries at large.
References
Bentley, Wessel. ‘Christian Leadership In The Workplace – Introduction’. Koers 79, no. 2 (2014).
Clarke, Andrew D. A Pauline Theology Of Church Leadership. London: T & T Clark, 2008.
Clinton, J. Robert., Dr. The Making of a Leader: Recognizing the Lessons and Stages of Leadership Development. 2nd ed. Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2012.
Diggins, Kristene. ‘NP Collaborative Practice And Servant Leadership’. Journal of Christian Nursing 32, no. 3 (2015): 144.
White, Ellen Gould Harmon. Christian Leadership. Washington, D.C.: Board of Trustees of the Ellen G. White Estate, 2005.
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SAMPLE ANSWER
The companies as mentioned above have a business relationship thus guarded by a contract. For the relationship to continue well, trust between the two entities must be guarded. According to the case study given, Symbol is the client and thus paying for the services rendered to it (Meredith, 2012). On the other hand, CONNECTCo is the one providing services. It should, therefore, give services that meet or are above the needs of its clients. In this case, it is shortchanging its largest client by charging for non-existent services. As its biggest source of revenue, the managers and staff at CONNECTCo should ensure proper procedures are followed for the client to be satisfied (Daft, 2014). The Internal Account Executives should be in line with the agreement, and the empty territories should be as written down. Steve Puhl, Vice President of Direct Sales at Symbol and Charlie Gallagher, Vice President of Canadian Operations should have a similar understanding of the contract they signed and any amendments made especially the most recent (Meredith, 2012). It will enhance proper understanding, and any hitch will be solved easily.
The management of CONNECTCo lacked moral responsibility due to their flawed accounting procedures and the fact that they were not adherent to the contract or its amendments. It is very evident from the first step Davis takes by approaching Gallagher to get to the bottom of some discrepancies (Meredith, 2012). Davis wanted to know to calculate the amount to be credited for the available open seats. It was due to some staff resources his company was to be supplied but had not and yet the client was paying for. Without any hesitation or any analysis, Gallagher just told Davis to use the lowest cost yet they had not received any hint to do so. It is despite the fact that Charlie had met the Symbol contact during a golf session. Even the usage of only nine words amazed Davis due to the seriousness of the issue he had posed (Daft, 2015).
A similar reaction met Davis when he approached McDonald the Vice President and Relationship Manager and who was in charge of the Symbol account. It showed that his greatest concern was the money to be charged notwithstanding any service rendered.
According to the contract signed on 1st September 2002, there were 275 IAEs but in the actual sense, 6 were empty territories thus not active yet CONNECTCo continued to charge the services (Meredith, 2012). Section 5.2 was amended on 1st October 2003 and stated that only 225 IAEs were agreed upon. However, on 15th December 2003, there was another amendment returning the IAEs to 275 (Daft, 2014). Then, there were three more open territories thus becoming 9.
In a meeting with McDonald and Charlie, they both told Davis to run to run the days including training days. It was to see the reduction of the money they had overcharged instead of thinking of refunding. A company with a profit of above 35% and could not refund less than 1% only served to reflect the greedy and corrupt nature of the management (Daft,2014).
Davis, as an honest staff, should not ignore this flawed process and should report to the top management. It is, however, risky since Charlie is the Vice President, and he may want to protect him by telling Charlie of the flaws. Still, in the management ladder, only Charlie reports directly to the CEO and his reporting may be seen badly (Meredith, 2012). If so, this may result to his sacking. It is a risk considering the plight of his girlfriend’s concerns. However, he can cushion himself this risk through informing everybody involved of the financial risk involved. Also bearing in mind that Symbol is their largest client. Still, no member of the management would like to see CONNECTCo a bad image suffers like Enron and Adelphia (Meredith, 2012).
References
Daft, R. L. (2014). Management. Australia: South-Western Cengage Learning.
Meredith Belbin, R. (2011). Management teams: Why they succeed or fail. Human Resource Management International Digest, 19(3).
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Doctoral Study and the Scholar Practitioner Model
Social change and the scholar-practitioner model are vital aspects of the school mission. Courses are designed to support you in your quest for affecting positive social change and becoming an effective scholar-practitioner. For this paper, you should reflect upon how your doctoral study concept has evolved since the start of this course and the ways in which you have built a solid foundation for your doctoral study project.
• Consider how your particular doctoral study might impact improvement on management or a business practice. Reflect on the most important components of this process.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Doctoral Study and the Scholar Practitioner Model
In any school mission, the scholar-practitioner model and social change make up very fundamental aspects. Developing courses is necessary as it supports in the quest of being an efficient scholar-practitioner as well as affecting optimistic social change. Since this course began, the concept of the doctoral study has evolved considerably. One of the most important things I have learnt is that the proper activities should be used when selecting the research topic depending on the defined problem (Liebowitz, 2015). Before the viable research topic is selected, the person should be prepared mentally to engage fully in the development and exploration process. There are three methods that can be used to approach the problem so as to more fully comprehend the problem before making attempts to implement or develop solutions. These are isolating and giving structure, magnifying the problem, and searching for theory.
I have been able to build a firm foundation for the doctoral study project through a number of ways. The first is the need to critically evaluate and analyze the existing scientific paradigms and dogma (Holly, Geller & Drexel University, 2014). I realized that since early childhood, I was socialized into accepting whatever I read or was told without any significant critical analysis. I realized that without the critical analysis, I would not even find an appropriate topic since I would never be able to identify a gap in literature. Therefore, for a firm foundation in the doctoral study project, I began being very attentive on everything I read. Moreover, using academic materials such as peer-reviewed journals and engaging in detailed research was another component since I was able to gain varying ideas, which helped come up with an authentic research problem.
The doctoral study can help improve business practices in a number of ways. During data collection through methods such as interviews and case studies, one gains different skills and acquires hands-on experiences which helps position the person strategically as a leader. On the same note, the doctoral study was revolving around an actual business challenge (Van, 2011). Therefore, doing a literature review on it and coming up with conclusions and recommendations on how the issue can be solved would help a business person be able to address such an issue more effectively in the real world. The idea of applying research-based evidence also comes in here. The entire processes of the doctoral study help sharpen leadership and decision-making skills, broaden knowledge on applied research and theory, as well as acquire experience needed for managing positive changes within any company (Topp, 2006). For example, a doctoral study on the globalization trends would help a person be able to use cultural competence and diversity appropriately, use the most appropriate recruitment and training strategies in new countries, and solve any conflicts amicably. This is based on the fact that there is a focus on the latest theories, research, as well as trends that influence business as far as globalization is concerned.
Therefore, a doctoral study on globalization trends in business would assist a person in business practices. The person would be able to come up with solutions to real-world and complex world problems, conduct research so as to advance present knowledge on business leadership, and identify the emerging theories. In addition, there would be an evaluation of how globalization relates to other disciplines.
