Single Mythic Belief System and Customary Practices In an essay of 5-6 pages, answer one of the following questions.
Single Mythic Belief System and Customary Practices
No new research is required (it is allowed, but unnecessary): this exam provides you with the
opportunity to synthesize the themes of the course.
Consider the following quote:
"If the holidays that once seduced us as children are less compelling as we get older, or if religion provides less reassurance as life gets
increasingly complicated, and if we no longer live in a society in which a single mythic belief system permeates all aspects of our lives, we nevertheless
still, need artistic and expressive outlets for our creativity and our beliefs and values; we still need what myth and religion and festivals and holidays
provide." (Santino, p. 32)
Santino is speaking of calendar customs, but he could just as easily be writing about rites of passage. Using examples drawn from your work, the readings and
class discussions, explain how the practice of marking life through performance motivates both the emergence of new customs and the reinvigoration of established ones.
Single Mythic Belief System and Customary Practices
One of the key concepts throughout this course is that all rites are, in some ways, rites of intensification, whether that be the group observing key moments in its movement through seasonal cycles of time or the group recognizing one or more of its members transitioning through its social strata. Using examples drawn from your work, the readings and class discussions, consider the role of the group’s sense of cohesion in customary practices.
As much as we may rationalize the reasons behind customs, two factors – aesthetics and playfulness – appear to be both critical to the celebration of customs and difficult to articulate. Using examples drawn from your work, the readings and class discussions, try to locate how for lack of a better word, "joy" fits into custom.
The Major Global Cultures in Middle Ages “you got to know when to hold’em, know when to fold ’em, know when to walk away and know hone to run… Every gambler knows that the secret to surviving is knowing what to throw away, and knowing what to keep. cause every hand’s a winner and every hand’s a loser and the best that you can hope for is to die in your sleep” Kenny Rogers, “The Gambler”
The Major Global Cultures in Middle Ages
Consider the major global cultures that we have studied this term, during the time span from 800 to 1800 A.D then, consider the events, trends, movements, migrations, and significant personages that became the histories after these ten centuries and analyze the most significant developments in world history as follows:
who won, who lost, who got to walk away, who had to run, who played their cards well and got to “die in their sleep”? be inclusive, that is in defining the
events and consequences, intended or unintended, you will need to demonstrate an understanding of how humanity became connected and or disconnected over
time.
Cultural Diversity and Social Attitudes and Assumptions Discuss how social attitudes and assumptions about categories of people have affected how you function and define yourself as a social actor, how others define and act toward you, and how you define and act towards others.
Cultural Diversity and Social Attitudes and Assumptions
How do cultural differences affect your ability to function as a social worker (serve your consumers)? What can you do about it? Please be specific. Use at least two or three concrete examples of cultural diversity (race, ethnicity, gender, sexual identity/orientation, disability, age, class, etc.) explain and support your analysis
Extra Credit Food as Cultural Communication 121 Book:
The Interpersonal Communication Book, 13th Edition, by Joseph A. DeVito (2013)
You need to write answers to teacher’s questions and provide the pictures and web links.
Extra Credit Food as Cultural Communication
In Chapter 6, you read about an aspect of nonverbal communication called artifactual communication.
Please read 1) the definition for artifactual communication and 2) the rest of this section in your book.
We might consider food to be an example of this kind of nonverbal communication.
I invite you to think about how your culture uses a specific kind of food as communication.
For example, why is turkey traditionally served at Thanksgiving? Here’s one possible explanation: https://www.plimoth.org/learn/MRL/read/thanksgiving-history
Consider what the holiday represents for Americans, and note the references to “fowl”; and “wild turkeys”; on this web page. In this
context, Turkey not just a big bird; rather, it represents an important time in our history.
Please address the following questions in your response.
Extra Credit Food as Cultural Communication Questions and Response
Copy each question along with the NUMBERS and put your response under it.
For this final discussion write answers to questions:
1. Tell us about ONE specific food that is significant to your culture (not turkey!). Describe the food and what it represents to members of your cultural group.
(300 word minimum)
2. Locate a photograph of this food, OR a credible story about it online, to introduce your classmates to this aspect of your culture. Provide the web link:
Black Pop Culture and Renaissance Fighting Racism Here is what my annotated bibliography looked like. you should get a pretty good description here: Austin Garcia
Metropolitan LA 180
Professor Dr. James
4 October 2013
Annotated Bibliography
Black Pop Culture and Renaissance Fighting Racism
Widener, Daniel L. "’Way Out West’: Expressive Art, Music, And Culture In Black LA." Emergences: Journal For The Study Of Media & Composite
Cultures 9.2 (1999):
271-89. Print.
