Category: Writing

Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility

Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility
Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility

Cultural competence: Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility

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Its a research paper not essay

The M6A3: Cultural Competence: Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility Paper counts as 30% of your grade for this course.

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Week 2: Begin developing an outline for your paper.
Week 3: You should have your outline completed.
Week 4: You should be using your outline to write your paper.
Week 5: Continue work on your paper.
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linked item M6A3: Cultural Competence: Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility Paper
Using APA format, write a six (6) to ten (10) page paper (excludes cover and reference page) that examines culturally sensitive nursing care. The paper consists of two (2) parts and must be submitted by the close of week six (6).

A minimum of three (3) current professional references must be provided. Current references include professional publications and valid websites dated within five (5) years. Additionally, a textbook that is no more than one (1) edition old may be used.

Part 1 – Introduction

Address the following:

Using your own words, define culturally competent nursing care. Support the definition with a professional literature citation.
Identify four (4) guidelines the registered professional nurse may use to enhance the ability to provide culturally competent nursing care. Provide one example the culturally competent nurse applies to each of the four (4) selected guidelines. At least one example must address care of patient not occurring in an acute care hospital.
Describe how the registered professional nurse evaluates if the patient’s cultural needs have been met?
Describe whether cultural practices must be accommodated in all aspects of health care? Provide a specific example and rationale to support your response.
Part 2- Demonstrating Culturally Competent Nursing Care

Address the following:

Select one of the following cultures:

  • Asian
  • Native American
  • Hispanic

Select four (4) cultural features, associated with the selected cultures that influence the provision of nursing care for patients with chronic illness and at the end of their lives. Describe how the four (4) cultural features influence the provision of care to the patients.
Provide two (2) examples that demonstrate nursing care, which reflects the respect for the dignity and uniqueness of those cultural features for patients experiencing chronic illness and at the end of their lives.

Compose your work using a word processor (or other software as appropriate) and save it frequently to your computer. Use a 12 font size, double space your work and use APA format for citations, references, and overall format. Assistance with APA citations and references is available through the free resource Citation Machine™. Assistance with APA format, grammar, and avoiding plagiarism is available for free through the Excelsior College Online Writing Lab (OWL). Be sure to check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors before you submit your assignment

NB
This task is 7 pages.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility

Cultural competence: Registered Professional Nurse Responsibility

Today, registered nurses offer public health care to populations from diverse cultures; each with unique cultural and religious spirituality. Culture is defined as shared values and character, transmitted from one generation to another, which distinguish individuals of one group from another.   Therefore, it is vital to understand patient cultural background   because they impact significantly on the patients’ health and illness (Astrid et al, 2010).  Cultural diversity is recognizes individual uniqueness in terms of their socio economic status, physical attributes, ethnicity, political and religious beliefs. The cultural diversity concept entails respecting person’s cultural background in order to relate with them i.e. cultural competence. According to The Primary care Access Network (PCAN) of central Florida, culture competence refers to all activities geared towards effective and sensitive delivery of quality health care.   It entails a set of attitudes and regulatory policies that work together in ensuring that health care practitioners function effectively and sensitively across the board. Becoming culturally competent requires self-awareness and commitment to give safe and quality health care services to everyone irrespective of their backgrounds (CDC, 2014).To provide competent  health care, the following four guidelines are  followed; a) Acknowledge and respect  diverse cultural influence b) Cultural care accommodation c) Widen  knowledge on cultural diversity and d) Culture care preservation

To start with, the practitioner should acknowledge and respect the cultural influence in personal and professional way of life.  The guideline supports patient centered model; where the nurse focuses on the patient rather than treating the illness.  According to this guideline, illness is interpretation of individual’s ailment interpreted by their sociocultural factors. For instance, some cultures may associate mental disorder such as Schizophrenia as being inhabited by evil spirit.  It is the nurse’s obligation to listen the disease description according to the patient’s perspective. Secondly, health practitioner should be vigilant regarding the dynamics of cross cultural relations to enhance communication. Cross cultural interaction brings forth the possibility of misjudging other people’s actions or intentions. More insights on patient’s cultural background minimize stereotyping incidences; and develop mutual beneficial relationship between the parties.  The medical practitioner should Listen to patient’s description of the problem; explain the perception into medical terms and prescribe the treatment (Norton &Marks-Maran, 2014).

Thirdly, The practitioners should broaden their cultural diversity knowledge, and incorporate it into their profession.  The increased knowledge about the person’s sociocultural concepts enhances the relationship especially during physical examination processes i.e.   facilitate in identifying what questions to ask, avoid, modify and how to put them across. For instance, questioning sexual behavior among Hispanic community is disrespectful, and patients may not collaborate. Some religion does not permit vaccination, and therefore, may exempt their new born from getting immunization. Nurses should get acquainted on the relevant sociocultural beliefs of the ethnographic local communities. Lastly, Nurses should develop and adapt to the identified culturally sensitive interventions which will enhance better relation between patients’ needs and clinicians needs (Dudas, 2012).

An Islam Imam (spiritual leader) suffered mild dementia while visiting his son in Toronto.  He was physically examined, and all cultural questions posed were answered by his son. The patient condition deteriorated and was transferred to the ICU. After several interventions, the nurse in-charge decided to help the elderly man in grooming and personal hygiene.  The first step was to clean shave the long and unkempt beard. In the process, the nurse let the man know that she was going to shave his beard; the man seemed to nod, and the nurse concluded that he agreed with the entire hygiene Practices. The nurse went home very happy and proud to have provided such good comfort and care for the elderly. When the son visited the following morning, he was horrified at the sight of his father. He rushed out of the room and reprimanded the nurse. Apparently, the father was a holy man so his beard had never been cut. The family had to make new arrangements of how to sacrifice for this taboo. The nurse was charged with negligence of cultural beliefs Therefore, it is important to identify all practices and beliefs by designing assessment questions elicit to provide more information. The healthcare institution should involve political, religious and non-religious experts when designing such assessments. This will ensure that health care services are delivered in a way that respects and values cultural practices. From this example, it is obvious that cultural competent care is very important in providing quality and satisfying patients care (CNO, 2009).

Nursing scholars have debated on ways to ensure cultural competence in nursing. Cultural assessment interview plays vital role when evaluating patient cultural needs. This is done by asking relevant but open-ended questions to the patient, and giving them opportunities to elaborate on them (Mareno & Hart, 2014). Patients become more co-operative if a nurse shows interest in learning more their cultural back ground. The nurse should make the comfortable enough to make the open up about everything they have done prior to seeking medical attention.   Georgetown University have established Cultural competence Health practitioner Assessment program which can be downloaded from their website.  Generally, The nurse must listen and must not misjudge or stereotype the patient. Some of the questions that could be integrated  to gather clients culture include; asking the patient to explain  what could have  caused the ailment; letting the patient explain what they think the disease does to them; enquiring on the major  problem the patient thinks could have been caused by the illness; what steps or precautions they have taken since  commencement of the illness; enquire what kind of treatment they expect or their overall expectation;  and asking  for other  information that seems  culturally important (Mcclimens et al, 2014).

