Three x 300 word entries will be a critical and analytical reflection on radio listening: at least
one entry from one community, one commercial and one public radio station.
One of the entries must discuss a news, current affairs or talk journalism program. You may
choose to analyse international radio accessible online, but the content must be in English.
You must head each entry with which station you were listening to (use its call sign and
frequency eg. Fbi 94.5FM or 2GB 873AM), how you listened (radio, internet streaming,
podcast), what date you listened, at what time, for how long, and to what or whom you were
listening (this heading is NOT included in the word count for the commentary, but omitting the
header information will cost you marks). Your analysis might include discussion on the role of
the presenter and her/his performance, the format and use of the medium, or the connection
with you as listener. Think about how sound was used and with what purpose. What worked
to engage you? What didn’t? Why? Make sure to refer to relevant academic literature in order
to support your reflections.
This journal is not a scrapbook, a diary, or a school project. It is a scholarly, reflective
analysis and assessment of your own reading, learning and thought, week by week.
The entries should demonstrate progress in your knowledge, understanding and depth of
thinking about radio (for example, about it as a medium, its strengths and limitations, about its
historical and cultural roles and how these have changed, or what its future might be). The
best work will evidence a clear development in depth of knowledge and sophistication of
thinking about radio. It will be very obvious to the reader if you have written all or most entries
in the last two weeks of semester, and you will lose marks, so try to ensure you spread your
work for this assignment across the semester.
To say anything meaningful in 300 words will be an exercise in the concise and precise use of
language – which is exactly what broadcast writing also demands. The best work will offer
some original analysis and insight, based on critical listening and what you are learning in the
Unit, as well as your own reading.
SAMPLE ANSWER
Listening Reflections
Station: Triple J Radio 99.3 FM
How listened: Internet radio
Date: Monday, April 4, 2016
Time: 9:00 pm to 9:30 pm
How long: 30 minutes
What: Home and Hosed show by host Dom Alessio.
This is the national radio station that I listened to. For a period of 30 minutes in which I tuned in to Triple J national radio, I listened to Australian news from across all regions of this country and a little international news. Dom Alessio, who was the host of the show, did not just bring news from all over Australia, but he also played Australian music from across the nation. All in all, the presenter provided news about the youth of Australia, and there was an interview with various young people aged 16-24 years who talked about their concerns, and this is largely what engaged me to the show. Since its inception, Triple J national radio station has been airing news with a youth angle, which includes news bulletins programs. Another thing that really engaged me to the show is that the presenter used talkback in his show. In essence, talkback refers to a radio format wherein the main content is produced by the responses of the listeners to the invitation to call and talk live with the presenter or the show’s host and their audience (Ward, 2012; Turner, 2009). A number of listeners phoned in and talked to Dom Alessio live.
With a committed news team, the show that I listened on Triple J produced and presented news by young persons and for young persons. On the whole, Dom Alessio during the show covered the latest news from a youth-oriented viewpoint. Sound was used for the purpose of making the show entertaining and lively to the listeners, and to make listeners continue listening to the show as their favourite songs get played (Wilson, 2013). It was also utilized to connect to the listeners, entertain them, engage them and make the show more enjoyable so that listeners continue to tune in to the show (Kantor & Peleg, 2016).
References
Kantor, E., & Peleg, D. (2016). Efficient [formula omitted]-shot broadcasting in radio networks. Discrete Applied Mathematics, 20279-94. doi:10.1016/j.dam.2015.08.021
Turner, G. (2009). Politics, radio and journalism in Australia. Journalism, 10(4): 411-430
Ward, I. (2012). Talkback Radio, Political Communication, and Australian Politics, Australian Journal of Communication 29: 21–38.
Wilson, C. K. (2013). Youth, radio and Australian popular music policy. Perfect Beat (Equinox Publishing Group), 14(2), 100-119. doi:10.1558/prbt.v14i2.100
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Please follow all the attached instructions carefully
SAMPLE ANSWER
Deep vein thrombosis is a serious health condition often associated with fatal consequences. The patient presents with many risk factors that increase her chances of developing DVT. The patient has had a re-current DVT condition which could be an indicator that she has an inheriting blood clot disorder. This disorder makes the patient’s blood clot with ease. This inherited condition does not cause health complication, unless it is facilitated by other associated risk factors (Aubry, Etheridge, & Couturier, 2012).
Disease pathophysiology and treatment
DVT occurs when a thrombus (blood clot) forms in one of the patients deep veins in their body- normally in the legs. The disease pathophysiology indicates that the disease could be arising from a triad of possible alterations in the venous system. This includes the injury of the vessel wall, changes in blood flow patterns (venous status) and changes in blood constituency (hypercoagulability). These changes occur due to various factors such as pathologies, treatments and therapies. Blood vessel injury can occur due to trauma, invasive treatments of surgery (Aubry, Etheridge, & Couturier, 2012).
Venous stasis is mainly common in patients on prolonged bed rest which causes changes in blood circulation. Patient medication can alter the coagulation of the blood. The most causative agent for this patient is venous stasis and hypercoagulability. Venous stasis is suspected because the patient is old and presents with multiple comorbidities that make her remain at rest for a long time. Hypercoagulability is suspected because the patient is under many medications that could be interacting, affecting coaguability of blood. Additionally, the patient smokes and uses alcohol, additional factors associated with the alterations of her blood constituencies (Songwathana, Promlek & Naka, 2011).
Treatment of deep vein thrombosis aimed at preventing blood clotting from becoming bigger and also to ensure that the clot does not break loose causing further complications such as pulmonary embolism. After this, the next goal is to ensure that risk factors that could lead to re-current DVT are addressed. The main treatment includes blood thinners/ anticoagulant which help in decreasing the ability of the blood to clot (Dunphy et al., 2012).
