Gaps in Services 6th paper
Write a 2-3 page (not including title and reference) paper in 6th edition APA format. Investigate different agencies in your community. Identify 3 gaps or overlaps in services provided to vulnerable groups in your own community. How could you deal with these gaps and overlaps to help clients receive needed services? What should be done to improve the system?
My community is PG county. in Maryland
SAMPLE ANSWER
Gaps in Service
There are several agencies in Prince George’s County that aim at promoting health care delivery to the residents. Some of the agencies offer home-based care while others provide hospitalized care. Senior Health Insurance Program is among the agencies that facilitate medical insurance among the old and the disabled persons in Prince Georges (Prince George’s County, 2013). The agency counsels the groups concerning the best insurance policies and modes to take. The program reaches vulnerable groups through trained volunteers. The personnel addresses policy such as Medicare, Medicaid, HMO Plans, MEDIGAP, and other long-term insurance covers (Prince George’s County, 2013). Family Care Giver Program also serves the aged in the county by educating their attendants. The agency advises caregivers so that they can make sound decisions concerning the services they provide to the elderly (Prince George’s County, 2013). In addition, the institution promotes independent living among elderly patients by advising caregivers on the benefits of allowing patients a chance to solve their problems. The agency also assists caregivers in providing quality services by giving them the information necessary (Prince George’s County, 2013).
Vulnerable groups in Prince Georges County often receive substandard care following gaps in service accessibility. Most of the people within the groups cannot afford high-quality care such as having one’s personal doctor. There is a general shortage of trained healthcare personnel and securing a personal physician is a hard task for the disabled, aged, the poor, and other vulnerable populations (School of Public Health, 2012, Pg. 16). The groups end up not prioritizing on the standard of care but just its availability. They are often unable to reach for services of a high standard, and they get significant predisposition to care that is of poor quality.
There is also a gap in the level of health literacy among vulnerable groups in Prince George’s County. A significant portion of the disadvantaged groups, including the aged, the disabled, and the minority ethnicities cannot understand their health status, especially when in written medical records (School of Public Health, 2012, Pg. 15). Language barrier also hinders care provision and education when people from the vulnerable populations fail to communicate efficiently with healthcare professionals (School of Public Health, 2012, Pg. 16).
Vulnerable groups also lack access to technological advancement. They often lack information concerning innovations and the availability of unique and improved services. As such, there are fewer improvements in health outcomes among the populations.
So as to close the gaps and eliminate the disparities, stakeholders should implement strategic measures. They should focus on educating more health care personnel so that residents would have access to quality care. By increasing the number of medical graduates, for instance, stakeholders would increase chances of the residents and the vulnerable groups accessing personal doctors. Also, there should be strategies to overcome the limitations of health illiteracy among vulnerable populations. For instance, stakeholders can set up interpreter programs and offer materials that educate people about their health (School of Public Health, Pg. 16). Such a move would overcome the limitations of the language barrier and health illiteracy. Marketing innovations would also be an appropriate move in informing residents on the availability of improved services.
So as to improve the healthcare system in the county, there should be the establishment of a medical center affiliated with an academic institution. Such a center would anchor the transformation process. It should create strong connections with the community for optimal outcomes (School of Public Health, 2012, Pg. 20).
For this paper, the writer will have to reference to 113193, 113242 and also 113153 and other past papers in the past 4 weeks which pattern to this topic as the are all continuations in one way or the other. The writer will have to pay very close attention to all instructions as he write this paper, making sure that he fully understand what is require . Take note of the doc that is require to be attach together with the paper, so please read the instructions carefully before responding to the questions. the writer must also attached the brief synopsis of the quantitative studies he found as a “.doc” or “.rtf” attachment to the paper that he will be writing.
I will send you a sample of the synopsis that I corrected for last week so that the writer can follow the model and write for this week. and please acknowledge my emails of this document that I send via email so that I can be assure you have them.
Existing Qualitative Studies
Return to your Literature Review and peruse the qualitative studies you found for additional resources that pertain to your topic (Employee job satisfaction and productivity). Conduct additional searches through the reliable sources for relevant studies that either pertain directly to your topic or that pertain to related topics and could inform a qualitative study of your topic mentioned above. Perhaps these studies provide a model, research instrument, framework, or hypothesis that inform your own evolving thinking.
Post a brief synopsis of the qualitative studies you found as a “.doc” or “.rtf” attachment. For each entry, provide the full APA citation, as well as a brief paragraph explaining the contribution the study makes to your own topic, either directly or tangentially. In the text of your paper (to which you will attach your synopsis), introduce and summarize the quantitative studies as a collection, and post at least two questions that will elicit suggestions and further responses from your colleagues.
SAMPLE ANSWER
The model of evaluation in institutions of learning both junior and senior has always been that the faculty always evaluates the students. However, perhaps it has never crossed the mind of many in management of learning institutions that even faculty needs evaluation. More often, evaluation for faculty is done in s hallow way by those in management (Peterson, 2010). However, it is not possible for the management to fully vet and evaluate the performance of faculty. The only way to effectively do so is engage the students who have direct interactions with faculty.
One most effective way of evaluating faculty is through student surveys. Student surveys involve setting questions to students which they are expected to answer. Depending on the answers they give, it becomes possible to monitor and assess the performance of faculty (Buller, 2012). Some of the questions that are often included in student surveys may be, the effectiveness of a faulty in dissemination information, punctuality, relevance of lectures, notes and quizzes among others. Often, these questions have ratings attached to them with the aim being to rate the performance of faculty.
Students have been proven to be highly effective in monitoring faculty. Although this model stands the risk of truancy of students who may rate faculty lowly just because they do not like them, it also gives a chance to really see faculty for what they are (Marzano, 2013). The actual reflection of faculty in classroom set up is best brought through student survey.