Nursing profession is a caring profession. Nurses must reflect on cultural values of the society especially in this era of globalization and massive international movement.   The only way to ensure that cultural competent services are offered is by acquiring more about transcultural nursing practices, especially by conducting comparative analysis of various cultures nursing care, values and beliefs. (Mareno & Hart, 2014). However,  noting the broad differences  across culture is not enough, relying on data only risks generalization and stereotyping because even two individuals from the same community or ethnic group,  may have different experiences and expectations from  the same illness, influenced by their education and socio economic background. Language barriers are the most common obstacle when delivering health care services which impedes clear communication between patient and the health practitioner.  Most common law suits are miscommunication related cases. Understanding cultural diversity will improve patient treatment and safeguard them from malpractice (Rily, Tish &Nancy, 2014). The world is a global village.  Citizens from any particular part of the world are from all sorts of backgrounds. This presents challenges to the health sector during service delivery to patients. Therefore, cultural competency and sensitivity program must be incorporated in medical schools. Leaving cultural disparities in health care unattended could lead to high turnover rate, mortalities and disease burden in certain geographic locations.  This will directly or indirectly impact on every person in the US.  Therefore, every health practitioner has unique opportunity to take leadership to improve quality of life through culturally competent health care (Mcclimens et al, 2014).

Part 2

Good health care practices entail the provision of quality care through changing risky behavior that hallmarks cultural miscommunications and misunderstandings. These misunderstandings are obstacles in responding to the growing health care demands for Hispanics.  Hispanics represents approximately 55% of US total population. Hispanic culture upholds family institution, and it comprises of the extended relatives including grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins, god parents and family’s siblings. When ill, Hispanic person mostly consult with their family members, and frequently ask the members to accompany them to the hospital. Hispanic culture entails provision of love and support to the ill; which could be opposed by institutional rules such as limit of patient’s visitors (Antonio, 2014).

Additionally, Hispanic culture emphasizes on interdependence and cooperation. Therefore, the patient’s relatives will be actively involved in decision making and treatment processes which may not be entertained by most health institutions. Hispanic culture is mediated by respect. Respect involves appropriate behavior based on individual’s age, gender, and socio economic status. Thus, the elderly demands respect from the young, men demands respect from women and so on. Hispanics show respect by avoiding eye contact to the authority which could be misinterpreted as   lack of interest. Due to their medical expertise, health practitioners are afforded great respect; most Hispanic patient will regard the physician advice.   Respect is highly valued in this culture and a patient may terminate treatment if any signs of disrespect are perceived. Family information remains confidential and must remain within the family. Therefore, questions on health related problems such as sexual practices, alcoholism and mental disorders are perceived as embarrassing and disrespectful.  To gather this kind of information, registered nurse should ask them indirectly (CNO, 2009).

As a registered nurse, having some culture insights facilitate communication. Therefore, working in ethnographic regions whose larger local population is Hispanics; the health practitioner should retrieve secondary data analyzed by CDC databases. Due to their collectivistic tendency, registered nurse should allow collective responsibility during decision making. Most Hispanics are group oriented. The family has a right to make decisions regarding health care interventions necessary and in most cases, they are actively involved in decision process in order to allow the patient to rest and recover peacefully. The nurse can request the patient to identify the family’s spokesman. If they are out of country, the nurse should be patient and wait to get consent for the therapy.  To accord respect to the patient, the nurse can address them using their language formal titles such as, Mr., Mrs., Miss, Senöra or Senör. In most cases, Hispanics nod out of respect to the authority (health practitioner), that does not necessarily imply that they agree with the nurse. In this case, the registered nurse should pay attention to the non- verbal communication, and attempt to clarify further if required.  In most cases, silence is a sign of respect; the nurse should be patient for a response. If need be, the nurse can ask for an interpreter. Additionally, most Hispanic is religious and beliefs that illness and death are natural life processes. Because of this belief, the patient tends to neglect health acre attention until their health worsens significantly.  In some cases, the family may want the patient spend end of life at home. The patient may associate the setting impersonal and disrupts their family relationship (CDC, 2014).

Nurses are privileged to meet people during the period of crisis in their lives when they are required to provide their expertise. People attitude toward death and bereaved are influenced by their cultural, religious and socioeconomic background. The nurse should always remember that there are aspects within every cultural grouping which could be solved through competent cultural care and comprehensive communication. For instance, a client from Hispanic community requests for sweet-grass ceremony as her last wish. The ceremony is a part of cultural treatment, which involves burning of incense stick and prayer chanting, and will be conducted in the hospital.  Heeding to the patient’s request implies that the nurse will break the institutional policy. What is the solution to this case scenario? In this case, other options should be explored by consulting the relevant authorities in other departments.  If the activity is determined as risky to other patients, then the client can be transferred to private room where the ceremony can be conducted.   Inexperience’s and fear are the most common obstacles to providing cultural competence care. Through consultation with higher authorities, the nurse is able to address the issue (CNO, 2009).

References

Antonio, MA. 2014. Latin American culture: A deconstruction of stereotypes. Studies in Latin American Popular Culture Vol 32, 73-100

APA. (2012) “Culturally diverse communities and end of life care.” Retrieved on January 16th, 2015 from [http://www.apa.org/pi/aids/programs/eol/end-of-life-diversity.pdf]

Astrid, W., Et al. (2010) A londitudinal study of cultural competence among health science faculty. Journal of cultural diversity, Vol 17; 2, p68-72

CDC. 2014. “Building our understanding: culture insights communicating with Hispanics/latinos.” Retrieved on January 16th, 2015 from [http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/healthycommunitiesprogram/tools/pdf/hispanic_latinos_insight.pdf]

CNO. 2009.   “Practice guideline: Culturally sensitive care.” Retrieved on January 16th, 2015 from [http://www.cno.org/Global/docs/prac/41040_CulturallySens.pdf]

Dudas, K. (2012) Cultural competence: An evolutionary concept analysis. Nursing Education Perspectives 33; 5,317-321

Norton, D. & Marks- Maran, D (2014) Developing cultural sensitivity and awareness in nursing overseas. Nursing standards, 28, 44, 39-44

Mareno, N. & Hart, PL (2014) Cultural competency among nurses with undergraduate and graduate degrees: Implications for nursing education. Nursing education perspective 35, 2, 83-90

Mcclimens, A. Et al (2014) Recognizing and respecting patient’s cultural diversity. Nursing standard, 28; 28, 45-52

Riley, D., Tish, S., & Nancy, Y. (2012) Cultural competence of practicing nurses entering an RN-BSN program. Nursing education perspective 33, 6, 381-385

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Walt Disney production company promotion

Walt Disney production company promotion
Walt Disney production company promotion

Walt Disney production company promotion

Order Instructions:

look to get some help

SAMPLE ANSWER

The Walt Disney production company is best known for its products that are well distributed in various segments of the market. In addition, Disney Company is well known in the operations of the television networks where the company carries out aggressive marketing to reach and convince their clients. The company aids in the marketing of the publishing merchandise and theater division which are best known in the production of good products in return. Disney Company has a marketing strategy that incorporates 4ps incorporated with the four P’s to enhance the effeteness of their marketing strategy as they attempt to reach their clients.

For every product its life cycle is based on the biological life cycle which explains the returns which the product has to bring out before it deteriorates again. The product life cycle is similar to the customer life cycle since they all focus on the creation of the given product and even delivering it to the customer even for a lifetime period. On the other side, the customer life cycle looks at the needs of the customer through the product and incorporates all that is needed to be done to impress the customer.

Place is another factor that is highly considered in acquiring customers in market. The product ought to be situated in a place that is well convenient to the customers to avoid any disappointments following its unavailability. The better the distribution of the product is done, the higher the sales it will give in return due to its availability to many customers at all the time (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2011).