The medication helps reduce risks of developing additional clots. In this case, the patient is given an infusion of heparin (appropriate doasage) for few days. Upon discharge, the patient is given warfarin. The patient is also given compression stockings which helps prevent edema associated with DVT. Other treatments such as use of filters and clot-busters will be considered if the aforementioned medication regimen fails to improve patient condition (Kibbe, Pearce, & Yao, 2010).
Patient’s rick factors
In this regard, the patient is at high risk of recurrent DVT because of the following risk factors. To start with, the patient has osteoporosis complication on her RT knee. This implies that her normal lifestyle comprises of prolonged rest. When patient legs remain still for a prolonged duration, the calf muscles fails to contract effectively to facilitate blood circulation, this increases the likely hood of re-current DVT (Songwathana, Promlek & Naka, 2010). The patient is smokes which increases her risk of DVT. Smoking by products affects the blood clotting and circulation, which further increases her risk for recurrent DVT. Cardiovascular disease complications increase the risk for DVT. This is attributable to the fact that she already has limited heart function, which exacerbates even with minor symptoms of DVT. The age also increases risk factors for DVT. The patient is 74 years (above 60 years) which increases risk for DVT (Kibbe, Pearce, & Yao, 2010).
The patient should be educated on common indicators of the onset of DVT. Generally, the patient experiences general body weakness. This symptom is nonspecific as many health conditions make the patient to be generally weak (Bagot & Tait, 2012). However, if the patient experiences oedema in the affected extremity and feels a bumpy knotty vein, she should seek medical attention immediately. The patient is likely to experience throbbing aching pain on the affected extremity especially during movement (Dunphy et al., 2012).
Nursing Care plans (Songwathana, Promlek & Naka, 2011);
a) Maintain tissue perfusion to manage the thrombus
b) Minimize patient paint to promote maximum patient comfort
c) Prevention of further complication
d) Providing patient education on the disease process and treatment regimen
DISCHARGE PLANS
Discharge the patient when:
a) Tissue perfusion improved in the limb affected
b) Pain and discomfort is resolved
c) Further complication is prevented
d) Disease prognosis and therapeutic needs is well understood
e) Care plan is put in place to meet further needs after discharge
Discharge item
Procedure steps suggested
RN Initials once completed
Reconciliation of medication
RN discusses with the patient/caregiver the post discharge medication including the interaction and side effects.
Patient understands the alternative medications and their consequences
Patient/caregiver given list of post-discharge medication-pharmacists involved if necessary. Patient should call in for any new prescriptions
Confirms medication are available in the pharmacy and covered by patients medical cover post discharge
RN describes the benefits for medication adherence
Transition record
RN completes written transition/discharge summary
Discharge plan reconciled with the transition record and care plan clinical guidelines
Patient instructions
Patient/caregiver provided with simple instructions for primary language of the patient and the care provider. The format is individualised in a manner that patient and caregiver understands, no use of clinical abbreviations
Patient advised not to stop or introduce new treatment without talking to the physician
Patient/care giver is educated on the vital signs and symptoms for recurrent DVT
Follow up
Patient appointment for follow-up care is done
Patient provided with name, address, phone number of healthcare provider, date and time is indicated. Reason for the visit is written in a way that the patient and caregiver understands
Patient/caregiver is encouraged to carry with them the medication list to healthcare provider involved in delivery of their care
Patient counselling for DVT and anti-coagulant therapy
The healthcare provider should review the disease pathophysiology describing possible complications and their clinical manifestation. The patient is taught about the symptoms that they should do if they experience pain, swelling tenderness, redness or other discolouration of the affected leg, rapid pulse, shortness of breath, chest pains, coughing up of blood and raid pulse (Schulman, 2014). These adverse reactions should be checked when taking anticoagulants. The patient should contact her healthcare provider immediately (Davies, Lumsden, & Vykoukal, 2011). This increases the patient/care giver knowledge base from which they can make informed choices.
The patient should be advised to balance between activity and rest. Rest is important as it reduces oxygen demands and nutrients demands of the compromised tissues. The risks for fragmentation of thrombus are reduced significantly. Attaining the balance is important as it prevents further exhaustion. However, prolonged rest is dangerous too. The patient is referred to a physiotherapist to identify the most appropriate individualized activity program (Nyamekye & Merker, 2012).
The RN role is not only treating the disease, but to ensure that the patient obtains holistic healing. This implies that the RN should explore the predisposing factors that could be promoting re-current for DVT. The patient should be given more information on prescription assistance programs if RN identifies concerns of medication cost (Moneta, 2011). Additionally, the patient should be encouraged to stop smoking and should be enrolled in smoking cessation programs. The patient health status requires her to sit for a prolonged time. Therefore, RN should discuss with the patient on measures that can be used to promote blood flow in the extremities. This includes stretching or short walking distances after every three to four hours. The initiation of this new lifestyle will help change behaviors and will prevent DVT re-current (Dunphy et al., 2012).
The patient/care giver should be educated on the importance of adhering to anticoagulant medication to full treatment regimen. This helps in reducing risk factors for re-current DVT. The patient discussion is tailored to the mode of administration. This includes ensuring that the patient is comfortable with the parenteral agent. For oral anticoagulant that requires monitoring of INR, the patient or care giver must be educated on monitoring schedule and requirements. If on the course of the treatment the dosage regimen will change, the schedule is reviewed with the patient to ensure that they understand it (Huether & McCance, 2012). Understanding of these processes is important as it promotes cooperation of the prescribed therapy and reduces the chances of ineffective or improper use of therapeutic measures. This helps in promoting her safety by minimizing risks of deleterious side effects due to inadequate therapeutic responses (Dunphy et al., 2012).
