Roman Empire Annotated Bibliography

Roman Empire Annotated Bibliography
Roman Empire Annotated Bibliography

Roman Empire Annotated Bibliography

Research Assignment: Annotated Bibliography
Annotated Bibliography: 200 Points.
Each student will write one (1) annotated bibliography, consisting of four (4)
annotated bibliographic entries, which will demonstrates the student’s ability to collect, analyze, synthesize, and present information in written form, properly incorporating, citing and documenting sources. For this annotated bibliography, students must find four (4) valid sources on a selected topic. This is a Library  research project. Specifically, students are required to utilize the ASU Library’s databases J-Stor and Academic Search Complete to locate full-length scholarly  articles on their research topic.
The four sources utilized for this assignment must all be full-length (minimum of ten pages each) scholarly articles found in scholarly journals. Each of the four annotated bibliographic entries must be at least 150 words in length (5-7 sentences)
excluding the citations themselves, for a total minimum of 600 words of annotation.
What are “valid” sources for this assignment?
1) Full-length (minimum ten pages) scholarly articles found in scholarly
journals. NB—History Today is not a scholarly journal.
a) These articles must be published in the English language
b) These articles may not be book reviews
c) These articles must not have been originally published prior to 1960
d) These articles must be directly on your research topic
e) These articles must approach your research topic from a historical
perspective
What are not valid sources for this assignment?
In addition to the restrictions mentioned above, the following are not considered valid sources:
1) Books of any kind are not valid sources for this assignment.
2) Dictionaries and Encyclopedias, including online dictionaries and
encyclopedias (such as Wikipedia) are not considered valid sources.
3) Websites of any kind are not considered valid sources.
4) Textbooks of any kind, including the course textbook, are not considered valid sources.
5) Historical documents, or books which are collections of historical documents, are not considered valid sources.
6) Book reviews, even if they are found in scholarly journals, are not considered valid sources.
7) Scholarly articles which are fewer than ten pages in length are not considered valid sources.
8) Scholarly articles originally published prior to 1960 are not considered valid sources for this assignment.
9) Scholarly articles published in any language other than English are not
considered valid sources for this assignment.
10) Any scholarly article which does not deal directly with your research topic, and approach it from a historical perspective, is not considered a valid source.
This is a history assignment. The selected topics, and the sources employed, should address themes that fall within the chronological parameters of the course. If your research topic is Chinese Buddhism from 500 to 1500 CE, you may not employ as a source an article about Chinese Buddhism in the 19th century; nor may you employ as a source an article about Indian Buddhism, even if it deals with the appropriate time frame.
Each of the four entries will be graded on grammar, style, format, level of detail, historical accuracy, and proper citation of sources. Annotated Bibliographies containing any amount of plagiarism will receive a grade of
Zero (“0”), with no opportunity for a re-write.
Minimum standard: students must score sixty percent (60%) of all points available (that is, 120 out of 200 points).
What is an Annotated Bibliography?
A standard bibliography is a list of citations of sources (books, journals, periodicals, etc.) one has used for researching a topic. Standard Bibliographies are sometimes called “references” or “works cited” depending on the style format you are using. A standard
bibliography usually just includes the bibliographic citation information (i.e., the author, title, publisher, etc.) for each source in the bibliography. For articles, most of the elements of proper citation—author(s), title of article, title of journal in which article appears, volume and issue number of the journal in which the article appears, date of publication of that particular issue, and the page range that the article covers in that particular issue, can usually be found at the very top of the first page of the article.
An annotation is a summary and evaluation of a scholarly source. Therefore, an annotated bibliography includes not only complete citation information for each source, but also a summary and evaluation of each source. For this assignment, each of your four annotations will do the following (in five to seven complete sentences per annotation):
1) Summarize: What is the main argument of the article? What are the major points raised by the author?
2) Evaluate: does the source seem reliable? What sorts of evidence does the author employ? Does the evidence provided by the author support the major claims made by the author?
3) Assess: How does this work address your research topic and advance your understanding of that topic?
Examples of bibliographic citation, presented in proper University of Chicago format.
An example of proper bibliographic citation of an article:
Jaggard, Edwin. “Small Boroughs and Political Modernization, 1832-1868: a Cornwall Case Study.” Albion 29, no. 4 (1998), pp. 622-642.
(Note that bibliographic citations for articles contain: 1) the name of the author(s); 2) the name of the article; 3) the name of the scholarly journal in which the article appears; 4) volume number and issue number of the journal in which the article appears; 5) the date of publication of the issue of the journal in which the article appears; and 6) the page
range which the article covers in that particular issue of the journal).
Example of an annotated bibliographic citation:
Saunders, Robert. “The Politics of Reform and the Making of the Second Reform Act, 1848-1867.” Historical Journal 50, no. 3 (2007), pp. 571-591.
Saunders’ article seeks to situate the 1867 passage of the Second Reform Act in the politics of the preceding two decades, which is an approach that other historians have rejected. He argues that the failure to enact Reform in the 1850s or early 1860s was not the consequence of Conservative hostility to all political reform, but rather of the inability of Conservatives and Liberals to agree upon which types of political reforms
were desirable. Saunders’ approach provides a helpful reminder of the centrality of the question of political reform to the unfolding Liberal/Conservative debate of the 1850s and 1860s; yet he is not really able to demonstrate that the actual passage of the 1867
Reform Act was much influenced by that debate. Nevertheless, Saunders’ research is sound, drawing on a range of primary source documents including transcripts of parliamentary debates and the private correspondence of key politicians. This article has advanced my understanding of the 1867 Reform Act by illustrating the ways in
which it was, and was not, influenced by the political debates of the 1850s and early 1860s.