The black culture of music and art was able to provide the African American’s of Los Angeles as a way to express their feelings and ideas. Behind the lyrics,
instruments, paintings, and drawings reside emotion and deeper message.
Black Pop Culture and Renaissance Fighting Racism through Music and Art
Within the message, musicians and artist would try to find ways of expression that
the audience could relate to. The Black Art’s Movement was able to promote better education and political views. As cultural development progressed and became more prevalent, more organizations contributed funds to local black cultural institutions. It provided different means of expression (music, art,
literature, etc.) that would help blacks fight racism. This movement was ultimately beneficial and carried African American’snot only in Los Angeles, but
throughout the nation, through the struggle of gaining Civil Rights.
Kenneth, Marcus H. " Living the Los Angeles Renaissance." A Tale of Two Black Composers 91.1 (2016): 55-72. Print.
Bruce Forsythe and Claudius Wilson were two composers that used music and art to help fight racial matters. Los Angeles, California was rapidly expanding in terms of population. These two men contributed in a period where art and music were appreciated for breaking down racial barriers. Many people reached out to the artistic period to reach unity in communities. The Renaissance fortunately guided blacks in seeking to resolve racial tensions.
Daniels, Douglas Henry. " Los Angeles Zoot." Race ‘Riot,’ the Pachuco, and the Black Music Culture 87 (2002): 98-118. Print.
The source argues that the black and mexican popular culture was promoted by the "zoot-zuit" riots that occurred during 1943 in Los Angeles. Many minorities sought to express their emotions. Through music and other forms of art, artists and advocates could seize tensions. Drawing, singing, painting and so forth, helped the discriminated to reveal their message and opinions. Progressively, racial matters would be eased partially due to the Renaissance.
Hoskyns, Barney. " The City That Celebrates Itself." Los Angeles on Los Angeles 24.3 (2012): 316-24. Print.
Black Pop Culture and Renaissance Fighting Racism and Black Community
The article introduces how white pop culture interacts to the black community in 1975. Bands, such as the Beach Boys, talk about drug use in Los Angeles, primarily around Watts and how cocaine was involved throughout the city. The involvement of drugs contributed to the themes of poverty, gangs, and a minority lifestyle. Music was a key artifact to dissolve and break down barriers that separated minorities from whites. Communities started to become more distinct in terms of lifestyle. Music influenced certain artists and gangs to pursue a better lifestyle, but sometimes gangs would use it as an inspiration to carry on with how their living.
Grant, Elizabeth. " Gangsta Rap." The War on Drugs and the Location of African-American Identity in Los Angeles 21.1 (2002): 12-16. Print.
This source depicts the idea that hip hop and rap music formed groups in the pop culture. Through these forms of music, identities and reputations were being made about groups within communities. The war on drugs erupted because of this gangsta rap and hip hop that was being played in the black communities in Los Angeles. Violence and riots were begun due to these identifications made by certain black groups. It was hard to solve and ease the war between white and blacks, while inter community violence was occurring.
Controversy Existence in Greek Fraternities For this essay you will write about a controversy that exists within your subculture.
Controversy Existence in Greek Fraternities
This controversial issue should exist between members of the same
subculture; note, however, that this essay is not about a controversial issue that exists between the subculture and the general public. Consider the following questions:
What are the causes of the controversy within this subculture? What has changed that led to this controversy?s existence?
Do members of this subculture have opposing values or beliefs?
Are there social factors involved in the controversy? Consider whether the controversy is in part the result of differences in race, age, gender, or geography.
Though this essay requires you to present a controversy, your essay should, as always, present and support an argument. For this essay, at least two pages (approximately half) of your paper should present both sides of the controversy. In the remainder of the essay, you will support one side of the issue.
Controversy Existence in Greek Fraternities Sources
For this essay you must use five (5) sources that meet the following criteria:
At least 3 secondary sources (1 must come from an academic journal)
At most 2 primary sources
This assignment is going to focus on hypertension among black Americans. Studies have reported that in African Americans record the highest prevalence of hypertension in the United States. According to Hicken et al., (2014), approximately 40% of African Americans have been diagnosed with hypertension. Additionally, hypertension develops early in life and is often very severe.