References
Holly, M. E., Geller, K. D., & Drexel University. (2014). Experiential Learning and Student Engagement: Meaningful Learner Outcomes as Articulated by Drexel University Sacramento Ed.D. Graduates.
Liebowitz, J. (2015). A guide to publishing for academics: Inside the publish or perish phenomenon.
Topp, E. M. (2006). Presence-based coaching: The practice of presence in relation to goal-derected activity. Oxford publishers.
Van, F. J. R. (2011). Learning to Be in Graduate School: The Interconnections of AcademicWork, Scholarly Identity Formation, and Lived Experience. New York: Praeger Publishers.
The case you will analyze is, “Case 30: Yahoo! Inc.: Marissa Mayer’s Challenge.” In preparation for your case analysis, read “Guide to Strategic Management Case Analysis” in the text, which provides valuable advice on how to analyze a business case.
Your paper needs to include at least two charts, graphs, or visual aids to support your points.
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SAMPLE ANSWER
Marissa Mayer’s Challenge
Introduction
Plagued with adverse management challenges, failed business strategies and evident loss of industry dominance, Yahoo! Inc appointed Marissa Mayer to head the organization, in the hope that she would re-invent it to its former glory. Having worked as an executive at Yahoo greatest competitor Google, Mayer is expected to bring in her expertise to address the challenges at the organization. Mayer faced a significant number of challenges including the need to change Yahoo’s culture towards greater innovation, less bureaucracy and higher employee productivity; low financial performance in comparison with other players in the market; and the management of funds obtained from Yahoo’s sale of its share at Alibaba. Mayer was expected to steer the company towards a stable direction, having experienced a major leadership crisis leading to constant change of CEOs, especially within the last five years. This case study will address some of the challenges and problems that Mayer faces, with an objective of suggesting workable recommendation for Mayer and Yahoo.
Yahoo’s Background
The determination of two Stanford University students, Jerry Yang and David Filo, to find a means of tracking their favorite web pages on the internet marks the genesis of Yahoo Inc. In February 1994, Yang and Filo developed a list of websites and as the list got longer, they categorized them into subgroups for easier management. This was later followed by the development of the Yahoo! Website, which the pair came up with as a means to categorize their growing list and enable easy search of the websites. The search engine eventually gained popularity among friends and other students as a way of finding websites on the internet.
In the fall of 1994, the duo began considering the venture as a business opportunity, when the site eventually reached a millionth user hit. Having obtained venture capital to get the business going, Filo and Yang appointed Motorolla veteran, Tim Koogle to head the business as CEO. Yahoo recorded exceptional growth, providing the earliest World Wide Web online navigational guide; before using its platform to sell advertising space. In April 1996, the company went public and soon after expanded into Europe and Japan, forming Yahoo! Europe and Yahoo! Japan; which would ensure that the company offers its services to users worldwide.
By 2001, Yahoo was employing 3,000 people, making over $717 million in annual revenues and owned 24 global properties. Appointed in 2001, the new CEO Terry Semel led Yahoo into new ventures and the company consequently gained revenues from music, photo sharing, blogging and posting. Over the years, Yahoo continued to develop new products in line with market needs and competition. Yahoo mostly generated revenue from advertising space, listing fees and transaction fees. Major products included Yahoo! Homepage, Yahoo! Finance, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Sports, Yahoo! Shopping, Yahoo! Answers, Yahoo! Travel; all which are updated with content to ensure traffic to the website. Management of Yahoo’s global business is done geographically and consists of three segments including the Americas, Asia Pacific and Europe, Middle East and Africa (EMEA). To increase its reach, Yahoo had sites in forty five languages across sixty countries.
Problem statement
As Merissa Mayer enters Yahoo as the CEO, she is faced with various issues, which she must address to prove her ability to revolutionize yahoo. To begin with, Mayer comes into a company which has been managed by numerous CEOs and the biggest challenge remains giving a new and stable direction from the company. As the fourth CEO in 2012 alone, Mayer is faced with the challenge of establishing which direction Yahoo should take, having been steered to different directions by the various CEOs (Tsukayama, 2012). There are high expectations that Mayer will turn the company around, given her expertise and pressure is therefore on her to deliver.
Yahoo faced stiff competition from new entrants, with Google proving to be the biggest threat. Combined with low economic times, Yahoo’s performance deteriorated and company even laid off some employees in 2008 and 2010. The company struggled with management crisis over the years, constantly changing the management in a bid to revive the company. Jerry Yang would later replace Semel as CEO in 2007 and later pave way for Carol Bartz, who was then followed by Tim Morse and Scott Thompson in quick succession. Yahoo’s competiveness failed to improve despite the various strategies adopted by the various CEOs. It also faced a significant amount of internal politics and investor unrest that caused constant ripples in the organization’s operations. Microsoft made several attempts to acquire Yahoo but their bids were considered undervalued.
The financial performance of Yahoo has been declining over the years and while the company performed exceptionally well during its initial years, the share price has slowed down considerably over the years. This can be attributed to high levels of competition as well as lack of innovation in strategy, causing the firm to lose to competitors including Google and Microsoft.
The graph below indicates the stock price trend during the tenures of various CEOs in Yahoo’s history.
Essentially, Marissa Mayer is faced with various challenges including the following:
Enhance efficiency at the organization and change the corporate culture in order to promote performance
Deal with the high level of competition in the industry
Deal with redundant policies, processes and bureaucracy
Guide the organization into forming an identity; either work focus on being a technology firm or a media firm
Establish the best manner to invest the proceeds from selling half of its investment at Alibaba
Promote growth by targeting new markets
Alternative solutions
Marissa could begin by working on the organization’s culture to eliminate the redundant policies, processes and bureaucracy that threaten innovation and creativity. Beltrán-Martín and Roca-Puig (2013, p. 646) notes that employees are more likely to be flexible and innovative where they are given an open environment to work in and where their capabilities are not limited by bureaucracies. Mayer should encourage direct interaction with employees and ensure that each creative suggestion can be accommodated. In addition, she must instill a working culture that enables employees to be creative and proactive in their work in order to ensure that the company keeps up with other companies such as Google which fosters a creative culture Lowe (2009, p. 9). A change in culture would certainly face resistance as employees adjust to the new policies, hence the need to introduce change gradually.
Yahoo needs to focus on one strategy and excel on it as opposed to taking on a variety of products and having average or poor results. As much as diversification spreads risk for the company however, specialization is also considered effective because it allows the management to focus all its energies into enhancing success of the chosen product. Yahoo for example could focus on search and thus work towards marketing itself as a niche solution when it comes to search. The company could also focus on being a media company, and follow this strategy to excel in this field. While this strategy is effective in promoting a focused organization, it is apparent that the internet business is highly competitive and specialization may limit the organization’s earnings (Chickowski, 2008, p. 12-13). Furthermore, Yahoo already possesses skills and expertise in a wide array of internet solutions and it would be inappropriate to let go of all the investment they have made. In this regard, the solution would be to select a few number of businesses that are performing well and concentrate on these to bring more revenue to the company.
