The purpose of this assignment is to allow the student to calculate the project cash flow using net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and the payback methods.
Assignment Steps
Resources: Corporate Finance
Create a 350-word memo to management including the following:
Describe the use of internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and the payback method in evaluating project cash flows.
Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each method.
Calculate the following time value of money problems:
If you want to accumulate $500,000 in 20 years, how much do you need to deposit today that pays an interest rate of 15%?
What is the future value if you plan to invest $200,000 for 5 years and the interest rate is 5%?
What is the interest rate for an initial investment of $100,000 to grow to $300,000 in 10 years?
If your company purchases an annuity that will pay $50,000/year for 10 years at a 11% discount rate, what is the value of the annuity on the purchase date if the first annuity payment is made on the date of purchase?
What is the rate of return required to accumulate $400,000 if you invest $10,000 per year for 20 years. Assume all payments are made at the end of the period.
Calculate the project cash flow generated for Project A and Project B using the NPV method.
Which project would you select, and why?
Which project would you select under the payback method? The discount rate is 10% for both projects.
Use Microsoft® Excel® to prepare your answer.
Note that a similar problem is in the textbook in Section 5.1.
Sample Template for Project A and Project B:
Sample Template for Project A and Project B
Show all work.
Submit the memo and all calculations.
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Compare and contrast climate from early to mid 1900 with today
Compare and contrast climate from early to mid 1900 with today
The focus of the paper is the reaction to the political climate of worker safety during early 19th century, (specifically the time between 1908-1915 and specifically located in NYC) that culminated from the Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire that occurred March of 1911 that killed 146 immigrant females, compared and contrast to the political climate today in regards to worker safety.
The idea is to portray why human life was of so little value regarding factory workers. Safety regulations were in place but when it came to the immigrants and other various companies that employed massive amounts of people safety laws and city codes went by and large went unchecked (very little regulatory guidelines and consequences) and to that matter workers plea for better working conditions to include better wages, decent hours (not the typical 92 hour work week), and safe working conditions was lost as a political function.
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“While marketing is important, recreation, leisure and tourism industries require more planning, management, and policies which transcend the concerns of marketers”. As a manager of an imaginary leisure and tourism company, critically examine the relevance of this statement in the light of development of a tourist package for a couple who intend to have their honey moon in the Caribbean. (In your discussion, identify a romantic tourist attraction that will be suitable for the couple, plan for their domestic or international travel arrangements, boarding and lodging, a range of activities, services and entertainments, safety and security precautions, health information, cost outlay and financial resource planning for their trip and stay at the destination.
STRUCTURE OF ESSAY
The following structure and guidelines are required:
1. INTRODUCTION
i) An overview of the topic (theme), noting the emergence of the issue, extent or
severity in a particular context (eg country). In other words, in this section, you are
defining and describing the issue and briefly introducing the major implications.
ii) STATEMENT OF AIM: As part of the introduction, state what you are setting out
to accomplish in your paper, in one sentence. Pay attention to the words you use. For
example, if you are going to “analyze and evaluate” an issue, a descriptive essay will
not fulfill the stated intentions.
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE TOPIC
i) Describe and assess the main issues noting a) major components, trends and
relationships and b) pertinent aspects of the socio-economic, political,
cultural, regulatory, biophysical environments etc.
ii) Present statistical evidence to illustrate the major components, trends and
relationships. All illustrations (tables, maps, graphs) must be referred to in the text.
At least 2 illustrations are required.
3. EVALUATION
i) Discuss aspects of these issues that are related to your topic (eg. economic,
environmental, marketing, transportation, historical, religious, romantic, regulation,
safety, security, health, conflicts, planning, management etc.). Discuss these issues
in relation to the roles and responsibilities of individuals, partners, organizations,
businesses, communities, government agencies etc.). The issues can be analyzed
at any level (scale) of your choice (eg individual, household, local, community,
national, international or global levels). Evaluate processes, policies, initiatives, management approaches, agreements and how they influence the decision making processes of individual tourists, business managers, planners etc and how these
decisions affect human welfare, economy and the environment etc.).
ii) Assess the effectiveness or efficiency of policies and management approaches.
Examine their effects on individual or group tourism experience (satisfaction or dissatisfaction, self-actualization or lower self-esteem, achievements or challenges cultural preservation or alteration, environmental conservation or degradation,
poverty alleviation or deprivation, inclusive or exclusive, employment or unemployment etc.).
iii) For each of the points under the broad components of the essay, describe what the
issue is by providing trends, characteristics or nature, be it positive or negative.
