If you check on my profile i have 2 different orders. the 1st one is before and the 2nd one is After 1970.just wanted to clarified that detail in case two different people are doing it.
I’m instructed to watch a movie and create a movie review from a musical perspective.
I’m supposed to describe how music flows in the movie, describe the characteristics of the music in the movie, mention any famous themes in the movie, any leitmotifs, what type of instruments were used, or mention any famous music authors of the movie.
THESE ARE THE INSTRUCTIONS OF MY PROFESSOR.
Project: Discuss the role of music in a single film created in 1970 or AFTER
Length: 3-pages
You can choose any film even if it is discussed in the text. You are not limited to Hollywood films, as international films are acceptable. Films are available at the library media center if you do not have access to a work. A bibliography is not needed; use footnotes only when appropriate. Please follow the same submission guidelines as for the exam essays.
Remember: This project is about music. Do not spend much time in plot description. You do not need to write about all of the music in a film. You can choose a point of view or some aspect of the music in the movie and focus on that.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The Role of Music in the Single Moms Club
The Single Moms Club is one of the comedy-drama movies in the American film industry released in 2014. Similar to other films directed by Tyler Perry, his unsubtle nature is evident through the embedded themes and artistic approaches used to enhance the relationship between the characters and the targeted audience. The characters are brought together by an incidence in a preparatory school, which their children attend[1]. As part of the institution’s regulations, the five single parents have to organize a fundraising ceremony. In the process, they realize that they have similar problems perpetrated by their comparable social life. Despite the differences in their social classes, they strive to offer support to each other by initiating a single moms club. By effectively manipulating the emotions of the viewers, this movie aims at promoting certain desirable values within various social frameworks. One of the suitable artistic tactics used by the director of this film entails the careful incorporation of music. Christopher Young is responsible for the music in this film. Owing to the essence of music in a movie, this paper will highlight the role of this artistic tactic in The Single Moms Club. This will entail the flow of music in this film as well as the characteristics of the integrated songs. This will aid in relating the music and themes in this movie.
There is limited use of music in this film. However, Tyler Perry and Christopher Young have collaborated in incorporating specific songs in different scenes of the movie. The dissimilar songs are effective in creating a specific mood and triggering particular emotions among the audience depending on the intentions of the director in setting a flowing storyline. For instance, at the beginning of the film’s plot, the compositions are generally soft and calm. One of the key reasons of integrating this type of songs in the initial scenes of the film is to set a mood among the audience that highlights the problems faced by the five single parents. This is evident when Hillary is confronted by her daughter. The young girl asks her, “Why do you always make people leave us?” [2]The background music not only shows the psychological effect of these assertions on Hillary but it also aids in creating a sad and sympathetic mood and the relevant emotions among the audience. The sad mood triggered by the peaceful background music changes to a vibrant and lively atmosphere when the five single mothers start benefiting from the emotional support provided by the newly created single moms club. After May proposes that they take turns to babysit the children while the rest of the group goes out o have fun, the background music shows the relaxed nature of the characters as they try to forget about their predicaments in life. When Lytia, Hillary, Jan, and Esperanza go to an entertainment club, the embedded music is effective in changing the mood and emotions exhibited by the audience[3].
There are certain distinct characteristics of the music embedded in this film. One such trait entails rhythm. Rhythm focuses on the pace, beat, and the evident pattern of weak or strong beats. In this movie, the director uses these components of rhythm to create the right mood with reference to the embedded themes. In addition, the music integrated in differ scenes of this film exhibits sound fidelity. This refers to the capability of the incorporated sound to be authentic to its source as conceived by the targeted audience. For instance, in this movie, the background music playing when the single mothers go to an entertainment joint concurs with the entire event. These characteristics are defined by certain noteworthy instruments. Various scenes have music composed by use of different instruments depending on the mood and the emotions it seeks to trigger among the audience. For example, when May reunites with her son and enters in a romantic relationship with TK, one can easily note the piano in the song playing in the background[4]. The softness of the resultant melody creates an atmosphere filled with love and calmness. In contrast, drums and a saxophone are some of the key musical instruments used to compose a melody in the scene at an entertainment joint. This initiates a lively and relaxed atmosphere. Through the created mood, the audience relates with the characters as they acquire a new sense of life away from their problems.
In line with the general role of music in a film, there are various themes enhanced by this artistic tactic. One such theme is societal discrimination. The problems faced by the five women in this movie are somewhat due to the fact that they are not in a stable romantic relationship. Accordingly, the outside society does not understand their predicaments and make it hard for them to cope with their challenges due to the evident alienation. In addition, love is a theme enhanced by the embedded soft melodies. Despite the challenges they have been facing in their social life, it is obvious that the five main characters are hopeful of finding loving partners.
Work Cited
Perry, Tyler, Matt Moore, Ozzie Areu, Nia Long, Amy Smart, Cocoa Brown, Ryan Eggold, Zulay Henao, William Levy, Wendi McLendon-Covey, Terry Crews, Christopher Young, Maysie Hoy, and Alexander Gruszynski. The Single Moms Club. , 2014.
[1] View The Single Moms Club for a comprehension of the plot
[2] View the initial scenes of The Single Moms Club to understand the plot
[3] The mid scenes of the film highlights the role of music in setting the mood and triggering emotions
[4] The final scenes of the film highlight the relationship between music and the plot with reference to the embedded mood and emotions
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Apply reflective practice, critical thinking and analysis in health
Apply reflective practice, critical thinking and analysis in health
Order Instructions:
Total 17 questions
60-80 words per question
Harvard style referencing
SAMPLE ANSWER
Apply reflective practice, critical thinking and analysis in health
Functions of Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA)
The board plays various roles in ensuring that nurses execute their roles well. One of the roles is to register nurses and midwifery practitioners as well as students. This registration allows the board to have a clear picture of the nursing professional to ensure that they deliver better services. The board as well has the responsibilities of developing codes, standards and guidelines for the nurses and midwifery professions. It also handles various complaints, notifications, and investigations and hears disciplinary cases (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia, (NMBA), 2014). The board assesses oversees trained health practitioners that have an interest to working in Australia. Lastly, the board approves accreditation standards as well as courses of study.