Mayer should leverage on the growing mobile platform to reach more users through Yahoo. Statistics indicate that more users than ever are accessing the internet through their mobile devices and this is expected to grow Fulgoni (2015, p. 116). This is indicated in the graph below.
Source: eMarketer, Dec 2014
The best solution would be to create content that correlates with what mobile users search for online. While this solution promises better user reach, it is important for Yahoo to realize that that every other internet-based organization is eyeing this strategy as a means to promote business, hence the need to be very innovative in their approach Chickowski, 2008, p. 13).
Mayer should use her strengths at search, acquired from Google to promote Yahoo’s performance in this sector. Mayer headed the Google’s search business for a significant number of years and therefore possesses the right skills of knowing what users want to see on the internet. She should then guide the organization into adopting the right skills to promote content development and thus increase traffic to Yahoo. This would not only increase the amount of advertising revenue but it would eventually lead to an improvement in the company’s share price. This approach like the any other means that the organization must face competitors, through coming up with innovative strategies to create a niche.
Mayer needs to increase the quality of the workforce in order to realize better organizational performance. It is clear that the industry has become highly competitive and the productivity of workers at Yahoo is questionable as indicated in the in the case study. This also includes providing extensive training for staff and research to ensure that the company possesses knowledge on the most current trends. In order for this alternative to work, Marissa must be willing to sacrifice some of the inefficient hiring policies as well as ineffective workers. This may create unrest within the company if now well executed.
Proposed Solution and Recommendations
The above suggested solutions present highly valid strategies that Mayer could adopt in creating a more productive Yahoo. The most suitable solutions based on the discussion above would be to change the organization’s culture, encourage innovation and productivity among employees and focus on mobile technology as an avenue to gain a niche in the online market.
As Mayer undertakes a change in Yahoo’s culture, promoting an innovative culture for employees should be a major priority. By allowing employees to be creative, eliminating irrelevant policies that limit innovation and maintaining an open door policy, Mayer could soon transform Yahoo through the employees’ potential (Tampu, 2015, p. 45). In an online study conducted by Ideacomb in 2012, it was established that talent management to a significant extent determines the innovation level in any industry. The report further established that most employees were not comfortable with the idea of the CEO being the only one responsible for innovation and would therefore desire to participate. Based on the responses obtained from the survey, employees are motivated to be more productive and innovative when they are recognized by the management and when they are given an opportunity to participate in the innovation process. The graph below is an indication that allowing employees to be innovative is a source of motivation.
In order to promote productivity, Mayer should go ahead with her plan to review all new hires to establish their potential and ensure that they will deliver quality work for the organization. In addition, she should ensure that the level of commitment among employees in the company is increased considerably within the organization. To achieve this, employees can be put under performance programs, aimed at assessing their contribution to the performance. Through this program, Yahoo will ensure that only the productive employees are maintained while inefficient ones are eliminated.
The mobile user platform promises great potential for Yahoo and Mayer should consider this as the next business for the organization. This involves identifying the content that mobile users are interested in, and thus work towards tailor-making the internet experience to suit mobile users. Through creating new applications and focusing on social media as a medium for reaching mobile users, Yahoo could transform into a media company that will derive significant gains from the mobile user population. Social media is a particularly fertile ground in reaching mobile users and Yahoo could create content that targets users of popular social sites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest, Reddit, Tumblr, Foursquare, LinkedIn and its photo sharing social media platform Flickr and among others. The traffic created could then be used to sell advertising space, thus earning the company its former glory.
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Topic-: The role leadership plays in shaping an organizational culture.
To prepare:
1. Reflect on leadership and leadership theories. Transformational, Transactional, Situational theories.
2. Begin searching for scholarly references about the relationship between leadership and organizational culture.
3. Reflect on the leadership characteristics and skills that are useful in promoting a healthy organizational culture.
4. Consider the leadership styles that promote a healthy organizational culture.
5. Think about the impact on organizational culture of how a leader responds to specific situations, such as crises.
5. Reflect on how a leader might use power to promote a healthy organizational culture and how a leader can promote ethics in a healthy organization.
The “To prepare” is intended to aid in your reflection upon how the various leadership theories and other topics throughout the organizational leadership course relate to organizational culture.
However, you are free to analyze other facets of the relationship between leadership and organizational culture.
Submit an 8-page comprehensive scholarly analysis of the role leadership plays in shaping an organizational culture.
Your paper must contain ten scholarly resources. These can be a combination of the Learning Resources used throughout this course and new scholarly resources.
Your paper should strictly adhere to the APA Course
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SAMPLE ANSWER
Leaders are very important in running of any organization. They perform different critical organization roles that help in giving a sense of direction to enable an organization attains its long-term goals. Leaders help others in the organization to complete different task amid motivating each and every member to perform better (Tyssen, Wald & Spieth, 2013). Effective leaders often provide the vision and motivation to help attain a particular goal and objective. Many scholars agree with the notion that the definition of leadership is non-trivial in nature and that it depends on the broader conceptions of leadership (Komives, Dugan & Owen, 2011). On the other hand, Organization culture can be termed as a system of shared assumptions, beliefs and values that dictate the way people behave in an organization. The above mentioned shared beliefs have a strong control of the individuals in the organization and often dictate their mode of dress, action and how they perform their duties.
This paper discusses the role leadership plays in shaping the culture of an organization. The paper begins with a reflection on the different leadership and leadership theories, important leadership characteristics, and skills as well as leadership styles that promote a healthy organizational culture. It continues to look at the relationship between organization culture and how a leader responds to specific situations. And finally, how leaders might use the powers bestowed upon them to culture and promote a healthy organizational culture.
Leadership Theories
There are different approaches to leadership. Understanding the different leadership theories can help us to understand the different conceptions concerning leadership and the impact of leadership in an organization. There are quite some leadership theories and conceptions put forward by different scholars over the years.
Transformational Leadership Theory
Transformational leadership is based on the foundations of creating a vision and inspiring change to the people under the leader. In a transformational leadership situation, the leader is held responsible for the role of identifying the needed change (Pless & Maak, 2012). The leader conceptualizes the vision to provide direction and change through inspiration and implementing the change in unison with other committed members of the organization. Transformation leaders help enhance the morale, motivation and job performance of those below him/her by using different mechanisms. The conception of transformational leadership is founded based on the following different components;
Inspirational Motivation: transformation leadership promotes a consistent vision, mission, and goals of the group. Transformational leaders provide direction by coming up with a clear vision and articulating their ideologies to provide a sense of meaning and challenge to their followers (Blomme et al., 2015).