Explain how it occurs or happens (process, mechanism or approach), and highlight
the reasons why the issue occurs (rationale etc.), and examine the outcomes, effects,
implications or results.
iv) Is the leisure, recreation or tourism experience or activity successful or a failure,
why or why not? Explain potential obstacles and how to overcome them. BE
CRITICAL.
4. RECOMMENDATIONS & CONCLUSION
i) Recommend and defend viable solutions for managing the negative repercussions of
that tourism, recreation or leisure business, activity or experience. Also, offer
recommendations or alternative approaches where necessary. The preferred
solutions should be based on the issues raised in sections (2-3) above.
ii) Provide a summary of the key findings of the paper before the concluding remarks.
5. GUIDELINES
1. The paper must be typed, double-spaced, times new roman and 12-point font.
2. The length of the paper must be 6 pages of text, excluding illustrations and
references).
3. At least 2 illustrations are required (e.g. tables, graphs, maps, diagrams). Each
illustration must be referenced, properly labeled and referred to in the text.
4. Include a title and use sub-headings to organize the essay.
5. Use correct grammar, spelling, sentences, tenses, vocabulary, paragraph
construction and punctuation. All pages must be numbered.
6. Indicate in LARGE TYPE on the title page of your paper, the number and complete
text of the question you are answering, the course number, instructor’s name, your
name and student number. Staple, do not bind your essay.
6. REFERENCING
You must reference/cite all quotes, ideas, and illustrations that are not your own using both in-text citations and a bibliography. In-text citations appear directly in the essay to support your argument and indicate information sources. The scientific method is required (e.g. Smith 2010; Harris and Jones 2017, p. 3). In the bibliography section, lists in full reference all of the information sources you referenced within the text. Use the American Psychological Association (APA) referencing style for the bibliography at the end of the essay.
You must have a minimum of 6 references. Use journal articles, books, government publications, agency reports, technical reports (United Nations or World Bank, World Food and Agriculture Organization etc). Only 2 Internet sources are required. An Internet source may include, for example, “facts” listed on the Statistics Canada website). DO NOT USE Wikipedia, blocs, or web links that have no date of publication and agency or individual names associated with the piece, paper, or report. You are allowed to use e-books, electronic journals, government documents and research reports. You are required to use recent references and publications as much as possible (eg. 2010 to 2018). You may use one older article only if it refers to historical or past activities, events or decisions.
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You are expected to choose ONE of the following two questions and respond in essay-format. In addition to ensuring that the content of your essays is accurate, also please make sure that you spend an appropriate amount of time proofreading before submitting. Awkward, incomplete, or run-on sentences are distracting and will be penalized, as will typos and grammatical errors. In addition, make sure to think about the structure of your arguments and the flow of your essay before writing. I highly recommend that you start with an introduction, segue into the body in which you go argument by argument, using evidence along the way to support your arguments, then finish with a conclusion. And do your best to tie your arguments back to something from the textbook. Impress me with how much you’ve learned and how you can apply it to the questions below!
Finally, anything that is not your own idea, even if you paraphrase it, must be cited in the text. Check the following website for more details on formatting: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/1/
Choose EITHER Q1 or Q2
Q1) As a manger, you are responsible for intervening when an employee is underperforming. Create a scenario in which an employee is underperforming and walk me through the seven stages of how you would handle it.
HINT #1: Consult your textbook!
HINT #2: For full credit, make sure to state the seven stages in your own words and describe/tie-in when appraisal feedback works best.
Q2) You’re the manager for the launch of a new international product. Briefly describe the product (be creative). What are the top 3 types of diversity you would want members of your product design team to have? Explain/justify your rationale for each type (i.e., why would each type of diversity be advantageous?) Based on your answer, what is one thing you could do to encourage cohesiveness?
HINT: For full credit, make sure to mention the importance of Hofstede’s research findings when justifying one type of diversity.
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Time is flying by…Where is your time going? In what courses are you feeling you never have enough time to complete what is required? (Calculus) Be honest, in what ways are you wasting some time here or there…please describe. In the beginning of the semester, I asked you about your reading and reading locations for your courses. Let’s check back in on that now:
Where (locations) and when are you doing your reading? Which courses are taking the most amount of time at this point?