Use of National Competency Standards for the Enrolled Nurse
These national competency standards are critical in helping to assess the performance of the registered nurses to establish whether they are competent enough to execute their responsibilities. These standards provide a framework to assess these nurses competence to determine whether they qualify to be retained or dismissal from their responsibilities. The standards as well assess nurses with education overseas that seek to work in Australia, assess them when they return to work after breaks in the service and whether the nurses comply with the professional codes of conduct (Nursing National Competency Standards 2013).
Professional codes and guidelines an Enrolled Nurse need to follow to ensure legal ethical practices adherence.
Nurses must adhere to professional codes and guidelines when executing their responsibilities. This aims to ensure that they provide quality care to their patients. Some of the professional codes include, respect and treatment of all the clients, trust, privacy and confidentiality, autonomy, duty of care and public liability among many others (Dekking, Van der Graaf & van Delden 2014). Nurses must ensure that they preserve the privacy of the patients. They as well must act with diligent to save the lives of the patients (Nursing National Competency Standards 2002). Nurses are also expected to respect their patients, colleagues and the family members as they execute their services to the patients.
Nurse theories of any three of the following nursing theorists
Various theorists have developed different nursing theories. For instance, Florence Nightingale developed Environmental theory; Virginia Henderson developed Need Theory while Dorothea Orem developed self-care theory.
The benefits of the shift from hospital training (the student nurse as an apprentice) to the tertiary sector Diploma for Enrolled Nurse and Bachelor Degree for Registered Nurses education
This shift is very beneficial because it has allowed the nurse practitioners to acquire in-depth knowledge and skills about the professional. Theories define how practical are carried out. Therefore, by requiring the enrolled nurse to purse diplomas and degree it gives them a very firm foundation about the nursing settings. Furthermore, this shift as well orients the nurse practitioners to different environments (Bogaert, Clarke, & Willems & Mondelaers 2013). They can learn socialization skills and other valuable skills in colleagues which they may not learn at the hospital setting. Furthermore, students at colleges and university as well participate in practical and are required to go for an attachment in a health facility where they gain more practical skills that help them to become experienced and competent when they are recruited.
4 contemporary work environments enrolled Nurse could work in
Enrolled nurses can work in various environments provided they have appropriate skills to execute their duties in those environments. One of the work environments is at the health facility. They can render their services in the health facility that provides various nursing services to patients (Cleary et al., 2012). They can as well work as administrators in a health facility. They help to formulate policies and make decisions pertaining to healthcare. The other setting is online where they provide advices and counseling services to the patients (Huddleston 2014). They can as well through online prescribe medication to the patients. This is facilitated by information technology such as internet and telephones. Another environment is to work with the community to provide preventive healthcare as well as curative care to the members of the community.
Description of models of delivering nursing care and likely setting for each
Task oriented (functional nursing) models of delivering nursing care
This model allows the nurse practitioners to handle the tasks they have specialized in. This ensures that appropriate nurses that have special knowledge attend to certain patients with specific needs (Cann & Gardner 2012). This model is applied in various departments in the hospital setting. For instance, nurses that deal with children are assigned in the pediatric department because they have the requisite skills to execute their responsibilities.
Team nursing
Team nursing model requires that nurses work as a team to address a problem. These are tasks that cannot be executed by a single nurse and therefore, participation is important to delivering successful nursing (Cann & Gardner 2012). Example where this model is applied in medical wards and surgery wards.
Client assignment
This model provides insights on how nurses are expected to deal with their clients at the health facilities. This model is applied in general health setting, as nurse must understand how to get along with various clients.
Primary nursing
Primary nursing model of delivering nursing is geared at preventing diseases to enhance better healthcare (Cann & Gardner 2012). Nurses using this model work with the community members to control health care. They as well work in school setting to help create awareness about various diseases to help the community members adopt measures to prevent their spread.
Attributes of critical thinking
Critical thinking involves many attributes. Critical thinkers evaluate various sources of information before making any conclusions (Nashville State Community College 2014). They assess arguments and statements and have a sense of curiosity. They examine beliefs, opinions, and assumptions and weigh them against facts (Bardach 2011). They are good listeners and make judgment after accessing to facts.
What are best practice guidelines?
Best practice guidelines are processes or techniques used as benchmarks to ensure that quality standard set are met. Best practices must have been tested and shown some sense of consistency in their outcomes to be relied upon and applied in other settings to help improve the quality standards (Gitau, Gburek & Jarrett 2005).
Some of the cultural and religious considerations for nursing practice
There are a number of cultural and religious considerations for nursing practices. Nursing must therefore understand these considerations to provide quality care to the patients. Some of the cultural considerations, includes, the cultural beliefs and norms of the community such as their attitude to treatment, their behaviors in line with accessibility to healthcare. Some cultures or communities embrace traditional forms of medication and it becomes difficult to convince them to go to hospitals (Stone, Stone-Romero & Lukaszewski, 2007). Religious considerations include the faith of the patient, their doctrine and their approach to health. Different religious affiliation should different views when it comes to health and healing processes. For instance, Christians provide support to the sick through prayers and visitation
Benefits of performance appraisal processes and practices
Performance appraisal processes and practices have various benefits. One of them is allows the supervisors and employee to share on various aspects that can be addressed o help foster productivity (Macmillan, Huddleston, Woolley & Fothergill 2003). They as well help to determine whether the goals set have been achieved. They also encourage better future performance. Appraisals, as well motivates employees as it allows recognition of those that have excelled in their duties (Gitau, Gburek & Jarrett 2005. It also provides insights on the need to training and development of employees to trigger high productivity (Maley & Kramar 2007).
Evidence based practice (EBP) in nursing
EBP is practice that focus on critical thinking as well as outcomes. Nurses are expected to use their academic knowledge and research information and incorporate it into the real world settings to gain insights and understanding of how to apply it in patient situations, nurses therefore need to look for quality improved data and expert opinions to meet the needs of their patients.
What the term ‘Reflective practice’ mean?