Intellectual Stimulation: Transformational leaders motivate and encourage others to be creative and innovative. Transformational leaders always encourage followers to come up with new ways of doing things and provide leadership opportunities for members to learn. Such leaders are often ready to change their ideas if they found them ineffective.
Individualized consideration: Transformational leaders often offer support and encouragement to individuals. They act as mentors and approve innovation and creativity among group members.
Idealized influence: Transformational leaders are often trusted and respected by their followers. Therefore, they idealize these notions bestowed on them because they often serve as role models. Such leaders often exhibit high standards of moral conduct.
Transactional Leadership Theory
Transactional leadership center of attention is the exchanges between leaders and the group. Transactional leadership is based on the behavioral approach to leadership founded upon a system of rewards and punishments (Tyssen et al., 2013). This system provides a way in which leaders can accomplish organizational goals such as completion of tasks, motivation, supervision and group performance. Leaders focus on the direct behavior of members and their efforts towards achievement of organizational goals, they emphasize on rewards and focus on means to improve organizational efficiency.
Situational Leadership Theory
Situational leadership is founded based on the contingency leadership theoretical framework. This theory suggests that leader’s effectiveness is based on the leader’s character traits about the diverse situational factors (Komives et al., 2011). Therefore, each type of task necessitates different leadership style. Hence, a good leader has to adapt his or her leadership to the specific goals and objectives to be attained in the situation. According to this theory, education, aptitude to take responsibility, and goal setting are imperative for a leader to be successful. The decision made by the leader is based on the leadership style of the leader and the maturity level of the followers. This decision follows dictates the leadership behavior that may include:
Telling: characterized by high leadership style and low supportive behavior of the followers.
Selling: The leader exhibits high leadership style and the follower’s exhibit high, supportive behavior.
Participating: the leader exhibits low leadership style, and the followers have high, supportive behavior.
Delegating: both the leader and followers exhibit low directive and supportive behavior respectively.
Theoretical Concept of the Relationship between Leadership and Organization Culture
Culture is the medium by which an organization expresses its personality to the employees. The key concept of culture is founded based on the values that are not visible but are shared by individuals even when membership of the organization changes (Tsai, 2011). These shared values and norms enable the employees to channel energy on organizational priorities and provide a backbone for behavior and decision-making. An organization requires visionary leadership to drive change and improve organization performance. Some of the core values that define effective leadership include initiation, consideration and charismatic nature of the leader.
There are quite some scholars who researched on the relationship between leadership and organization culture. According to Moynihan et al (2012), leadership and organization, culture is strongly connected and shares a symbiotic relationship. Leaders play an imperative responsibility in shaping and upholding of the organization culture. Leaders mobilize attention towards the new vision. However, it is the organization culture that bestows authenticity on that vision.
According to Norhtouse (2015), great leaders often adjust their leadership behavior to be geared towards accomplishing the mission of the group resulting in motivation and employee satisfaction. A good relationship between leadership and employee result in a greater contribution to organization communication and teamwork. Therefore, motivating and encouraging each of the group members to work towards accomplishing the mission and objective assigned by the organization resulting in job satisfaction.
The functionality of organization culture is also indispensable for business success and development. Management role is also important to organization culture as it determines the leadership style depending on managerial decisions and orientation to internal policies or market policies (Stone, 2012). Leadership styles help influence on managerial decisions and determine employee reactions to such decisions. Leaders are also the communicators of change, they conceptualize vision and oversee the change process towards new and better organization and corporate culture.
Leadership Characteristics and Skills that Promote a Healthy Organization Culture
For leaders to be effective in their role in promoting a healthy organization culture, they should possess certain characteristics that help foster motivation, promote shared values and team spirit and teamwork (Dubrin, 2015). Some of the leadership qualities and skills include;
Passion for their work: Good leaders are often passionate about their work and take it to be their responsibility because of the importance attached. Such leaders motivate the employee to develop into a more productive human resource by sharing the passion and enthusiasm towards work. Appreciating employee’s performance often results in motivation and a healthy organization culture.
Good communication skills: Management ought to utilize open communication channels to create and maintain a positive corporate culture. Leaders ought to communicate effectively with staff at both higher and lower levels in the company. Leaders should be able to explain clearly tasks and project to the staff. On the other hand, they should communicate the importance of the projects to administrators serving as a bridge between different dimensions in the organization (Cummings & Worley, 2014).
Integrity: Leaders must be worthy of trust from their followers. Therefore, leaders should be honest and always striving towards making the right decisions for the company. Integrity in leaders creates an air of trust and help to promote a healthy corporate culture.
Flexible and Adaptable: Leaders should be flexible and adaptable to adapt to changes and situations within the workplace. They should always be ready for change and be able to help his/her followers accept and adapt change.
Decisive: Leaders are always relied upon in organizations to make a decision that are logical, correct and in a quick manner. Leaders should, therefore, understand the different dimension, scope of work, financial constraint and any other important factors that will enable them to make quickly committed and analytical decision.
Leaders Impact to Situations such as crises and Organization Culture
In a situation where an organization is facing serious crises, leadership is essential to help in providing direction through this phase to help attain organizational sustainability. It is paramount that leaders cannot simply repeat practices that have been accepted to be good leadership as this may have led to failures that resulted in crisis or inadequate respond to the crisis (Northouse, 2015). Therefore, leaders should conceptualize the situation and use leadership skills to steer the organization out of the crisis. That is the leader should utilize their cognitive power, available resources and precise strategies to help solve the crisis. It is imperative to note that crises often attract the attention of each and every individual in the organization. Therefore, a leader’s reaction in such a situation communicates much about the organization’s norms, values, and culture (Blomme et al., 2015). Thus, crises situations tend to bring out the core values of the organization and reflect the organization personality. The way in which leaders and other people in the organization respond to crises create new norms, values, and way of working, and reflects on the organization shared values. Crises generate attention and emotional involvement during the entire process. Because of these notions, crises expose deeper values of the group and thus the levels of culture are put into public scrutiny. Therefore, it is up to the leaders in the organization to influence organizational culture to promote strong moral and ethical behavior, and foster the creation of new organizational norms and values (Pless & Maak, 2012). Leaders are looked upon at this point to help in mentoring others, teach and coach the members into working towards solving the crisis in the best manner possible.
Ways in which Leaders Can Use Power to Promote Healthy Organization Culture
Leaders steer the organization using different styles, the level of skill, influence and characteristics. There are different bases of power that can be utilized by leaders to exert their influence. There exist five bases of power that are mostly used by leaders that are, expert, referent, reward, coercive, and legitimate power (Tyssen et al., 2013). Most leaders today believe in the notion that their groups can utilize varying bases of power. Leaders should utilize the bases mentioned above of power even when doing so with respect to servitude and humility. Leaders should seek to establish the moral nature of valuing the opinions of others rather than pushing their ideologies. Such leadership framework promotes ethical frameworks and corporate culture founded on moral high ground.