(microeconomics) What are you noticing in regard to HOW you have to read for each of your different courses? What do you feel needs to change?
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In this SLP, you will be a health and safety manager in a company that has a manufacturing facility with multiple occupational hazards. This setting could be a place where you currently work, one that you may be familiar with, or one that you just find interesting.
In the facility there have been many workers compensation claims for back injury and chronic back pain. Also, there has recently been concern for exposure to biological hazards when accidents occur and there is potential for exposure to blood or body fluid. For this SLP, and in the context of your SLP project:
Identify ergonomic hazards to which workers may be exposed, particularly the ones leading to back injury, and design a plan to address this concern and prevent future injuries.Design a plan to prevent exposure to biological hazards in your workforce.
Healey, B. J., & Walker, K. T. (2009). Chapter 11: Ergonomics. In Public health/environmental health: Introduction to occupational health in public health practice. Hoboken, NJ, USA: Jossey-Bass.
Institute of Medicine. (2000). Chapter 3: The changing workforce. In Safe work in the 21st century: Education and training needs for the next decade’s occupational safety and health personnel. Washington, DC, USA: National Academies Press.
Montano, D. (2014). Chemical and biological work-related risks across occupations in Europe: A review. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 9: 28-41.
Painter, J. A., Hoekstra, R. M., Ayers, T., Tauxe, R. V., Braden, C. R., Angulo F. J., et al. (2013). Attribution of foodborne illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths to food commodities by using outbreak data, United States, 1998–2008. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 19(3): 407-415.
The focus of this paper is on interpreting social trends as related to demographics about women equal right in North American society
Identify GENDER GAP PAY through research a recent/significant trend with the group. Interpret this trend and support the interpretation with at least three factors.
This essay should follow APA formatting and academic conventions:
Must follow these rules, such as writing stage, patterns, and all the requirements in attachment!!!
Must use reliable and credible sources only! (government, university, credible journal, and book)!!!
• Carefully follow the writing stage, patterns, and all the requirements in the attachment.!!!
• Use APA formatting including a title page (no abstract needed)
• You should use APA documentation and cite ALL of your sources. Don’t forget about the citation for the information in the background paragraph.
• Include a References page with correct APA references.
• Your essay task should be 4 pages of writing and 1page of Statistical Analysis/Social Science Essay Planning Worksheet, double spaced. The writing should include an introduction, background paragraph, conclusion, and a minimum of three (3) body paragraphs.
• A minimum of 5 credible sources is required for this essay. Each body paragraph should have two pieces of evidence, including at least one statistic for each paragraph, and at least one illustrative example in the essay.
The Social Science/Statistics Essay:
The Social Science/Statistics Essay:
Writing Stage
Introduction (3-4 sentences)
You do not need a hook.
Follow the general introduction pattern.
Provide your THESIS.
Background Section (A=B)
Define your topic (Don’t forget this must be researched—you must provide credible citations)
Provide the basic characteristics of your demographic group (Don’t explain everything about the demographic or trend – only give characteristics that are relevant to your thesis)
If possible, include the data (statistics) that reveal the main trend you are analyzing.
If your essay is focused on causes, consider writing about effects here. If your essay is focused on effects consider discussing causes (If you aren’t sure what this is, don’t worry about it. We won’t cover cause/effect relationships in more detail until English 101).
B=C Transition Sentence (at the end of the background paragraph)
Add the key word – a synonym of the interpretation of the trend that you want to highlight
Body Paragraphs (3-5) – Explain your interpretation
• Assertion – key words from your thesis + a new specific key word
• Explanation – 1-2 sentences
• General Evidence
-introduce the source of your statistics – focus on credibility
-give your statistics and the citation
• Discussion
-add a transition word
-interpret the meaning of your statistics – connect to key words
• More Specific Evidence
(maybe more specific statistics, maybe an interpretation from an expert, maybe an example/story/case study) For the Social Science essay, you must include one illustrative example in the essay
• More Discussion
-transition
-interpret the meaning again
• Connection Sentence
Conclusion (3-4 sentences)
Summarize the trend. Try to explain in a fresh way.
Do not offer a solution to a problem.
Do not end with empty, general words
Thesis Statement
Step One: Choose your topic.
Step Two: Choose a perspective.
Step Three: Identify the main trend you want to emphasize
Step Four: Interpret the trend. Why do you think it has happened? What is the MAIN reason?