Faculty evaluation is necessary as it helps identify the weak areas and thereby help improve. It is necessary to point out that faculty evaluation through student survey ought to be backed up with others forms of assessment. Although student surveys have been found to be highly effective, it is necessary to have other sources of information that will back up the data gathered.
References
Buller, J. (2012). Best practices in faculty evaluation: a practical guide for academic leaders.New York: John Wiley and Sons.
Peterson, K. (2010). Teacher evaluation: a comprehensive guide to new directions and practices. New York: Pearson .
Marzano.R. (2013). Teacher evaluation that makes a difference: a new model for teacher growth and student evaluation. London: ASCD
Job satisfaction affects an employee’s quality of work in different ways. Several research methods can be adopted to shed light on the nature and effect that job satisfaction has on a company’s productivity. In this research, qualitative method has been preferred in order to find out the nature of relationship that exists between job satisfaction and productivity.
The qualitative research study will assist in the acquisition of the necessary information that would determine if a relationship between job satisfaction and productivity exists (Feldman, 2015). The effect of productivity and employee satisfaction would be investigated. The qualitative method adopted provides the foundation and the research methods that will be utilized to show if the relationship that exists can influence job satisfaction in other companies (Hair et al, 2015). The qualitative research methods to be adopted include observation research, focus groups, reflective journals, depth interviews and direct story telling.
The objective of the qualitative study identified relates to the provision of the best strategies to be adopted in order to ensure that employee productivity and the factors that affect job satisfaction are monitored. To measure the effects of promotions, remuneration perks, demotions, close relationships and bonuses on employee job satisfaction are critical in the qualitative study method. The study would also identify the greatest barrier to employee job satisfaction and the critical issues that must be addressed to improve productivity. The qualitative research study also seeks to identify the different ways and methods of enhancing employee satisfaction besides monetary gain and also ways of improving employee retention. Identification of different methods of enhancing extra job satisfaction that would ensure high employee retention in companies and adoption of effective company strategies. Employee attitudes towards high productivity at work would also be critical to the study. The research would also identify the most effective strategies to adopt and which has the strongest effect or increase in employee productivity.
The qualitative study chosen relates to the given topic necessitates an organized and well-planned survey. The qualitative study adopted methodology that’s well defined and since it’s a qualitative research survey only a few selected employees would be allowed to take part. But they would be selected from a wide range of firms each providing at least two employees from the lower cadre job positions while another two from the management level. The questions would be thorough and employee’s response would also include determination of employee reflections on the job, their feelings and general observation to ensure a thorough analysis of employee reactions. In this case only 250 respondents would take part in the exercise. Their responses would be compared with the hypothesis already formulated for the study. Both the employees and managers would be selected randomly. Observational research and depth interviews would be used to collect the required data for the study. In the qualitative study, the response was rated at 75% hence it would be good for the research (Feldman, 2015).
The summary of the results were carried out and later analyzed using the standard statistical correlation method. The qualitative method provides the empirical measurement and the levels of employee’s job satisfaction concerning the relationships at work. The responses clearly indicated that the closer and better the relationship between employers and employees the higher the levels of satisfaction and the more productive employees became (Hair et al, 2015). A good relationship between employers and employees results in improved performance among the employees. Innovation and autonomy provided more opportunities for workers to be more productive and the managers were also pleased to register good performance hence a spiral effect resulted in more production, improved working environment and better terms for the employees (Choudhury & Friedman, 2015). To improve productivity, employee training and mechanization of the production was recommended.
The major purpose of qualitative study adopted for more research on the topic is the test of hypothesis, studying effects and making predictions (Hair et al, 2015). Qualitative research helps to identify the real issues that underlie individual behavior. Most of the behaviors are difficult to recognize and they have to be observed closely to make final recommendations. The study provided deep insight into the relationship on employee job satisfaction and productivity.
References
Choudhury, S., & Friedman, M. (2015). A study of employee satisfaction with HMO services at a historically black university. In Proceedings of the 1996 Multicultural Marketing Conference (pp. 81-84). Springer International Publishing.
Historical events that led to the differentiation between Christianity and Judaism
Order Instructions:
In 300 words, please consider the following: Discuss some of the historical events (e.g. Jewish revolt in Jerusalem) that led to the differentiation between Christianity and Judaism.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Historical events that led to the differentiation between Christianity and Judaism
From a historical as well as theological point of view, Christianity and Judaism have a lot in common. Christianity has strong roots in Judaism and this is seen in the structure of the Bible. Judaism is based on the Old Testament of the Bible, a holy book Christians also use. Despite this similarity in origin, the two faiths have experienced a sustained split leading to Judaism and Christianity becoming two distinct faiths. Several events in history contributed to this fact
The rejection of Jesus as the Messiah by the Jewish establishment is one of the main precursors to the split between Judaism and Christianity (Levine, 2014). For many Pharisees and teachers of the law, Christianity was more of a sect misleading Jews than a fully-fledged legitimate faith. This was based on the connotation of the Messiah being a political savior from Roman rule, something Jesus was not (Snyder, 2013).
Paul’s conversion was another factor that led to the split between Judaism and Christianity. Prior to his conversion, Paul dedicated his life to prosecuting Jews who practiced Christianity, his conversion made him dedicate his life to furthering Christianity and spreading the gospel to non-Jews. This helped to give Christianity a different identity from its Jewish roots as it became more cosmopolitan affair. This coupled with the difference in doctrine between a belief in inward transformation against Judaism’s emphasis on several tangible aspects such as circumcision and the strict following of Jewish practices further led to the split with Christians being keen on setting themselves apart as a unique group from the faith that had been in existence before (Atkinson, 2012). Prosecution and sustained opposition by Jewish religious leaders only gave the split inertia.