Reflective practice is where practitioners evaluate their decisions with facts before relying on it. They must understand the consequences of their decisions or actions when delivering health care to patients. This therefore, helps to enhance quality of healthcare as precautions are taken to avoid unexpected consequences or results.
What is quality improvement and accreditation in health
Quality improvement in health care is initiatives undertaken to ensure positive health outcomes. This process involves carrying out correction measures on all the systems to ensure that quality healthcare is provided. Some of the initiatives includes, providing enough equipment and good facilities in healthcare, training and recruiting of skilled and experienced health providers among many others (Goldfield Institute of Technology 2014). Accreditation in healthcare is getting certified by independent institutions as having met all the requirement to deliver quality healthcare. To be accredited, a health facility and practitioners must meet the minimum requirements.
What are some of the age and gender related issues for nursing practice?
Age and gender related issues for nurse practice includes, the required age for an individual to join nursing professional and the recommended retirement date. Gender issues have been experienced in various parts of the world. Most of the societies have been adamant to allow male join nursing profession as it is viewed as a women profession. This perceptions and stereotypes have as well affected the number of people that have joined the profession.
List of National Law Acts for each state/Territory under which nursing is practiced
In Australia there are six states managed by a premier. Every state has got its own constitutions and can make legislations and laws pertaining to health and nursing practices. The six states include South Australia, Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and Western Australia (Australia Health Practitioner Regulation Agency, (AHPRA) 2014). As well, ten territories in Australia have passed various legislations pertaining to nursing practice and health care with the aim of promoting and improving healthcare in general. These laws in most cases have similarities. They define the professional codes of conduct of nurses and other laws governing the practice of nursing in quest to promote quality healthcare (Queensland 2014).
Discuss educational and career opportunities for Enrolled/Division 2 nurses
Those nurses enrolled for division 2 nurses have an opportunity to pursue a diploma. They are trained on nursing practices that makes them eligible to assist registered nurses to execute their duties in healthcare. They can monitor a patient vital signs administer medications, dress wounds, admit and discharge patients and assist doctor in theater with various medical procedures. These division 2 nurses have an opening to further their career in nursing. They can advance in this field by pursuing higher education as they gain experience in the hospitals.
Bardach, E 2011, A Practical Guide for Policy Analysis: The Eightfold Path to More Effective Problem Solving. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Bogaert, P, Clarke, S, Willems, R,&Mondelaers, M 2013, ‘Nursepractice environment, workload, burnout, job outcomes, and quality of care in psychiatric hospitals: a structural equation model approach’, Journal of Advanced Nursing, Vol. 69 no. 7, pp. 1515-1524.
Cann, T, & Gardner, A 2012, ‘Change for the better: An innovative Model of Care delivering positive patient and workforce outcomes’, In Collegian, vol. 19 no. 2, pp. 107-113.
Dekking, S, Van der Graaf, R, & van Delden, J 2014, ‘Strengths and weaknesses of guideline approaches to safeguard voluntary informed consent of patients within a dependent relationship’, BMC Medicine. Vol. 12 no. 1, pp. 1-31
Gitau, M, Gburek, W, & Jarrett, A 2005, ‘A tool for estimating best management practice effectiveness for phosphorus pollution control’, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation vol. 60, pp. 1-10.
Goldfield Institute of Technology, 2014. Diploma of nursing (Enrolled/Division 2 nursing). Retrieved from: http://www.goldfields.wa.edu.au/courses/nursing,- education-and-community-services/nursing-and-aged-care/diploma-of-nursing- %28enrolleddivision-2-nursing%29/
Macmillan, J, Huddleston, T, Woolley, M, & Fothergill, K 2003, ‘Best management practice development to minimize environmental impact from large flow-through trout farms’, Aquaculture. Vol. 226, pp. 91-99.
St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility will employ Results-based approaches (programs) that are defined using the fundamental concepts of the results chain – also known as the logical framework. In this framework, inputs are used in carrying out activities in order to produce outputs and thereby achieve outcomes. St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility Results-based approaches will bring together expenditures with a shared objective, the core of which is a common outcome which those expenditures are intended to achieve. Thus, for example, a preventive health program – internal to the facility, brings together a diverse range of outputs all of which aim at the outcome of the prevention of disease and injury. These outputs might include anti-diabetes television ads; antismoking pamphlets distributed in public health facilities.
St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility result based budget concepts are groups of outputs. This means grouping together all the activities that individually contribute to a particular intended common outcome. St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility could adopt a vocational educational program for some of the beneficiaries’ children that would offer a vehicle bringing together vocational educational benchmarks (public assistance for small businesses and formal training). It is hoped this will down the road bring will guarantee the facility quality labor for the economy (the by-product).
It is possible for result-based budgets to include outputs in addition to specific transfer payments that were incurred in pursuit of St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility objectives. The outcomes herded together under a particular umbrella have the desired outcome as a common characteristic in addition to the desired avenue or specific focus group. A result-based budget will thus define a group of unique St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility outcomes and or transfer payments that show a clear common preplanned and pursued outcome together. This is assumed to happen within the confines of a group exhibiting common characteristic like a single target client group.
Within the budgeting system of St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility, subprograms will also be result based. St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility subprograms will be those that represent increasingly growing disaggregated groupings of outcomes within the parameters. Within St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility a preventive health program would bring together a very diverse and wide variety of services and programs targeted at preventive health. As a result of this, subprograms will organize the services into a few specific types.
Why chose result-based budgeting as opposed to activity-based budgeting?
The choice between result-based budget and an activity-based budget is based on value attached to outcomes and processes. In this case, an outcome will include a service or good that is delivered by St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility to an external party, whereas an activity is a specific type of work process performed in the production of an outcome.
Getting classification becomes critical since great care must be employed to avoid incidences where activity-based programs could be mistaken with results-based programs. At St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility distinguishing between the outcomes and processes will be deemed achieved if the services offered between ministries – training human capital from a department, are seen as processes rather than outcomes. Within the confines of St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility, shared common services – support services, will be considered as outcomes since they also cater to internal rather that an external stakeholders.
The logic of insisting that support services are not outputs can be seen more clearly if we remind ourselves that an “output” is the equivalent of a private sector company’s “product.” In the private sector context, where products are sold to customers, the distinction between products and support services is very clear.
