How Leaders Create and Use Networks by Herminia Ibarra and Mark Hunter
“How Leaders Create and Use Networks by Herminia Ibarra and Mark Hunter”
Use a font 12, single space
You should have an introduction, address the key points of each article, how you may apply the information presented and a conclusion.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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The reference list should be placed at the end of your document and it should start on a new page separated from the rest of the text. This page’s name should be Bibliography (aligned to the left, bold, at the top of the page). Do NOT underline or use quotation marks for this.
In the bibliography, no full stops or pinpoints are included for any source.
Depending on the sources included, the bibliography list could be separated into sub-sections for each category: e.g. Books/Journal Articles, etc.
Please note that you should not leave an additional line between references.
The punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title should remain the same.
Alignment for the bibliography page/s is Align left.
You should remove the hyperlink from the reference entries. (Right click – Remove hyperlink)
There should be continuous flow and consistency in the format of your writing (Times New Roman, 12 size fonts and 1,5 line spacing).
The reference entries in the bibliography should not be numbered or bulleted.
Police investigation and interrogation
Police investigation and interrogation is open out process of reasons behind crime. Many stages come in the process of interrogation. To properly manage the process of interrogation gathers all the aspects of specific criminal activity. There are three main steps of interrogation first is interviewing, then questioning and to end with interrogating a suspect.
A police interrogation that induces a fake affirmation not only may outcome in a illegal imprisonment or conviction. It might let the right performer to go free of charge and give extra brutal crimes. This discusses experiential, legal, and policy questions regarding the process of modern police interrogation and the confessions it produce. The chapter summarizes the most vital findings from the wide experiential social-science research text, and then reviews open law and policy about police questioning. It then offers empirically based policy and legal recommendations casing together the analytical and critical phases of not in favor of the law (Leo, R.A., 2018).
Interviewing is the least step of communication. This is a best step to calculate suspicious person by the posturing while answering the questions. The changeover point for an investigator to come from interviewing a witness or victim to detain and questioning the person as a likely suspect should occur when genuine proof is exposed giving the investigator sensible basis to suspect that the person is mixed up in the happening. In interviewing damaging Stereotyping Scale was developed and used to charge the clear level of interviewers’ damaging stereotyping towards suspect from certain stigmatized groups (Minhas.R. 2018).
Factual analysis is an inductive move where each being suspect is evaluated with revere to exact remarks related to the crime. Applying factual analysis results in creating an estimate of a picky suspect’s likely fault or purity based on such things as the suspect’s social grade (gender, race, occupation, marital status, etc.), occasion and contact to assign the crime, their behavior before and after the offense, their motivation and proclivity to entrust the crime, and estimation of bodily and restricted facts.
In Behavior Analysis Interview the investigator first ask backdrop questions, to set up individual in turn about the reason and allow the investigator to appraise the suspect’s normal verbal and nonverbal behavior. The investigator then wants to do behavior-provoking questions intended to illustrate out dissimilar verbal and nonverbal responses from honest and deceptive suspects. The investigator will also ask some diagnostic questions during this stage.
Suspect interviewing and interrogation practices have been applied in many different countries. These practices have produced helpful and interesting answer, while also send-off an opening for outlook inquiry (Penny cook, A., 2017)
An important part in the investigation is the interrogation of suspects. The aim of the questioning is usually to obtain an access of guilt by the suspect, which would get rid of the need for a contested test. Realistic grounds for idea to make such an arrest have need of some form of direct evidence or strong indirect evidence that relates the suspect to the crime. Development of interrogation has following main steps which are: The positive argument, subject progress, treatment denial, Overcoming objection, Procurement and custody of suspect’s awareness, handling the suspect’s inactive frame of mind, present one more question and having the believe in words relate diverse details of the crime. The essential components within the culture of investigative interviewing will boost detectives’ ability to gather and test correct and reliable information and increase the likelihood of solving the case at hand (Brown and Darryl ,k 2005). A large proportion of these criminals may have vulnerabilities, such as psychological health difficulties. Given the complication linked with weak suspects, such interviews may be compromised, which could direct to a miscarriage of justice (Kassin, S.M and Gudjonsson. G.H, 2016). The mainstream of officers indicated that they have use drawings to review inconsistency with suspects’ vocal statement ( Hartwig,M and Kronkvist., 2015)
Police interrogations of suspects can be reported as in wording, or recorded on audio or video. Scientific developments of the ancient times decades have lead to an enlarged use of audio and video recording of interrogations (Malsch, M., et all, 2018). The meaning of confessions within the search and trial process is in the past recognized through the apparent union linking confession and rescue within spiritual trial, which unspecified all confessions genuine and dependable (Griffiths, A. and Rachlew, A., 2018).