Once the patient is discharged, they need to take steps that will help improve their quality of life. This includes activities such as checking regular medication and treatments. For instance, the patient under warfarin medications needs to have regular blood test to check blood clotting (Ghanny & Crowther, 2011). Their diets should be monitored because foods rich in vitamin K (green leafy vegetables, multivitamins, and bananas) interact with warfarin medication by increasing prothrombin activity. The blood thinners should be taken as directed. The patient should look out for excessive bleeding, normally a side effect for blood thinners medications. Patient safety must be maintained to avoid activities that will cause blood injuries. Other measures such as use of compression stockings should be used to minimize blood clots (Carlson & Pfadt, 2012).
References
Aubry,, F., Etheridge, F., & Couturier, Y.,(2012). Facilitating Change Among Nursing Assistants in Long Term Care. The Online Journal Of Issues In Nursing, 18(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.3912/OJIN.Vol18No01PPT01
Bagot, C., & Tait, C. (2012). Deep vein thrombosis: diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Prescriber, 23(6), 43-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psb.885
Carlson, D., & Pfadt, E. (2012). Preventing deep vein thrombosis in perioperative patients. OR Nurse, 6(5), 14-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.orn.0000418810.59376.38
Davies, M., Lumsden, A., & Vykoukal, D. (2011). Chronic venous insufficiency. Minneapolis: Cardiotext Pub.
Dunphy L M Winland-Brown J E Porter B O Thomas D J 2011 Primary care: the art and science of advanced practice nursingDunphy, L. M., Winland-Brown, J. E., Porter, B. O., & Thomas, D. J. (2011). Primary care: the art and science of advanced practice nursing (3rd ed.). Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company.
Ghanny, S., & Crowther, M. (2011). Management of deep vein thrombosis diagnosed during active labour. Thrombosis Research, 127(2), 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2010.08.011
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012). Understanding pathophysiology (Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis
Kibbe, M., Pearce, W., & Yao, J. (2010). Venous disorders. Shelton, Conn.: People’s Medical Pub. House—USA.
Moneta, G. (2011). Symptomatic perioperative venous thromboembolism is a frequent complication in patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis. Yearbook Of Vascular Surgery, 2011, 83-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yvas.2011.03.009
Nyamekye, I., & Merker, L. (2012). Management of proximal deep vein thrombosis. Phlebology, 27(Supplement 2), 61-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2012.012s37
Schulman, S. (2014). Distal deep vein thrombosis – a benign disease?. Thrombosis Research, 134(1), 5-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.thromres.2014.04.001
Songwathana, P., Promlek, K., & Naka, K. (2010). Evaluation of clinical nursing practice guideline for preventing deep vein thrombosis in critically ill trauma patients. Australasian Emergency Nursing Journal, 13(4), 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aenj.2010.08.291
Trapeznikova, E., & Vorobyeva, N. (2013). P-016 Hereditary factors of the risk of deep venous [deep vein] thrombosis. Thrombosis Research, 131, S80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0049-3848(13)70062-8
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1. Describe the topic and case provided. Sets the scene clearly for essay.
2. Provide description aetiology of Post Natal Depression (PND) and factors associated with the development of PND. Clearly differentiates from ‘baby blues’ and identifies risk factors apparent for Sally.
3. Provide an overview and explanation of common signs and symptoms associated with PND. Relates clearly and succinctly to the case of Sally provided.
4. Describes the criteria for assessment and diagnosis of Post Natal Depression. Outlines screening tools used pre and postnatal for the identification of PND. Demonstrates a clear understanding of why Sally was diagnosed with PND.
5. Describes the psychological and physiological alterations that may accompany PND. Provides an e overview of Pathophysiology associated with PND to required depth. Relates clearly and succinctly to the case of Sally provided.
6. Explains the main goal of management for Sally and treatment available. (Pharmacological and non-pharmacological). Relates clearly and succinctly to the case of Sally provided.
7. Provide an overview and explanation of short and long term complications associated with PND. Relates clearly and succinctly to the case of Sally provided.
8. Provides an excellent overview and explanation of 3 lifestyle modifications relevant to Sally’s condition. Provides a correct overview of support services available for Sally. Relates clearly and succinctly to the case of Sally provided .
References
• Minimum 14 references (credible sources).
• Word count – 2000
SAMPLE ANSWER
Introduction
Why am I not happy after giving birth? What is wrong with me? These are some of the questions that some women ask themselves a few days after giving birth. Instead of life with a new baby being rewarding and thrilling, it becomes so hard and stressful. What such women do not understand is that several emotional as well as physical changes occur to them when they are pregnant and after they have given birth. These feelings can relapse quickly or they can persist for quite a long period and even get worse a condition referred by physicians as postnatal depression (PND). PND is a disorder characterized by a wide range of emotional and physical alterations that many women experience after birth (O’hara & McCabe, 2013). Normally, PND occurs a few days after a woman has given birth. It is not only experienced after the birth of the first borne only but also with other children. A mother can have abrupt mood swings, sleeping problems, sadness, restless, irritable, lonely, anxious, and a woman’s daily activities are also affected. These symptoms are brought out clearly in the case study provided. For instance, Sally says she feels tired and exhausted from looking after her children, she has lost her appetite, and sleeps for only 4-5 hours a clear indication that she is having sleeping problems. Moreover, Sally reports that she has difficulty concentrating in her accounting work and has recently become forgetful with her daily chores, feels lonely, and does not cope with her situation.
PND is caused by several factors. According to O’Hara (2013), women experience hormonal changes in their bodies that activate depression symptoms after pregnancy. During pregnancy, the levels of progesterone and estrogen hormones increase substantially in a woman’s body. However, the amounts of these hormones decrease drastically to their normal non-pregnant levels within 24 hours of giving birth. This rapid drop in hormone levels has been implicated to depression, the same way that hormonal changes in a woman before she gets her menstrual period affects her moods.