Roman Empire (27 BCE to 476 CE)

Temin, Peter. “Financial Intermediation in the Early Roman Empire.” The Journal of Economic History 64, no. 3 (2004): 705-33. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3874817

Sweetman, Rebecca J. “Roman Knossos: The Nature of a Globalized City.” American Journal of Archaeology 111, no. 1 (2007): 61-81. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40024581

Temin, Peter. “The Economy of the Early Roman Empire.” The Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (2006): 133-51. http://www.jstor.org/stable/30033637

Temin, Peter. “The Labor Market of the Early Roman Empire.” The Journal of Interdisciplinary History 34, no. 4 (2004): 513-38. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3656762

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Genetic modified foods Annotated Bibliography

Genetic modified foods
Genetic modified foods

Genetic modified foods

Essay 2: Annotated Bibliography

For your second major assignment, we will continue our discussion of food production issues pertaining to sustainability and the need to feed a growing world population. In this essay you will communicate your exploration, research, and reflection as you listen to, evaluate, and record the conversation surrounding food production. Acceptable topics include a discussion of GMO foods, the Green Revolution, or Nobel Prize Laureate Norman Borlaug. This could build from the interests you explored in your first essay on sustainability, or you can follow a different track. Was there something about your definition of sustainability that piqued your curiosity and warrants further exploration? This could also be an opportunity for you to delve deeper into an issue or question surrounding your chosen field.

This assignment won’ be a formal essay but a document that demonstrates your engagement with the research process. At its completion your assignment will consist of three (3) parts, each of them recording the steps you’ve taken in researching your ethical problem or issue, understanding your sources, and evaluating the direction you’ll take for the final research-supported argumentative essay. This assignment will tell your research story from inquiry (exploration of a research question) to claim (tentativ thesis).

For guidance in successfully completing this assignment, consult RRW, Ch. 1 (summary/paraphrase, embedding direct quotations in your prose), Ch. 12 (finding and evaluating sources, preparing an annotated bibliography), Ch. 13 (studying sources) and Ch. 14 (formal documentation for MLA or APA documentation style).

The most important thing to understand is that this is not an assignment you can write in one sitting from beginning to end. Itís a construction project that, in many ways, builds from the inside out.

Think of the finished product in terms of the following general outline:

Part I: Exploratory Narrative (500+ words)

The first section of the assignment will be a 1st person narrative that tells the story of your intellectual journey, beginning with your research question. You should use your research question as the title of the document. This portion of the assignment will let the reader know how your process began and progressed, what sources you found, what they were saying, and where they led you. Iím interested here in the chronological path of your process. As you can imagine, you can be drafting this section throughout the process. Consider also that books, articles, database materials, and websites are not the only relevant sources available. An interview with someone in your field, for example, might give you further insight and background into the question.

Important:Your sources here will reflect how your research develops. There is no expectation that these sources are the ones that will appear in the final paper or that they will be balanced, that is, so many for or against an issue. In fact, it’s unlikely

that all the sources will appear in the final paper. Also, resist the impulse to select only those sources that support any opinions or judgments you may already have about your topic. Reserve judgment and see where the research leads you.