Promotion is a tool that is highly used by the marketer in marketing his product by the use of good communication techniques. There are different mixes in the marketing promotions and this explains why a customer relies so much on material cues despite the fact tat the material part of a service is said to be the physical evidence of that product. In regard to a given service there are no physical attributes attached to it because services will always be produced and consumed at the same time. The individual needs of the customer have to be met even if it call for the alteration of the services provided to impress the customer following that they are the most important element of the service. There is the need to have an outstanding process to achieving an outcome that is highly needed to ensure that a product is well marketed. The product needs to be advised by the use of the media where many customers will get to familiarize themselves with it. The internet is another area where the product needs to be marketed since, most of the people are now able to access the internet from all the corners of the world and this will help to boost the interest of buying the product by the customers.

The target market mostly is the people who are interested in buying the product after viewing it in the media or the internet. This explains why the product during advertising or promotion needs to be described with many details as much as possible. It is prudent to be familiar with the type of people who consume the product either male or female, their age, their residences, and what they do for a living in order to know what is required in the product production to capture the target market. The marketing of the product need to be done to all age groups even though socioeconomic status may be a key factor to be determined.

There is a form of differentiation in the consumer marketplace and this is the reason as to why all people need to be aware of the new product because, they all have possibility of buying it. On the side of age, there are no big issues since; people now can repeat stages of their lives and as well recycle their lives as they deem it necessary. Age is the key to success, the hard work one employs in what he does is what leads to his success which makes him being termed as a wealthy person. These factors have been used over along reasonable time hence; they are well trusted in giving a more accurate picture of the target consumer in the given market. However, cohort market opposes the functioning of the generational marketing therefore; it leads to making the customers to behave in a differently compared to other people in different cohorts. Cohort marketing is also known to help in the formation of a bond that helps in uniting people of different age group. People behave differently in terms regarding their differences in age which is a factor highly considered in marketing of products (Lamb, Hair, & McDaniel, 2011). The generational and the cohorts marketing highly put into consideration the life stages because people of different ages are said to like different products all together hence, there is the need to have narrower reading for better understanding

Reference

Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F., & McDaniel, C. (2011). Essentials of Marketing. Cengage Learning; 7 edition

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Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children

Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children

Order Instructions:

Follow all the given guidelines. See the attached files.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Reflection #1: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children

VAPs are hospital acquired pneumonia that occurs in patients who have undergone mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours; and previously had no symptoms of respiratory infection before the treatment. VAP occurs when bacteria colonize the lower respiratory tract in patient undergoing mechanical ventilation treatment.  Microorganisms can be introduced to the lower respiratory system through micro-aspiration of bacteria from upper respiratory system or gastrointestinal tract or via biofilm production from the endotracheal tube (ETT) The diagnosis for ventilator associated pneumonia in children (VAP) is challenge. VAP is ranked as high health risk for hospitalized children. It accounts for 18% to 26% of Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs).  Currently, pneumonia is ranked as the 6th leading cause of death in US (Swedick et al, 2012).

VAP prevalence rate ranges from 10 to 30% and mortality rate ranging from 33% to 50%. It is associated with lengthened hospital stays; increased health costs, high rates of multi-drug resistant infections and delayed recoveries. It is estimated that 300000 VAP incidences are reported every year; and costs health care over $12billion annually.  VAP is also associated with prolonged hospital stays to up to 22 days, costing $40000 per patient. The hospitalization cost for pediatric VAP cases is $308534 as compared to $252652 for patients free VAP. Evidently, there needs an effective strategy to target control for VAP from vantage points  including medical team training universal hygiene and establishing effective protocol for microbiological infection surveillance. Integration of VAP strategic preventive interventions into clinical practices has been ineffective. In fact; studies indicate that only 22.3% of nurses and care givers practice the published infection prevention recommendations. The implementation of VAP-prevention guideline from previous studies is inconclusive (Cooper &Haut, 2013).

References

Cooper, VB., &Haut, C. (2O13) Preventing ventilator associated pneumonia in children: An evidence based protocol. Critical Nurse Care 33; 3, 21-33. Retrieved on January 21st, 2015 from

[http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=ace834bd-2fcf-4f62-8716-b48d2268013c%40sessionmgr113&vid=0&hid=108]

Swedick, MB. Et al. (2012) Using evidence based practice to prevent ventilator associated pneumonia. Critical Nurse Care 32; 4, 41-54. Retrieved on January 21st, 2015 from [http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4e4b66cd-23f9-45e8-a2f5-1006c82cf90b%40sessionmgr115&vid=0&hid=108]

Reflection #2: Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAPs) in children – PICO (T)

Research question: Which is the most effective preventive strategy to reduce the VAP prevalence in intubated children: VAP bundle or standard oral hygiene?

  1. Endotracheal tube insertion criteria and duration, high level of microscopic aspiration, Biofilms from colonization
  2. VAP is associated with microbial infection consistent with presence of endotracheal tube and mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hrs. In children, it is often associated with oral and mechanical hygiene because there is association between oropharynx microbials and VAPs incidences.
  3. Maintenance of good oral hygiene such as tooth brushing and use of oral antiseptic reagents such as chlorhexidine, airways clearance and use of bedside protocols preventive strategies
  4. The incidence of VAPs in children could be effectively reduced in children through implementing VAPs prevention guidelines and use of ventilator care bundles
  5. Treatment is matched to the causative agent for 7 to 14days

The article on “proposed pediatric specific bundle offers new strategies for preventing ventilator associated pneumonia in children” by Viejo C. evaluates the evidence for mechanical hygiene and ventilator care bundles in prevention of VAP incidences in children. The paper acknowledges the limited research in   VAP prevalence and prevention strategies in children. Further, the article recommends the integration of VAP strategic preventive interventions into clinical practices to effectively reduce VAP incidences in children. In fact; studies indicate that only few of nurses and care givers practice the published infection prevention recommendations. The implementation of VAP-prevention guideline will facilitate effective reduction of VAP in children.

References

Viejo, A. (2013) ‘Pediatric specific bundle offer new strategies for preventing associated pneumonia in children.’ Retrieved on January 21st, 2015 from [http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/pediatric-specific-bundle-offers-new-strategies-for-preventing-ventilator-association

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Global Supply Chains Assignment Available

Global Supply Chains
Global Supply Chains

Global Supply Chains

Order Instructions:

In 2-3 pages maximum, discuss the impact (negative and positive) that regulation/deregulation has had on the growth and/or continued growth of intermodal transportation in both countries. Ensure you site specific examples in your paper. You are encouraged to use the internet and other sources to support your discussion.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Global Supply Chains

Introduction

The changing requirements of global supply chains have led to the renewed focus of the intermodal freight transportation whereby, all the types of transportation freight have gone through various types of technological evolutions. During the 20th century, this technological intermodal transportation freight has been able to function separately under a regulatory modally based structure that has been of great help in the technological world (Muller, 1999). Technological intermodal transportation is driven and also challenged by four factors including policy and regulatory issues, measuring, understanding, and in the changing customer requirements the role of intermodalism is being responded to. Technological intermodalism has highly contributed in the hyper competition of supply chains in a global marketplace thus leading to quality production of the supply chains due to the competition thereof. The second factor that challenges the technological intermodal transportation is the need to have a reliable and a flexible respond to the changing customer requirements with seamless integrated fright coordination. The third factor is the knowledge of the future and the current intermodal operations options and alternatives, the challenges associated with the application together with the potential for improved communication and information. The better management of the existing infrastructure constrains and coordination of the improved infrastructure is also a factor that challenges the technological intermodal transportation.

Impact on Pricing

The continued growth of intermodal transportation has led to the increased regulations on pricing whereby, research reforms are considered to be the main barriers to the urban and the interurban road transport pricing. The marginal cost based pricing on the roads are said to fall unevenly on the population since the costs fall unevenly on the given population and the benefits are not evenly distributed. The other concern that is said to outweigh the pricing benefits in terms of efficiency is the political acceptability which mainly interferes with the pricing of the intermodal freight transportation of a given country. The scope of coverage of the pricing system is also a policy issues that interferes with the level of consumption and the pricing measures and this leads to a high degree of differentiation in different vehicles over a great period of time. The reliability of conventional prediction methods are negatively affected by the pricing complexities whose economic and equity impact remains a significant challenge. In the case of pure textbook forms pricing matters are rarely implemented (Muller, 1999).