Step Five: Break down your idea into different factors to explain the idea. The following are common ways to do this:
• Specific causes
• Specific effects
• Specific categories
Thesis statement and introduction patterns:
Key Words: The key word relationship is as follows:
Topic Key Word = demographic (the group you are writing about)
Thesis Key Word = interpretation (the word describing the trend in relationship to the demographic)
Assertion Key Words= factors (the ideas you think that explain why the trend is happening).
Note: The trend IS NOT a key word. The trend is background information and the catalyst for the problem, but it is not the primary focus of the evidence and discussion for the essay. At the university level, this kind of essay is interpretive, not discriptive (it is focused on your explanation of how the trend influences the group).
One way to interpret social statistics/trend data
Though it is not the only way, one common (and simple) way to interpret social trends is to think of the positively/negatively.
Consider the demographic and trend you have identified. Do you think this trend is positive or negative for your group? What about for society as a whole?
IF POSITIVE ? Then positive interpretation (Posititve thesis key word, & Positive
evidence/discussion)
IF NEGATIVE ? Then negative interpretation (Negative thesis key word, & negative
evidence/discussion)
DON’T
Avoid overgeneralizations:
Avoid “always” and “never:”
Avoid “all:”
Avoid “causes:”
DO:
Use modal verbs like “could” and “might.” Remember that there could be different reasons for the numbers you see.
Use words like “possibly” or “probably.”
Use words like “tends to” or “tendency,” “correlates” or “correlation,” “relevant to” or “relates to” rather than “causes.”
Acknowledge that there are other interpretations and views.
Where to use hedging language:
Hedging language should be used in the discussion immediately after using statistics. It should NEVER be used in assertion/connection sentences, it should not be used after other types of evidence, though it can be used in explanation sentences.
Social Science Body Paragraph Pattern (Detailed)
Use the following paragraph pattern not only for the social statistics essay, but for all academic body paragraphs that you write!
Assertion: State what the paragraph will discuss/prove with the main interpretation (academic concept/word) from the thesis (thesis key word) and a key word (factor) from the roadmap (assertion key word).
Transition word/phrase (In more detail, More specifically, In other words)
Explanation: Explain the assertion in more detail, focusing on the assertion key word.
Transition word/phrase (According to, As¬¬¬______states/reports/indicates)
Evidence: Following the formula for giving statistical evidence, share paraphrased (not “quoted”) statistical evidence, make sure to introduce with credibility & methodology, and cite (Last name/organization, Year).
Transition word/phrase (This appears to suggest/indicates, This could indicate/suggest, This could possibly mean)
Discussion: Explain in your own words with hedging how the evidence supports the assertion/thesis. Can be more than one sentence.
Transition word/phrase (For example, For instance, In addition, Moreover,) + (According to, ______states/reports/highlights/suggests that)
Evidence: An illustrative example (follow the formula for introducing illustrative examples) or more specific than evidence above, make sure to introduce with sufficient context, paraphrase and/or “quote” cite (Last name/organization, Year).
Transition word/phrase (Clearly, This suggests/reveals/means/highlights that, For this reason, With this in mind,)
Discussion: Explain in your own words (no hedging) how the evidence proves/supports the assertion/thesis/evidence above. Can be more than one sentence.
Transition word/phrase (Therefore,/Thus,/Hence,/Consequently,)
Connection sentence: Using the interpretation (thesis key word) and the assertion key word (factor) from the roadmap (same key words from the assertion), summarize in one sentence how the paragraph proved the assertion/thesis
Writing Discussion Sentences with Hedging
Hedging language should always be used in the discussion sentences of a body paragraph following statistical evidence (but not other types of evidence, such as expert testimony or examples), and can also be used in the explanation sentences (but should not be used in assertion/connection sentences). To effectively hedge discussion sentences:
Use a Hedging Transition:
Instead of use transitions such as “With this in mind,” or “Clearly”, begin with a hedging transition. Some options include:
This appears to indicate that…, The evidence suggests that…, This could suggest that…,
This could possibly mean…
Use a Modal Verb:
Make sure to use modal verbs such as “might” or “could”
Include Additional Hedging Language:
Make sure to consider including additional hedging language in the rest of the discussion such as “possibly”, “probably”, “seems”, “tendency”, “un/likely”, “perhaps”, “presumably”.