At times, the levels of thyroid hormones may also decrease just after a woman has given birth (DelRosario, Chang & Lee, 2013). The thyroid gland is an organ that is responsible for regulating the body’s metabolism. However, when one has low levels of thyroid hormones, he/she can experience symptoms of depression such as decreased interest in activities, fatigue, irritability, difficult concentrating, sleep disorders, depressed mood as well as weight gain. These symptoms are similar to those reported by Sally in her presentation. A simple blood test can be conducted to determine if hypothyroidism is responsible for Sally’s depression. If so, Sally can be put on some thyroid medicines such as thyroxine and levothryronine, which will aid in increasing her hormone levels.
It is vital to note that there are some other factors that can contribute to development of postnatal depression. These factors include;
Broken sleep patterns, feeling tired after childbirth, and lack of adequate rest can keep a mother from recovering her full strength for several weeks,
The stress from variations of routines both at home and work whereby some mothers feel they should be “super moms” to their kids which usually is not the case and results in stress build up.
The feeling of having less free time and less control over it. The mothers feel depressed because they realize they will start staying indoors most of the time and will spend less time with their loved ones and partners.
PND differs from baby blues in various ways. For instance, baby blues’ onset is within 1-2 days after childbirth. It resolves without any intervention within 10 days after birth. Some of the symptoms of baby blues include sadness, mood swings, crying spells, anxiety, and loneliness (Gilbert, 2014). These symptoms are not severe and do not require any medical attention to be taken. Some of the intervention that can be conducted include taking a nap when a baby does, joining support groups, or talking to other moms. This is in contrast with PND which affects the well-being of a woman. It also affects the functioning of a woman for a long time. PND does not relapse easily. For management, PND is treated by a qualified doctor. Support groups, counseling, and medicines can also help.
It is important for mothers to know the common signs and symptoms of PND so that they can seek medical attention at the right time (O’Hara et al., 2009). Some of the sign and symptoms include;
Irritability, where a mother sometimes feels angry for no valid reason,
Anxiety,
Panic attacks are also common with symptoms of nausea, sweating hands, and a thumping heart.
Sleeping problems; mothers find it a bit difficult to sleep even though the baby is sound asleep.
Tiredness; the women are lethargic, cannot cope house chores, taking care of the baby or other tasks.
The women have poor concentration, can be confused and distracted. They also have trouble remembering or making decisions.
Being worried excessively about the baby
Feeling guilty and worthless
No interest in certain activities such as sex
Lack of appetite result in weight loss.
Overeating and weight gain
Tearfulness where a mother can cry often for reasons she understands very well
Obsessive behavior
Having chest pains, headaches, heart palpitations, hyperventilation, and numbness
PND assessment and diagnosis can be missed because the less severe symptoms are usually common after childbirth. Majority of the mental illnesses especially depression have similar symptoms as those of PND. During evaluation, a physician will ask about the patient’s symptoms; what they are? How long they have lasted, and how bad they are. The patient will also be asked on whether she has ever had similar symptoms before. Family or marital problems will also be assessed as well as presence of any family member with mental illness or if the patient has indulged in drug and alcohol abuse (Pearson et al., 2013). The patient’s medical history will also be examined appropriately to determine whether the patient has any physical cause that could be responsible for the manifested symptoms. Moreover, the physician can use screening tools to conduct the diagnosis. Some of these screening tools include;
Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: This is a screening tool that consists of ten questions which a patient answers (Cox, Holden & Henshaw, 2014). Upon evaluation, the patient’s answers the probability of having PND. A score of 10 such as the one that Sally had during her pregnancy is an indication that she could be depressed. However, a score of above 10 indicates that the patient is at a high risk of developing PND and therefore should seek quick medical attention. For instance, Sally had a score of 22. This indicated that she had severe PND symptoms and she deserved urgent medical interventions to be taken.
Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) – This is a tool can be used pre or postnatal for screening, diagnosis, evaluation, and determining the severity of depression in an individual (O’Connor et al., 2016).
Postpartum Depression Screening Scale (PDSS) and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) are other tools that can be used for PND diagnosis and assessment.
PND has been linked with several psychological and physiological alterations. Some of the psychological changes include the feeling of one wanting to stay indoors and not meeting friends and other ones (Nanzer et al., 2012). A woman can become excessively obsessive whereby a woman tidies her home meticulously and tries to maintain high standards. A mother can also become distressed and may start avoiding scenarios where they experience them such as public areas, social activities, and shopping. Women with PND also develop little interest in their appearance, surroundings, and sex. In addition, one may develop overwhelming fears such as dying while others may develop extreme thoughts about harming their babies. On the other hand, the physiological changes include tearfulness, insomnia, and loss or gain of appetite which results in either weight loss or gain respectively.
The pathophysiology of PND involves a decrease in the brain monoaminergic neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine (DelRosario, Chang & Lee, 2013). These transmitters are responsible for behavioral changes such as mood swings, fatigue, agitation, vigilance, and motivation. These psychological changes arise due to abnormalities in the synthesis, storage as well as release of these hormones. Other implicated causes include abnormalities in neurotransmitter reuptake, and receptors which may result in low levels of the hormones reaching the target site hence result in PND development.
The main goal of treating PND symptoms such as Sally is to manage the symptoms associated with these disorders lest they progress and become severe. PND treatment can be both pharmacological and non-pharmacological (Rudy Bowen & Kazi Rahman, 2012). The pharmacological therapy for PND usually entails the use of antidepressant agents with the main types being;
selective serotonin inhibitors such as fluoxetine and fluvoxamine
serotonin/dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors such as bupropion and duloxetine
monoamine oxidase inhibitors,
Tricyclic antidepressants: These agents are normally prescribed to patients with severe PND such as Sally who recorded an EPDS score of 22 during her diagnosis. These agents include amitriptyline and imipramine.