References
Atkinson, A. C. (2012). Pauline conversion and the resurrection narrative (Doctoral dissertation, uga).
Levine, A. J. (2014). The Misunderstood Jew. HarperCollins e-Books.
Relying on both textural information and at least two (3) outside references, write a three to five (3-5) page report that answers the following:
1. Describe the behavioral goal you set for Rad in Assignment #1.
2. Choose either Bruner’s or Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive development, and explain the fundamental tenets of the chosen theory.
3. Describe the key ways that the approach to the desired goal would change with the chosen theory. Explain the assumptions to the chosen theory and the manner in which they may impact Rad or you as the Instructor.
The format of the report is to be as follows:
Typed, double spaced, Times New Roman font (size 12), one inch margins on all sides, APA format.
Use headers for each of the subjects being covered, followed by your response.
In addition to the three to five (3-5) pages required, a title page is to be included. The title page is to contain the title of the assignment, your name, the instructor’s name, the course title, and the date.
OUTCOMES ASSESSED:
• Analyze the basic principles of learning theories.
• Analyze how cognitive development influences learning ability and styles
• Use technology and information resources to research issues in.
ATTENTION: I am expecting better Research papers. The previous one was not totally satisfactory. I used to do my research papers on my own, and I had always scored between 92-100. I earned my Bachelor’s with a GPA 3.75. But, for several months I have been busy and also had a problem of “focus”. So, Give me good papers because I know there are Excellent writers out there
SAMPLE ANSWER
Interacting with Rad
Introduction
The quest to understand the development of a child physically, emotionally and even intellectually, has attracted the attention of many theorist. The author deliberates on the behavioral goals set for the previous assignment, explains fundamental tenets of Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive development and describes ways the approach to desired goals would change with this theory selected, as well explains assumptions of the theory and its impacts on Rad
Behavioral goal of Rad
In the assignment 1, the behavioral goal set for Rad was to inculcate positive values to embrace and appreciate other people situations and feelings. Rad exemplifies bad habits such as being forceful, violence, and throwing of tantrums to colleagues at school, and at home towards the mother. Such behaviors need appropriate strategies for Rad to avoid them and collaborate with others as well respect others feelings. Punishment and rewards can help Rad transform and behave well towards other children and even his mother and teachers.
Tenets of Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive development
Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive development is one of the theories that for long time remain relevant in understanding the cognitive development of children (Gredler, 2009). The theorist- Vygotsky believed that the social community shapes the thinking of a child (Vygotsky & Luria, 1994). The important tool that aids children to gain social knowledge is through language. Vygotsky, theory of cognitive development gives credit to social cultural factors in shaping the intellect of children as they develop.
The major tenets of the theory are developed from other theorists writing and contributions such as Engels, and Marx, a, Spinoza and Hegel (Gredler, 2009). One of the tenets argues that cognitive development is a complex dialectical process that changes always (Gredler, 2009). This means that child development is under continuous process of transformation as the child learns new words and information. The second tenet is that people transform their thinking as they develop mastery of their cognitive process (Gredler, 2009). Children are able to improve and understand issues as they continue to understand the way their minds functions. The third tenet argues that advanced thinking forms across human race develop based on historical development (Gredler, 2009). This means that the present generations depend on the tools of the previous generations in developing their thinking.
Furthermore, Vygotsky argues that the child learning happens through social interactions with a tutor or a parent or even with peers with more understanding (Yilmaz, 2011). The teacher models behaviors or provides instructions verbally as the child internalizes the information with the use of a guide or through own performance regulation. The tenets are therefore based on the two principles; Zone of Proximal Development and more knowledge other (MKO) (Gredler, 2012). MKO is someone that fills the gap because has higher understanding than the learner does when it comes to handling particular task, understanding concepts, and processes. On the other hand, zone of proximal development is the difference between the activities the child can handle independently and those that require guidance and encouragement from someone skilled (Gredler, 2009). Language is also an important part of the tenets in Vygotsky theory. Children develop language from social interaction for the purpose of communication. Through language, people convey information to children and are a powerful asset when it comes to promoting intellectual adaptation. Imaginative play is also essential in the development of a child as it enables them to make sense of the world. Thinking skills and their language use as well develops through such plays.
Ways approaches to desired goals would change with this theory
In respect to this theory, the approaches will have to change to achieve the desired goal. Teachers, parents, and Rad must collaborate to ensure behavior change. The role of the teachers and parents will have to reduce over time for Rad to embrace positive behaviors (Gredler, 2012). Rad as well should be allowed to engage in imaginative play, as this will contribute to development of his thinking and better understanding of the world. Parents and teachers on some occasions will be expected to use instructional approaches in structuring tasks for Rad to change his behaviors. They as well should use language to communicate with Rad to influence his behaviors and actions. Advanced peers in his class can as well help him to change his behaviors to achieve the behavioral goal.
Assumptions of the theory and its impact on Rad
The theory has various assumptions. One of the assumptions is that through formal and informal conversations as well as education, parents or adult pass unto their children their ways of interpreting culture and approaches concerning the world (Levykh, 2008). Through their interactions, older people share with their children the meaning they assign to events, objects, and experiences. Going back to the example of Rad, teachers and parents have experience and need to direct him to behave well by avoiding violent behaviors. The theory as well assumes that language and thought in the first few years is more independent as opposed to later years. The child places more emphasis on what they are taught and through messages communicated. The third assumption is that complex mental process on children starts as social activities. Children internalize processes gradually as they develop, hence use the same independently in social contexts. If Rad is not corrected, he will internalize the bad acts as he grows into adulthood. Therefore, through initiatives to change his behaviors, he will slowly learn to adjust and to behave well as he internalizes what he is told by the seniors (Yilmaz, 2011). The fourth assumption is the notion that children have the capability to perform challenging tasks if assisted by competent or advanced people (Gillen, 2000). Rad requires assurance and encouragement from parents and teachers that he can change his bad habits. The fifth assumption of the theory argues that challenging tasks are helpful when it comes to promoting or ensuring maximum cognitive growth also described as zone of proximal development by Vygotsky (Levykh, 2008). The final assumption asserts that allowing children to play makes them stretch their cognitive. Through play, children can take up roles that they are unable to play in real situations. In the case of Rad, he can take up other roles when playing to help in behavior modifications. For instance, he can take up a role of a child to enable him adjust his behaviors. Such arrangements can help achieve the desired goal.