For St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility, the inclusion of a budget item will be a clear indication that the support program. A support program will cover all St. Dimas Assisted Living Facility support services. Despite championing for a result-based budget, the program structure does adopt an activity-based approach. Despite opposition, it is now the common practice world-over to treat support programs as significant when classifying the program with increasing support for the adoption of this strategy. This confirms that support programs are not components in a result-based budget. However, under GAPP, support programs are exempted thus they should be considered as result-based.
To keep these exceptions to the minimum, and to avoid unnecessary or even wholesale departures from the principle of results-based budgeting, it is crucial to explicitly recognize these distinctions and to be clear about why they are necessary. It is important to remember in result-based budgeting, Programs and subprograms should to the maximum possible extent be results-based, grouping together outputs with a common intended outcome. This principle should be departed from only in specific cases with clear justification.
References
Anderson, L. O., & Forest Products Laboratory (U.S.). (2002). Wood-frame house construction. New York ; Hong Kong: Books for Buisiness.
Heldman, K. (2011). Project management jumpstart. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Lu, W., Zhang, L & Pan, J (2014) Identification and Analyses of Hidden Transactions Costs in Project Dispute Resolutions, International Journal o f Project Management, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 25-52
Schwalbe, K. (2009). Introduction to project management. Boston, Mass: Course Technology.
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HYPERTENSION
In clinical settings, advanced practice nurses frequently use various strategies to treat and manage patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. These strategies often include pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, natural remedies, and/or changes in patient behavior. For hypertension patients, behavioral changes including increased exercise, healthier diet, and smoking cessation have proven to be particularly beneficial. However, it is important to recognize that treatment and management plans centered around changes in behavior often require greater patient commitment. This creates the need for patient-provider collaboration, as well as appropriate patient education. When patients are actively involved in their own care and better understand implications of their disorders, they are more likely to adhere to treatment plans.
To prepare:
• Review Part 11 of the Buttaro et al. text and the National Heart Lung Blood Institute article in this week’s Learning Resources.
• Reflect on your Practicum Experiences and observations. Select a case from these experiences that involves a patient who presented with a hypertension problem. When referring to your patient, make sure to use a pseudonym or other false form of identification. This is to ensure the privacy and protection of the patient.
• Think about the patient’s history including drug treatments and behavioral factors such as diet, exercise, smoking, etc.
• Review the National Heart Lung Blood Institute article in the Learning Resources. Reflect on health promotion strategies for the patient. Consider ways to reinforce hypertension management.
Post on or before Day 3
1) A description of a patient who presented with a hypertension problem during your Practicum Experience.
2) Explain the patient’s history including drug treatments and behavioral factors.
3) Then, suggest two health promotion strategies for the patient.
4) Include suggestions for reinforcing hypertension management.
Readings/ Required Reference Resources
• Buttaro, T. M., Trybulski, J., Polgar Bailey, P., & Sandberg-Cook, J. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
o Part 11, “Evaluation and Management of Cardiovascular Disorders” (pp. 487–611)
This part explores diagnostics of cardiovascular disorders, including how to differentiate between normal and abnormal test results. It also examines how patient history and physical exams contribute to differential diagnoses for cardiovascular disorders.
• National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2002). Primary prevention of hypertension: Clinical and public health advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/hbp/pphbp.pdf
this article reviews factors that impact the patient education of hypertension. Hypertension prevention and intervention methods are also explored.
Optional Resources
• American Heart Association. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2012, from http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/
• Drugs.com. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2012, from www.drugs.com
• Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2012, from http://www.ismp.org/
• Million Hearts. (n.d.). Retrieved November 28, 2012, from http://millionhearts.hhs.gov/index.html
• WebMD. (2012). Medscape. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/
SAMPLE ANSWER
High Blood Pressure is a cardiovascular disorder that needs good treatment and management plan. This plan needs a patient-provider collaboration. It is important for the patient to have appropriate education and great commitment to the treatment and management plan. Different strategies can be used to give better results in the management of the condition to the comfort of the patient. Alongside the plan, patient’s behavioral changes can particularly yield good results in management of the condition. These include increased exercises, eating a healthy diet, and avoiding smoking. Two approaches are recommended for the treatment and management of Hypertension. Pharmacologic therapy approach is much dependent on standards set by government agencies and professional associations like the American Heart Association while non-pharmacologic therapy deal with patient’s behavioral change (Buttaro &Trybulski, 2013).
Mr. Lewis’scase
During my Practicum one patient, Mr. Lewis aged 55 years (not his real name) came for observation after having breathing difficulties. Going through the patient’s file revealed that indeed he has had this condition for about two years. A closer observation gave further evidence to confirm my worries. Mr. Lewis was overweight as he had a BMI of 28/m2, BP at 150 mm Hg and a waist circumference of 130 cm, way above the recommended (NHLBI, 2002).
He has been experiencing unusual fatigue for the last two years. Overweight people experience breathlessness when performing a task, yet unknown to them it might be a symptom of hypertension. Other symptoms of hypertension include chest pain, blood in urine, severe headache, vision problem, irregular heartbeat and pounding in the chest (Medscape 2014).
Mr. Lewis was a smoker, had poor eating habits and exercised less. Perhaps he could not remember the last time he was in a gym. Mr. Lewis has not been on any serious medication.
This condition meant that I had to put him on immediate treatment and management of his condition. At an early stage, BP can be managed by lifestyle modifications and low combination of thiazide diuretic and an ACE inhibitor as recommended by American Heart Association and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention algorithm (Medscape, 2014). He responded well and within a week I reviewed his condition with remarkable results. His condition was stage 1 hypertension that needed more of lifestyle modification than drugs treatment. Fatigue levels reduced drastically and the congestion in his chest was notably down.
Two health promotion strategies for the patient (Mr. Lewis)
Mr. Lewis can do better by exercising regularly and eating healthier. Losing weight helps prevent hypertension. He needs to eat a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, free or law fat milk products and adequate intake of minerals like potassium, calcium, and magnesium. He needs to reduce sodium chloride intake in his diet too (Medscape, 2014).Smoking affects the quality of oxygen that one gets in the bloodstream. Mr. Lewis should stop smoking and go for aerobics to help burn the fats in his body.