Alternatively, non-pharmacological interventions can be also be used in PND treatment. This is crucial especially to women such as Sally who would like to continue breastfeeding their children at the same time manage their PND condition. Some drugs can traverse into breast milk and may cause dire consequences especially in babies who do not have well developed systems for breakdown of drugs. For instance, Sally can be advised by the physician to use essential oils such as almond oil and grape seed oil for PND management. Lavender, roman chamomile, or marjoram can also be used in a warm water bath before rest to aid in the creation of a sense of more energy for fatigue management. Massage therapy for stress reduction, acupuncture managing thyroid function imbalances, cranial sacral therapy for relaxation, proper diet, yoga, and reiki can also be used (Dennis & Dowswell, 2013).
If PND is left untreated, it interferes with mother-child bonding and can cause severe acute or chronic family complications (Milgrom et al., 2016). The acute complications include;
PND having ripple effect which may generate emotional strain for individuals close to the baby. For instance, Sally’s PND can increase the risk of depression in Tim whenever he is at home. Her children and the neighbor who takes care of Sally’s child at times can also be affected as well. The baby is also at risk of developing behavioral and emotional complications such as eating and sleeping difficulties, hyperactivity disorder/ attention-deficit, and excessive crying.
Chronic complications include delays in language development among babies (Schetter & Tanner, 2012). The mother also develops risks of developing major depression problems in future which may deteriorate her health condition.
Sally can engage in several lifestyle modifications which will help her manage her condition effectively. For instance, she can take part in daily exercises for about 90 minutes every week. Yonkers, Vigod & Ross (2012), report that a 5-15 minute bursts are as effective as longer stretches provided the overall exercise time is maintained. Therefore, Sally can pick her baby and take a walk in the nearby park. She can also resume her social activities such as going to the gym or attending church services. She can find supportive and understanding individuals in these forums who she may share her thoughts, feelings, and experiences with. Besides, Sally will also be to pray and meditate regularly in church; this is a healthy way for a mother to integrate her motherhood. Finally, Sally can start eating meals that will promote her appetite and work on it accordingly.
Conclusion
PND is a common disorder. There are several causes of PND the most common being hormonal imbalance. The signs and symptoms of this disorder are quite distinct and women should be educated properly on them so that they can seek medical intervention the immediately they have such symptoms before it progresses into drastic complications that can affect the family as a whole. PND can be treated easily through pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. Lifestyle modifications are also a crucial step toward leading a PND-free life.
References
Cox, J., Holden, J., & Henshaw, C. (2014). Perinatal Mental Health: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) Manual. RCPsych Publications.
DelRosario, G. A., Chang, A. C., & Lee, E. D. (2013). Postpartum depression: symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Journal of the American Academy of Physician Assistants, 26(2), 50-54.
Dennis, C. L., & Dowswell, T. (2013). Interventions (other than pharmacological, psychosocial or psychological) for treating antenatal depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 7.
Gilbert, P. (2014). Depression: The evolution of powerlessness. Psychology Press.
Milgrom, J., Danaher, B. G., Gemmill, A. W., Holt, C., Holt, C. J., Seeley, J. R., & Ericksen, J. (2016). Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Women with Postnatal Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial of MumMoodBooster. Journal of medical Internet research, 18(3), e54.
Nanzer, N., Rossignol, A. S., Righetti-Veltema, M., Knauer, D., Manzano, J., & Espasa, F. P. (2012). Effects of a brief psychoanalytic intervention for perinatal depression. Archives of women’s mental health, 15(4), 259-268.
O’Connor, E., Rossom, R. C., Henninger, M., Groom, H. C., & Burda, B. U. (2016). Primary care screening for and treatment of depression in pregnant and postpartum women: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force. JAMA, 315(4), 388-406.
O’Hara, M. W. (2013). Postpartum depression: Causes and consequences. Springer-Verlag.
O’hara, M. W., & McCabe, J. E. (2013). Postpartum depression: current status and future directions. Annual review of clinical psychology, 9, 379-407
O’Hara, M. W., Schlechte, J. A., Lewis, D. A., & Varner, M. W. (2009). Controlled prospective study of postpartum mood disorders: psychological, environmental, and hormonal variables. Journal of abnormal psychology, 100(1), 63.
Pearson, R. M., Evans, J., Kounali, D., Lewis, G., Heron, J., Ramchandani, P. G., & Stein, A. (2013). Maternal depression during pregnancy and the postnatal period: risks and possible mechanisms for offspring depression at age 18 years. JAMA psychiatry, 70(12), 1312-1319.
Rudy Bowen, M. D., & Kazi Rahman, M. B. B. S. (2012). Patterns of depression and treatment in pregnant and postpartum women. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3), 161.
Schetter, C. D., & Tanner, L. (2012). Anxiety, depression and stress in pregnancy: implications for mothers, children, research, and practice.Current opinion in psychiatry, 25(2), 141
Yonkers, K. A., Vigod, S., & Ross, L. E. (2012). Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of mood disorders in pregnant and postpartum women.FOCUS.
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Childhood and Youth Research on a Series of Values You have to use Suggested approach
The main sources of material for this assignment are:
1)Module Reader Chapter 1 by Kellett (cite as ‘Kellett (2014)’ in your assignment)
Childhood and Youth Research on a Series of Values
2)Module Reader Chapter 2 by Fraser et al. (cite as ‘Fraser, Flewitt and Hammersley (2014)’ in your assignment)
3)Module Reader Chapter 3 by Cooper (cite as ‘Cooper (2014)’ in your assignment)
4)Module Reader Chapter 4 by Bucknall (cite as ‘Bucknall (2014)’ in your assignment)
5(Pahl, K. and Pool, S. (2011) ?�”Living your life because it’s the only life you’ve got”: Participatory research as a site for discovery in a
creative project in a primary school in Thurnscoe, UK’, Qualitative Research Journal, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 17–37.
Childhood and Youth Research on a Series of Values Suggested a structure
In your introduction, you could outline the idea that the approaches that researchers employ draw on a series of beliefs, values, and images regarding children
and young people.