The interactions involving police and community members have the inclination to be expressively emotional and technical to come on realities behind the crime. Over all process of investigating and interrogation is quite harsh.
POINTS TO CONSIDER FOR CORRECTION/ REVIEW:
Follow the OSCOLA referencing style for proper in-text and referencing format.
The reference list should be placed at the end of your document and it should start on a new page separated from the rest of the text. This page’s name should be Bibliography (aligned to the left, bold, at the top of the page). Do NOT underline or use quotation marks for this.
In the bibliography, no full stops or pinpoints are included for any source.
Depending on the sources included, the bibliography list could be separated into sub-sections for each category: e.g. Books/Journal Articles, etc.
Please note that you should not leave an additional line between references.
The punctuation and capitalization that is used by the journal in its title should remain the same.
Alignment for the bibliography page/s is Align left.
You should remove the hyperlink from the reference entries. (Right click ñ Remove hyperlink)
There should be continuous flow and consistency in the format of your writing (Times New Roman, 12 size fonts and 1,5 line spacing).
The reference entries in the bibliography should not be numbered or bulleted.
References
Brown, Darryl K. “The decline of defense counsel and the rise of accuracy in criminal adjudication.” Calif. L. Rev. 93 (2005): 1585.
Griffiths, A. and Rachlew, A., 2018. From interrogation to investigative interviewing: The application of psychology. In The Psychology of Criminal Investigation (pp. 154-178). Routledge.
Hartwig, M.,. and Kronkvist, O., 2015. Strategic use of evidence during police interviews: When training to detect deception works. Law and human behavior, 30(5), pp.603-619.
Kassin, S.M. and Gudjonsson, G.H., 2016. The psychology of confessions: A review of the literature and issues. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(2), pp.33-67.
Leo, R.A., 2018. Police Interrogation and Suspect Confessions.
Malsch, M., Kranendonk, P.R., De Keijser, J.W., Komter, M.L., Boer, M.D. and Elffers, H., 2018. Reporting on Police Interrogations: Selection effects and bias related to the use of text, video and audiotape. Investigative Interviewing: Research and Practice, 9, p.16.
Minhas, R., 2018. ëSuspectíCommunity Stereotyping and Criminal Investigations:ìIn pursuit of higher transparencyî: A study of how police officers in England and Wales are believed to investigate people from the Muslim community.
Pennycook, A., 2017. The cultural politics of English as an international language. Routledge.
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Read the article at this link. If the link does not work please email me to either reset it or find another link for support the reading.
http://families.naeyc.org/learning-and-development/child-development/what-big-body-play-and-why-it- important
What are your thoughts about violence in the media? What is the difference if any, between violence that is in a book or story, versus violence on a screen? How might the visual images impact a child differently?
What are your thoughts regarding “pretend guns” and pretend shooting?
What is big body play and how does it fit in an early childhood setting, if at all? How would you help children understand when and where more physical play is acceptable? What other activities could you implement that might meet the need for boisterous play?