The assumptions as well impact on the instructors. An instructor must understand the process of human intellectual development to adapt to appropriate learning and teaching strategies. Instructors should provide a conducive environment to transform the thinking capability of the children. Instructors should therefore, collaborate with the children to achieve the goal of behavior change in children such as Rad.
Conclusion
Theories provide frameworks to understand behaviors as well approaches to solve problems better. Understanding the cognitive development of a child is therefore important to provide guidance on the suitable approaches to promote their learning. Vygotsky’s Theory of cognitive development s has provided insights on the child development. Social interactions play a major role in the cognitive development of a child. Therefore, the environment must remain conducive to promote effective learning. Children like Rad can change behaviors if they get support from their parents and teachers.
References
Gredler, M. E. (2009). Hiding in Plain Sight: The Stages of Mastery/Self-Regulation in Vygotsky’s Cultural-Historical Theory. Educational Psychologist, 44(1), 1-19.
Gredler, M. (2012). Understanding Vygotsky for the Classroom: Is It Too Late?. Educational Psychology Review, 24(1), 113-131.
Gillen, J. (2000). Visions of Vygotsky. British Journal of Educational Studies, 48(2), 183–198
Levykh, M. G. (2008). The Affective Establishment and Maintenance of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development. Educational Theory, 58(1), 83-101.
Vygotsky, L. S., & Luria, A. R. (1994). Tool and symbol in child development. In R. van der Veer & J. Valsiner (Eds.),The Vygotsky reader(pp. 99–174). Cambridge: Blackwell.
Yilmaz, K. (2011). The Cognitive Perspective on Learning: Its Theoretical Underpinnings and Implications for Classroom Practices. Clearing House, 84(5), 204-212. https://www.doi:10.1080/00098655.2011.568989
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Validity and Reliability of Claims in Quantitative Research I have numbered the posts 1-2-3-4-5. Can you please write at least 100 words or little over relevant content to these posts in your with own words. If you find any research with references and citations, it will be great also.
Validity and Reliability of Claims in Quantitative Research
These are discussion post, perhaps you do not need to answer each line just follow important context from the post to make comments, your own thoughts, own knowledge and probing question that move the conversation forward. (1) Reliability refers to the consistency or stability of test/measure scores.
Validity and Reliability of Claims in Quantitative Research Definition
Reliability means dependability or trustworthiness. In quantitative research, measures must be reliable in order to claim for the validity of the findings. All measures contain errors, so the more errors in the data, the less valid for claims or generalization. Reliability can be measured in several ways through correlation: Test-retest, Equivalent forms, Internal consistency, Intra-scorer, Inter-scorer reliability. Validity refers to the fact that the instrument actually measures what it claims to measure. The concept of validity is that the validity for whom or for what. Validity is only evaluated in terms of purpose and is categorized into several different types: content, construct, concurrent, and predictable validates.
(2) Data is only good if they are true reflections of what you are trying to measure. So making sure that the way you are collecting data helps with this
goal. For instance, if your method or your instruments or scales are unworthy or poorly designed, then others cannot really trust the data you have collected. So in addition to making sure that your data collection method is scientifically justifiable, you must also ensure that your instruments are both valid and reliable. You need to know the difference between these two terms. Valid means that the scale you are using is truly measuring what you purport to be measuring, and reliable means that the data collection will be true over time, so you compare the data collected over time, and if the scale is reliable, there will be no significant changes over time (that is why we collect multiple times to ensure that there are no significant changes.
(3) One of the aspects in looking at the outcomes of a research report is determining if the researcher analyzed the data accurately and did not make a Type
I or Type II error in their statistical analysis. In addition, looking at the source of the tools that were used in the research. Did the researcher explore
to ensure that the tool used in their research is based on a reliable and valid tool from previous research on the tool? This is another aspect of looking at
the reliability and validity of quantitative research. Any thoughts?
Validity and Reliability of Claims in Quantitative Research and Data Collection Methods
(4) The data collections tools validity is a great example of determining whether the data is reliable within a quantitative study. Without establishing
tools that will produce valid data the research is viewed more of an opinion of the population in question. For example, if I were to ask a neighborhood which ice cream was the best and base that data on the neighborhood as a whole my research is not valid. I do not have the support of my proposal that coffee flavored will be the best if my research is based solely on the opinions of my participants. I would need financial data stating which flavor is purchased more often, those who eat ice cream, age groups, season and so on.
(5) Quantitative research is research that uses numerical analysis. In essence, this approach reduces the data into numbers. The researcher knows in advance what he/she is looking for and all aspects of the study are carefully designed before the data is collected. The objective of quantitative research is to
develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. Validity is the extent to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure and performs as it is designed to perform. It is rare, if nearly impossible, that an instrument is 100% valid, so validity is generally measured in degrees. As a process, validation involves collecting and analyzing data to assess the accuracy of an instrument. There are numerous statistical tests and measures to assess the validity of quantitative instruments, which generally involves pilot testing.