Part II: Annotated Bibliography (minimum of 6 entries – 150+ words each). At least 2 sources should be accessed using the library’s ENGL 1304 Research Guide.

An annotated bibliography is like an expanded Works Cited (MLA) or References (APA) page where your reader sees not only the formal citation but a paragraph containing a summary and explanation of each source. You’ll list your sources alphabetically according to MLA or APA citation style as you would in a Works Cited or References page. Each formal citation will be followed by a short paragraph containing description and summary, an indication of the credibility, authority, or bias of the source, and a statement of how the source might fight into an argument.

Part III: Reflection and Tentative Thesis (200+ words)

The final section will give the reader a sense of where your research stands now, what’s left to be done, and what conclusions you may have drawn from participating in the conversation surrounding your question. Like the first section of the assignment, 1st person makes sense here. You can think of your final document as a rhetorical sandwich: an objective 3rd person annotated bibliography between two 1st person narratives. You’ll have a chance to flex your voice and tone muscles with this assignment.

Conclude Part III with your tentative thesis. What stand can you take, now that you’ve looked at the sources? Will you have a definitional claim? An evaluative claim? A causal claim? A proposal? The thesis is tentative and can be revised or changed in the final assignment.

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Classical Argument Annotated Bibliography

Classical Argument Annotated Bibliography  Your paper must be in MLA 8 format.

It should be at least three full pages long plus a Works Cited page.

Classical Argument
Classical Argument

The writing should be in Standard American English, well-structured, easy to follow, free from personal references and unnecessary wordiness.

Format for your classical argument paper

(This should be based on the evidence you discovered during work on your Annotated Bibliography. You may, however, add additional evidence. You should NOT change the subject entirely since this would necessitate a whole new bout of research.)

Classical Argument Annotated Bibliography Basic guidelines

Your paper must be in MLA 8 format.

It should be at least three full pages long plus a Works Cited page.

The writing should be in Standard American English, well-structured, easy to follow, free from personal references and unnecessary wordiness.

Your introduction should

O Include an attention grabber

O Set the context and give any necessary background information on your topic

O State the claim (thesis)

O Forecast the argument

Your audience

O Intelligent Texas taxpayers

Your purpose

O Persuade your readers that your claim is valid by using strong reasons and clear evidence. For help with this, see the STAR criteria for evaluating evidence: Sufficiency, Typicality, Accuracy, Relevance (Ramage et al. 320).

Your body paragraphs should

O Explain how the research and data support your claim

O Respectfully acknowledge opposing evidence/data and respond to it

Each reference to a source should

Ï Introduce the source using an attributive tag (Ramage et al. 555)

Ï Quote or summarize the important information from that source

Ï Explain the significance of the information from the source

Ï Include a correct MLA in-text citation which is also referenced in the final Works Cited page

Your conclusion should

Wrap up your paper and drive home your claimódo Classical Argument not simply repeat your introduction. Note any issues which need further exploration.

A final note

This paper is not about you. It is about the issue. Therefore, the following words and phrases do not belong in your essay: I me, myself, we, us, in my opinion, I think, I believe. Your paper is also not about your reader, and you do not know your reader personally; therefore, the following words do not belong in your essay either: you, your, youíre, yourself.

Annotated Bibliography for Career essay

Annotated Bibliography for Career essay
Annotated Bibliography for Career essay

Annotated Bibliography for Career essay

Annotated Bibliography Assignment for Career Essay
(50 points)
To create an annotated bibliography, please refer to the guidelines in your textbook and handbook. Your bibliography should include a minimum of five sources. For each source, you need to include full and accurate bibliographic information as well as a short paragraph evaluation as to why this information will be useful for your essay. At least two references in the bibliography must be from sources beyond an internet search. The sources you choose for your bibliography must be the same sources you use in your final essay.

Note: Your sources must be in alphabetical order.
-You do not need to use #’s or bullet points to separate the sources.
-The sources must be in full MLA format. (see below)
-Your evaluation must be written in complete sentences and say something specific about the source. Do not just say: “I will use this.” “This is good for my paper.”

Career Research Paper Requirements

• The essay must be four -five pages in length using MLA format.
• Your essay should have a formal topic outline like the model provided.
• You must incorporate at least five different sources. At least two sources must be something beyond an internet search. The sources you incorporate should be the same sources as those in your annotated bibliography.
• You must correctly incorporate each source inside the essay using parenthetical references (quotes and/or paraphrases).
• You must have a correctly formatted MLA works cited page to accompany your essay.
• The paper should be typed, double spaced, in 12 point Times New Roman font.
• The essay should use 3rd person point of view only.
• Final drafts are due on Monday, 3/11.