Pricing is said to be of great importance to the social costs which are mainly the externalities by the use of the economy which is a key weapon through the provision of a capacity allocation mechanism to the pricing rate. Economy is well known to be a market based way to internalize problematic externalities at the airport, hence, being able to handle the pricing matters which may be a threat. Muller (1999) argue that, the acceptability of the road user charging scheme has been positively affected by the use of scheme and the complementary policy instruments to handle pricing matters.

Impact on Safety

There are different safety criteria which also obtained for different types intermodal transportation. Safety measures are well improved by presence of informed drivers, driver safety, fewer errors and comfort in the transportation sector. The role of policy has been emphasized and this has contributed to the improving of the safety measures in the growth of the intermodal transportation (Muller, 1999). This has helped in minimizing the number of drivers who drive under the influence of alcohol since; they are now arrested and convicted in the courts. The development of the traffic law monitoring database has been established in some countries therefore, highly contributing to the safety measures through the handling of data concerning actors related to the enforcement safety campaign.

The substantial traffic policing which is aimed at bringing safety measures is not a cheap exercise due to its high expenses. In some of the countries there are institutional barriers together with the ministries and the local authorities on the matters regarding the policy force a factor which interferes with safety measures.

Impact on Quality

Services for the people with disability are said to be inadequate with many inadequate people not being aware of complaint procedures leading to quality reduction since, the growth of intermodal transportation is interfered with. Consumers are not fully aware of their rights and responsibility and this makes to be faced with a relatively complex fare structure leading to the obtaining of low quality services in bid to regulate the growth of the intermodal transportation. On the other side the regulation of the hackney and taxi operation is inadequate causing low servicers offering to the clients who use the transportation services.

Barrier systems offer the best solution to sites where regular monitoring by the staff is not possible whereby, remote controllers are also installed in smaller car parks to improve the quality of the intermodal transportation. In the monitoring of the transportation quality, automatic number plate recognition has also been installed to view the happenings in a camera. There is the introduction of parking charging fee which is used to maintain the parking sites hence, improving their quality therefore; it has to be paid before parking a vehicle.

Reference

Muller, G. (1999). Intermodal Freight Transportation. Eno Transportation Foundation, Inc.,

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Nursing Practitioner Career Trajectory

Nursing Practitioner Career Trajectory
Nursing Practitioner Career Trajectory

Nursing Practitioner Career Trajectory

Order Instructions:

The writer should take note that the prefer area of practice is clinical settings , and it is very important that the writer pay attention to all the components of this paper and incorporate everything that is been asked.

NP Career Trajectory.

For this paper, you will develop your plan to become a NP. First, take time to examine the roles of the advanced practice nurse within the context of the United States healthcare delivery system.

Identify your preferred areas of practice (clinical settings) and necessary steps to reach this goal (including acquiring licensure, certification, DEA numbers, etc.).

Identify who you will draw upon for professional support.

Further, identify areas of involvement, such as research, policy, etc., that you would like to be involved in and create your plan for lifelong learning and professional development. Be sure to use the grading rubric as an outline for developing your paper!

Your paper should be 7 pages (excluding the title and reference pages).

Resources

Textbooks, read the following:
Advanced Practice Nursing:

Emphasizing Common Roles
• Review previously assigned chapters
Please review the following web resources:
• Reel, S. (2011). Developing a Business Plan
• Australia North Territory Department of Health – Evidence Portfolio (Australian based resource but wonderful for stimulating ideas!)
• RNDegrees. Net (2006-2011) Why become a nurse practitioner?
• NHS Career Planner for Nurses (United Kingdom resources, but wonderful, again, for stimulating ideas!)

SAMPLE ANSWER

Nursing Practitioner Career Trajectory

Introduction

One area of the socio-economic landscape of the United States that has changed dramatically over the past 50 years is healthcare. Improvements in technology, changes in population, advancements in science and also policy development among others have had a direct impact on how healthcare services are delivered to the general population across the country. While physicians continue to be seen as the key decision makers in this sector of the economy, the impact that nurses have had throughout this period cannot be overlooked. The sheer amount of contact hours that nurses have with patients means that their role has also evolved over the years (ANA, 2014).

The term nurse is often associated with the act of a person of the female gender taking care of an ill individual. This is because the origins of nursing as a profession lie in women taking up the position in the formative years of healthcare due to their perceived nurturing nature. This meant that there was little training if any on standardized practices to be adhered to by nurses. This however changed in the middle of the 20th Century in the United States when it was realized the a swelling national population would demand a more structured form of service delivery by nurses. This led to the formulation and development of academic programs that would be used to compliment and improve the work of nurses (RNDegrees, 2011).

Over the past half century these academic programs have diversified and led to the development of  positions such as Nursing Practitioner and also Advanced Practice Nurses. In this exercise the  dynamics surrounding this position will be illustrated as I elaborate on my desired career trajectory in this profession.

My Preferred Areas of Practice

As stated above, the duties of Advanced Practice Nurses have a scope that spans across the entire healthcare sector. For one to practice however it is important that he or she specialize in one of these areas. Personally I would like to pursue the areas of Geriatric care as well as Palliative care. While the two are different areas of specialization, they are closely related given the fact that they are both primarily aimed at the more elderly patients who have relatively similar healthcare needs.

Geriatric healthcare encompasses the provision of healthcare-related services to individuals whose health is compromised by the natural process of ageing. Unlike conventional healthcare which aims to cure diseases, geriatric care is more of a continuous process given that ageing is not a reversible process. It therefore entails the treatment of a number of terminal illnesses as well as other healthcare complications that come from ageing. These include the inability of some patients to take adequate care of themselves. Demand for geriatric care is only set to increase in the near future as a result of improved healthcare which gives individuals a chance to live longer than they do today; an increase in the life-expectancy. The elderly are often plagued by a host of mental problems such as dementia, reduced immunity and also severely limited mobility.

Palliative care on the other hand is the delivery of healthcare services to individuals who are perceived to be nearing the end of their lives due to the diagnosis or advancement of a terminal illness. These include cancer, cardio-vascular ailments and also select respiratory conditions. It seeks to improve the life of the patient as well as his or her family who have to psychologically take in the fact that their loved one has a relatively short time to live. It mainly involves the management of pain. A large number of the consumers of this healthcare service also happen to be the elderly in society. This is the reason why I would like to pursue a nursing career in this area in the future. Such a career path will enable me to work in a hospice or home for the elderly in a practical as well as administrative position.

The Steps Necessary for Pursuing Geriatric and Palliative Care Nursing Careers

For an individual to become an advanced practice nurse who is specialized in the provision of Geriatric healthcare services it is imperative that he or she acquire the right mix of academic credentials, practical experience and also official accreditation through licensing. The manner in which these are acquired needs to be in tandem with the set of standards that have been set within the country an individual wishes to practice this form of nursing. In the United States, an APRN who is specialized in nursing needs to have undertaken undergraduate education in nursing, attained a degree then combined it with post graduate certification in the area of geriatrics (ANCC, 2014). At the same time it is necessary for this individual to have a license for him or her to practice as a nurse.