Americans with Disabilities Act
The Americans with Disabilities Act has led to a tremendous amount of litigation, including lawsuits against fire departments. Assume that a
firefighter/paramedic learns he has Type II diabetes. You are his station Captain and you learn through the “rumor mill” that he has a medical problem. You
become increasingly concerned about his health, and about his ability to perform his duties. He is gaining lots of weight, falls asleep during paramedic
training, is not working out with the other on-duty personnel, and you are getting feedback from his crew members that he is having performance issues on ALS runs
Given the situation and conditions, include your opinion of the following when completing this written assignment:
Render your opinion as to whether this firefighter is considered “disabled” under the ADA.
List what steps the department might take to “reasonably accommodate” him.
Determine whether or not lawful authority exists for the department to require a medical evaluation to confirm he is healthy enough to perform the essential functions of the job.
Determine whether the department can ultimately suspend or terminate him if he can not adequately perform his job duties.
General Instructions for Written Assignments bar
Your written assignment is intended to test your understanding of important concepts and sharpen your intellectual skills of analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and application. The intent of the written assignment is to provide an opportunity to more fully describe, explain, and analyze the books and other sources.
There are three main resources that will enable you to successfully complete written assignments:
Writing Resource Center- link here for access to writing resources developed by Empire State College and the Genesee Valley Center Writing Program.
Hamilton College’s Nesbitt-Johnston Writing Center- link here for general writing advice.
Empire State College’s Writer’s Complex – link here for writing tips and assistance.
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The Committee system in the Scottish Parliament is a much better model for debating and scrutinizing draft legislation than its equivalent at Westminster.?
Discuss.
There is no minimum requirements for the number of sources you use however as a general guideline an academic paper can have 1 source per hundred words. In regards to the currency of the references, it is generally expected that sources are within 5 years published age. However if you have sourced a reference that is older than this you must demonstrate how it is relevant in your writing.
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Reflection Paper Guidelines – Paper # 1 The two goals of the Reflection Papers are 1) to give you an opportunity to pause and reflect on what you are
learning about being an effective communicator and team member and 2) to tie the concepts, ideas, and terms from the textbook to your group experiences in an
academic and informed way.
A great way to do this is to go somewhere different
–a place where you can sit quietly, and have space to pause, think, consider, and reflect. If you are keeping a journal of your observations and personal/team
learning, bring it along to use as a reference, or to jot down more notes as they arise.
Students will submit two (2) reflection papers
during the semester, utilizing concepts from the chapter readings. Topics for each paper will be assigned by the instructor
(see pg. 2)
and will be relevant to the course materials and group process dynamics. In each paper the student will reflect on the assigned topic, relate it to personal
and classroom experience, reference the chapter readings, relate it to their group project work and discuss how these concepts can be incorporated into their
personal or professional development.
Choose two concepts, one from Chapter 1
–Group and Team Principles and Practices and one from Chapter 4
–Preparing to Collaborate. 2.
In addition to the above two concepts, you will include one concept from Chapter 12
–Enhancing Creativity in Groups & Teams, OR Chapter 3
–Group Formation,
for a total of three concepts per paper.
3.
Write about how you and your team have been
impacted
by the concept. Be sure to include specific stories and examples that support the concepts. Think about how you connect with these concepts in your final
project/chapter presentation teams. Given your experiences, how would you apply these concepts in future teams? What action steps would you take to ensure
effective/positive team outcomes? Be sure to apply the tools/skills
you’v
e learned throughout the course
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NUR 209 M6A3: Obstetric Patient Pain Management and Care Paper rubic
APA format ,write a six (6) to ten (10) page paper exclude cover and references page that addresses the comfort and pain relief need of the antepartum intrapartum and postpartum patient
A minimum of three (3) current professional references must be provided. Current references include professional publication or valid and current website dated within five (5) years. Additional, a textbook that is no more than one (1) edition old may be used
the paper consists of (2)parts
Use a 12 font size double space APA format for citations ,references and overall format
Avoid plagiarism. Paper one : look at the cause and management interventions of discomfort and pain during pregnancy, labor birth and recovery from birth .Part two (2) is a component of a teaching plan the register nurse would use to assist an antenatal patient make an informed decision regarding pain relief measures to be used during labor and birth.
Part A : Identify and explain (2) sources of the antepartum patient ,intrapartum patient and postpartum patient during an uncomplicated pregnancy ,labor and recovery from the birthing process’s Part B : Identify one (1) pharmacological and two (2) non pharmacologic pain management measures for the intrapartum patient. Explain the benefits and risk of these pain management measures
one more part thanks for your patience.
Part 2 In order for the woman to make an inform decision regarding pain relief measures to be used in the intrapartum period ,the information needs to be provided in the antepartum period. Before finalizing a teaching plan for the pregnant woman ,her history needs to be assessed to determine any variables that may affect content of teaching plan .For example ,are there any language /barriers that will affect care provided during labor and birth.Before finalizing a teaching plan for the pregnant woman ,her history needs to be assessed to determine any variables that may affect you the content of the teaching plan .For example ,are there any language variables /barriers that will affect care provided during labor and birth.? A . Identify three (3) variables unique to the pregnant patient that need to be considered when developing a specific pain management teaching plan for the antepartal patient preparing for labor and birth. Provide an explanation why each of these three (3) variables preparing for labor and birth. Provide an explanation why each of these three (3) variables need to be considered when developing a teaching plan for an obstetric patient . B. Select two (2) non -pharmacologic pain relief options used in the intrapartum period . For each option, explain three (3) specific points information related to this pain relief option that need to be taught to the patient . Include rationales for each piece of content regarding why you would need to incorporate this information.