Choosing a Topic

The topic you choose for your researched paper should be about a problem(s) that exists in the field you plan to go into. For example, educators may want to research the problem of discipline, vet tech students may want to know more about dealing with difficult humans, and health care workers may need to review confidentiality issues, and so forth.

If you are not sure about what problems exist in your field, you should begin reading journals or industry publications or web sites, ask the library staff at Gaston College to assist you in finding relevant publications in your field, or approach professors or people you know who work in the field for their ideas about current problems/issues/debates.

In the essay, you should also address the following: education requirements, salary, job duties, job prospects, and both pros and cons of occupation. You may choose to address these issues in the introductory paragraphs of your essay before diving further into the problem(s) you would like to discuss, or you may choose to incorporate these elements into the body paragraphs if any of these coincide with the problem(s) you are discussing. In your final paragraphs and/or conclusion, you should also address possible solutions to the problem(s) you discussed. What do you and others in the field think can be done to improve upon the problem(s)?

Helpful Resources: Ferguson’s Career Guide, Occupational Outlook Handbook, and the Career and Technical Education Database. All of these resources can be found on the library’s home page.

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Trends in Psychology Annotated Bibliography

Trends in Psychology Annotated Bibliography
     Trends in Psychology Annotated                                          Bibliography

Trends in Psychology Annotated Bibliography

For this assignment, you will review 3 scholarly journal articles related to the unified psychology perspective. The scholarly journal articles will be within the last 5 years.

Search the South University Online Library databases. Other sources, such as textbooks, Wikipedia, and other online sources will not be accepted. Read and analyze each of the articles and create a synopsis.

In your synopsis, make sure to include:
A summary of each of the journal articles.
Your thoughts and perspectives regarding the concepts covered in each of the journal articles.

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Slavery and Slave Trade Annotated Bibliography

Slavery and Slave Trade Annotated Bibliography HIST T122 Final Paper Schedule and Grade Breakdown

Slavery and Slave Trade Annotated Bibliography
Slavery and Slave Trade Annotated Bibliography

In order to help you think about a paper topic and start working on your paper over the next few weeks, I have spaced out a number of smaller assignments that will build towards a final product. If you have any questions at any stage, please feel free to visit my office hours or to make an appointment with me. Think of a historiographical question and how you might approach it. This is not easy, and you have likely never written a paper of this nature before. You will do fine, this is part of the process of learning. A historiography paper is an essay that analyses the different ways in which various historians have approached a historical topic. Unlike a research paper, a historiography paper is not a study of a historical subject; instead, it is an examination of how scholars’ interpretations of history and historical events have changed over time. A historiography paper should give a detailed overview of the major works of scholarship on a topic, and it should summarize, evaluate, and critique the arguments of each of those works.

February 25th (Monday): Annotated bibliography due. Take at least ten secondary sources that you have found and show me that you have started to look at them. Think about inspectional questions like who is the author, what are some of the arguments in the sources, what are the types of primary sources the authors are using, what are some of the issues you have with the articles, and, most importantly, how do you think you can use the sources? This should be 3-5 sentences per source (a small paragraph).

March 29th (Friday): Second half (five pages) of the Rough Draft due. This should be at least five pages analyzing two to four articles that shows the beginnings of an argument, how your sources are going to be used, and a basic framework of where the paper is going to go. Don’t feel pressured to turn in a perfect product – just get pages done.

April 12th (Friday): Second half (five pages) Rough draft due. This should be at least five pages analyzing two to four articles that shows the beginnings of an argument, how your sources are going to be used, and a basic framework of where the paper is going to go. Don’t feel pressured to turn in a perfect product. Two of your classmates will read and give feedback on the entire ten-page draft. This feedback, if applicable, should be incorporated into your final draft. Make an argument about others’ arguments and methods. What is a common theme? What is missing from their analysis, methods, or sources?

April 24th (Wednesday): Feedback due. This will be one page each rating various parts of two fellow students’ rough drafts (clarity of writing, clearly stated argument, how can the author improve their organization, argument, etc.). Each of you will give feedback on two papers. Editing is not required, but if you wish to help out your classmate with some editing feel free.