Quality leaders should instill and promote ethics in healthy organizations. Ethics in the business context can be termed as a company’s attitude and conduct towards stockholders, customers, employees and community as a whole (Komives et al., 2011). Ethical Standards and practices are paramount as it is the fabric that keeps an entity from disintegrating. It is imperative to note that unethical behavior often results in losses and cause problems in the organization and also the entire industry in which the organization operates.
As such, it is critical for organization leaders to instill ethical framework to the organization and on the team by team basis. Leaders can achieve the goals mentioned above by establishing and creating a clear and open communication in the workplace. The management should also diversify the employees amid encouraging team building exercise to promote cohesiveness of the organization. Quality leadership implies that one should be able to monitor internal factors and diagnosing deficiencies in different groups within the organization. Leaders should also be ready to take remedy action that may lead to negative changes in the organization (Tyssen et al., 2013). More than often communication factors may delineate a leader connection activities with team members in terms of managing conflicts, promoting collaboration, coaching and commitment to objectives. Such leadership styles result in overall team effectiveness, organization performance, and organizational health.
References
Tyssen, A. K., Wald, A., & Spieth, P. (2013). Leadership in temporary organizations: a review of leadership theories and a research agenda. Project Management Journal, 44(6), 52-67.
Komives, S. R., Dugan, J. P., & Owen, J. E. (2011). The handbook for student leadership development. John Wiley & Sons.
Pless, N. M., & Maak, T. (2012). Responsible leadership: Pathways to the future. In Responsible Leadership (pp. 3-13). Springer Netherlands.
Blomme, R. J., Kodden, B., & Beasley-Suffolk, A. (2015). Leadership theories and the concept of work engagement: Creating a conceptual framework for management implications and research. Journal of Management & Organization, 21(02), 125-144.
Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. BMC health services research, 11(1), 98.
Moynihan, D. P., Pandey, S. K., & Wright, B. E. (2012). Setting the table: How transformational leadership fosters performance information use. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 22(1), 143-164.
Northouse, P. G. (2015). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage publications.
Stone, K. B. (2012). Four decades of lean: a systematic literature review.International Journal of Lean Six Sigma, 3(2), 112-132.
Dubrin, A. (2015). Leadership: Research findings, practice, and skills. Cengage Learning.
Cummings, T., & Worley, C. (2014). Organization development and change. Cengage learning.
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Inquire what the analyst depends on to make a recommendation. What a strategy the analyst is using. Whether it is an effective basis for evaluating the value of the stock or not.
Inquire if the recommendations adhere to the analysis; in particular based on the formulated forecast
Inquire if the analysis is reasonably consistent. In addition, assess whether ‘good analysis” have been violated or not.
The task of the analysts is developing forecasts so as to make inferences regarding the valuation based on the forecasts. Some analysts are excellent when it comes to forecasting; however they are not competent to convert the forecast to a given valuation as well as a recommendation. On the other hand, other analysts are excellent at collecting data about an organization, but not good at converting such data for forecasting purposes. Moreover, other analysts feel strong regarding a recommendation. However, they do not support such a recommendation with detailed data forecasting or collection (Ohlson, 2005).
In most cases, it always appropriate to inquire about the strategy based on the analyst’s perspective in obtaining a valuation. A bad equity research report will not provide a comprehensible answer to this issue. With respect to Kmart scenario,
What is the analyst using to make a recommendation?
The forecast of the price-earnings ratio (P/E) is imperative to a recommendation. However, there is no clear strategy behind it. The analyst submits average price earnings ratio like she views other discount, retailers. One wonders whether such average multiple is acceptable. The analysts have simply initiated the technique of comparable, something that is not encouraged in stock valuation as it is risky. In addition, the analyst fails to demonstrate how one gets the right profit earnings ratio or if she comprehends what P/E is all about. In the analyst’s estimates, it is clear that profit earnings ratio is inconsistent with other forecasts (Easton, 2003).
Does the recommendation adhere to the analysis?
The present cost is USD 17 per share. According to the analyst’s 2001, Eps forecast of USD 1.41 with a projected profit earnings ratio of 20 gives a projected 2001 cost of USD 28.20. Therefore, the stock return projected for two years based on the current costs of $17 is;
Estimated stock return= (28.20-17.0)/17.0
= 65.9%
As such, the return for two years at 12% p.a is 25.4 percent. Thus, this forecast does undeniably mean a BUY. However, is this analysis logic?
Is the analysis reasonably consistent?
a) The analyst estimates 2001 profit earnings ratio of 20, which generates an estimated cost of $28.20 while estimating a Price-to-book (P/B) ratio that yields an estimated cost of $21.30. These costs are different. The $21.30 cost indicates an estimated return of 25.3% that is needed for the 2 year return. A HOLD is implied.
Estimated return = (21.30-17.0)/17.0
25.3%
b) The Bps estimates are not correct if compared with Eps projections (Ohlson, & Juettner-Nauroth, 2005). It should be that; Bps (2000) = Bps (1999) + Eps (2000) – DPS (2000). Because there are no dividends and shares outstanding demonstrates an estimated stock concerns or even re-acquirements;
Bps (2000) = 12.12 + 1.23 = 13.35 while
Bps (2001) = 13.35 + 1.41 = 14.76
In the event that the estimated Price-to-book ratio in 2001 is used, the cost in 2001 is about $20.37. This cost demonstrates a SELL.
c) The analyst estimates earnings to increase at 6 percent annually after 2001. As a matter of fact when earning are estimated to increase at a lower rate compared to the required return, the earnings yield is higher than required return, and the price-earnings ratio is below the required return. The perception is that, if an organization is to increase its earnings below the required return on cost, the cost will be less per every dollar of earnings compared to if it was to increase at the required return. In that view, the required return is roughly 12 percent; the E/P ought to be higher than the required return while price earnings ratio must be below 9.33. As a result, the analyst estimate of price-earnings ratio at 20 is inconsistent with earnings estimates.
d) The recommendation is inconsistent based on the projection of free cash flow increasing at 6 percent;
VE1999 = (2000 free cash flow/ {required return-growth in FCF})-Debit
= ({632×1.06})/12%-6%)-2,706
= $8,459 or $17.14 /share (for 493.4 million shares)
With the present costs of $17, this analysis demonstrates a HOLD. The cost capital of 12 percent is assumed here for purposes of simplicity. As such, cost capital for operations out to be forecasted.
e) The analysis of estimated earnings indicated a SELL.
2- Year yield= (1.23+1.141)/17.00
=15.53%
There are no dividends for reinvestment; this is because this is below the required 2-year return of about 25.4 percent. Therefore, implying a SELL. Increasing more years of earning at 6 percent cannot change this justification. However, the justification can only change in the event that forecasted change in premium is integrated with the costs in 2001 from the estimated price-earnings ratio of 20, although not with the estimated 2001 price-to-book ratio.