The issue of hypertension is important in the profession because it is the role of clinicians across the globe to educate, advice as well as measure peoples’ blood pressure. The education entails modifying behavior associated with physical activity, diet, stress, weight, alcohol intake, and smoking. The African Americans are important in this health profession due to the high prevalence they present with. Clinicians can use the population to study what environmental, genetic, sociological, economic or even cultural issues that are associated with development of hypertension. Additionally, practitioners can use the population to study the impact of various pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological interventions such as effect of smoking cessation, weight reduction, salt restriction, and physical activity.
Lifestyle is one of the social risk factors that has an impact on development of hypertension. The hypertensive contribution of alcohol truly matters among African Americans because alcohol induced hypertension is the most prevalent form of secondary high blood pressure. A 2012 survey on drug abuse reported that the rate of binge drinking among African Americans above the 12 years is at 21. 6% compared to the national coverage which stands at 23 percent. The researchers reported that African-American youths are more affected with the risks associated with alcohol drinking. This can therefore be used to explain the high prevalence of hypertension among the African American population. Cigarette smoking is another lifestyle factor that has a significant effect on the etiology of hypertension. About 29.8% of African Americans have been reported to use tobacco (Jamal et al., 2014). Nicotine in cigarettes is a major contributor of hypertension development. It acts by narrowing the arteries and hardening their endothelial wall which eventually increases the heart rate as well as the blood pressure. Moreover, nicotine cause blood clotting which stresses the heart inducing stroke which worsens the severity of hypertension (Rasool et al., 2016).
Poverty is another social factor that has been implicated for the high prevalence of hypertension among African Americans. Studies by Zapolski et al., (2014) have reported that among the different racial and ethnic populations, African Americans have the highest rates of poverty at 27.4% followed by the Hispanics at 26% and whites at 10 percent. As healthcare improves for the wealthy, a reversal socio-economic gradient is seen among the poor, disadvantaged African Americans who are subjected to the largest burden of hypertension. Despite the general provision of effective pharmacological interventions for hypertensive patients in the United States, economies link to the cost: benefit ratio as well as sociological consideration have a great impact on the low rates of early diagnosis, management, and control of high blood pressure among the African Americans.
Poverty promotes poor nutrition contributing to etiology of hypertensions. Poor diet is a risk factor that promotes development of diabetes and obesity. Both diabetes and obesity are linked with high blood pressure with obese patients recording higher rates of hypertension than individuals with normal Body Mass Index (BMI). Additionally, obesity increases cardiac diseases by increasing the levels of Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) to cholesterol ratio this prompts the development of hypertension which can cause myocardial infractions as well as hypertension. Poverty is also associated with stress and depression which increases the release of cortisol that increases high blood pressure.
References
Hicken, M. T., Lee, H., Morenoff, J., House, J. S., & Williams, D. R. (2014). Racial/ethnic disparities in hypertension prevalence: reconsidering the role of chronic stress. American journal of public health, 104(1), 117-123.
Jamal, A., Agaku, I. T., O’Connor, E., King, B. A., Kenemer, J. B., & Neff, L. (2014). Current cigarette smoking among adults—United States, 2005–2013. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 63(47), 1108-1112.
Rasool, A. H., Man, C. N., Sanip, Z. B., Yusoff, H., & Suhaimi, M. Z. (2016). Relationship between hair nicotine levels with blood pressure, body composition, lipid profile and leptin among healthy male smokers in Kelantan.
Zapolski, T. C., Pedersen, S. L., McCarthy, D. M., & Smith, G. T. (2014). Less drinking, yet more problems: Understanding African American drinking and related problems. Psychological bulletin, 140(1), 188.
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Using the Communication Toolkit research the catchment community of the health service.
Describe the main countries of birth in this municipality, demographic composition, languages are spoken and organizations and services available to this community.
Choose a prominent cultural community in this region and using the ‘Community Profile’ tool describe the cultural characteristics and cultural values of this group you have chosen.
Compare and Contrast this with the cultural values of the Australian culture or your personal cultural background. Reflect on the many ways in which culture influences you including social norms, sanctions, values, a way of life, beliefs, communication, major life transitions (birth, death) and how you respond to authority, how you parent etc.
Using the literature, describe the characteristics of a culturally competent health care workforce and health care system.