For part A is identify and explain 2 sources of pain for the antepartum patient intrapartum ad postpartum patient during an uncomplicated pregnancy labor ,and recovery from birthing process. . I miss out pain on top
include I part 2 A provide an Explanation why each of these three (3) variables need to be considered when developing a teaching plan an obstetric patient . I repeated it 2 above .
SAMPLE ANSWER
Obstetric Patient Pain Management and Care
PART 1
Pain would occur in pregnancy and delivery regardless of whether there are complications or not. It is possible to categorize such pain on the basis of the stages where patients experience it. Pains could occur at the ante-natal, intra-natal, and also at post-natal stages. Sources of pain vary from those that are expected; not necessarily in disease, to those resulting from complications. Also, pains could be specific to pregnancy and delivery or non-specific to the processes. Examples of pains that could occur in various stages of pregnancy and delivery include a headache and backaches. Nerve entrapment, abdominal stretching, and trauma are potential sources of pain in pregnancies and non-complicated deliveries.
Abdominal stretching is usually intense as from the third trimester of pregnancy (National Partnership for Women and Families, 2010). The uterus stretches in such a way that it accommodates the enlarging fetus, and in the process, it occupies most of the abdominal cavity. At late antenatal stages, the uterus would have extended to levels just slightly below the sternum, and its positioning would be pressurizing the fundus (National Partnership for Women and Families, 2010). The stretching also has a substantial impact on ligaments. The structures have to bear the weight of the fetus, and their pulling could result in back pains (March of Dimes Foundation, 2013). Round ligament pains and Braxton-Hicks contractions happen following the straining of the ligaments (McDermott, 2015). Usually, the pains begin at the ante-natal stage, continues throughout labor and still retain effects at the post-natal stage. Such pains constitute most of the experiences of labor in women (National Partnership for Women and Families, 2010). Abdominal stretching also has an effect on pelvic expansion. At the antenatal stage, the pelvic is constantly expanding in preparation for childbirth. The stretching is also a source of pain during delivery and accounts for a significant portion of labor pains. Abdominal stretching also causes difficulties in processes such as breathing and urination. An expanded uterus pressurizes both the diaphragm and the bladder, and the situation results in the impairment of breathing and urination. Also, the stretching of the vagina and the cervix could cause significant swelling and pains on the perineum (National Partnership for Women and Families, 2010). Under normal circumstances, stretching fades away through the post-partum stage and women would only experience mild discomfort as structures regain their normal sizes. At the post-partum stage, pain and discomfort are mainly from mild spasm that characterize the process of regaining normalcy. Uterine prolapse, rectocele, and cystocele are sources of pains in the post-natal stage, and they bear link with earlier abdominal stretching (Romano, Cacciatore, Giordano, & Rosa, 2010, Pg. 22).
Nerve injury could also result in pain in pregnancies and deliveries that are non-complicated. Nerves that are likely to bear injury include the femoral, sciatic, lateral femoral cutaneous, obturator and the lumbosacral plexus. Such injuries could result from compression, traction, transection, as well as vascular injury. Most of the injuries would occur at childbirth following events such as prolonged abduction and hyperflexion of the hips. Physical injuries that hurt such nerves during antenatal and post-natal stages would also cause pain.
Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Approaches of Managing Intrapartum Pain
Pethidine is a strong and fast acting analgesic drug that could be useful in the relieve of intrapartum pain. It is an opioid and it works by mimicking endorphins. Endorphins stimulate their receptors to mediate pain, and their substitution with opioid drugs limit pain mediation. Opioid receptors occur in the brain and the spinal cord, and opioids interact with them to block the transmission of pain signals. However, the drug only alleviates the sensation of pain, but it does not eliminate the causal factor for such pain. Pethidine is beneficial in that it achieves effects within a short period not exceeding twenty minutes. It is also possible to take the drug through a variety of routes, hence making it applicable to a broad range of patients. Common routes of pethidine administration include intramuscular and subcutaneous injections, as well as an oral intake as tablets. The drug is also advantageous in that patients can take it either with food or without. Disadvantages of pethidine include its inducement of drowsiness in patients. Also, the drug is contraindicated in patients with constipation, yet the condition is common among obstetric patients.
Non-pharmacological interventions for the management of intrapartum pain include positive conditioning of the clinical environment and acupuncture. The former method involves minimization of distractions and creating a peaceful environment for relaxation. The method is cheap, easy to administer, and it applies to most types of obstetric patients. However, it has a low degree of efficiency, especially in comparison with the pharmacological techniques. As such, it would be risky to depend on the method alone for pain management. Acupuncture is beneficial in that it causes relaxation in patients and gives them a soothing sensation that minimizes the effect of labor pains. Unlike most of other procedures, acupuncture offers a desirable sensation that patients may yearn to experience. However, acupuncture is associated with risks such as loss of consciousness and the possibility of the emergence of sores at the site of administration (NHS Choices, 2015). The method also creates substantial predisposition of the acquisition of infections. Besides, organ injury may occur, and only qualified personnel should apply it.
PART 2
Considering particular factors that apply to patients before educating them is a move to offer high-quality obstetric care. Different pain management techniques used in obstetric care vary in the effect they have on patients. Some would be appropriate for a particular type of patients but inappropriate for others. Patients are likely to benefit from educations that address their concerns to satisfaction. As such, educators should convert their broad range of information into forms that are most helpful to their clients.
Patient history and examinations should be the focus of obstetric care educators. Some patients could present with occurrences that are not normal, especially regarding the use of medications. Before advocating for a particular anesthetic pharmacological methods of pain management, educators should evaluate their patients to establish the appropriate of such medications. The educators should use patient history to either approve or disapprove the necessity of using anesthetic drugs. For example, anesthetic drugs could cause adversities in patients with obesity, diabetes, preeclampsia, HELLP syndrome, and hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy. Important health conditions for educators to consider in their patients include the status of the lungs, heart, and airway. Such history would be vital in determining the form of obstetric care that clinicians would offer to their clients.