High Blood Pressure Management
Hypertension needs to be managed as it is a serious health challenge. It increases the risk for diabetes and is very fatal in pregnancy. It can lead to a higher risk of stroke, renal disease and poor vision.. Treatment is best recommended for younger patients as a management plan with maxima doses depending on disease’s status and progression. At an early stage, change in lifestyle is the best way to manage high blood pressure (Medscape, 2014).
References
Buttaro, T M., Trybulski, J., Polgar BP., & Sandberg, CJ. (2013). Primary care: A collaborative practice (4th Ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Part II, “Evaluation and Management of Cardiovascular Disorders” pp 486- 611)
National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. (2002). Primary prevention of hypertension: Clinical and publichealth advisory from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Retrieved from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/heart/hbp/pphbp.pdf on 13th Dec. 2014.
Meena, SM., Kamran R., & David GH. (2014). Treatment and Management of Hypertension. Medscape medical journal. Edited by David JM. Retrieved from http://www.medscape.com/ on 13th Dec. 2014.
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Prepare for this Discussion by choosing a leader you know and admire. Ideally this will be someone in public health, but it may be a leader in another sector such as business, academia, or health care. Reflect on what you have discovered about him or her in light of the leadership traits and styles you learned about this week.
The purpose of this interview is to discover this person’s “leadership story.” That is, you should ask them how they got where they are, what they value, and any other questions you think would help you identify their strengths and assets as leaders and any challenges they overcame. To help you formulate your interview questions, review this week’s Learning Resources, including the video program on Leadership Models.
Answer the following Questions:
1. Describe the strengths or assets that public health leaders in general need for success in leading in this field, and explain why these attributes are necessary.
2. Briefly describe the leader you interviewed and why you chose him or her.
3. What are the most important lessons you learned about leadership from this interview?
4. To what degree does he or she demonstrate the attributes of effective public health leaders?
Article:
1. George, B., Sims, P., McLean, A., & Mayer, D. (2007). Discovering your authentic leadership. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 1291-1338.
This article discusses leadership traits and characteristics. It focuses on “authentic” leadership and how leaders developed their leadership abilities.
2. Ancona, D., Malone, T. W., Orlikowski, W. J., & Senge, P. M. (2007). In praise of the incomplete leader. Harvard Business Review, 85(2), 92-100.
This article discusses the analysis of four believed criteria found in all good leaders: sense making, relating, visioning, and inventing. Case studies representing best practices and utilization of each factor are reviewed.
3. Quinn, R. (2005). Moments of greatness. Harvard Business Review, 83(7/8), 740-83.
This article outlines Robert Quinn’s fundamental state of leadership theory. By achieving maximum leadership performance, leaders place themselves in a zen-like or maximum realm of productivity. Once the state is exited, leaders inadvertently have the ability to increase the overall performance of all those in contact with the effort.
4. Goleman, D. (2000). Leadership that gets results. Harvard Business Review, 78(2), 78–90.
This article discusses newly identified field research indicating that effective leaders establish and master a multifaceted approach to leadership to be effective. The six styles of leadership discussed in this article are: coercive, authoritative, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, and coaching.
Please apply the Application Assignment Rubric when writing the Paper.
I. Paper should demonstrate an excellent understanding of all of the concepts and key points presented in the texts.
II. Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other sources, and discerning ideas.
III. Paper should be well organized, uses scholarly tone, follows APA style, uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with doctoral level writing style.
IV. Paper should be mostly consistent with doctoral level writing style.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Leaders need strengths and assets for success in leading their fields. These attributes are crucial as they differentiate them from others and set them apart from the ordinary to extra-ordinary people. Born in Stowe and started out his first business venture as a student paper, Richard Branson is a remarkable role model to millions. As a school dropout at the age of 16 and from a humble beginning, Richard grew to become a prominent and one of the most sought after entrepreneurs and leaders of our times. Being the figurehead of Virgin Atlantic airways, he is the mind behind more than 200 different businesses linked to the title virgin group (Dearlove, 2007).
Richard Branson is a charismatic and transformational leader in every aspect. He is visionary, an agent of change and loves investing in people. For him, people are the greatest assets and it is for the value he has placed on people that they have greatly rewarded him.
The most important lessons I learnt about his leadership from this interview is that leadership is inborn. You can mould leaders but cannot make them like George et al. (2007). The most successful leaders are transformational leaders like Branson. They posses wisdom and capabilities beyond studies that drive them to excel in all they put their mind to do.
Branson demonstrates the attributes of an effective public leader to a large extent. Like the trait, theory of leadership describes leaders and effectiveness, Branson stands out as an exceptional leader who gets results (Goleman, 2000). He is a high achiever with high ambition levels, is driven by motivation, values honesty and integrity, self-confident, has wisdom coupled with cognitive ability, emotional stability and business acumen.
References
Dearlove, D. (2007). The Richard Branson Way, Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK
****Word limited: 200 words ONLY, no more than 200words!!!!
***this is a summary of specific lecture note and one given reading material **** (these will be the upload files, NO other research material or reference in this summary!!!)
Number of sources/ reference = 0
This Assessment Task relates to the following Learning Outcomes:
• Be familiar with key sociological concepts as they are applied to the study of Australian society.
• Have developed an understanding of a range of theoretical perspectives on social life from the
19th century to the present.
• Have developed a broad understanding of how the ‘sociological imagination’ can be used in
thinking about social issues and trends.
• Have developed a broad understanding of research techniques, materials social science
epistemology.
• Be able to read, summarise and apply essential sociological ideas to the study of contemporary
life.
• Have developed a rich understanding of contemporary Australian life.
• Written and verbal expression allowing the synthesis and clear explanation of complex ideas.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Inequalities can either be visible or invisible,individualistic or structural. Given its ambivalence, inequality will depend on how one can see it. In real life, inequalities persist because of Structural problems, Public constraints and Political-institutional constraints. Given inequality permeates all aspects of society it is important to understand it.