Use the marking rubric to guide your writing.
Presentation requirements: Please observe the following formatting instructions:
This is an academic piece of writing: follow academic writing principals
You must use CultureMate to complete the assessment task
Reference using APA 6: See Rubric for details
Double spaced word document, numbered pages, student ID on every page
Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice Sample Answer
Cultural Competence in Practice
Using the CultureMate tool, the Victoria State was chosen with the main focus on the City of Greater Dandenong. This area partners clinically with Monash. This is also the area where the degree’s clinical placement will be undertaken. When interacting with community members to offer care to them, there is a great need to ensure that one is culturally competent. This goes a long way in ensuring that the exact needs of the patients are identified. In turn, the most competent and appropriate care is offered. There are theories that can guide healthcare professionals in the provision of the most appropriate care. Applying these, together with adhering to professional codes of practice and code of ethics can guide professionals in the provision of transculturally competent care. The aim of this paper is discussing cultural competence care, after an analysis using the CultureMate tool with a focus on Victoria, City of Greater Dandenong.
Main countries of birth for Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice
The main countries of birth as identified from the communication plan were India, United Kingdom, Italy, New Zealand, Cambodia, Bosnia, and China excluding Taiwan and SARs. There was an analysis of the percentage of people from these regions in 2011 and 2006. A comparison was done consequently (Jeffreys, 2016).
At the same time, there were emerging communities that were slowly taking over Greater Dandenong. An analysis by the country made it evident that these included countries like Colombia, Liberia, Bulgaria, Zimbabwe, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Taiwan, United Arabs Emirates, Korea, and Nepal.
Demographic composition on Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice
The main demographic composition in the City of Greater Dandenong is the Indian-born resident, Afghans, Vietnamese, and Sri Lankans. Therefore, the city has dynamic religious faiths including the Islam- 11%, Buddhism- 18%, Christianity- 50%, and Hinduism- 4%. Almost 64% of the residents in the city use other languages but English (Westera, 2016).
Languages are spoken at Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice
The languages used in the city by most of the people are different from English. They include Sinhalese, Punjabi, Greek, Chinese, Khmer, and Vietnamese.
Organizations and services available in this community
This community has several services and organizations. The 3CR (Community Radio) is a community and dynamic hub that offers radio services for those lacking access to mass media, and more so the indigenous people, women, and working class. The 21st Century Chinese News is basically for the Chinese people and airs weekly on Wednesdays. ‘Australian Mosaic’- Federation of Ethnic Communities Councils of Australia represents Australians from linguistically and culturally diverse backgrounds. Its role is lobbying, advocating, and promoting issues on the behalf of the business, government and the broader community (Govere & Govere, 2016). 3ZZZ Ethnic Public Broadcasting Association of Victoria is a radio station that is community-based and the biggest ethnic community station. Its aim is fostering and preserving the culture and languages of the ethnic community. There is also the Australian Chinese Community Association and Indian Television Broadcasting Association. These are some of the services that the people in this community use, among others (Westera, 2016).
Prominent cultural community and Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice
The prominent cultural community in the City of Greater Dandenong is the Indians. The population of the Indians in this place over 6000.
Cultural characteristics and cultural values- community profile
There are some languages among the Indians that are not recognized as official. Hindi is recognized as the official language by the central government. The caste system’s traditions and Hinduism influences have enhanced a culture which focuses on the established hierarchical relationships a lot. The Indians are ever conscious of the social order as well as their status as far as the strangers, friends, and family are concerned (Pérez & Luquis, 2008). Regardless of the kind of relationship, the hierarchy is always involved. The Indians typically define themselves based on the groups they associate with as opposed to the individual status. Therefore, people are normally affiliated to the specific religion, career path, family, city, region, and a specific state. Close ties are maintained with families.
They do not have a tendency to say no to anything. On the contrary, they offer an affirmative answer but are deliberately vague about the specific details. The social class, education, and religion influence greetings Muecke, Lenthall & Lindeman, 2011). The most senior or eldest person is greeted first. When leaving some group, everyone should be bid goodbye individually. There is a belief that gifts ease the transition to next life. Red, green, and yellow are the lucky colors, and therefore, used for gift wrapping. They are also good at entertaining in their homes. There are some foods that the Indians never take including beef, alcohol, and pork (Rundle, Carvalho & Robinson, 1999). Business transactions are mostly with those they are familiar with. Those with the highest authority make most decisions. Successful negotiations are normally celebrated over meals.