Educators should also assess the needs of their patients and consider them against the available resources. For instance, some women may have medical conditions that would suggest an indispensable need for analgesic or anesthetic interventions. Educators should purpose to offer recommendations to patients who are in need of them. Some healthy women may not need pain relieving medications, and educators would focus on other areas of care provision rather than exploring the drugs. Also, educators should learn the financial ability that their patients have so as to determine how accessible quality care is to them. For patients who may not meet the financial costs of standard care, educators would offer advice on insurance policies that the patient would consider in overcoming the challenge.
It would also be important for patient educators to consider the obstetric history of their patients. For instance, women who would have had complications in their previous deliveries might require anesthetic medications depending on the nature of their difficulties. Also, close monitoring of patients who have never given birth would be necessary. The educators would familiarize such patients on the issues to expect. For instance, they could inform them on the nature of pain and the best strategies for minimizing it. Giving such information would allow the patients to make necessary arrangements such as financial and behavioral preparations.
TENS (Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) is among common non-pharmacological methods that are used in managing pain in obstetric patients at the intrapartum level. The method involves the placement of four soft pads on the back of the patient and then running a gentle electric current to induce a massaging effect to the patient (Johnson, Paley, Howe, & Sluka, 2015).
It would be necessary for the patient to know the mechanism by which the method works. Informed patients are likely to cooperate and facilitate the use of the technique for pain relief. TENS work by creating a tingling sensation that stimulates the body to produce endogenous endorphins (Guy’s and St, Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, n.d., Pg. 4). Patients are likely to accept methods if they understand them fully.
Also, it would be important for the patient to know the benefits of using TENS in pain management. Such benefits include the handiness of the tool whereby one can control it effectively. Also, the method has no side effects to the newborn, making it a safe approach. Patients would rely on the benefits for them to consider exploiting the method.
The patient should also learn the shortcomings of the method. TENS is limited in that its effect is reduced if it is not started early enough. Also, there is a possibility of patients showing allergic reactions to the electrolytes used in TENS. Informing the patient on the disadvantages of the method would allow them make informed decisions.
The positions that patients assume when giving birth is also a non-pharmacological approach to managing intrapartum pains. Clients should understand the positions that would lead to minimal injury. The understanding would help them avoid unnecessary injuries.
The clients need understanding the benefits of applying the technique in managing pain. The benefits include shortened labor periods and its concurrent applicability of other methods. Knowing the advantages would enable patients determine whether they would need applying the technique.
Also, the patients should understand the shortcomings of the technique. For instance, none of the positions would alleviate pain completely. Again, the patient would require support from other persons for the method to work. Understanding the shortcomings would allow patients make informed choices.
National Partnership for Women and Families. (2010). Journey to Parenthood: your body in the third trimester of pregnancy National Partnership for women and families. Retrieved from http://www.childbirthconnection.org/article.asp?ck=10507
Romano, M., Cacciatore, A., Giordano, R., & La Rosa, B. (2010). Postpartum period: three distinct but continuous phases. Journal of Prenatal Medicine, 4(2), 22–25.
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The Project Paper focuses on a suggested topic related to art, architecture, history, music, or literature. The project will reflect your views and interpretation of the topic. This project is designed to help you stretch your mind and your abilities to be the creative, innovative, and critical thinker you already are!
Choose one (1) of the topics from the list of topic choices below. Read the topic carefully. Write a three to four (3-4) page paper (750-1,000 words) that responds to each of the items described in the topic.
For the topic you choose:
Support your ideas with specific, illustrative examples. If there are questions or points associated with your chosen topic, be sure to answer all of the listed questions and address all of the items in that topic. If your topic asks you to do several things related to the topic, be sure to do each of the things listed.
While some of the topics tend to lend themselves toward particular writing genres, you are not restricted to the specific format suggested for the individual topic. For example, you may do an “interview,” a “proposal,” a “letter,” a “short story,” a “blog,” an “essay,” an “article,” or any other written genre for almost any of the topics. The project is intended to be fun as well as informative, so feel free to be creative with the delivery of your information.
Use at least three (3) good quality academic sources, with one (1) source being the class text.
Note: Wikipedia and other similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources. You are highly encouraged to use the Resource Center tab at the top of your Blackboard page.
Note: Your instructor may require you to submit your topic choice for approval before the end of Week 5.
Topic choices (pick 1):
Office Art Memo. Memorandum. Your boss, who knows you have been taking a humanities class since he pays for your tuition reimbursement, has tasked you with managing the art budget for your company, expecting you to choose various pieces of art for the new corporate offices. (Note: Replicas of the works are acceptable since they are more cost-efficient and you are working on a budget.)
Include the following:
Identify three (3) examples of 19th century Impressionist painting or sculpture and three (3) Post-Impressionist works. Explain how the six (6) pieces of art fall into these two (2) styles.
In a memo, describe the appearance of your six (6) choices to your CEO so he or she will know what the art looks like and where it would be placed in the corporate offices.
Explain why each piece is considered to be historically significant.
Explain how each piece “fits” your company’s overall (or desired) corporate image. Keep in mind that a piece of art is supposed to “say” something about the owner, so describe what would these pieces of art say about your company.
New Composition. Speech. Your uncle’s birthday is in two (2) months, and everyone knows that he loves almost all kinds of music. As a birthday gift for him, you want to have a special piece of music composed in his honor which will be played at a family birthday celebration. Write a speech that you will make to the composer’s agent. Include the following:
Narrow your choices down to three (3) composers you’ve studied in this course. Choose one (1) of the composers and explain why you want him to write the “birthday present” music.