In the main part of your discussion, you could refer to distinct research examples which illustrate the diverse ways in which childhood and youth research is carried out, and how these approaches are underpinned by the beliefs, values, and images held by researchers about children and young people and the methods suitable for exploring their everyday lives.
In your conclusion, it is important to draw together any main points about how values, beliefs, and images of childhood and youth are influenced by disciplinary boundaries, and the impact that these differences may have on the methodology used in research.
Add a list of references (see guidance). The title and list of references are not counted in the 2000 words maximum allowed for this assignment.
Data Collection and Quantitative Research Proposal
Data presentation strategy
please read the other documents that I will upload it with the unfinished research proposal that I mentioned before, The continued proposal should be related and have the same idea and contents. The format for a quantitative research proposal I teach quantitative research proposal writing to public health students. By using lectures, a case study and discussion of presentations of the students own research proposals, I try to familiarize them with the contents of a research proposal for a quantitative study.
Here are the three web-based text readers from the Web 2.0 commentary. Visit at one of these websites and try the software. Then watch the videos on the
Kurzweil website. Report back on your experience: be sure to include:
1. Which Web 2.0 reader did you use?
2. How did you use it?
3. What kind of print materials did you try to read?
4. How was the ease of use?
5. What special features did you find?
6. compare and contrast with the Kurzweil, and
7. Anything else you think we should know.
8. Reflect on what you learned and how you might use this AT.
Text Aloud
http://www.nextup.com/TextAloud/index.html Would you like to take digital text and convert it to an MP3 or Windows Media file? Then take a look at Text
Aloud, “The World’s Most Popular Text to Speech Tool.” A free download is available to try it out before you buy.
Natural Reader
(free reader)
http://www.naturalreaders.com/
This reader with highlighted text reads MSWord files, text files, Adobe PDF files, web pages and emails where you can change the voice, volume and speed.
Natural Reader Professional and Enterprise versions can also be purchase that offer natural voices.
Kurzweil 3000
(for purchase)
Visit the video gallery: http://www.kurzweiledu.com/video-gallery.html
Kurzweil was the inventor of this, the first, text to speech reader. I saw the first on in the early 1970’s at the VA Hospital where I taught Braille and
daily living skills to veterans returning from the Viet Nam conflict. It was a machine that looked like a copy machine and was actually that big. Stevie
Wonder paid $15,000 for his personal Kurzweil. Now it is a software program that can be loaded to any electronic device. Take a look at the features it
offers teachers and students.
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Child or youth with a mental health issue research paper
Child or youth with a mental health issue
Child or youth with a mental health
PLEASE DO NOT INCLUDE COVER PAGE JUST CASE STUDY AND REFERENCE PAGE
This is a Case Study because you will be writing about a child or youth with a mental health issue. 

TO DO:
◦ Create and then describe a child/youth, with a specific mental health concern within the first page or two of your paper.
◦ Provide information about age, gender, family members, school/work, friends, hobbies and, of course, the mental health issue he/she has along
with the symptoms that are creating the need for services and support.
◦ ( PURPOSE: Your paper will serve as an exploration of the mental health issue in general and then turn to specifics as they relate to and affect
the person you have created. This means that you must write about the impact the illness is having on him/her and then his/her family, friends, teachers, and
etc.
Your paper will conclude with ideas (based in the research) for working/treatment with this child/youth. For a perspective to work from, you could take on
the role of a mental health worker who is putting a plan together for him/her and family.
Be sure to also include research based information related to the following:
1. symptoms, (see above)
2. assessment & diagnosis,
3. treatment interventions,
4. stigma, and
5. strategies for decreasing biases about this disorder.
Remember that this course is child and youth mental health, so be clear about the effects of the illness on children, youth, and their families.
◦ Your research paper, using APA style formatting and citations, should be 8-10 pages (not including your cover page or your references page), and
should include at least 6-8 peer reviewed resources including your text.
◦ Peer reviewed – what is that?
◦ Attach copies of your peer reviewed resources or accessible web address
◦ you will lose marks for incorrect APA
To find peer reviewed journal articles, use your access to the College Library Journals. I typically go into the Social Sciences bullet.
Use Google Scholar as a search, but you will find that many journal articles ask you to pay for them. Copy the title that looks good and past it into the
College Library website mentioned above. It’s free.
One excellent and free resource is CMHA’S Journal Visions
Another one is CAMH`S Crosscurrents Journal
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View Rubric
Due Date: Apr 24, 2016 23:59:59 Max Points: 200
Details:
Research a health care organization or a network that spans several states within the U.S. (Example: United Healthcare, Vanguard, Banner Healthcare, etc.).
Harvard Business Review Online and Hoover’s Company Records, found in the GCU Library, are useful sources. You may also find pertinent information on your organization’s webpage.
Review “Singapore Airlines Case Study.”
Prepare a 1,000-1,250-word paper that focuses on the organization or network you have selected.
Your essay should assess the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade, and include a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth, nurse staffing, resource management, and patient satisfaction.
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment; therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.
NRS 451v.v10R.SingaporeAirlinesCaseStudy_Student.docx
******* RUBRIC*******
Health Organization Case Study
1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%
2
Less than Satisfactory
75.00%
3
Satisfactory
79.00%
4
Good
89.00%
5
Excellent
100.00%
80.0 %Content
40.0 % Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade
Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade is not provided.
Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade is offered; however, relevant information is missing as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade meets the basic criteria for the assignment as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade meets all criteria for the assignment, as indicated in the assignment instructions, and is offered in detail.