Categorical inequality is a by-product of interpersonal interactions composed of negotiated collective boundaries. Care should be taken not to assume that categories will always produce inequalities – differences are guaranteed. Inequality is mostly a consequence of distributive effect of scarce resources. When one or more value producing resource is controlled, inequality emerges as decision on its supply and ability to produce more value with it has to be considered.
Recent studies suggest that financial capital, information, science and type of value-producing resource are the main factors that contribute the most to inequality. All this factors are currently controlled by small networks of persons compared to the world’s population as a whole. These identified factors will still have an effect of future inequality. Their impact will depend on their integration with categorical differences and their relation to concentrated means of coercion.
Type of document = Summary of lecture note and 3 readings
Requirements & marking guide for this summary:
This task is designed to assist you to keep up with the weekly programme; listening to the lectures and
reading the material provided. The focus is on developing effective reading and note-taking skills.
These weekly entries will help provide you with a solid basis for addressing the other assessment tasks.
This Assessment Task relates to the following Learning Outcomes:
• Be familiar with key sociological concepts as they are applied to the study of Australian society.
• Have developed an understanding of a range of theoretical perspectives on social life from the
19th century to the present.
• Have developed a broad understanding of how the ‘sociological imagination’ can be used in
thinking about social issues and trends.
• Have developed a broad understanding of research techniques, materials social science
epistemology.
• Be able to read, summarise and apply essential sociological ideas to the study of contemporary
life.
• Have developed a rich understanding of contemporary Australian life.
• Written and verbal expression allowing the synthesis and clear explanation of complex ideas.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Australia Society (History)
The world we live in has become so different from that of our parents. Conflicts, social divisions, global warming, lawlessness and tensions have risen since the nineteenth century. Sociological imagination forms the basis of understanding the who human beings are, the purpose of life and provides answers to several questions in life such as about the origin of the world and the direction the change observed will take in the future. Most of theories in sociology are explaining the sources of our behaviour that has been passed down from generation to generation. As a result on modern technology, new research techniques have been used to disapprove some the theories such as introduction of internet.
Essential sociological ideas studied in this weekly program sociological imagination, and sociological perspective of public health problems such as suicide. The factors influence criminal justice system not only in Australia. Suicide attempts and deaths resulting from suicide in Australia show that social values and ideas have been eroded in this continent. This continent must be having high degree rates of regulation, oppression and isolation since these are the primary causes of a rise in suicide attempts in this Australian society, endangering future generation.
Monitoring and controlling a project including preparing project performance reports, are some of the most important tasks a project manager will perform. The requirements for performance reporting will be determined by the stakeholders and should be documented in the project plan. Earned value analysis is one technique for determining how a project is performing. The results of earned value analysis are key inputs to stakeholder reporting which, in turn, are used to make decisions about the project.
Scenario for the Discussion
Refer to question #27 on page 266 of the Mantel text.
After considering the scenario, post by Day 3 your response to the following questions:
•What is your assessment of the performance of the project?
•What metrics did you use to come to your conclusion about the performance of the project?
•What do you think should be communicated to the stakeholders? Why?
SAMPLE ANSWER
The following project is at the end of its sixth week. Find the cost and schedule variances. Also find the CPI and SPI. Then find the critical ratio of the project using earned value calculations. Finally, calculate the ETC and EAC for the project
Activity Predecessors Duration (wks) Budget ($) Actual Cost ($) %Complete
a — ———– 2 300 400 100
b — 3 200 180 100
c a 2 250 300 100
d a 5 600 400 20
e b, c 4 400 200 20
The Cost Variance (CV) is arrived at by finding the difference between the Earned Value (EV) and the Actual Cost (AC). The Earned Value (EV) is a sum of the Actual Completion (AC) (in percentage) and the Budget at Completion (BAC) (Bible, Bivins & Susan, 2011)
Activity‘d’ CV = EV – AC; Therefore EV = Actual Completion (%) X BAC
= 20% X 400
= 80
Activity‘d’ CV = 80 – 400
= -320
Activity‘e’ CV = EV – AC; Therefore EV = Actual Completion (%) X BAC
= 20% X 200
= 40
Activity‘e’ CV = 40 – 200
= -160
The Scheduled Variance (SV) is calculated by getting the difference between the Expected Value and the Planned Value (PV). On its part the PV is a sum of the Planned Completion (in percentage) and the BAC (Bible, Bivins & Susan, 2011)
Activity‘d’ SV = EV – PV; Therefore PV = Planned Completion (%) X BAC
= 20% X 600
= 120
Activity‘d’ SV = 120 – 600
= -480
Activity‘e’ SV = EV – PV; Therefore PV = Planned Completion (%) X BAC
= 20% X 400
= 80
Activity‘e’ SV = 80 – 400
= -320
Cost Performance Indicator (CPI) is an index that reveals the efficiency in resource utilization on the project (Bible, Bivins & Susan, 2011). The CPI is the value of dividing the Earned Value (EV) with the Actual Cost (AC)
CPI (Activity d) = EV / AC
= 80 / 400
= 0.2
CPI (Activity e) = EV / AC
= 40 / 200
= 0.2
The Scheduled Performance Indicator (SPI) is an index that is used to show the efficiency of the time utilized of the project (Sanchez, & Robert, 2010). It is a result of dividing Earned Value with the Planned Value
SPI (Activity d) = EV / PV
= 80 / 600
= 0.13
SPI (Activity e) = EV / PV
= 40 / 400
= 0.1
Estimate to Complete (ETC) refers to the estimated cost required to complete the remainder of the project (Sanchez, & Robert, 2010). ETC = Budget at Completion (BAC) – Actual costs to date (AC)
Activity d= 600 / 400 = 1.5
Activity e= 400 / 200 = 2.0
Estimate at Completion (EAC) refers to the present day estimate of the total cost of the project. It is arrived at by getting the difference between the approved budget for the whole task and the cost variance of the work done to date (Sanchez, & Robert, 2010)
Activity d = Budget at completion (BAC) + Actual Cost (AC) – Earned Value (EV)
= 600 + 400 – 80
= 920
Activity e = Budget at completion (BAC) + Actual Cost (AC) – Earned Value (EV)
= 400 + 200 – 40
= 560
The project is experiencing very poor performance. For starters, the projects is running over budget and behind schedule. This makes the project more expensive in the long run. In addition to having the project over budget and behind schedule, the project has not gained the expected value thus the value of project thus far is below the expectations.