By and large, Kmart share is selling at $17, however, based on the valuation the stock price is lower. In that case, analyst’s recommendation to BUY is not correct since one pays more compared to actual cost. Regardless of the analyst’s suggestion to BUY the shares, the valuation indicated a SELL for Kmart shares (Penman, 2005).
References
Easton, P (2003). “Does the PEG Ratio Rank Stocks According to the Market’s Expected Rate of Return on Equity Capital?” Notre-Dame University,
Ohlson, J& Juettner-Nauroth, B. (2005). “Expected EPS and EPS Growth as Determinants of Value,” Review of Accounting Studies 10.
Ohlson, J. (2005). “On Accounting-Based Valuation Formulae” Review of Accounting Studies 10.
Penman, S. (2005). Discussion of ‘On Accounting-Based Valuation Formulae’ and ‘Expected EPS and EPS Growth as Determinants of Value’,” Review of Accounting Studies 10.
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Have to complete at lease 10 empirical articles in my educational field. I work with children Kinder – Fifth grade.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Diabetes mellitus Annotated Bibliography
Seino, Y., Nanjo, K., Tajima, N., Kadowaki, T., Kashiwagi, A., & Araki, E. et al. (2010). Report of the Committee on the Classification and Diagnostic Criteria of Diabetes Mellitus. Journal Of Diabetes Investigation, 1(5), 212-228.
The article classifies the two types of diabetes mellitus, type 1, and diabetes type. It also discusses the causes of the various types of diabetes mellitus and the factors that are likely to predispose one to diabetes mellitus. In making the distinction type, I am referred to as insulin dependent diabetes mellitus associated with the destruction of pancreatic beta cells while type 2 is associated with lifestyle changes especially obesity.
Reinehr, T. (2013). Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. World Journal Of Diabetes, 4(6), 270.
The article reviews the causes of type two diabetes mellitus in children. Specifically, it looks at the factors that predispose children to diabetes mellitus type 2 since it’s commonly associated with lifestyle changes. It also looks at the methods for treatment of type 2 diabetes as well as management of children suffering from type 2 diabetes.
Ewald, N. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus in chronic pancreatitis. World Journal Of Gastroenterology, 19(42), 7276.
A review is given on chronic pancreatitis. It should be remembered that diabetes type 1 involves the destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas by autoantibodies.in this case methods for detection of type 1 diabetes mellitus are outlined as well as the treatment.
Buchanan, T., Xiang, A., & Page, K. (2012). Gestational diabetes mellitus: risks and management during and after pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinal, 8(11), 639-649.
The article review a different type of diabetes mellitus commonly observed in pregnant women. It is known as gestational diabetes mellitus. It plays an important role in making a woman susceptible to diabetes mellitus type 2. Nutritional effects as wells as the risks associated with gestational diabetes mellitus are reviewed in this article.
Sacks, D., Arnold, M., Bakris, G., Bruns, D., Horvath, A., & Kirkman, M. et al. (2011). Executive Summary: Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Lab Med Online, 1(4), 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3343/lmo.2011.1.4.1
The article looks and compares the different methods that are used to diagnose the different types of diabetes mellitus. Laboratory guidelines and the permitted reference range values of the results are also provided.
Litmanovitch, E. (2015). Short and long-term neurobehavioral alterations in type 1 diabetes mellitus pediatric population. World Journal Of Diabetes, 6(2), 259.
The article reviews the neurological damage that is associated with diabetes mellitus type 1. It also discusses the emerging technology that will assist in reducing the glycemic glucose levels, therefore, reducing the effects of diabetes mellitus, especially to the neural system.
Antonelli, A. (2014). Hepatitis C virus infection and type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. World Journal Of Diabetes, 5(5), 586.
The article identifies the relationship between diabetes mellitus and hepatitis C. the main relationship is associated with viral effects, pro-inflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance in the liver. It also shows how clinical trial conducted on hepatitis c patients has resulted in a decrease in the glucose metabolism providing an important mode of treatment for glycemic patients.
Nauck, M. (2014). Update on developments with SGLT2 inhibitors in the management of type 2 diabetes. DDDT, 1335.
The author discusses the important role that the kidney plays in the maintaining of glucose levels in the body via the sodium glucose transporters type 2. Use of sodium glucose transporters inhibitors reduces the renal reabsorption of glucose, in the long run, decreasing the amount of glucose in the body.
Igwe, M., Uwakwe, R., Ahanotu, C., Onyeama, G., Bakare, M., & Ndukuba, A. (2013). Factors associated with depression and suicide among patients with diabetes mellitus and essential hypertension in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Af Hlth Sci, 13(1). http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v13i1.10
The study was conducted in Nigeria to highlight the effects of diabetes mellitus and hypertension to the normal lives of the people. Basically, two concepts were looked at. The role of diabetes mellitus in causing suicidal and depression in patients.
Eisenbarth, G. (2010). Banting Lecture 2009: An Unfinished Journey: Molecular Pathogenesis to Prevention of Type 1A Diabetes. Diabetes, 59(4), 759-774.
The article discusses the metabolic pathways that are involved in diabetes mellitus specifically carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. It also discusses how this pathway can be used to block the effects of hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients.
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Using feedback from your professor and classmates, revise Part 1 and develop the solution and identify the advantages of the solution. Note: The disadvantages or challenges with your answers will be in Part 3.
Write a six to eight (6-8) page paper in which you:
Provide Part I: Revision of A Problem Exists (3-4 pages)
1. Revise, using feedback from the professor and classmates, your Persuasive Paper Part I: A Problem Exists.
Develop Part 2: Solution to Problem and Advantages (3-4 pages for 6-8 pages total)
2. Include a defensible, relevant thesis statement clearly in the first paragraph. (The thesis statement may need to be modified to reflect added information and purpose of this part.)
3. Explain a detailed, viable solution that supports your thesis. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. State, explain, and support the first advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
5. State, explain, and support the second advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
6. State, explain, and support the third (and fourth if desired) advantage (economic, social, political, environmental, social, equitable, ethical/moral, etc.) to your solution. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
8. Provide a concluding paragraph / transitional paragraph that summarizes the proposed solution and its advantages.
9. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
10. Use one (1) or more rhetorical strategies (ethos, logos, pathos) to explain advantages.
11. Support advantage claims with at least three (3) additional quality relevant references. Use at least six (6) total for Parts 1 and 2. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting guidelines:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
Note: Submit your assignment to the designated plagiarism program so that you can make revisions before submitting your paper to your professor.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Recognize the elements and correct use of a thesis statement.
• Recognize the use of summary, paraphrasing, and quotation to communicate the main points of a text.
• Analyze the rhetorical strategies of ethos, pathos, logos in writing samples and for incorporation into essays or presentations.