Case study assesses the readiness of the health care organization or network in addressing the health care needs of citizens in the next decade is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
10.0 % Case study includes a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth is not provided.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth is provided; however, relevant information is missing as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth; meets the basic criteria for the assignment as indicated by the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth; meets all criteria for the assignment, as indicated in the assignment instructions, and is provided in detail.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to network growth; is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
10.0 % Case study includes a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing is not offered.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing is provided; however, relevant information is missing as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing meets the basic criteria for the assignment as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing meets all criteria for the assignment, as indicated in the assignment instructions, and is provided in detail.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to nurse staffing is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
10.0 % Case study includes a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management is not provided.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management is provided; however, relevant information is missing as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management meets the basic criteria for the assignment as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management meets all criteria for the assignment, as indicated by the assignment instructions, and is provided in detail.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to resource management is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
10.0 % Case study include a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction is not provided.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction is provided; however, relevant information is missing as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction meets the basic criteria for the assignment as indicated in the assignment instructions.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction meets all criteria for the assignment, as indicated in the assignment instructions, and is provided in detail.
Case study including a strategic plan that addresses issues pertaining to patient satisfaction is offered in detail, while demonstrating higher level thinking by incorporating prior learning or reflective thought.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 % Thesis Development and Purpose
Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.
Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear.
Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose.
Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.
Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 % Paragraph Development and Transitions
Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. .No apparent connections between paragraphs are established. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. Organization is disjointed.
Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident.
Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other.
A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are appropriate to purpose.
There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.
15.0 %Organization and Effectiveness
5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use)
Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.
Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register); sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.
Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.
Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.
Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.
5.0 %Format
2.0 % Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
Template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.
Template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.
Template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.
Template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.
All format elements are correct.
5.0 %Format
3.0 % Research Citations (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to assignment)
No reference page is included. No citations are used.
Reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used.
Reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present.
Reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and GCU style is usually correct.
In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.
100 % Total Weightage
SAMPLE ANSWER
Case Study: Banner Healthcare
Banner Health organization is among the biggest non-profit organization in the USA. Its headquarters is at Phoenix, Arizona. It oversees about twenty nine healthcare facilities including home care programs, family health clinics, and long-term healthcare facilities. Banner Health care delivers its services to nine States in the Western and Mid-Western States (Banner Health, 2015). This organization was established in 1999 through the merging of Samaritan Health Systems and Lutheran Health systems. Currently, the organization has employed about 47,000 people who deliver services to about 300,000 service users (Berlyl Institute, n.d.). This healthcare organization caters for patient’s basic medical costs and emergency healthcare costs. Additionally, the organization covers for specialized healthcare services such as heart transplants, bone marrow transplants, and psychosocial rehabilitative services. This non-profit organization also covers for life threatening healthcare complications such as spinal injuries and Alzheimer disease. It is approximated that the total worth of the organization as 3.1 billion dollars, with an annual return of 2.6 billion dollar (Kuhn and Chuck, 2015).
Banner healthcare has focused its resources into delivery of safety and quality of care. This entails establishing stringent measures that detect mistakes such as patient identification errors, which impede delivery of quality services. The coordinated service improves the organization performance and maintains organization’s integrity as well as improving patient satisfaction (Banner Health, 2015). This has enabled the organization to identify functional areas, which require improvement in order to sustain its performance. This has led to the creation of cross-facility employees, whose role is to deliberate on ideas that ensure new knowledge on organization is gathered and integrated within the organization standards (Armbrister, 2012).
For example, for a very long time Banner health institution overlooked the relationship between organization cultures and its leadership, and ways they influenced the organization performances. The Banner Health organizations works together with other multiple healthcare facilities across the Nation, which makes it challenging to identify a standard policy that would ensure effective delivery of services in each of the healthcare facilities across the miles (Armbrister, 2012). This is attributable to the fact that each of the healthcare facility are in different geographical location, thus, the sociocultural factors differs from one healthcare facility to another. Thus, applying a common method would lead into more challenges. For this reason, the organization has adopted the integration of culture driven policies that would help sustain the organizations success. The organization culture plays an integral role in shaping the organizations performances (Berlyl Institute, n.d.). This includes identification of management themes that put the interests of the service users as the priority. The themes are as shown in the diagram 1.1 below.
The above diagram illustrates the model used at this organization to run its day –to- day practices. The model comprises of four main themes; a) effective communication of the organization vision, b) measurable accountability, c) developing effective leadership and d) sustaining the success. The first theme addresses the role of effective communication, which is one of the main hindrances of success in most of the institution. This model ensures that there is effective communication between the employees and their leaders; thus, the employees work to achieve the organization vision, mission and goals (Kuhn and Chuck, 2015).
The second theme discusses the issue of employee’s responsibility and accountability. The leader’s roles are to ensure that the employee’s accountability is aligned within the organization’s framework. This implies that the leaders acts as role models, and are expected to exemplify the true measure of accountability within their organizations (Armbrister, 2012). Banner Health has established solid metrics (patient’s satisfaction and experiences) systems, which evaluates the accountability and success each healthcare facility. The applications of score cards ensure that each employee is held accountable of their services. The leaders are expected to guide and provide all the resources needed, and to motivate the employees. This is to ensure that Bander’s health mission and vision are articulated effectively (Berlyl Institute, n.d.).
The third theme involves recruitment process and staffing ratios. The banner health has adopted the habit of recruiting leaders who are proactive and are likely to steer success. This is because active leaders ensure that their employee’s skills are improved through refresher courses and internal programs. This ensures that employees’ specific skills and talents are improved, and new skills are developed through continuous learning. The organization promotes teamwork. It is through the teamwork that cultural competencies are developed which ensures that the employees respect each other’s values and beliefs which reduces the incidences of office bickering (Kuhn and Chuck, 2015).
The last strategies used by the organization are by establishing measures that ensures that there are sustainable developments. This is challenging as the healthcare industry is dynamic. Therefore, the organization has recruited research employees whose work is to identify the changes in market demands so that the organization can change its strategies to align with the market demands. This increases their competitive advantages as the organization manages to make changes according to the market demands. This ensures that the organization explores new areas and discovers other opportunities that have not been realized by their competitors. These processes sustain its development effectively (Berlyl Institute, n.d.).