May 1st (Wednesday): Final draft due. This will be a polished five pages – a finished product that incorporates secondary sources utilizes the feedback from others and builds on the earlier rough draft. Do not write a research paper. Research papers are boring and for this class pointless. You are creating new knowledge not simply regurgitating what has already been said or what “happened.” Keep the “this paper is about” or “history” part brief – a page maximum in your final five-page paper.

Transgender Annotated Bibliography Essay Paper

Transgender Annotated Bibliography Essay Paper Paper should be 10 pages typed double-spaced. Title page, table of contents, and bibliography are not to be counted towards the 10-page minimum.

Transgender Annotated Bibliography Essay Paper
Transgender Annotated Bibliography Essay Paper

The instructor will not accept triple-spaced papers. Only 10-12 size font and one-inch margins are allowed.

  1. d) Each paper should contain Title page, Table of Contents, Introduction, Body of Paper (divide the body of the paper according to the table of content), Conclusion, Bibliography / Footnotes. Your paper should have page numbers. Your paper should be divided with sub-headings when a new section is introduced. There is limited information about how transgender, gender diverse, and Two-Spirit (trans) people have been represented and studied by researchers.

Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography

Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography
For this Annotated Bibliography, and the upcoming assignment entitled ‘Structured Essay Outline’, you’ll be completing some the building blocks that go into crafting a great expository essay. Note that you will not actually be asked to submit a
complete essay in this course.

Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography
Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography

First, please choose one of the following essay questions to work on:
1) How does the sociology of childhood approach differ from a traditional developmental psychology perspective in
understanding children and childhood?
2) How do service users experience social work practice grounded in a social model of disability rather than a medical
model of disability?

Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography

Please complete the following tasks:
Familiarize yourself the academic literature on your topic. Identify and read a range of academic sources, as you would if
you were going to write a full essay in response to this research question.
Begin composing your response to the essay question – the central thesis of your (hypothetical essay). Come up with a draft
thesis statement and a series of draft arguments that support your thesis.
Consider what types of evidence you will use to support your argument (such as research findings, statistics or logical or
theoretical support for your argument)
Now develop your annotated bibliography with this broader process in mind, taking the following steps:
Provide a list of 6 academic sources: FOUR of these should be the sources provided below and TWO that you locate yourself
For each source, provide the full bibliographic information using APA 6th (i.e. provide the citation as it would appear in a
reference list).
Under each citation, provide an indented annotation that consists of the following 3 headings and information:

Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography

1) Summary: 2-3 sentences describing the main findings presented and arguments made in this sources;
2) Methodology: 1 sentence describing the methodology used;
3) Value: 2-3 sentences describing how this source will fit into your (hypothetical) essay. How will it support or challenge
your thesis or supporting arguments?
4)Submit your annotated bibliography on this Blackboard portal by midnight on Wednesday, February
5)To confirm: on Feb 18th, you are not to hand in an essay, essay outline, your draft thesis statement or arguments – only
the annotated bibliography.
Provided Sources
Four of the six required sources are provided, as follows:
How does a sociology of childhood approach differ from a traditional developmental psychology perspective in understanding
children and childhood and how might it impact social work practice?
Brady, Lowe and Lauritzen’s 2015 article on the sociology of childhood approach and its relevance to children’s health
Prout’s 2011 article on the development and critiques of the sociology of childhood
Liegghio, Nelson and Evan’s 2010 article on research with kids with mental health issues
Williams and Rogers’ 2014 article on the sociology of childhood and social work research (attached)
How do service users experience social work practice grounded in a social model of disability rather than a medical model of
disability?

Sociology of Childhood Approach Annotated Bibliography

Goering’s 2015 article on models of disability
Oliver’s 2013 reflection on 30 years of the social model
Owen’s 2014 exploration of the critiques of the social model
Werner and Holler’s 2019 article on social work students’ approach to the guardianship of people with disabilities (ATTACHED)
Types of sources:
Both of the additional two sources you locate yourself should be academic
sources from the last 10 years, preferably including some primary sources
(research findings). This generally means articles from academic
journals or scholarly books. The following types of sources are either
not appropriate for this assignment or are not academic sources: websites,
magazines or journals that are not academic, general or ‘survey’ textbooks
, etc.

Task is to Construct an Annotated Bibliography

Task is to Construct an Annotated Bibliography  This week, your third component of the project is due. Your task is to construct an annotated bibliography.