The stakeholders need to know the current state of the project. They need to internalize their exposure to project risk. Additionally, the stakeholders need to know the value of their investment so that they can judge whether the management is generating the best value for their investment and if they are using the available scarce resources efficiently (Eden, Ackermann & Williams, 2005). To the stakeholders the information accessible to them assists them make informed decision about the organization.
References
Bible, Michael J., Bivins, Susan S. (2011). Mastering Project Portfolio Management: A Systems Approach to Achieving Strategic Objectives. Fort Lauderdale, Florida. J Ross Publishing, Inc.
Eden, C., Ackermann, F. and Williams, T. (2005) The amoebic growth of project costs. Project Management Journal, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp.15–27.
Based upon your reading of the selected primary documents and incorporating such secondary sources as your textbook, answer the following 4 questions. Provide specific examples from these documents that support your arguments.
1. What perceptions of “others” are reflected attending Miss Columbia’s School House (Document 1)? How does Aguinaldo’s criticism of America’s policies towards the Philippines (Document 2) echo the 1894 political cartoon? What do these two documents suggest about the way America perceived conquered peoples and the likelihood that they would ever be fit for American citizenship and its liberties?
2. What relationship does President Eisenhower draw between events in the modern Civil Rights Movement and the goals of the US in waging the Cold War (Document 3)? How does the Alcatraz Proclamation (Document 4) and “The Soiling of Old Glory” photograph (Document 5) reflect the increasing radicalization of the Civil Rights Movement by the 1970s as well as the violent responses it could produce within Anglo American communities? Based upon Eisenhower’s speech, how do you believe he would respond to Documents 4 and 5 in the context of the Cold War?
3. According to President Reagan (Document 6), what does “having a positive view of American history” mean and what values does the country stand for? What should modern Americans think of their country’s past in regards to race relations according to Senator Obama (Document 7)? Do you agree with these documents arguments about America’s past? Why or why not?
4. Based upon your reading of these documents, to what extent do you believe America’s past continues to influence American society and modern debates about inequality? Does our past and efforts to confront and resolve issues of inequality empower us with a moral authority to dictate world affairs today? Why or why not?
SAMPLE ANSWER
What perceptions of “others” are reflected attending Miss Columbia’s School House (Document 1)? How does Aguinaldo’s criticism of America’s policies towards the Philippines (Document 2) echo the 1894 political cartoon? What do these two documents suggest about the way America perceived conquered peoples and the likelihood that they would ever be fit for American citizenship and its liberties?
Americans have a superior view of themselves. To them, their way of life is superior to all others. For everybody else, the opportunity to be American is to be cherished above all. The view projected to everybody else is that America is the land of opportunity where everything is possible if only to the brave who are willing to apply themselves accordingly (Aguinaldo, 1899).
Unfortunately, this is far from the truth. America is a disorganized society which expends considerable energy trying to create a semblance of order (Aguinaldo, 1899). To America, it views are superior to all others. When there is competition between two views, the Americans will push for their view disregarding any other view that may be there and which they do not view as adding value to the American view.
Americans view everybody else in need of their help in developing. Thus to America, all have to put away their personalities and identities and take up that which the Americans define them by (Aguinaldo, 1899). However, despite the low opinion that America holds of its conquered people, the conquest does offer the best chance at development – as defined by America.
American views itself as a mother to the conquered who need her love and guidance to develop to their best potential. This makes her the only source of knowledge and her standards and definitions become the law to all. Dissenting views are tolerated if they do not conflict the overall American view. When in conflict, America employs all her power and might to push through her view (Aguinaldo, 1899). Despite its clear and obvious flaws the American way still offers better prospects than the others.
What relationship does President Eisenhower draw between events in the modern Civil Rights Movement and the goals of the US in waging the Cold War (Document 3)? How does the Alcatraz Proclamation (Document 4) and “The Soiling of Old Glory” photograph (Document 5) reflect the increasing radicalization of the Civil Rights Movement by the 1970s as well as the violent responses it could produce within Anglo American communities? Based upon Eisenhower’s speech, how do you believe he would respond to Documents 4 and 5 in the context of the Cold War?
The modern Civil Rights Movement championed the implementation of goals that would spread out the enjoyment of a better life to many – especially those who previously did not. Where as in the cold war the desire was for the populations living under communism to taste, have access and enjoy capitalism – the superior economic system, the Civil Rights Movement fought to have the blacks enjoy equal rights as everybody else – democracy (Eisehower, 1957).
After trying passive demand of addressing historical injustices and making right the wrongs perpetuated on a race, the civil right movement decided if they could not get what they were demanding for in peace, they could as well take it be force. Increasing, the civil rights movement gravitated towards the use of violence – albeit minimal at the start, as a way of eliciting response from oppressors (Strange & Loo, 2001). Even though in some instances the Civil Rights Movement could have been accused of going overboard with their tactics, the value importance of what was being fought for especially among those fighting for it, was very higher – higher than a reasonable citizen would probably assign to it.
President Eisenhower would have responded by directing the implementation of all the civil rights with immediate effect. President Eisenhower all through his presidency distinguished himself as a defender of the civil rights of all population (Strange & Loo, 2001). In the context of the cold war, the president would have worked extra hard to ensure that all that the capitalist economy prides itself with as being different from the communists actually work and is beneficial to the practitioners.
According to President Reagan (Document 6), what does “having a positive view of American history” mean and what values does the country stand for? What should modern Americans think of their country’s past in regards to race relations according to Senator Obama (Document 7)? Do you agree with these documents arguments about America’s past? Why or why not?
Having a positive view of American history is according to President Reagan making a deliberate effort of focusing only on the positive in the American narrative (Reagan, 1983). It means choosing to view America as a nation that has moral values that it espouses and practices. This meaning is best captured in the case of citizens who came together with a view to establishing a program focusing of girls in view of the significant and worrying increase in illegitimate births and abortions. This is especially aggravated by the fact that the majority of these girls are below the legal consent age – they are actually minors.