At graduate level the individual needs to undertake an undergraduate degree course that all nurses have to undertake. This will provide him or her with industry knowledge, best-practices, theoretical information and also practical skills that are required of nurses. There is little or no specialization in careers for those undertaking nursing at an undergraduate level. The most that one can specialize in is adult-gerontology which is basically the study of how nursing is relevant to individuals who are in their early stages of ageing as well as those in the more advanced stages. This means there is a wide scope with regard to the ages considered (RNDegrees, 2011).

For one who is interested in practicing geriatric healthcare at an Advanced Practice Nurse Level it is essential that he or she participate in a program that provides adequate clinical as well as didactic experience for the students. This means that from an early stage the prospective APRN has a higher skill and knowledge level than the conventional nurse. The graduate education of an APRN not only prepares him or her for the technical dynamics of the healthcare sector. These nurses also get to be prepared emotionally and psychologically for a higher level of accountability and emotional preparedness for the increased level of responsibility. These undergraduate programs take three to four years to complete (Niagra College Canada, 2014).

Post Graduate Degree in Geriatric Nursing

Following the graduation from an undergraduate program it is also important that the prospective APRN undertakes a Master’s Degree program. This provides the nurse with administrative skills as well as more specialized education on how to resolve health problems of the elderly through advanced nursing. The programs take between two and three years. They are more oriented towards problem-solving than the undergraduate degrees. The title of the specific courses varies greatly from university to university. It may therefore have a prefix of Masters of Science.. or other similar titles.

Certification

In addition to the acquisition of academic credentials, it is necessary for APRNs to have a certificate that has been issued by the American Nurses’ Credentialling Center, ANCC. This allows the individual to work as a nurse practitioner. The certificate awarded is highly course specific. One also requires a certificate in one of the areas of Geriatric Nursing. There are different sub-sections of geriatric nursing and these include health promotion, emerging issues, the management of chronic health challenges and also the theories that scholars have formulated in relation to Nursing. It is also important to note that some institutions of learning will insist on a set of academic credits coupled with a number of clinical practice hours before allowing an individual to enroll in their post-graduate nursing programs. An exam set by the Nursing board needs to be passed prior to the issuance of this certificate (AACN, 2014).

One also needs to have a Nursing Practitioner’s license and this is awarded following an application for the same in the specific region, state or territory he or she would like to work in as a nurse (RNAO, 2014).

Professional Support

For professional support I will have to rely on a mentor who is more advanced than myself in terms of experience, exposure and possibly academically in the area of Geriatric Nursing. This will most likely be a professor or an individual who plays a supervisory role in the healthcare institution that I will be attached to. This will help me in consultations about the challenges I face on a day to day basis in clinical practice as well as personal development in the field. I will also register as a member of the local APRN nurses association. Here I will have a lot of peer to peer interactions and networking. Having a formal membership in the association will also enable me to benefit from collective bargaining that may arise from time to time in the course of my work.

Further professional support will be drawn from my former colleagues who studied with me during the undergraduate and post graduate nursing programs. This will mainly be in the form of comparing notes with them as we exchange our unique experiences.

Areas I would like to be involved in in the future

In a bid to ensure that my career involves life-long learning and professional development I would like to be involved in policy development, research and also ethics. These areas have been singled out because of their relatively high potential with respect to the objectives I have.

Policy development stands out because it is an ever-continuous process that goes hand in hand with the work of APRNs. The past half century has seen changes to policy with an effort to ensure nurses have a much larger impact in improving healthcare for the swelling population of the country. Through legislation nursing has become more of a profession due to the introduction of academic programs which led to the standardization of the practices. The legal framework governing the work of Nursing Practitioners in Geriatric Clinics as well as those in hospices is constantly undergoing transformation subjective to the different territories and the most pressing issues that arise (Discover Nursing, 2014). As such it is important for individuals with ground knowledge on the dynamics of nursing to be involved in the formulation of these laws. Projected changes in the cultural as well as economic landscape of the country has profound implications for the nursing practitioner profession.

Ethics in nursing mainly involves the pursuit of systems, procedures and clinical environments that will ensure the greatest good and this basically means improvements on the well-being of patients. As medical technology and scientific knowledge increase over time, approaches used in the tendering of healthcare services to elderly patients also changes. These changes however need to be constantly evaluated with the mind of prioritizing the healthcare needs of the patient among other needs that may arise such as the comfort of healthcare workers or financial objectives of private clinics. This too is another area that I would like to pursue.

I may also be interested in the area of Research and Development of new techniques of healthcare delivery to Geriatric patients. This involves a lot of study, bench-marking and also comparison. Wide travel too may be a component of this aspect of healthcare. As such it promises to not just add to my knowledge but also help me develop professionally (Hamric et al, 2000).

Conclusion

From the above it is evident that the path to being an Advanced Practice Registered Nurse is long and demanding. This is occasioned by the ever changing healthcare landscape and the emergence of needs that were relatively isolated in the past. The advancements in healthcare and quality of life are leading to larger populations of the elderly. This motivates me to want to be an advanced practice nurse who has specialized in Geriatric healthcare. I therefore have to commit to a rigid academic schedule as well as practical experience if I am to succeed in this endeavor.

References

AACN Certification Corporation. (2014) The New APRN Regulatory Model: Defining the Future of Advanced Practice Nursing. Retrieved from http://www.aacn.org/wd/certifications/content/newaprnregulatorymodel.pcms?menu=certification  on 18th January, 2015

American Nurses Association, ANA (2014) Advanced Practice Nurses. Retrieved from http://nursingworld.org/EspeciallyForYou/AdvancedPracticeNurses  on January 18, 2015

American Nurses Credentialing Center, ANCC (2014) Consensus Model for APRN Regulation. Retrieved from http://www.nursecredentialing.org/Certification/APRNCorner/APRN-FAQ  on 18th January 2015

Discover Nursing (2014) Hospice Nurse, How You’ll get there. Retrieved from https://www.discovernursing.com/specialty/hospice-nurse#.VLpoZy4XcXg on 18th January 2015

Hamric, A. B., Spross, J. A., & Hanson, C. M. (2000). Advanced nursing practice: An integrative approach. WB Saunders Co.

Niagra College Canada (2014) Palliative Care- Multi Discipline. Retrieved from http://www.niagaracollege.ca/content/ContinuingEducation/PartTimeProgramsofStudy/PalliativeCareMultidisciplineInternational.aspx on 18th January, 2014

Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario, RNAO (2014) Careers in Nurisng- A world of Opportunities.  Retrieved from http://careersinnursing.ca/new-nursing-and-students/career-options/types-nursing  on 18th January 2015

RNDegrees. Net (2006-2011) Why become a nurse practitioner?NHS Career Planner for Nurses (United Kingdom resources, but wonderful, again, for stimulating ideas!)

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Demand Management Essay Assignment

Demand Management
Demand Management

Demand Management

Order Instructions:

For this paper, they are 4 main sections to respond to, the writer must clearly respond to this four main point in the paper, using pear review articles from the resources and the internet to support every respond. APA 6th Edition must be implore through out the entire paper.

Looking into the future is a conundrum: it is both necessary and impossible to do with complete accuracy. From knowing what the weather will be like tomorrow to trying to decide what the stock market will do, forecasting is an activity that consumes a considerable amount of our attention because it impacts our lives so directly.

How important is forecasting to planning and decision making for a business?

Analyze the various techniques of forecasting and explain which would be appropriate or inappropriate to

(a) a manufacturing enterprise, and

(b) a service provider.

Conclude your paper by identifying a model of demand management that would be well-suited to the retail food industry.

Resources
Course Text
• Handbook of Global Supply Chain Management
Chapter 5, “Demand Management”

This chapter examines the implications of independent and derived demand, analyzes a model for demand management function in GSCM, as well as the role of sales forecasting management within demand management.