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After reading the article, you will write an article review that includes a short summary of the article and your general thoughts about the article. You should address how the physical concepts that we have learned in this unit are used or applied. In your discussion of how this article applies to the unit concepts, you should:
describe various fluid dynamics terminologies within the article,
distinguish between atmospheric pressure and liquid pressure, and
describe ideal gas law for various practical applications.
Your article review should be at least three pages long, and it should be formatted in APA style. You are not required to use any references other than
the article, but any information from outside sources, including the article, should be cited in APA style.
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Find an article published (on-line or hard copy) in a business periodical (e.g. Fortune, Business Week, Harvard Business Review, Business Insider, etc.), the business section of a prominent newspaper (Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Washington Post, Financial Times), a periodical (e.g. Time, Newsweek, U.S. News and World Report, the Economist, etc.). The articles should relate to a current business action that relates directly to one of the topics in our text. The assignment will be evaluated based on the relevance of the articles and your brief description of how the article relates to the topic. The articles should be current 2014-2019.
Submit:1. Copy of the article (pdf) or link to article.
2. A brief synopsis of article & discussion of how it relates to a topic in our text.
3. APA or MLA citation for the article.
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Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Comprehensive Article Summary Assignment
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
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Formal academic paper with introduction, thesis and conclusion at least 1 outside source, more is better
Textbook – Lewicki, Roy J., Saunders, David M., and Barry, Bruce. 2010. Essentials of Negotiation. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Provide a summary and critique of the above article.
Approximately 1/3 of the paper should be a summary
2/3 of the paper should offer a scholarly critique
For a scholarly critique, you can illustrate both the strengths and weaknesses of the article. You should also connect the work to course materials and other ideas that you have encountered in conflict resolution. You can use your insights as a scholar, but you should also use other scholarly sources(at least 1) to offer insights regarding the article’s strengths and weaknesses. (For instance, other theories that contradict or add to what they are saying, other related aspects of negotiation that the author did not consider, strengths or weaknesses in their research methods or sources, insightful or problematic analyses that they made, and so on.)
The aim of the critique is to critically analyze the article, however, that does not mean to criticize based solely on your own personal and unsubstantiated opinion. Rather you must aim to be objective in your analysis by looking at both the strengths and weaknesses of an article compared against a number of criteria.
The best critique would look at the article from several different perspectives
You should question the premise and underlying assumptions of the article and the authors reasons for writing it, who published it and its overall scholarly merit.
Negotiation Article Critique
Article – Peacebuilding in the Era of Trump: Deal or No Deal?
APA format
4 pages
Formal academic paper with introduction, thesis and conclusion at least 1 outside source, more is better
Textbook – Lewicki, Roy J., Saunders, David M., and Barry, Bruce. 2010. Essentials of Negotiation. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Provide a summary and critique of the above article.
Approximately 1/3 of the paper should be a summary
2/3 of the paper should offer a scholarly critique
For a scholarly critique, you can illustrate both the strengths and weaknesses of the article. You should also connect the work to course materials and other ideas that you have encountered in conflict resolution. You can use your insights as a scholar, but you should also use other scholarly sources(at least 1) to offer insights regarding the articles strengths and weaknesses. (For instance, other theories that contradict or add to what they are saying, other related aspects of negotiation that the author did not consider, strengths or weaknesses in their research methods or sources, insightful or problematic analyses that they made, and so on.)
The aim of the critique is to critically-analyze the article, however that does not mean to criticize based solely on your own personal and unsubstantiated opinion. Rather you must aim to be objective in your analysis by looking at both the strengths and weaknesses of an article compared against a number of criteria.
The best critique would look at the article from several different perspectives
You should question the premise and underlying assumptions of the article and the authors reasons for writing it, who published it and its overall scholarly merit.
Use these questions as your guide in the critique
– What was the major purpose or theme or premise the author was trying to convey in this writing
– On what evidence did the author base their points? [citing facts from several cases to support a major point is one method]
– What logical argument did they use to go from evidence to conclusion? [conclusions must logically follow form the analysis]
– What might the authors motivation be for writing the article?What is their unique or different perspective when compared with others writing on this topic?