Comparison of the cultural community to the Australian cultural values
There are many differences between the Australian and Indian cultural lifestyles. These are based on the relationships, time, gender, age, fate, belonging, and face among others. The Australians are highly individualistic, where they place more focus on the self and cherish independence over the group likes and preferences. High value is given to self-serving practices and goal, and there is personal control over choices. They take credit and accept blame readily. On the other hand, the Indians have very high regard for the groups and family. There is high influence from the group thoughts. Allegiance is normally pledged to the group. People are respected for the status (Ray, 2016).
The Australians have the low context communication where language is relied on to mean the exact thing. They never beat about the bush. On the other hand, the Indians’ messages are highly subtle as well as heavy with implications. They save face and aim at avoiding humiliation. The Indians regard the class system with a lot of regards, as noted earlier. The Australians think that people are equally as good as the other, and based on this, there is no difference in education, work, and social issues. This simply shows that when dealing with people from these two backgrounds, there should be a keen differentiation and everyone should be treated differently (Olaussen & Renzaho, 2016).
How culture influences a person- major life transitions, communication, beliefs, a way of life, values, sanctions, social norm, response to authority, parenting
There is no doubt that culture has a very huge effect on every person. This is the reason why healthcare professionals are normally advised to consider the cultural backgrounds of their patients. This aims at understanding the practices and reasoning of the patient. The major life transitions such as death are carried out based on the cultural background of a person. For example, after giving birth, there is a particular way in which a woman should be care for be caring on the culture. At the same time, breastfeeding practices and naming depend on the culture. After death of a the person, there are several practices depending on the culture (Maville & Huerta, 2008).
Communication, both non-verbal and verbal, is dependent on the culture. Understanding the non-verbal communication cues is very important, and more so when dealing with patients. This enhances a detailed understanding and, therefore, efficient and competent care. Depending on the beliefs that a patient has, the treatment practices should be adjusted accordingly Muecke, Lenthall & Lindeman, 2011). While holding a deep regard for them is essential, the provider should also be keen to correct those that are inappropriate. People lead their lives based on where they come from or the requirements of their culture. The kind of foods taken and dressing are highly dependent on the culture. This also applies to parenting where some parents are very authoritative, and more so the dads, since such cultures are paternal. In these cultures, the children mostly have more respect for their dads compared to the mothers (Cowen & Moorhead, 2011).
How people respond to the authorities, even at the workplace, depends on the way they were brought up. For example, a man may be abusive to the women at the workplace if he grew up knowing that the females are inferior. There is no doubt that the social norms and sanctions everyone employs are highly dependent on the place where a person comes from. In this case, there is a great need to ensure that healthcare professionals have the tools to assist them with cultural assessment. Essentially, this is the basis for culturally competent care in that if the needs and pressures the patient is facing are not identified from the start, then the whole healthcare process would be useless.
Characteristics of a culturally competent healthcare workforce and healthcare system
Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice for the Workforce
Healthcare professionals that are culturally competent focus a lot on interpersonal interactions. This is aimed at knowing the patient more so as to identify the exact needs, after which the most appropriate care is offered. The preparedness and ability of the healthcare provider to promote effective interactions with the patients is highly dependent on the provider’s behaviors, skills, attitudes, and knowledge. Therefore, professionals that are culturally competent ensure that their values and aspects are for the good of the patients (Chang & Daly, 2015).
These professionals are always able to view the patient as someone who is totally unique. At the same time, he or she can maintain unconditional positive approach when approaching everyone he or she deals with. Moreover, the professional can build effective rapport, explore patient beliefs, use bio-psychosocial model and various models and theories in articulating the needs of the patients, establish a common ground as far as the treatment plans are concerned, and knows the meaning of illness and values. Through this dynamism, the healthcare professional is able to know the exact needs of every patient, which is very important in ensuring that the treatment being given is proper (Raingruber, 2016). Cultural competence is the another feature of these professionals, in that they are aware of different cultural backgrounds and apply the respective one depending on the patient receiving care. Moreover, there is patient centeredness where the professional focuses more on the patient with the intent of offering the most appropriate care. This entails the use of patient-centered models that have detailed sets of skills and knowledge that the providers need to portray and possess so as to manage offering competent care. When the professional realizes that there as some things making the patient to be uncomfortable, they should be approached well and addressed (Moss, 2016).