Articles
• Mentzer, J. T., & Moon, M. A. (2004). Understanding demand. Supply Chain Management Review, 8(4). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

This article looks at the three types of demand and shows how forecasting contributes to the sales and operations planning process.

• Taylor, D. H. (2006). Demand management in agri-food supply chains: An analysis of the characteristics and problems and a framework for improvement. International Journal of Logistics Management, 17(2). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

This article presents examples and specific data from six value chain analysis case studies examining demand management in the UK food supply chain.

• Lapide, L. (2006). Demand management revisited. Journal of Business Forecasting, 25(3). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

This short article considers the importance of demand management and the role played by demand forecasting in supporting the cost-benefit and profitability analyses needed to make optimized customer-service setting decisions.

• IBM Corporation. (2006). Demand Management: The Next Generation of Forecasting. Retrieved from
http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/bus/pdf/g510-6014-demand-management.pdf

This link directs you to a white paper on demand management.
• Gung, R. R., Leung, Y. T., Lin, G. Y., & Tsai, R. Y. (2002, December). Demand Forecasting TODAY. Retrieved from http://www.orms-today.org/orms-12-02/frdemandforecasting.html

This link directs you to an article that discusses demand forecasting in the context of predicting future demand for products of a business organization while focusing on products of the physical type, as opposed to services.

• Dey, R. & Somani, J. P. (n.d). Re-thinking Demand Management. Retrieved from http://www.sdcexec.com/article/10289643/re-thinking-demand-management

This link directs you to an article about managing customer demand in uncertain times.

Barve, A. (2002, September 24). Lessons in Demand Management. Retrieved from
http://scm.ncsu.edu/scm-articles/article/lessons-in-demand-management

SAMPLE ANSWER

 Demand Management

Introduction

a.) Forecasting is critical to planning and also in decision making process in a company besides the financial budgetary demands. The advancement in technology and digital business operations has resulted in more challenges to demand forecasting. Orders and quotations are increasing using the e-business technology where most of the transactions are paperless and time spent per transaction is reducing to a matter of minutes. The fierce and competitive business environment has culminated into the critical need for prompt information that is constantly reviewed and updated to reflect the changes in the business environment. Buyers expect to find the product they want on the shelves when they need it or exactly when they will be available otherwise they will definitely walk to the next shop where the product is available (Dey & Somani, n.d).  The importance of forecasting is to ensure that products are available throughout the business period and at the quantities required by the customers. Forecasting also assists in financial planning where budgetary allocations are made. The forecasts also help in calculation of lead times and the reorder levels that may require adequate financial resources. Forecasting helps the management to forecast when the company may need funding to facilitate its business operations and processes. The forecasts assist in decision making process as they determine when the company may need funding.

  1. b) There are various techniques that are applied in forecasting. Currently, there are various types of commercial forecasting software that are available in the market some of which are based on stand-alone systems, specialize packages and other types that are applicable to modules on management systems. The other ones like just-in-time processes are applicable to manufacturing industries. Time based and quick response strategies are applied also in the manufacturing sector (Gung, Leung, Lin & Tsai, 2002). The most widely used forecasting techniques however are based on historical information on demand. But they have proved to be unreliable where the future demand is difficult to predict basing the outcome on the past sales trends which are susceptible to sudden market changes.
  2. c) A manufacturing firm would adopt the just-in-time forecasting technique which is based on the past historical perforce of the firm (Lapide, 2006). Most of the sales from manufacturing plants are mostly consistent and the forecasting method can be applied as changes are not erratic or far apart.
  3. d) A service provider requires a forecasting system that’s more proactive and which is more sophisticated and relies on quantitative analytics to predict future demands. Service providers mostly have loyal customers and whose demand can be easily forecasted based on the past performance and historical records. However, sophisticated realtime forecasting packages can also be utilized to forecast the demand more accurately (IBM Corporation, 2006).

To conclude, the best model for a demand management that would be suitable to a retail food industry is one that is web based and which provides reliability, scalability and which supports functionality with other realtime feedback systems that are systematically designed to dynamically forecast against such variables like customer orders, inventory, supply and the financial objectives of the firm (Barve, 2002).  Realtime processing is critical to a retail food industry because of the nature of the food industry that requires fresh orders and shorter lead times.

Reference

Barve, A. (2002, September 24). Lessons in Demand Management. Retrieved from
http://scm.ncsu.edu/scm-articles/article/lessons-in-demand-management

Dey, R. & Somani, J. P. (n.d). Re-thinking Demand Management. Retrieved from http://www.sdcexec.com/article/10289643/re-thinking-demand-management

Gung, R. R., Leung, Y. T., Lin, G. Y., & Tsai, R. Y. (2002, December). Demand Forecasting TODAY. Retrieved from http://www.orms-today.org/orms-12-02/frdemandforecasting.html

IBM Corporation. (2006). Demand Management: The Next Generation of Forecasting. Retrieved from http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/bus/pdf/g510-6014-demand-management.pdf

Lapide, L. (2006). Demand management revisited. Journal of Business Forecasting, 25(3). Retrieved from ABI/INFORM Global database.

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Application Crisis and Risk Communication Strategies

Application Crisis and Risk Communication Strategies
Application Crisis and Risk                               Communication Strategies

Application Crisis and Risk Communication Strategies

Order Instructions:

HLTH 8136 Week 7 Application Crisis and Risk Communication Strategies

SARS: When a Global Outbreak Hits Home, the abilities of public health leaders are particularly put to the test in crisis situations. In this Application, you are asked to identify and analyze the effectiveness of communication strategies demonstrated by leaders in public health crisis situations.

ADDRESS THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: Application Assignment should be 3 pages long

1. Analyze the public health communication during SARS crisis as depicted in the Grand Rounds video. What are five communication strategies you noticed? How well were they implemented? Do you think the communication could have been done better? Explain your answers.

2. Discuss an event you have seen in the news some time during the past several years in which leaders were asked questions and had to respond with crisis communication strategies. These are often weather related (e.g., floods, fires, other disasters) but can also be crime- or corruption-related stories that are in the media. If necessary, do Internet searches to refresh your memory or find out more about the ways in which the leader(s) communicated during your selected event.

3. Describe the crisis situation.

4. Assess the use of crisis communication strategies by the leaders. Which strategies were implemented? How well were these implemented? What strategies do you think they could have adopted to handle this situation better?

USE THESE WEBSITE AND Online Video

Websites

•Centers for Disease Control. (2008.). CDC: Crisis and emergency risk communication. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://emergency.cdc.gov/cerc/
This Web site explains crisis and emergency risk communication, including pandemic influenza.
Online Video
•University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health. (2009). SARS: When a global outbreak hits home. Retrieved November 15, 2011, from http://www.publichealthgrandrounds.unc.edu/sars/ondemand/index.php?webcast=2003-10-23_sars&action=view.

Please apply the Application Assignment Rubric when writing the Paper.

I. Paper should demonstrate an excellent understanding of all of the concepts and key points presented in the texts.

II. Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other sources, and discerning ideas.

III. Paper should be well organized, uses scholarly tone, follows APA style, uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with doctoral level writing style.