• Correct grammatical and stylistic errors consistent with Standard Written English.
• Prepare a research project that supports an argument with structure and format appropriate to the genre.
• Revise drafts to improve clarity, support, and organization. Recognize how to organize ideas with transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
• Incorporate relevant, properly documented sources to substantiate ideas.
• Write clearly and concisely about selected topics using proper writing mechanics.
• Use technology and information resources to research selected issues for this course.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Politics and Leadership in Today’s Society
Introduction
When the name politician is mentioned, we tend to think immediately of a person who holds some honor. On several occasions, we may think they are people who may hold a criminal record. It is common for many politicians to be surrounded by many controversies. When election time comes, they are seen begging for votes among people and trying to change the general public opinion about them. They also give many promises that often give false hopes to the citizens. However, after the election, citizens end up being disappointed with their hopes shattered. The politicians go back to their offices until the next elections (Wald & Calhoun-Brown, 2011). The citizens realize they were right about the political leader. They also realize, however, that political views and socialization can be altered, as it is not permanent. This paper aims to provide solutions the problems associated with politics and politicians. The paper also critically merits of the provided solutions to challenges that are brought about by the political environment. It specifically concentrates on the social, economic and psychological effects of the solution to problems associated with elections and politics in the society. The citizens are most affected by such leaders. It is, therefore, their responsibility to share their opinion with family, classmates, students, colleagues and other members of society.
Rhetoric analysis can be described as a form of criticism that employs the principles of rhetoric to examine the interactions between any text, its author, and an audience. Rhetoric analysis can be applied to almost any kind of text, images, essays, advertisements, photos, poems and even web pages. When applied to any literary works rhetoric analysis changes its perception from esthetic works to an artistically structured instrument of communication.
It is unfair to blame the corruption on the politician alone. The rot is widespread within the hierarchy of leadership and politics. The political hierarchy may consist of an individual who only thinks of how to better the lives of his subjects. The individual is then promoted, and their thinking broadens. They then realize that being merely in that position makes them corrupt. When dealing with the issue of corruption we should first assess our behaviors and thinking. This way we shall have realized that corruption is not in the leadership hierarchy but is within us. Just as murder is punished by death, corruption should also be punished by death (Tate 2010). Corruption handles the misery most people in countries with corrupt leaders suffer. As a result of corruption, most services that are a right for citizens are not offered or are offered badly and inefficiently. The best solution to corruption and embezzlement would be to make the corrupt individuals return all the stolen money. Another workable solution will be to incite the masses to elect out all the leaders and elect fresh faces into political offices. Policies and laws against corruption should be implemented (Bernstein, 2013).
Several questions and thoughts people have been whether they are trying to offend others or if their belief in something is strong. The answers to these questions are targeted on whether or not to hold their tongue in political and democratic debates. The thoughts and speech may be hindered if it will offend someone else or be in vain. This situation, however, falls for people rather than their leaders who in most cases do not care about the repercussions their words will have. A correct form of political correctness is not generalizing an individual as people regardless of their religion, race or even gender. The younger generation today is outspoken and very intelligent. They are more aware of their rights and are less afraid to offend others who may care less. They make all proud as the future of today’s politics has a bright light of hope. Political leaders that will emerge from this generation will be less in control as the electorate will be more aware and outspoken on what they want and require from their leaders. The media and social groups can help pass this information to people who are not politically aware (Tate 2010).
Benefits of implementing the solutions
A close examination of China’s anti-corruption rhetoric gives an indication on how corruption is conceptualized. It also explains how the importance of fighting corruption is put across to the masses and how public visions are inspired. It explains how desired actions are recommended (Bernstein, 2013). A rhetorical perspective, therefore, enables us to understand better the making of China’s anti-corruption policy and its contents. The making of the current anti-corruption policy, however, takes place mainly in the context of reform.it has been well-noted that the market-driven reform since 1978 is accompanied by an increase in cases of corruption. This observation appears in new and complicated ways and reaches unimaginable and moral ways while encouraging people to make more money illegally to enrich themselves. Most officers and members of the political elite are restrained from badly portraying the government’s image by ridiculously trying to make money. Enacting these policies and laws is the most beneficial of all solutions. The laws are permanent and do not favor anyone, for this reason, everyone can be charged with corruption. This solution also encases other solutions that are aimed at fighting corruption (Tate 2010).
The death of all politicians that are corrupt would not the answer to this problem. A suggestion that a more realistic way to punish corrupt politicians was to make them pay back all the money they have embezzled and have their assets frozen. This suggestion would prove efficient as the money would go to more productive activities in the affected economies. There are clear benefits for taking up this solution as there would be visible economic growth from the recovered funds. Having all the politicians ejected and fresh faces elected was also a beneficial solution. It is advantageous, as the new politicians will not have people to encourage them to become corrupt. Ensuring the political system remains free of corrupt individuals would mean that the levels of corruption in the government remain low (Bernstein, 2013).
Conclusion
Some of the solutions have proven to be a difficult task to accomplish. Making of the anti-corruption laws and bill goes through a range of processes each of them symbolized by different ideologies of corruption and fresh policy measures. However, the important goal remains unchanged. Within the steps of making these laws, the rhetorical strategies have also evolved. Changing the political mindset of people is a task aimed at gaining political correctness in society. The media, social groups, and schools can help spread this new and improved mindset to the society. An educated and knowledgeable society makes good political decisions.
References
Bernstein, R. J. (2013) The Abuse of Evil: The Corruption of Politics and Religion since 9/11.Cambridge Polity.
Brownlee, J. (2012). Democracy prevention: The politics of the U.S.-Egyptian alliance. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press.
Rosati, J. A., & Scott, J. M. (2011).The politics of United States foreign policy.Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Using your thesis statement and research, present the problem that needs to be addressed with your proposed solution. Note: Your solution, advantages, and challenges, will be in Parts 2 and 3.
Write a three to four (3-4) page paper in which you:
1. Provide an appropriate title and an interesting opening paragraph to appeal to your stated audience (appeal with logic, ethics, or emotion).
2. Include a defensible, relevant thesis statement in the first paragraph. (Revised from Assignment 2)
3. Describe the history and status of the issue and provide an overview of the problem(s) that need to be addressed. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
4. Explain the first problem (economic, social, political, environmental, complexity, inequity, ethical/moral, etc.) and provide support for your claims. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
5. Explain the second problem (economic, social, political, environmental, complexity, inequity, ethical/moral, etc.). and provide support for your claims. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
6. Explain the third problem (economic, social, political, environmental, complexity, inequity, ethical/moral, etc.) and provide support for your claims. This should be one or two (1-2) paragraphs.