The culturally competent providers are always able to deal with ethnic and racial disparities. The decisions that a provider should never be biased based on the race or ethnic group of the patient. Increasing patient’s involvement is a very good way of ensuring that any disparities are reduced. The respect, empathy, and warmth involved in a care environment should never wane based on the patient receiving care (Farnbach, Eades & Hackett, 2015). The providers are also very intent on recognizing the non-verbal cues being used by the patients, and these are normally dependent on the cultural background of a patient (Muecke, Lenthall & Lindeman, 2011). Hence, quality relationships between the provider and patient can help differentiate between professionals that are culturally competent and those are not.
These providers are also able to understand the importance and meaning of culture. Moreover, interpreter services are used effectively whenever possible. This is more so in the case where the healthcare provider has not even a single idea about the patient’s cultural background. The professionals also communicate effectively to all patients regardless of their color.
Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice System
Healthcare systems that are culturally competent are normally very intent at ensuring that there are interpreters from different cultural backgrounds. These assist whenever there is a need to offer care to patients from minority backgrounds. As such, the patient’s exact needs are identified and dealt with. As such, there are no instances of errors or re-hospitalizations. Moreover, patient satisfaction also increases, and this ensures that the patients are loyal clients to the institution. Alternatively, the institution employs workers from diverse backgrounds. As such, there is no discrimination during recruitment on the basis of race or ethnicity. In the presence of such employees, there would be no challenges offering care to the diverse patients as they can be called in to assist. Their presence would matter most during the healthcare assessments (Stanley, 2016).
Healthcare systems that are culturally competent and patient centered include of processes and structures aimed at improving the patient-centered outcomes as well as promoting equity. The general services are also fashioned based on the preferences and needs of the patients. Moreover, the healthcare institution releases educational materials regularly, which are always tailored to the needs of patients, preferred language, and health literacy. There is a cultural competence and awareness program that is followed strictly (University of Michigan—Flint, 2011). Regular trainings are offered so that the healthcare professionals are always in a position to offer the most appropriate and competent care. Those who go against the cultural competence required are punished accordingly for failing to consider the patient as a unique and special person.
Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice Conclusion
From the foregoing discussion, it has been established that cultural competence and awareness are very vital aspects in the provision of care. Culturally competent healthcare professionals are always armed with the skills of offering the most appropriate care. They communicate effectively depending on the cultural background of the patient, and aim at identifying the non-verbal cues. This should be done during the assessment stage. Healthcare systems and institutions also need to embrace the approaches to cultural competence considering that the world has gradually become globalized, and interactions with people from different backgrounds have increased.
Cultural Competence in Health Service Practice References
Chang, E., & Daly, J. (2015). Transitions in Nursing: Preparing for Professional Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences APAC.
Cowen, P. S., & Moorhead, S. (2011). Current issues in nursing. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier.
Jeffreys, M. R. (2016). Teaching cultural competence in nursing and health care: Inquiry, action, and innovation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Maville, J. A., & Huerta, C. G. (2008). Health promotion in nursing. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.
Moss, M. P. (2016). American Indian health and nursing. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning.
Pérez, M. A., & Luquis, R. R. (2008). Cultural competence in health education and health promotion. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Raingruber, B. (2016). Contemporary Health Promotion In Nursing Practice. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Ray, M. A. (2016). Transcultural caring dynamics in nursing and health care. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company.
Rundle, A. K., Carvalho, M., & Robinson, M. (1999). Cultural competence in health care: A practice guide. San Francisco, Calif: Jossey-Bass.
Stanley, D. (2016). Clinical Leadership in Nursing and Healthcare: Values into Action. Newark: Wiley.
University of Michigan–Flint. (2011). Online journal of cultural competence in nursing and healthcare. Flint, Mich: University of Michigan – Flint, Dept. of Nursing.
Westera, D. A. D. R. N. M. N. M. E. (2016). Spirituality in Nursing Practice: The Basics and Beyond. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Olaussen, S. J., & Renzaho, A. M. (2016). Establishing components of cultural competence healthcare models to better cater for the needs of migrants with disability: a systematic review. Australian Journal of Primary Health, 22, 2, 100-12.
Govere, L., & Govere, E. M. (2016). How Effective is Cultural Competence Training of Healthcare Providers on Improving Patient Satisfaction of Minority Groups? A Systematic Review of Literature. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 13, 6, 402-410.