IV. Paper should be mostly consistent with doctoral level writing style.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Application Crisis and Risk Communication Strategies

As evident in the Grand Rounds Video, communication during the emergency outbreak of SARS health threat became very critical. In this case, the audience which mostly included the media had to be constantly updated on the state of the situation and issues as they unfolded. There are several strategies of communication that I realized from the documentation. First, direct confrontation strategy was evident. As the media sought the unfolding information urgently, one of the ways used to tackle the situation was to directly confrontation by telling exactly what is on the ground to avoid suspicion and wrong perception of the public. The second strategy was being brief and precise when addressing the audience. During the crisis, leaders were strategic in delivering updates in a brief and precise manner that does not create ambiguity as everyone at that particular time was keenly following the unfolding events. The leaders were also diplomatic is communicating the information. This was a communication strategy used to avoid instances of being perceived to take sides especially by the media (U.O.N.C.C .H.G S.O G.P.H, 2009).

Honesty and accuracy in delivering the crisis information was a very important communication strategy used. Leaders made sure that any information conveyed to the public was scrutinized to avoid misleading the audience and other stakeholders during the crisis. Lastly, simplicity and supporting data was evident in the communication in order to ease the understanding of the audience and clear any doubts on the information that was being conveyed. To a considerable extend, I can clearly give credit to the manner in which these strategies were implemented because they laid out proper communication procedures and chose an eloquent speaker who could tackle various reactions and sentiments from the audience especially the media (U.O.N.C.C .H.G S.O G.P.H, 2009). However, the communication could have been made better by incorporating live coverage of all unfolding events as opposed to periodical updates to the media with partial live coverage.

I will be looking at the earthquake disaster in Haiti which saw numerous deaths, millions of people displaced and trillions of property destroyed. The situation in Haiti when this disaster occurred was quite critical and devastating. With Red Cross and its affiliates in the fore front, the rescue mission began moments after the earthquake. Millions of survivors of the disaster had to be rescued, evacuated and taken for medical attention. Looking at the communication part of it at the beginning, it was quite clear that no one had confident information to deliver to the audience due to the abrupt situation that came as a surprise. However, when everything became evident, the leaders were able to strategically apply crisis communication strategies to address the audience. For instance, they began updating the audience on the rescue mission and efforts that were being put in place to contain the situation. The leaders tried as much as possible to remain brief, concise and diplomatic in their communication.

The leaders implemented these communication tactics is a manner to create harmony, togetherness and mutual support during the time of the crisis. Allowing live coverage of events as they were unfolding was something that could have created even much tension within the country. Leaders had to take bold steps and periodically update the audience on unfolding events rather than allowing the scenes of the disaster to go live to the public (Centers for Disease Control, 2008). Since this was a disaster that needed international help, the leaders allowed the international media to make wide coverage of the events so that other countries could come in to help the situation. However, additional efforts to increase the number of rescue teams and rescue machinery could have made things much better.

References

Centers for Disease Control. (2008). CDC: Crisis and emergency risk communication. Retrieved August 5, 2008, from http://emergency.cdc.gov/cerc/

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health. (2009).  SARS: When a global outbreak hits home. Retrieved November 15, 2011, from             http://www.publichealthgrandrounds.unc.edu/sars/ondemand/index.php?webcast=2003-10-23_sars&action=view.

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Managing change Essay Assignment

Managing change
Managing change

Managing change

Order Instructions:

Write a summary that addresses the following:
• What is your understanding of the Five Disciplines of a learning organization as described by Senge on page 6?
• Why does it appeal to you as an approach to change?
• What concerns do you have?
• What are you noticing about the importance of language as a lever for change?
• Why does the learning organization and the Five Disciplines seem an appropriate methodology for change management?

Text Book
Senge, P. M., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Smith, B., & Ross, R. (1994). The fifth discipline fieldbook: Strategies and tools for building a learning organization. New York: Doubleday. ISBN: 0385472560.

SAMPLE  ANSWER

BUS4802 – Managing change

Change in inevitable and therefore managing change well will have positive impacts on the organization.  Change process as well is a learning process that an organization goes through.

The five disciplines of learning organized described by Senge are very important in any organization that aspires to succeed amidst changes. These disciplines include; system thinking, team leadership, mental models, shared vision and personal mastery (Senge, Kleiner, Roberts, Smith & Ross, 1994).  My understanding of these disciplines is that they provide an opportunity for the leader to initiative change smoothly.  The disciplines are essential in ensuring that the entity progresses on despite challenges experienced.  A leader should be able to have certain attributes such as good communication skills to help foster leadership through effective communication.  Communication as well allows sharing of visions enabling the members of the organization to move in the right direction (Senge, Cleaner, Roberts, Smith & Ross, 1994).

The most appealing thing about this approach to change is the fact that it covers on major aspects of the functioning of an organization laying strong emphasis on the leaders and followers. Leaders and followers need to work together and to have a shared vision to ensure that the organization achieves its goals and objectives.

The thing that concerns me more about the approach is that it seems to be a guideline to a learner anticipating to be a leader or a manager. The explanation and application of the approach in the organization by the manager in real situation seems glimpse.

Language is important lever for change. Better choice of language and words to address a change situation is essential as it promote cohesion and commitment (Senge, Kleiner, Roberts, Smith & Ross, 1994). Language use as well foster understanding if the language used is easily understandable by the parties initiating change and those that change is going to affect

Nevertheless, the learning organization and five disciplines seem an appropriate methodology for change management because it puts into consideration all the stakeholders and features that affect change. People must understand how to interact with various systems and fellow colleagues to achieve success. This is well considered and exemplified in the approach.

Reference

Senge, P. M., Kleiner, A., Roberts, C., Smith, B., & Ross, R. (1994). The fifth discipline   fieldbook: Strategies and tools for building a learning organization. New York:Doubleday. ISBN: 0385472560.

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Nurturing Leadership Skills Assignment

Nurturing Leadership Skills
Nurturing Leadership Skills

Nurturing Leadership Skills

Order Instructions:

Answer this Question:

1. Revisit your IDP and identify how you can apply change theory to your own development.

2. Where are you in the change process, and how does your map of your growth need to be amended or addressed?

IDP 3 Paper:

Journal & IDP
Having evaluated a variety of different leadership models and styles, I believe that the democratic leadership style would aid me in promoting certain constructive values and operational proceedings in different societal settings. As a leader, I am of the opinion that leaders should focus on the welfare of the entire group as opposed to promoting one’s individual principles. This is possible by sharing the leadership functions among the team members. In addition, involving the group members in decision-making processes is a suitable approach of motivating the team (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2001). Subsequently, the involved employees are bound to improve their performance at the individual and group level. Based on these guiding principles of the democratic leadership style, I would consider the embedded values in order to be a leader who improves the welfare of the subordinates in addition to aiding in the achievement of the organizational objectives.
The key values that promote the democratic leadership style in such a setting as a commercial organization include the value of different professionals in such an environment. The personnel in different departments of a business institution are important in the attainment of the set interim and long-term organizational goals. This is the basis of the democratic leadership style, which urges leaders to promote the teamwork spirit. In comparison, such a leadership model as the autocratic form of headship indicates that individuals in different levels of authority should govern his or her juniors in a top-down communication framework (Goleman, Boyatzis & McKee, 2001). This is in relation to the horizontal communication approach used by leaders who adopt the democratic leadership style. Based on these arguments, I would adopt the democratic leadership style in order to utilize the skills of personnel in different departments of an organization.
Reference
Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R. E., & McKee, A. (2001). Primal leadership: The Hidden Driver of Great Performance. Harvard Business Review. Dec2001, Vol. 79 Issue 11, p42-51. 10p. 1

IDP 5 Paper:

Question one
Ways of enhancing ones areas of development to lead and manage others more effectively
Leading and managing others effectively require leaders and managers to possess certain skills and knowledge. These skills require enhancement to bear good fruits. One of the ways to enhance this is through training. Managers and leaders require continuous training on their roles to be able to address the ever changes in their organization (Fernandez, 2007). Furthermore, managers and leaders require to have positive personal power to be effective leaders and managers (Fernandez, 2007). They need to create a conducive atmosphere at their organizations by working together with others to achieve common goals. They must understand the way they speak and treat others, should appreciate and respect others roles to ensure that they work together to achieve the goals set.