Consider also writing discussion sentences that explore other interpretations of the data:
Searching For Statistics Online
Searching for statistics online can be difficult, so it is important to be methodical and selective in the way you search. The following are some tips that will help you search for trustworthy and unbiased statistics.
1. Choose your topic! It will not help you to just search for statistics, you must choose a topic first. For example, if you wanted to do a report on “Generation Y”, try doing a web search and learning as much as you can about this generation. Write down key words and remember information related to numbers such as the birth years that define this generation. Wikipedia articles and other non-academic writing are acceptable at this stage.
2. Narrow your topic by choosing a perspective! After choosing a topic you need to look at it from a certain perspective. You want to choose an aspect of the topic that is academic and would get statistical information (e.g. economic, political, religious, marketing, psychological, sociological, health). If you are stuck, try doing both a general web search and an academic article search through the university library database to find what other writers might be discussing about your topic.
3. Try an advanced web search. Good web search programs will have an advanced search function that will help you look for specific types of information using Boolean logic words (and, or, not). This will help you widen your search based on your key words.
Some other helpful terms for finding data include typing: your topic + “trend data”, or “data”, “market research”, “statistics”, “research reports”, “statistical analysis”.
4. Try official statistics websites. “Official statistics” are those produced by government departments and other public institutions such as international organizations like the UN. For example, Statistics Canada is Canada’s official statistics agency. There are also a few academic statistical associations such as the International Statistical Institute or the American Statistical Association that might provide helpful links and information. Official statistics are some of the best statistics that can be cited in an essay. REMEMBER: Official statistics searches often need to be searched using proper statistical terms. Therefore you will get few results using a term such as “Generation Y”, and should instead use terms such as “age” or “generational”. This is why compiling key words, synonyms, and official words are important!
5. Try recognized research organizations. There are a number of recognized and respected private research companies such as Pew Research Center, Gallup, Nielsen, IPSOS, Illuminas, and NDP Group. Often they will have access to recent articles that have used their information. Keep in mind, though, that many of these are for-profit companies so they may not give access to information without paying a fee.
Academic Perspective
Whenever you write an essay at the university, you should consider whether adding an academic perspective is useful for narrowing your topic and focusing your argument. The academic perspective is the “point of view”, based on an academic discipline (one branch of knowledge studied at the university), that you will take when you write about a problem.
Consider the trend that people in the world tend to be getting healthier and wealthier. This can be written upon from many different perspectives. What does this mean from an economic perspective? What about a political perspective? What about religious? What about health/medicine? What about psychology? Each branch of knowledge would consider the trend in a different way.
In a short essay, it is important to choose one perspective from which you will write. This will influence and change the key words you choose, the evidence you choose, and the discussion that you write.
Narrowing your perspective
This essay is about social science and statistical analysis. For this reason, the most obvious academic perspective that could be used is sociology. However, many essays might also include a second perspective, or focus more on another branch of knowledge than on sociology.
The most common (for social science) include the following:
Sociology
Psychology
Politics/Political Science
Religion
Business (and its sub-branches)
Economics
Marketing
Finance
Communications
Education
Health/Medicine
Some of the above perspectives are often combined as a single word because of their close relationship. For instance, the socioeconomic, and the sociopolitical.
Which perspective will you choose for your essay? In a short essay (i.e. 3-10 pages), your perspective should be limited to only 1 or 2.
Writing Discussion Sentences with Hedging
Hedging language should always be used in the discussion sentences of a body paragraph following statistical evidence (but not other types of evidence, such as expert testimony or examples), and can also be used in the explanation sentences (but should not be used in assertion/connection sentences). To effectively hedge discussion sentences:
Use a Hedging Transition:
Instead of use transitions such as “With this in mind,” or “Clearly”, begin with a hedging transition. Some options include:
This appears to indicate that…, The evidence suggests that…, This could suggest that…,
This could possibly mean…
Use a Modal Verb:
Make sure to use modal verbs such as “might” or “could”
Include Additional Hedging Language:
Make sure to consider including additional hedging language in the rest of the discussion such as “possibly”, “probably”, “seems”, “tendency”, “un/likely”, “perhaps”, “presumably”.
Consider also writing discussion sentences that explore other interpretations of the data:
While August 26th is celebrated as Women’s Equality Day, it is difficult to comprehend that which is being celebrated, since there is still much that needs to be done. The disparity in terms of pay, across the genders is pronounced and although there is definite progress towards its reduction, the country is far from reaching the mark. North America is as such, not an exception. The gender pay gap is so pervasive that it plagues even the world’s most gender-neutral country. Iceland.