Farnbach, S., Eades, A. M., & Hackett, M. L. (2015). Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-focused primary healthcare social and emotional wellbeing research: a systematic review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 4.
Muecke, A., Lenthall, S., & Lindeman, M. (2011). Culture shock and healthcare workers in remote Indigenous communities of Australia: what do we know and how can we measure it?. Rural and Remote Health, 11, 2.)
Cultural Artifact Analysis of Pearl Harbor Movie Cultural Artifact Analysis
Topic chose- Pearl Harbor(movie)
Now we will try our hands at an analytical inquiry into a cultural artifact in order to discover a meaningful and valuable idea about the artifact and the cultures that relate to it.
Your first step in writing this project is to choose an artifact that has both interest to you and the potential to be interesting to an audience. Remember as you select your artifact that your goal is to use analysis to invent knowledge that has value to an audience. Ask these kinds of questions:
Who uses this thing? Why and how?
What does this thing mean? Why and how?
Who values this thing? Why and how?
Who made this thing? Why and how?
Specific guidelines
1) Your project must have a focusing idea/thesis.
2) Your focusing idea/thesis must be valuable to the audience you specify. In other words, it must pass the “so what?” test.
3) Your inquiry should focus on a single primary artifact. Secondary artifacts are useful only to reveal the primary artifact’s meaning.
4) As you generate inquiry questions, remember to approach the artifact from a variety of perspectives. And be aware of the various rhetorical features of your artifact, just like Mitchell is in her essay “The Rhetoric of Celebrity Cookbooks.”
5) Include a note at the end of your project and in this note tell me how you approached decisions in the following areas. Two to five sentences for each area will work.
Situation. What is this writing situation like?
Purpose. What is your purpose in writing this investigation?
Audience. Who is your audience and how does your writing relate to them?
Mode/genre. What do you think about writing in this mode/genre?
Learning goals
• To figure out how to use evidence and analysis for the purpose of the invention
• To understand how to relate to an
Cultural Artifact Analysis of Pearl Harbor Movie
• To understand how the inquiry process works: forming inquiry questions, revising them, and seeking answers in order to develop an inventive thesis
Skills we’ll practice
• Inquiry skills
• Research skills
• Connecting specific details to larger ideas or concepts
• Strategies for inventing good ideas through repeated revision
We may not always recognise the influence of culture because, ironically, we are so immersed in it. It is often only by stepping outside of one’s own culture that it becomes possible to see its influence on people’s behaviour, values and expectations. Global organisations create situations whereby the culture of each country in which the company operates influences leadership and business practices, leading to differences from divisions in other countries and from the headquarters.
What are the implications of these differences for HR policy? In this essay, continue considering the cultural differences amongst countries that may have a bearing on HR policy.
•Read the required files which sent by email.
o Synthesising the general lessons about the influence of local culture on HR policy in global organisations.
o Providing an alternative perspective on the ways in which HR leaders can use policy to be responsive to local cultural differences in multinational organisations
o Discussing ways your experiences are similar or different with regard to the impact of culture on HR policy.
o Asking probing questions to learn more about your classmates’ views, such as their experiences with specific HR policies in different cultural contexts
SAMPLE ANSWER
DHRP COLL W7: Influence of culture
Human Resource professionals in multinational corporations (MNC) and globalized organizations should be clued-up of how local culture could impact on the development as well as execution of human resources practices and policies. Global firms create situations in which the culture of every nation where the firm is operating in influences business and leadership practices, resulting in differences from divisions in other nations and from the head-offices. This paper provides a detailed discussion of the implications of these differences for human resource policy.
In today’s world, hundreds of business organizations operate globally. Morgan Stanley, Exxon Mobil, General Electric, Apple, BP and virtually each one of the leading global brands have worldwide operations. For these MNCs to be effective, they need to take into consideration the local practices, their local impact on the nations in which they operate, and even the existing cultural boundaries (Perlmutter 2001). The task of ensuring cultural efficacy and compatibility in most cases falls on the organization’s HR manager, particularly focusing on retention-oriented compensation and structural training and development. Hofstede Theory of Cultural Dimensions is an essential measure of cultural distinctions utilized by many organizations when deciding to assume these global endeavours. This theory helps in the smooth transition into overseas countries. When this theory is employed, policy creators and HR managers can identify the most appropriate training approaches for the base-country and local-country employees (Thite, Wilkinson & Shah 2012).