7. Provide a concluding paragraph that summarizes the stated problems and promises a solution.
8. Develop a coherently structured paper with an introduction, body, and conclusion.
9. Use effective transitional words, phrases, and sentences throughout the paper.
10. Support claims with at least three (3) quality, relevant references. Use credible, academic sources available through Strayer University’s Resource Center. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting guidelines:
• Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
• Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
Note: Submit your assignment to the designated plagiarism program so that you can make revisions before submitting your paper to your professor.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
• Recognize the elements and correct use of a thesis statement.
• Recognize the use of summary, paraphrasing, and quotation to communicate the main points of a text.
• Analyze the rhetorical strategies of ethos, pathos, logos in writing samples and for incorporation into essays or presentations.
• Prepare a research project that supports an argument with structure and format appropriate to the genre.
• Recognize how to organize ideas with transitional words, phrases, and sentences.
• Incorporate relevant, properly documented sources to substantiate ideas.
• Write clearly and concisely about selected topics using proper writing mechanics.
• Use technology and information resources to research selected issues for this course.
Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Politics and Leadership in Today’s Society
Introduction
When the name politician is mentioned, we tend to think immediately of a person who holds some honor. On several occasions, we may think they are people who may hold a criminal record. It is common for many politicians to be surrounded by many controversies. When election time comes, they are seen begging for votes among people and trying to change the general public opinion about them. They also give many promises that often give false hopes to the citizens. However, after the election, citizens end up being disappointed with their hopes shattered. The politicians go back to their offices until the next elections (Wald & Calhoun-Brown, 2011). The citizens realize they were right about the political leader. They also realize, however, that political views and socialization can be altered, as it is not permanent. This paper aims to study the problems associated with politics and politicians. The paper also critically evaluates the challenges that are brought about by the political environment. It specifically concentrates on the social, economic and psychological effects of elections and politics in the society.
The thinking process of politicians is no different from ours as they have come from among us. This statement provides the first major problem associated with politics. Citizens tend to think that politicians have a special way of thinking. They are questioned by quotes from a thinker like Tom Stoppard, who said that democracy is not in the voting but rather in the counting (Brownlee, 2012). Alexis de Tocqueville once said that the health of democracy in a society is measurable by the constitutional functions performed by individual citizens. This way we shall have realized that corruption is not in the leadership hierarchy but is within us (García, 2009). Politicians have played a big role in making citizens believe that they have a different thinking process than themselves. This challenge is psychological and is the hardest to eliminate in the society.
Political correctness usually fails the freedom of speech granted by the first amendment to the constitution. The main problem with this stand is that people often overlook their position to be politically correct. It is impossible to speak our minds openly if we are not willing to offend others. People usually think of ways that may end up hurting or offending others even if they don’t intend to cause any harm. It may seem like people today think of various ways in a manner that nitpick offensive things to others. These offensive ways may be in terms of pictures, speech or even billboards that may be termed by people as offensive. Citizens should have the ability to speak freely without any discrimination. They should also be able to think in a free manner without the concern of being politically correct. There is a very large disparity between being a good, fair, caring person, and being what others call being politically correct. It is a common belief that people are caring and, therefore, cannot intentionally want to hurt each other. However even, the most caring person will at some point end up offending someone from their point of view. The result of people being so frightened of being politically incorrect is them not being able to think or speak freely. The questions of what will happen to democracy and political openness will then arise (Rosati & Scott, 2011).
Several questions and thoughts people have been whether they are trying to offend others or if their belief in something is strong. The answers to these questions are targeted on whether or not to hold their tongue in political and democratic debates. The thoughts and speech may be hindered if it will offend someone else or be in vain. This situation, however, falls for people rather than their leaders who in most cases do not care about the repercussions their words will have. A correct form of political correctness is not generalizing an individual as people regardless of their religion, race or even gender. The younger generation today is outspoken and very intelligent. They are more aware of their rights and are less afraid to offend others who may care less. They make all proud as the future of today’s politics has a bright light of hope. Political leaders that will emerge from this generation will be less in control as the electorate will be more aware and outspoken on what they want and require from their leaders (Storey, 2010).
The second major challenge is the existence and influence of political parties. From the very beginning of political affiliations, political parties have been a controversial factor in the society. Political parties have in equal measure strengthened and weakened many countries and their political framework. They have taken part in many negative purposes as they are aimed at shifting political focus in countries (Rosati & Scott, 2011).By taking an example of the American political landscape, there was a huge debate on the first couple of political parties, the Federalists, and the Anti-Federalists. After the ratification of the Constitution and under the leadership of Thomas Jefferson, the Anti-Federalist changed their name to Democratic-Republicans. However, the Federalist Party ended soon after the 1812 war. The Democratic-Republicans began to argue over policies. These arguments led to the defection of Andrew Jackson and his sympathizers forming the Democrats. Those against Andrew Jackson and his policies formed the Whigs. Policies on slavery ended the Whig party, and the Republican Party was formed. Republicans were anti-slavery whereas the Democrats were pro-slavery. The two parties had people with different ideologies and objectives and have battled since then in American elections. Both have had an equal share in the leadership of the country through Congress representation and the presidency (Brownlee, 2012).
Corruption is an endemic issue in developing countries around the world. Incidences of social unrest that have been fuelled by recent protests have resulted for the calls to end impunity. Many social and public officers have been linked to being the main perpetrators of incidences of corruption. The fight against corruption led by the government has been limited to a rhetorical approach has proved to be a little lukewarm and has only managed to control specific social groups. When talking about tackling corruption in developing countries, the issue is often limited to words. It has involved the design and implementation of institutions that have increased bureaucracy has resulted in solved nothing (Rosati & Scott, 2011). During Mexico’s presidential transition, Enrique Peña, and his team put forward a reform initiative that had in mind creating a National Anti-Corruption Commission. However, this institution has not been implemented. While the initiative remains inactive in Congress since last February, it has not been supported by the presidency. Instead, President Peña seems to have the idea that corruption is a cultural issue, as he stated a few weeks something that would perhaps explain his lack of enthusiasm for implementing his proposal. The truth is that the present situation requires not only the three branches of government to act, but to do so in a blunt and convincing way. Given the current credibility of institutions, this will be a massive challenge (Storey, 2010).
Conclusion
It can be stated that political leadership and representation is centered in democracy. Based on political leadership, most citizens have their opinions towards politicians and political parties. The influence of political parties is a major challenge, as people tend to affiliate themselves with them rather than the leaders the society needs to represent their needs. Corruption is the biggest challenge that comes with politics. The thinking process and political correctness of the citizens influence the type of leaders in the society. Solutions for these challenges have been found and are being advanced in some of the most affected areas.
References
Brownlee, J. (2012). Democracy prevention: The politics of the U.S.-Egyptian alliance. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press.
Garcia, B. L. (2009). Latino politics.Cambridge: Polity.
Rosati, J. A., & Scott, J. M. (2011). The politics of United States foreign policy.Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
Storey, W. (2010). US government and politics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
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