Question two
The essential steps that you intend to take in the future, as a leader, to ensure that the organization you lead is a strong one
As a leader, I intend to make my organization strong in future by putting more emphasis on developing better positive personal regard. I will focus on three main aspects control, inclusion and appreciation. I intend to work closely with the subordinates to motivate them; I will ensure that I include the subordinates in the running of the organization. Subordinates need to participate, require recognition and need to feel distinct. Subordinates require to have a sense of prestige to remain motivated (Fernandez, 2007). I will also motivate subordinates through power, influence, authority and responsibility. I will give subordinates responsibilities and make them feel competent. As a leader, I will also appreciate the contributions the employees make in the organization. I will recognize them to motivate by ensuring that they do not lose their emotional connection to the work. I will also ensure that the subordinates take part in the decision making of an organization. I do believe that adhering to these steps will contribute in making the organization stronger.

Reference

Fernandez, C. (2007). The power of positive personal regard. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, 13(3), 321-323.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Nurturing Leadership Skills

Response to Question 1

There are various sectors of leadership in which other individuals have the same perceptions, though there are those who hold different perceptions. Those that have similar perceptions include encouraging them approach, strategic skills, intelligence, behavior integrity encouragement and ethics (Fernandez, 2007). Those that have different perceptions include setting a vision, laissez-faire, business skills, trust, and cognitive skills, setting high expectations, management by exception, abusive leadership and cognitive rewards. The leadership skills that were rewarded high ratings in relation to other raters included ethics, behavioral integrity, encouraging team approach, individualized consideration and contingent reward.

Leadership basically refers to the act of making a difference. For example, those leaders enthroned in healthcare positions are expected to make changes in their fields, where necessary. This is basically because nurses are individuals who are expected to care for other people throughout their lifetime and in all sceneries. Leadership is an undertaking which can be learned, practiced, developed or improved. Leader nurses therefore are able to note their leadership skills when their duties and responsibilities are doe to completion and effectively (Fernandez, 2007). If all the departments in which they are assigned are run effectively, they will know that their skills are implemented as expected.

Response to Question 2

Ethics guides a leader to follow the right and correct procedures in carrying out an activity or assignment. It is not wise to be the one who dictates how things should be done in any organization. Dictatorship limits the ideas of other employees who may give advice to the leader for the good of the firm. A leader should always work with other people and be concerned with their individual interests and personal development.

The idea of teamwork in the organization helps its members to help develop each other and decreases their weaknesses. Through group formation, each team member contributes to the specialized service and gives high results. As a leader, one should develop the morals of team building as a tool of reaching success (Fernandez, 2007). Encouragement of their team members makes them feel motivated to work towards the mission of the organization. A leader should therefore encourage teamwork as well as individual growth of each employee. This is one character a leader should aim to build in order to provide a healthy working environment hence improving success in the organization.

Reference

Fernandez, C. (2007). The power of positive personal regard. Journal of Public Health Management & Practice, 13(3), 321-323.

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Similarities and differences between management and leadership

Similarities and differences between management and leadership
Similarities and differences between management and leadership

Similarities and differences between management and leadership

Order Instructions:

Dear Admin,

I need an essay in the following subject:

Let’s start by looking at a very simple question but an old one; what is the difference between management and leadership? Can you think of examples from your own experience as to how this question might be answered. Please also see the attached article by Young and Dulewicz (2008) who assessed leadership and management competencies in the British Navy. Can you see any such competencies which may fit with your own experience?

Young, M., and Dulewicz, V., (2008), Similarities and Differences between Leadership and Management:High-Performance Competencies in the British Royal Navy, British Journal of Management, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p17-32.

Note: To prepare for this essay please read the required articles that is attached

The following conditions must meet in the essay:

1) I want a typical and a quality answer which should have about 550 words.

2) The answer must raise appropriate critical questions.

3) The answer must include examples from experience or the web with references from
relevant examples from real companies.

4) Do include all your references, as per the Harvard Referencing System,

5) Please don’t use Wikipedia web site.

6) I need examples from peer reviewed articles or researches.

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SAMPLE ANSWER

Similarities and differences between management and leadership

In terms of similarities, both management and leadership involve creation of success, taking an active role, aligning people and resources, and conceptualization of what needs to be done. These similarities indicate the existence of various competencies which are capable of supporting effective performance across both management and leadership. According to Young and Dulewicz (2008), the emerging school of leadership reflects the perception that effective leaders exercise a small range of competencies. Interaction involves engagement in communications, influence, inter-person sensitivity, and sensitivity to criticism. Lastly, both managers and leaders should aim at creating success by having such competencies as motivation, emotional resilience, conscientiousness, vigor, and self awareness.

For example, Young and Dulewicz (2008) assessed the competencies of effective management and leadership in the Royal Navy to include conceptualizing, aligning, interacting, and creating success. Conceptualization involves vision and imagination and critical analysis. Alignment includes management of resources, development, and empowerment. Effective alignment requires leaders to be forward thinking, controlling, unrestricted by rules and influencing, and managers to be innovative. These competencies were confirmed by the analysis of Overall Performance, Leadership, and Management. The research found that motivation accounts for most of the variance in the appraisal of leadership, whereas vision and imagination were the most fundamental predictors of variance in management.

Basically, management reflects different organizational functions. In a formal organization, the manager plans, organizes, controls, budgets, staffs, solves problems, and carries out other fundamental tasks necessary for running the business. The leader, on the other hand, sets out a vision of what needs to be done and the means of accomplishing it that drives organizational performance. A successful organization needs both leadership and management though managers typically deal with equipment, budgets, processes, systems, and ‘things’ whereas leaders deal with people and visions. Additionally, any person can play the leadership role and does not need to be at the top management position to make a leadership contribution.

Another difference is that the effectiveness of a leader is measured in terms of accomplishment of one or more goals, while the effectiveness of a manager is measured in terms of profit margins. A leader may be viewed as effective or ineffective in relation to the satisfaction people derive from the total work experience in accomplishing goals (Zaleznik, 1992).

Bertocci (2009) also notes that managers are different from leaders in terms of their followers. Whereas leaders give followers the discretion of whether or not to follow them, managers direct, instruct and command their followers. Followers have little or no alternative but to comply with the a manager’s orders and directives, failure of which may result into punitive consequences.

There are various experiences I have encountered that relate to leadership and management. In terms of the schools that I have attended, there is usually the school administrators show effective leadership by incorporating various competencies necessary for achievement of set goals and objectives. Although it is hard to draw a clear line between leadership and management in a school setting, I observed that leaders do not necessarily need to be in the top management in order to move the people into the desired direction. Leadership in a school setting is also inclusive of student leaders, who are not involved in the management. The management of the school dealing with budgets, equipment, systems, and processes is left to the school administration. Effective leadership involves such competencies as vision and imagination, empowerment, engaging communications, inter-personal sensitivity, influence, motivation, and emotional resilience. Student leaders may also act as managers in the sense that they can direct and command their followers.

References

Bertocci, D. I., (2009), Leadership in Organizations: There is a Difference Between Leaders and Managers, University of America.

Young, M., and Dulewicz, V., (2008), Similarities and Differences between Leadership and Management:High-Performance Competencies in the British Royal Navy, British Journal of Management, Vol. 19 Issue 1, p17-32.

Zaleznik, A, (1992), Managers and leaders: are they different?. Harvard Business School Pub..

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