Whenever MNCs penetrate unfamiliar and unknown operating environments, with largely really distinct practices compared to the organization’s host country, there is an unavoidable conflict with culture, operating practices of local workers, and corporate social responsibility. Human resources managers are capable of mitigating these differences and the ensuing conflicting behaviours with enhanced intercultural communication skills and understanding (Aycan et al. 2000).
Human resource managers often face the challenge of balancing societal and corporate cultures whilst promoting diversity. While some cultures for instance a command-and-control style of management could be modified to fit with the local cultures, others, for instance human rights practices and integrity, cannot be compromised (Aycan 2005). Human Resource professionals should understand and manage the complexities, choosing the elements of corporate culture that could change, as well as the ones that are crucial to protecting the ethics and values of company. The firm cannot alter policies that relate to anti-bribery, but it can decide to alter its dress-down- Friday’s rule. In addition, the company’s senior executives might decide to impose cultural aspects, for instance consistently giving back to the community across the multinational corporation. The challenge becomes even harder when dealing with employees who are new, temporary and remote workers, as well as workers who are engaged through means like crowd sourcing. Furthermore, the human resources department should come up with programs for assisting managers to adapt whenever they move from the headquarters to regions with dissimilar cultural and societal norms (Sparrow 2012).
In an effort to try and solve the conflict between the local/host-country culture and the influence of home-country culture on the multinational corporation’s corporate culture, it is important to set up training seminars for the company’s managers in the host country. For example, in 1988, the American multinational General Electric (GE) acquired the French company Companies General de Radiologie (CGR). The move for General Electric marked a vital step in gaining market share in Europe in the medical equipment sector. To try and resolve the conflict between the culture of the French and the influence of United States culture on the corporate culture of General Electric, GE held training round tables for their managers in Europe, including its managers in France. The seminars helped in establishing values, direction, and goals for firms which is particularly significant following acquisitions like the acquisition of CGR. Business organizations usually fail to properly define what they are exactly expecting from people. Even so, when the HR department provides training sessions as General Electric did, a significant amount of time is spent in clarifying expectations (Tarique & Schuler 2010).
Management style improvement interventions are significant interventions that business organizations could make as a way of resolving discrepancies with cultures of high-power distance. An important effort in trying to bridge the culture gaps is to hold seminars that encourage leaders and managers to proactively support the new corporate culture and organizational structure. Helping employees and managers to understand the way the structure of the firm actually work together is helpful in assimilating new staff members into the firm during acquisition (Aycan 2005). Although they are just slightly effective in attaining true organizational compatibility between the MNC and the acquired firm, these training seminars serve as an important example of the way that HR initiatives help to close cultural gaps for increased organizational efficiency. Through effective training and development programs, General Electric was able to solve the cultural issues with the French company CGR. The training and development programs could be as intricate as exploring complex, deeper organizational foundations and rituals, to as straightforward as iterating the dissimilarities between cultures and the way they interact (Sparrow 2012).
Conclusion
In conclusion, many business organizations operate worldwide these days. Human Resource professionals should understand and effectively manage the complexities, choosing the elements of corporate culture that could change, as well as the ones that are vital to protecting the ethics and values of the firm. A major effort in closing the culture gaps is to hold seminars that encourage company leaders and managers to proactively support the new corporate culture and organizational structure.
References
Aycan, Z., Kanungo, RN., Mendonca, M., Yu, K., Deller, J., Stahl, G., & Kurshid, A 2000, Impact of culture on human resource management practices: A 10-country comparison. International Association for Applied Psychology, 34(4): 1-30
Aycan, Z 2005, The interplay between cultural and institutional/structural contingencies in human resource management practices. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(7): 1083-1119
Perlmutter, HV 2001, The tortuous evolution of the multinational corporation. Wharton Quarterly, 3(3):4-16
Sparrow, P 2012, Globalising the international mobility function: the role of emerging markets, flexibility and strategic delivery models. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 23(12): 2404–2427
Tarique, I., & Schuler, RS 2010, Global talent management: Literature review, integrative framework, and suggestions for further research. Journal of World Business 45(6): 122-133
Thite, M., Wilkinson., & Shah, D 2012, Internationalization and HRM strategies across subsidiaries in multinational corporations from emerging economies—A conceptual framework. Journal of World Business, 47(12): 251-258
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