Despite this honorable endeavor, by dispensing advice and birth control drugs and devices to minors without consent from their parents is a violation of the rights of a parent (Reagan, 1983). The parents need to know what their children are being taught. After all, they are the ones who have to bear the consequences’ of the choices made by their children.
As a country, it does have values that are largely pro-life. It is the view of the county that is as much there is a significant increase in the number of illegal abortions and unwanted births, advice on and access to birth control drugs and devices to underage girls can only be allowed with the express authority of the parents.
According to Senator Obama, modern American need to ashamed and proud of the past interactions with regards to race relations (Obama, 2008). It is the senators’ view, which the past shows where the society failed in its obligations to the minorities in society. Conversely, the nation managed to overcome deep racial difference to emerge a strong nation where each has an equal opportunity at success if they apply themselves.
It is true America’s past has some very rotten and unpalatable instance Obama, B (2008). However it is this history that is also shackled with instance of success that offers the present generation grounding when dealing with race relations.
Based upon your reading of these documents, to what extent do you believe America’s past continues to influence American society and modern debates about inequality? Does our past and efforts to confront and resolve issues of inequality empower us with a moral authority to dictate world affairs today? Why or why not?
It is clear that the American past does influence the American society view of inequality presently. When debating inequality, the American society draws great lessons from the past to dictate how it reacts to different stimuli within the environment. Despite monument’s failure in race relations within America in the past, the country has made significant investment in improving race relations.
The past failures act as constant reminders of the country of the price to be paid for not putting in place strategies that address race issues. The lessons learnt on race relations are the basis for the current interaction in the race debate.
Whereas it could be argued that America’s past record with regards to inequality make it as guilty as everybody else, the lessons learnt and strategies developed and employed to ensure discrimination is eradicated could make America a contributor to the global standard on morality. American despite its poor equality past has emerged as an important case study when learning how to deal with world affairs in the present world. In today’s world, America does indeed stand in power to offer direction with regards to moral authority to dictate world affairs.
References
Aguinaldo, E (1899) Emilio Aguinaldo Criticizes American Imperialism in the Philippines, Reading the American Past: Selected Historical Documents, Vol. 2, pp. 96-99
Nutter, K. B (2010) The Soiling of Old Glory: The Story of a Photograph that Shocked America, The Journal of Popular Culture, Vol. 43, No. 3, pp. 659-660
In Week 7, the class examined the Joint Commission’s framework for root cause analysis of sentinel Incidents in health care organizations. For purposes of this project, a critical incident is a key occurrence, but it is not a sentinel event. A bow-tie analysis places the critical incident at the center of the framework and identifies in graphic format the root cause leading up to the incident on the left side of the critical incident. On the right side of the incident, key preventive measures are graphically represented. In one image, you will capture the incident (at the center), the causes for failure in quality, and (on the right) preventive measures a manager can put in place to stop this failure from happening in the future. The final graphic will appear as a bow-tie. The instructor will provide an example. Each student will select a critical incident for approval by the instructor.
This project must include a cover page, a one-page explanation, a one-page graphic image (bow-tie analysis), and references.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Bow & Tie analysis for Medication Safety
Medical practitioners use various prescriptions to treat different infectious illnesses, deal with the symptoms of continual ailments, and relieving pain. Generally, medicines are safe is used as indicated by the medical practitioner or as described in the labeling. Nonetheless, there are certain risks associated with different prescriptions. Recent statistics indicate that adverse medication events have resulted in more than 700,000 visitations to the emergency departments of different sanatoriums within the United States (Current awareness: Pharmaco epidemiology and drug safety, 2010). This entails the injuries acquired from the use of prescriptions. Most analysts indicate that such adverse medication events are avoidable. Medical personnel and ailing individuals can aid in reducing the risk of injuries from prescriptions by comprehending the key concepts of medication safety. Such educational programs ought to be conducted in different forums by focusing on various population groups in terms of age brackets, gender, and health conditions.
In order to enhance medication safety, it is important to systematically evaluate the noteworthy prescription errors in addition to determining the feasible causes of such unpleasant events. The Bow-Tie model is an effective risk analysis mechanism that can be used in the healthcare subsector with the main aim of effectively analyzing the risks, possible causes, and impacts of various adverse prescription events. In the hospital setting, some of the risk factors associated with medication safety include administration faults of injectable medicines (Phipps, Noyce, Walshe, Parker & Ashcroft, 2011). This may be prevented by using an electronic system to crosscheck the prescriptions. This prevention measure may also aid in avoiding adverse prescription events caused by the placement of medication stickers attached to the prescription account of the wrong individual. Another risk factor that is bound to cause adverse prescription events as indicated through the Bow-Tie analysis is the confusion that occurs when transferring prescription information between different sanatoriums or wards (Workman, LaCharity & Kruchko, 2011). However, such a situation may be dealt with by using an electronic information exchange program.
CONSEQUENCES
RECOVERY MEASURES
Bow-Tie Diagram
UNDERLYING CAUSES
Little consideration made on structural aspects aimed at enhancing awareness among nursing personnel regarding prescription errors and the reported adverse medication events
Effects of medication errors vary in severity from one patient to another (delayed management of morbidities)
Complains from the ailing individuals
The ailing individual is aware of risks associate with prescriptions and cautions the nurse
Medical doctors do not recommend medication to an ailing individual who is newly admitted into the sanatorium
Nurses make sure if the suitable medications have been stipulated (warning function)
PREVENTIVE BARRIER
INITIAL ERROR
Surgeons giving priority to ailing individuals over the timely prescription of medications
An extremely busy schedule for resident surgeons
A large percentage of surgeons are often not available in hospital wards
References
Current awareness: Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety. (April 01, 2010). Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, 19, 4.)
Phipps, D., Noyce, P., Walshe, K., Parker, D., & Ashcroft, D. (January 01, 2011). Risk-based regulation of healthcare professionals: What are the implications for pharmacists?. Health, Risk & Society, 13, 3, 277-292.