August 26th, 1920, the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution was passed. The amendment, in turn, gave women the right to vote. However, decades late, this equality has not effectively permeated through different sectors. Of particular importance to this discussion is the gender wage gap. The position taken by this analysis is that while the positive strides have been acknowledged, too little has been achieved as far as the closing of the gender wage gap is concerned (Farrell, 2015). This unimpressive progress has been the culmination of various socio-economic factors and has hurt the economy. To put matters into perspective, the following in-depth discussion conceptualizes the gender wage gap by the ratio, ethnic factors, and academic achievement.
For every dollar that a man makes in North America, a woman makes an average of 80 cents only. This statistic is according to a study conducted by the American Association of University Women. It profoundly puts into perspective the concept of the gender pay gap. As will be seen in the following sections of this discussion, there much more to this statistic than meets the eye. Important to underscore is the fact that the gender wage gap is not a unique problem to North America or American in general. It is a serious global problem that needs to be addressed.
Racial and ethnic factors also uniquely shape the trend in gender gap pay. While there already exists disparity in terms of how much less women are paid compared to their male counterparts, the problem is worsened by race. On average, women make 80 cents for every dollar a man earns. However, black women are paid 63 cents for every dollar non-Hispanic white males make. The statistics do not favor Latinas either. Latina women make on average, 54 cents per dollar earned by non-Hispanic white males (Brinlee, 2018). Gender gap pay is adversely affected by the sociocultural issues of race.
It is the expectation of many that as academic achievement increases, the pay increases. The finding made is that women earning degrees are not, in turn, winning more on the job. The gender gap is even wider for higher levels of education. The Center for American Progress for instance indicated that after enrollment in college, men working for six years earned $4,000 more than women working for ten years (Haveman, 2016). The implication is that this does not give women the incentive to study in order to improve their pay. On the same note, a survey by the Women’s policy research highlighted that women with college degrees experienced the broadest gender gap. Precisely, they earned 69 cents for every dollar that their male counterparts made (Brinlee, 2018).
This discussion has clearly illustrated that there is the disparity in pay by gender. The question that begs is on the factors that lead to this disparity. The statistics could be explained by unconscious bias in the workplace. Other factors that contribute to the gap are inconsistent pay practices, and most importantly, the sociocultural behavior of considering men at a better place than women. This is a deeply ingrained attitude problem that needs to be addressed to realize progress.
Closing the gender wage gap is inherent. The need to close this gap goes over and beyond trying to achieve fairness. The underlying fact is that the gender wage gap has a significant impact on the economy. If the current rate of progress is anything to go by, the United States might not be in a position to close the gender wage gap until 2059, three decades from now (Dishman, 2018). This trend is referenced from the United States Congress Joint Economic Committee.
The deduction is that as it takes more time to close this wage gap, the economy equally continues to lose more and more. The impact on the economy is profound. It implies that if the gender wage gap is closed, the average working North American woman would be able to afford an extra year of tuition, an additional year and a half for food, or a year of childcare (Dishman, 2018). This illustration highlights not just the impact of the gender wage gap on the economy, but also the extent of disparity.
Ninety-five years since the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution and North America, like the rest of the country, is grappling with serious issues of the gender wage gap. It is a concerning state of affairs that there is still disproportionate pay on the basis of gender. This discussion has taken certain critical aspects into account; the overall ratio, academic achievement, and ethnicity. Across the board, there is a worrying trend on how women are paid less on average, compared to their male counterparts. The gender wage gap is experienced in the workplace environment in politics and education (Higgins & Regan, 2016). Based on the deductions made by this paper, this socioeconomic issue needs to be taken more seriously and a solution sought. Indeed, this is not what was envisioned by the founding fathers.
Equal Pay Day may be the most opportune moment to call attention to the gender wage gap. This is more so as the one-hundred-year mark draws close. However, Equal Pay Day is also a time for action. It is the best time for legislators to be reminded that action needs to be taken to close the gender wage gap for North American states. It is an opportune time to call for an update to the Equal Pay Act of 1963. The region is over and beyond a time of passivity. Instead, call to action is necessary and ripe, should the dream of equal pay ever be realized.
Farrell, W. (2015). Why Men Earn More: The Startling Truth Behind the Pay Gap–and what Women Can Do about it. American Management Association.