From this discussion, it is evident that these strategic measures are only effective if articulated simultaneously. For example, integrating effective communication within the organization ensures that each employee understands the organization’s visions and missions. This also ensures that the employees understand their responsibilities within the organization (Armbrister, 2012). Working with competent leaders ensures that the team members are committed to achieving the organizations goals. The motivation is transmitted from the top management to employees. The clarity of the organizations directives establishes a foundation that ensures that the employees are held accountable of their actions (Banner Health, 2015).
In summation, Banner Health has sustained their successes by improving the delivery of services. The Banner Health performances have exceeded the internal targets and are reported in the past years to have achieved stretch targets. The organizations financial capacity has been improved such that it can survive any healthcare dynamic trend. Thus, Banner Health is an established and efficient network concerned with improving the community wellbeing (Armbrister, 2012).
References
Armbrister, M. (2012). Just what is Banner Health planning? Northern Colorado Business Report 18(4)p2B-8B
Banner Health (2015). Banner Health Medtrack company profile. Database Business complete. Retrieved from https://www.medtrack.com
In the traditional tale of Columbus’s journey to America he is presented as a modern scientific man who stood against the religious superstition of the past. He, so the story goes, was a great hero who expanded European influence throughout the world.
In this first essay, I want you to compare and contrast a traditional narrative of Columbus’s motivations to a more modern scholarly treatment of Columbus. In this essay I want you to summarize both arguments and examine the evidence used to make the arguments. Be sure to give detail on the argument and the evidence
SAMPLE ANSWER
Christopher Columbus
There are misconceptions and misplaced ideology, facts, and theory when considering the two accounts of the traditional tale of Columbus and the modern scholarly treatment of Columbus. Based on a historical perspective, it can be deduced that Columbus immensely contributed to the expansion of Europe through his discovery of the Western Hemisphere. This has spiked heated debate on the motive of Columbus’ discovery from the traditional and modern scholarly points of view. In this relation, this essay will explicitly compare and contrast the two accounts, giving a detailed account of events and how they unfolded.
Comparison and Contrast
Modern scholars claim that traditional narrative buries the truth in the engagement of Columbus political and religious power. According to the modern scholar, they claim the motive of Columbus in the exploration of the new world the search of power and conquest. This is unlike the traditional narrative which presents Columbus as a Christ-bearer. Moreover, it can be seen that the exploration of Columbus could be based on his quest for power, when he refers to the local as naïve and ignorant, not aware of a sword. This elaborates the act of power that the voyage of Columbus was initiated for in their exploration. The traditional narrative pictured the motive of Columbus as brining a new era in Christianity, opening a new dimension in religion and bringing the connection between the Khan and the Islamic.
Subsequently, considering the language that Columbus uses in his account to interact with the local indigenous community, it is a clear indication that the motive, according to the modern scholar, was basically the urge to gain power. Columbus refers to them as ignorant, subjugate and servants. Such an attribute cannot be termed as Christian or heroic but rather as that of a conqueror.
Modern scholars provide a contrasting view of the motive of Columbus voyage to America. His discovery of the new world cannot be viewed on the ground of liberation or Christianity as the traditional narrative explains. But rather the primary motive according to the modern scholars was to immerse wealth for himself (Hamdani, 1979). America had a reputation was for the rich and those who sought wealth and valuable goods. This was claimed to be Columbus’ chief motive in his voyage of the new world. This opposes the traditional narrative which claimed that his sail to the ocean blue was based on intrinsic good.
The traditional narrative failed to give an account of slavery and violence that Columbus practices during his exploration. This is contrary to the modern scholar who accounts for the violence and slavery the Columbus bestowed on the local natives. According to Hamdani (1979), Columbus’ motive is depicted as that of encircling the Islamic land. Through the Christendom that revolves around the recovery of Jerusalem, he hopes to offer a new era through which new sign and hope are reviewed. Although Columbus’ era can be viewed as traditional, his medieval faith impelled him to bring a new solution to the Christian faith. In the view of the traditional narrative accounts, Christopher is the Christ-bearer of the regenerated Europe (Hamdani, 1979). However, the modern scholar holds a diverging view on the motive and attribute that the traditional narrative envisages on Columbus.
Columbus is centered as the first to create interest in the new discovery and the tremendous profit from reaching new region and marking new discovery in human history. The controversy surrounding Columbus can be attributed to his motive and delegation in exploring the West. Some scholars have argued differently, bringing different ideologies into play to indicate the cause and motivation of Columbus in influencing history. Moreover, comparing the discovery of Columbus to the modern historical view of the world can be seen to envisage different ideas and motives. The traditional narrative gives a heroic account of Columbus through his discovery and brings to light new discovery and information that was unknown to many. His discovery is viewed to be significant in influencing different historical events in the early period, influencing how history is taught and celebrated in a traditional setting. However, the modern treatment of Columbus is quite different from that of the traditional narrative. Modernizations have taken place bridging facts and fiction, while giving deeper meaning to events and history. Modern scholars do not see the significance of the Columbus’ motive in his discovery. Most base their argument on the scale that historical discovery was never new as other people already habited the land. Columbus’ exploration was basically to other places that people had already settled, and this could be accounted through the slavery that his crew was adopting in the places that they discovered.
Both the modern scholars and traditional narratives identify their similarity on the journey of Christopher Columbus by putting forth that it brought change to the local indigenous natives. Christopher was determined to re-identify with the outside world and learn beyond the walls of Europe. Through his voyage, he managed to bring more insight into the outside world. Both the traditional narrative and modern scholars claim that it was due to the exploration of Columbus that a new dawn in religion was experienced. The both concur with the idea that the account of Columbus brought changes to Christianity and impacted the local in different ways.
Reference
Hamdani, A. (1979). Columbus and the Recovery of Jerusalem, Journal of the America Oriental Society, 99(1). 39-48
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