– Are the authors arguments backed-up by facts, figures, and quotes from reputable sources? [Wikipedia is not. how do we know a journal is reputable? Double-blind peer reviewed]
– What is the authors professional background and what is their institutional affiliation? [are they legitimate authority on the topic they are writing about?]
No easy, single definition captures the range of activities encompassed within the discipline of peacebuilding (Cunliffe 2017). But from what we know about President Donald Trump’s past, it seems fair to assume that the job title “peacebuilder” – whichever definition one chooses – has never before featured on his résumé. But today, the world finds itself confronting the reality that the most powerful position in the world is occupied by a person whose career is replete with litigation and conflict, and who has displayed limited knowledge of historical peace efforts and an outright disdain toward those institutions established to preserve peace.
Such deficiencies could, in theory, be overcome. Indeed, simply drawing from a plethora of general business literature would suggest the following: surround yourself with experts, get to know your customers, understand their pain, and be prepared to fail quickly and learn. In his first eighteen months in office, however, Trump has displayed a resistance to listening to anyone except himself to guide him in sensitive diplomatic situations. Indeed, this dogmatic style of negotiation is exactly what his supporters had hoped Trump would bring to the presidency.
But how will Trump’s negotiation style influence peacebuilders of the future? Could his antagonistic and bombastic approach to negotiation actually bring peace to intractable conflicts around the world where others have failed? And how might the era of Trump influence our approach to peacebuilding going forward?
Although Trump seems for the most part unconstrained by any particular political or humanitarian ideology, preferring instead to rely on his visceral and chameleon-like instincts to construct a positive image of himself, he does follow a loose set of rules that he has described as his key to success, as laid out in his book Trump: The Art of the Deal (1987). In this self-congratulatory business manual, Trump applied thick layers of his favored “truthful hyperbole” to recommend ten business practices that, he claimed, built his financial fortune and fame. Once the reader wades through the commentary that seems only to prove Trump talks incessantly on the telephone, chapter two reveals Trump’s golden rules of negotiation, summarized as: think big, protect the downside and the upside will take care of itself, maximize your options, use your leverage, enhance your location, get the word out, fight back, deliver the goods, contain the costs, and finally, in all of this effort, have fun (Trump 1987: 45-64). Eerily, we now read these rules with new eyes, as we see how they have been applied to running the administration and have thus affected the world, where Trump’s success and subsequent sense of self-worth appear inextricably linked to the protectionist economy of the United States and its new status as a nationalistic and isolated actor in a seemingly hostile and unfair world.
If Trump lives by a set of rules of negotiation for his personal success, then perhaps, by comparison, so do peacebuilders. Both sets of rules arise from unique lived experiences that have deeply shaped their form and purpose. In “The Emerging Tool Chest for Peacebuilders,” Chadwick Alger (1996: 21) laid out his “inventory of the available instruments for pursuing peace.” He described each tool for peace, twenty-two in total, chronologically and explained how each builds upon the other. Whereas Trump’s list arose from a relatively narrow range of individual experiences gleaned largely from within one industry, Alger’s peace tools reflect his consideration of some of humanity’s worst conflicts and atrocities.
As Alger’s article illustrates, great peacebuilders, motivated to prevent these events from ever happening again, have created charters, enacted international laws, and built such institutions as the United Nations to maintain a unified collaborative approach for maintaining and promoting peace around the world through such mechanisms as the U.N.’s Economic and Social Council and Security Council, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and, more recently, the Sustainable Development Goals. These entities reflect the universal collective goals – peace, fairness, equality, justice – of their founders.