Explain why the other two (2) composers were ultimately not selected.
Specifically identify the musical elements in the composer’s style that you would like to be included in the new music written for your uncle.
Describe what sort of emotion is generated by listening to the works of your selected composer; in other words, what do you want your uncle to “feel” as he hears the music, and why is this composer so perfect for this composition?
Harlem Renaissance Poets. Essay & Poem. Choose two (2) poems by different authors from the Harlem Renaissance.
Write an essay that:
Describes each author’s role and importance within the Harlem Renaissance.
Identify the elements in each of their poems in which you see evidence of the “double-consciousness” being expressed by each author.
Fully describe at least two (2) primary themes you see in the poetry written during this time period, referring to specific lines in each of the poems.
Write your own poem that expresses these identified themes of the Harlem Renaissance.
Women’s Roles Then & Now.Script. Script a conversation between two (2) notable women from the 18th and / or 19th century on the roles women should play in society. Within the dialogue, include:
Biographical information for each woman.
The historical status for women in general during the time period in which each woman lived.
What opinions each of the women might have on the role the women should play in society during their lifetimes.
What each of the women might think about women’s current roles.
Other topic choice recommended and approved by the professor and supported by the grading rubric.
The Project Paper will be graded on:
The level to which the instructions were followed.
The extent to which all four (4) parts in the topic were addressed.
The adequacy of information, examples, and details which support the general claim or main idea.
The clarity and relevance of the explanations and descriptions.
Adherence to standard rules of grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.
The inclusion of three (3) required references (two [2] additional sources besides your textbook) documented using APA style.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; references must follow APA Style format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions specific to the selected topic. (Note: Students can find APA style materials located in the Additional Resources section of their Student Center within their course shell for reference)
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain how key social, cultural, and artistic contributions contribute to historical changes.
Explain the importance of situating a society’s cultural and artistic expressions within a historical context.
Examine the influences of intellectual, religious, political, and socio-economic forces on social, cultural, and artistic expressions.
Identify major historical developments in world cultures from the Renaissance to the contemporary period.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in the study of world cultures.
Write clearly and concisely about world cultures using proper writing mechanics.
Grading for this assignment will be based on answer quality, logic/organization of the paper, and language and writing skills, using the following rubric found here.
SAMPLE ANSWER
An Essay on the role of Women
A script of a possible Conversation between Carthay Williams and Fannie Farmer
Fannie Farmer: Wow! What do we have here, a woman in uniform? Someone pinch me so that I awake from this dream. I mean how is this even possible? Hello, I am Fannie Farmer, who may you be?
Carthay Williams: Excuse me missus, what do you mean you don’t believe your eyes? Is it because I am a black woman or because I am a black woman in uniform or because I am a woman in uniform? It’s always one of the three with surprised strangers.
Fannie: Sorry, that was not my intention, I did not mean it in any negative way, I was trying to say…
Williams: (interrupting Fannie) Then what is it that you meant? What is it about me that surprised you so much? Are you one of the members of the anti-abolitionist squads that want to see all black folk go back to cotton fields?!
Fannie: (Trying to speak with a firm voice) I meant to say I have never seen a woman in military uniform, whether in service or for any other purpose, that is what I meant, that is what surprised me, is it now an offence to register one’s sense of surprise?
Williams: (with wide grin on her face) I guess it’s only fair that I also apologize, my brash response is a defense mechanism I have developed over the years to fend off anybody who wants to tell me about the A-Z of Negroe woman stereotypes. I am Carthay Williams, (extending her hand) what is your name Ma’am?
Fannie: I am Mrs. Farmer, Fannie Farmer. Great to finally meet you, my older brother always talked about a black woman who fought in the war but we assumed it was another of his exaggerations. Up to this moment I did not believe he was telling the truth.
Williams: Is that so? I am also honored to finally meet you, I have heard a lot about you and the books you have written. It has always been assumed that women naturally belong in the Kitchen and know exactly what to do, your books enable them to exceed their normal capabilities in as far as making hearty meals is concerned. I find yours to be an amazing story given the fact that you had to stop school for almost a whole year due to health challenges!
Fannie: Compared to your achievements mine don’t even count, women are normally soft and vulnerable, meant to take care of the home. You took up arms and went to the military. Now that’s amazing. Yes, I had to stop my schooling for some years as I had a debilitating condition when much younger. I managed to proceed with my education due to my parent’s appreciation of its necessity. Though at times I wonder if it was sane to go back to school at 31 years of age.
Williams: In that case it is safe to say that you are my role model and I am yours. I wonder how we would fare as women in the 21st Century. I think we would still stand out; feminism has played a role in uplifting the position of women in society. However there are still many glass ceilings set for women.
Fannie: I know, right?, You would be some form of demi-goddess in this society as women still lag behind men in many areas. While the concept of house-wife does not hold the connotation it held in the 19th Century, women are still lagging behind in the different areas of life such as work and the political process. Do you think they would manage to go through a whole day as a woman in the 1800s?
Williams: Personally I believe they could survive even a whole year. Despite society defining us by our weaknesses, we are actually very strong and thick skinned we take the different challenges we encounter head on. Take yourself as an example, you were threatened by a disease that would have otherwise rendered you dependent on family but you came out strong. I on my part took up arms and fought alongside men, overcoming the stereotype of women being weak and timid. We both overcame barriers that society had placed for women and we emerged victorious. Had we not, this would have been a dull and rather short conversation.
Fannie: You are very right about that. It was nice meeting you and also a pleasure talking with you Mrs. Williams, if you have time you should surely pay me a visit. I will be in town for the next two weeks giving lectures in the College to your left.