Haveman, R. H. (2016). Earnings Inequality: The Influence of Changing Opportunities and Choices. AEI Press.
Higgins, M., & Regan, M. (2016). The Gender Wage Gap. ABDO.
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How will you bring the idea to life? Explain your idea and your overall communications strategy.
Describe and provide rationale for your communications strategy that brings your big idea to life. Outline your key channels choices and explain why you selected them. Demonstrate how your creative executions address the challenge. How do your creative and media strategies work together to reach your target audience?
Requirement: minimum of three (3) different creative executions via three (3) unique media channels.
2D.
Begin creative development for your different channels. Create sketches, storyboards or preliminary videos to bring your idea to life. Remember to use the positioning statement and your target audiences when you are creating this.
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You have excellent theoretical points in this section, which I would definitely keep for the final draft. Note, though, that it is important to identify specific companies that have addressed compliance issues, state what those issues were, and explain how they were resolved.
What pertinent aspects of U.S. law should the company be aware of in its goal to do business internationally?
As stated in the laws governing the United States of America, there are Exclusive Economic Zones in which only certain businesses such as those involving natural resources, fisheries and other economic activities which are overseen by the National Environmental Policy Act (Murphy, 2003). Besides, the United States of America’s federal law agents also came up with specific rules which were signed and stamped by the Cuban President, Clinton to prevent American companies from operating within Cuba. The reason for such decisions is because the government of the United States of America was seeking to uphold a top-notch reputation for its investments in Cuba. Thus, associating the U.S citizens with Cubans through business activities would sabotage these plans. In attempts that the citizens of the United States of America break the law, the victims will be subjected to expensive fines which they will pay to the government and even worse taken to jails for many years.
In addition to that, the companies in the United States of America are also urged to keep off business deals with countries practising terrorism such as Iran, McAdams et al., (2015). The law was passed after some U. S citizens were killed in an explosion when they were using road transport in Iran for purposes of doing business. The bomb blast saga was defended and covered by the Iranian government (Murphy, 2003). Thus, firms founded in the United States of America are warned to stay away from countries like Iran if they want their international businesses to grow since such nations thrive in retarding economic success for foreigners in their markets.
Moreover, there are also laws in the federal system of the United States of America which prevents companies from associating their businesses with foreign countries wallowing in constant political conflicts such as Zimbabwe (Murphy, 2003). When there is political instability, the success of local business waver, and it gets worse for foreign entrepreneurs. Therefore, the U.S federal laws tend to warn companies interested in international markets against such countries so they can resort to choosing other economic markets where there is perpetual peace and cohesion for their startups to thrive.
Assess the legal implications of moving business abroad specific to your chosen country. What are the advantages and disadvantages of such a move?
When a trader decides to relocate their business to Mexico, they should have in mind the legal implications such as taxation, high labour costs when hiring employees, culture shock, consumer tastes and preferences to mention a few.
Advantages
First of all, when entrepreneurs relocate to Mexico, they incur cheap labour costs (Maranto-Vargas & Rangel, 2007). It has attracted many investors from the United States of America hence making their businesses to grow and expand internationally. Also, Mexican workforce has always proven top-notch productivity which makes it easier to operate different manufacturing and processing companies in the economy. As compared to other countries such as China where the minimum wage per worker is high, it is advisable for traders to strike business deals with the Mexican government. Mexico has also benefited from this move in that they have secured some of the most lucrative investments since they declared the economy an open-free market. Therefore, it has developed various sectors such as automobile industries, mechanical and food processing and manufacturing companies which are sprouting all over the economic markets.
Another advantage is that there are few logistics involved when entering the trading markets thus reducing the excess paperwork that traders who opt for other foreign countries such as China go through. Mexico also exhibits a diverse market owing to the ease of trading with other countries through the Mexican borders (Maranto-Vargas & Rangel, 2007). The numerous cultures present a ready market for different kinds of goods hence attracting many investors. With this, the entrepreneurs can easily raise huge profits from their business activities when they choose to operate in Mexico.
Disadvantages
One of the drawbacks is that the Mexican government has continuously faced the problem of inadequate financial resources hence preventing people from expanding their businesses (Maranto-Vargas & Rangel, 2007). What usually happens is that the investors are unable to access financial institutions where they can borrow money for their startups. Also, Mexicans face a lot of underdevelopment in some of their sectors thus limiting the operation of certain business activities. There have also been numerous cases of drug trafficking which has always been the cause of violence between the citizens and the law thus resulting in chaos within the country. Therefore, having such a business environment is likely to scare away investors and customers who would have engaged in business activities with the foreigners.