Task is to Construct an Annotated Bibliography
Task is to Construct an Annotated Bibliography

You should identify
five credible references that you can use in your project. Each reference should be formatted in APA style. For each reference,
write a brief summary of the resource and evaluate the quality of the source. Your evaluation should explain why
the source was selected, how you plan to use it, and how it’s the best source you can find.
For a resource on how to write an annotated bibliography, please review the following site:
https://sites.umuc.edu/library/libhow/bibliography_tutorial.cfm (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
This annotated bibliography will be evaluated by how well you followed
these assignment requirements and standard writing mechanics including
spelling and grammar.

The Essay Outline and Bibliography Assignment

The Essay Outline and Bibliography Assignment This assignment is based on the essay outline and bibliography assignment (s. there) and needs to incorporate the feedback and/or recommendations given by the course director on that earlier assignment.

The Essay Outline and Bibliography Assignment
The Essay Outline and Bibliography Assignment

This evidence-based essay should have an overall length of 2000 to 2500 words plus references and bibliography. It represents the longer, full version of the text your outline envisioned, although you will have the freedom to make greater changes to your topic if you so choose. The end-of-term essay should be organized in roughly this form: 1) title page (giving information on you as the author, on the course it is connected to, the name of the course director, and the title of your essay); 2) introduction (elaborating on the topic, its relevance within a larger scholarly context, and a brief outlook on how your essay goes about addressing this topic); 3) main part (the “body” of the essay presenting your data, condense them into an argument, and weigh its pros and cons); 4) conclusion (summarizing the overall results of your essay, putting them into a larger context, and providing your personal thoughts, your opinion, or possible open questions concerning the topic you investigated); and 5) bibliography (containing at least six (6) titles, a maximum two (2) of which can be taken from required reading course texts). References used can be published in journals or books; Wikipedia and similar collaborative web-based reference works are not acceptable as references. Citations should be APA style (you can download a style guide from this Moodle site). For additional support in preparing and completing your essay, you are encouraged to review the relevant information in the Student Papers & Academic Research Kit (SPARK) provided by York University (at http://www.yorku.ca/spark/index.html). The due date for handing in the end-of-term essay assignment through Moodle (or, in case of technical difficulties, by email) is April 2, 2019. THE PROPOSAL: Essay Outline & Bibliography “The Broken Men: African American Historical Trauma and Stigmatization” “It is easier to build strong children than to repair broken men.” – Fredrick Douglass The topic I have chosen to dissect is the concept of African American Mental Health and the effects that Slavery has had on these peoples. For generations in the African American community, there has been a long-standing stigma around mental health and seeking medical assistance in that regard. Many persons are told to “ suck it up”, or “go and pray”, or even disregard certain mental health issues due to the quality of life that many Black Americans are now able to receive after over four hundred years of slavery and Jim Crow. I will attempt to explore this topic by understanding the history of African American peoples and what could have attributed to these stigmas. Through the works of numerous writers namely Franz Fanon, I will use these theories to undercover how these stigmas began, what has made them continue these stigmas for generations, and what coping mechanisms have been used over time to alleviate these illnesses to some degree. Drawing upon the works of scholars helps to create my argument that due to the historical trauma that African Americans have faced it is the main contributor to the stigmas held against mental health and mental health treatment. This essay will pose questions that will add to the current debate in Black Mental Health Studies and also contribute to the discussion of Mental Health because it highlights the experiences of a racialized and exploited people and the historical traumas that their ancestors have felt are now being placed upon them and now with the issues of the 21st century it makes it harder to alleviate these stigmas against mental health when it has been generationally rooted into their minds. Bibliography Baldwin, J. A. (1984). African Self-Consciousness and the Mental Health of African-Americans. Journal of Black Studies, 15(2), 177-194. doi:10.1177/002193478401500203 Harris, K. M., Edlund, M. J., & Larson, S. (2005). Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Mental Health Problems and Use of Mental Health Care. Medical Care, 43(8), 775-784. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000170405.66264.23 Mandara, J., Gaylord-Harden, N. K., Richards, M. H., & Ragsdale, B. L. (2009). The Effects of Changes in Racial Identity and Self-Esteem on Changes in African American Adolescents’ Mental Health. Child Development, 80(6), 1660-1675. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01360.x Poussaint, A. F., & Alexander, A. (2000). Lay my burden down: Unraveling suicide and the mental health crisis among African-Americans. Boston: Beacon Press. Smith, A. (1981). Religion and mental health among blacks. Journal of Religion & Health, 20(4), 264-287. doi:10.1007/bf01572627 Fanon, Frantz. (1963) The wretched of the earth /New York : Grove Press,