Most of all, the traders will face a threat and constant competition from markets in the United States of America considering the proximity of the two countries. This is likely to leave Mexican entrepreneurs with no demand for their products which is likely to result in losses. The worst case scenario is the high taxation rates which will be a setback to foreign investors. Language barrier is also a challenge to many, and this has made it hard for clients and seller to connect. With this, it becomes difficult to foster and build relationships the business owners and their customers. As a result, a lot of time is wasted trying to retain these few relationships.
What are the ethical implications involved in this business decision?
The ethical implications include the violation of human rights. The citizens have always experienced cases of abuse of their rights especially by the government of the United States of America. Therefore, having U.S citizens as foreign investors in Mexico makes it look like they are taking advantage of the cheap labour in the country to benefit their companies. Mexico is underdeveloped, and hence workers will take any job to sustain their livelihoods. In light of this, the foreign investors may take this as an advantage thus resulting in the exploitation of these individuals. But the investors operating international businesses can come up with multinational regulations which govern the labourers as well as a way of protecting their rights.
Another ethical implication is the illegal entry into different niches in the economic markets. When this becomes rampant, the foreigners will automatically replace the local traders thus resulting in losses for these small-scale entrepreneurs.
Corruption between governments is another ethical issue facing many international businesses. This happens when an investor who has the interests of his/her country at heart ventures into the market but fails to meet the ethics required for the startup to thrive internationally. The government officials will then pay bribes to the country where the business will operate globally. This provides foreign investors with a competitive advantage over the local business persons.
Furthermore, cultural diversities can also result in mismatches in conducting successful business activities. This can happen when the global traders deal in commodities which are considered a taboo or unclean by the foreign country. They will, therefore, make losses and waste other resources used in setting up the business.
Trust and integrity can also be an ethical issue for a business which is operating globally. This happens when the manager of the venture employs people who steal from the company or who cannot be accountable for the mistakes that arise during business operations. It will take time for the foreigners to build trust even between the company and the clients. Such practises are likely to slow down the smooth running of the economic activities in the industry.
Explain how other domestic companies have managed to comply with the U.S. laws related to this business decision in the past.
Every country out there has a set of different principles which govern their political, economic and legal entities. For these reasons, there will always be conflict, but domestic companies from foreign countries have still managed to follow the law that governs the United States of America since time immemorial for the sake of peaceful coexistence. The citizens of the United States of America have also been modest when carrying out their business activities abroad by upholding the values that govern their country. With this, they manage to stay within the standards set by the United States of America’s federal law system in the past. Also, they have been treating employees in foreign countries with respect and dignity to avoid ruining the reputation of their home country. The laws set by the United States of America condemn any illegal practices by their citizens in foreign countries, and these acts are punishable by law. So, the domestic companies have opted for respectful dealings to avoid rubbing shoulders with the United States of America’s legal system.
How did these companies address potential compliance issues?
Every business which is operating international but still has affiliations to the United States of America are under their regulation and therefore must commit to a particular form of legal agreements. These are the compliance programs which these international companies use to solve any legal issues that they may encounter when operating their businesses. The compliance programs ought to be updated regularly to keep them within the legal standards within which companies in the United States of America should work. There are also laws which govern internal business factors which can be implemented in case of compliance issues. They include employment laws governing employees, ethics and values which employers should foster for transparency and quality running of the business. So, the management can educate the employees on the benefits of having knowledge about these aspects of operating companies under the law as a way of empowering them to avoid the occurrence of compliance issues. Moreover, they can as well conduct regular assessments of the company’s activities while working towards eliminating the risky behaviour which might prevent the industries from being ranked as operating lawfully.
References
Maranto-Vargas, D., & Rangel, R. G. T. (2007). Development of internal resources and capabilities as sources of differentiation of SME under increased global competition: A field study in Mexico. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 74(1), 90-99.
McAdams, T., Neslund, N., Zucker, K. D., & Neslund, K. (2015). Law, business, and society. McGraw-Hill Education.
Murphy, S. D. (2003). United States Practice in International Law: Volume 1, 1999–2001. Cambridge University Press.
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