Trump’s attempts at playing the peacebuilder range from the pragmatic (at best) to the divisive and incendiary. From his recently espoused “one state/two states; whatever works for you” approach to the Israel/Palestine conflict, which he has also characterized as simply “a real estate deal” (Liebermann 2018), to his inability to explicitly condemn the right-wing extremists who marched in Charlottesville, Virginia in 2017, Trump is, perhaps unwittingly, flouting the established conventions of peacebuilding. Thankfully, he is apparently personally untouched by first-hand experience of violent conflict – and with his lack of experience, and overt admiration for despots and dictators, it appears that his approach to peacebuilding echoes his simplistic business mantra: think big, fight hard, keep pushing until you get what you want, have fun, and look good while doing it. Indeed, never before has the United States commander in chief been referred to so openly as “disruptor in chief” (Sieb 2017; Wade 2018). In stark contrast, effective peacebuilding work, as Rachel Cunliffe wrote (2016: 93), “depends on effective practitioners who know their own biases and assumptions and who are critical of the structures within which they work and that they seek to deconstruct and confront, and which too frequently hold them in place.”
Perhaps Trump and his principles and practice represent the latest cycle in the history of humanity’s low points. We can only hope that Trump’s greatest deal will be to catalyze peacebuilders to rise, strengthen, and create new tools for promoting peace, spurring us all to work toward a greater good in the world.
The following is a Summary of the Chapters in the text needed to complete the assignment
CHAPTER 1: Nature of Negotiation
Definition and Overview (should not be in the map): Negotiation is an activity, usually in form of a dialogue with the aim of resolving differences in interests between or among existing parties.
Negotiation is what we do in works of life ranging from domestic, business, social and political relationships. Strong negotiations skills will enhance your chances of succeeding in your relationships
Its purpose is to enable individual parties reach an agreement that is acceptable to them.
N1 – Characteristics of negotiation
1) Involves two or more parties: a) individuals, b) Groups, c) Organizations, etc
2) Conflict of needs and desires – parties have disagreed on a common interest
3) Parties choose to negotiate or not – subject to the likelihood of getting a better deal
4) A “give and/or take scenario exists – either party is ready to make a sacrifice for a reward
5) Parties prefer to resolve differences
6) Existence of negotiating factors
a. Tangible factors – crucial and would be managed (price, terms of agreement)
b. Intangible factors – underlying psychological motivations that could influence outcome negotiations
i. Need to win the other party
ii. Need to look good, competent and tough
iii. Need to defend an important principle – eg moral, social beliefs
iv. Need to appear fair and honourable
N2 – When not to negotiate… Do not negotiate when,
1) You could lose everything
2) You are sold out – running out of capacity in business
3) Demands are unethical (avoid the wrath of the law)
4) You don’t have time (time constraints exist)
5) Your counterparty acts in bad faith (you can’t trust the other party)
6) Waiting would improve your position (delays might make you benefit from technological or policy changes)
7) You are not prepared (adequate preparation pays in negotiations)
N3 – Interdependence of goals (needing each other to achieve the desired outcome. Interdependence occurs in three conditions
1) Distributive (mutually exclusive with only one winner) now loosing prominence
2) Integrative situation (mutually inclusive as in a “Win-Win” negotiation) focus is now centered on this as a plausible goal of negotiations: eg a singer and an instrumentalist can make a great music band
3) Existence of BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement) – refers to the state, manner and extent of interdependence between parties
N4 – Common Differences in Negotiators (they impact the negotiators attitude)
1) Interests – objectives or goals may be in disagreement
2) Judgment about the future (general understanding of opportunities around)
3) Risk tolerance – while one party may love risks, the other may not
4) Time preferences – desired time to seal the deal or receive consideration may differ
N5 – Conflict in Negotiations (conflict is a perceived divergence of interest) we look at conflict under the following heads
1) Levels of conflict
a. Intrapersonal or intrapsychic – lies within an individual in form of ideas, thoughts, emotions, values etc
b. Interpersonal – between individuals (workers, spouses, siblings)
c. Intragroup – within a group. Eg; team – like Group one, family, organizations, political parties
d. Intergroup – between groups, organizations etc
2) Demerits of Conflicts
a. Breeds unhealthy competition
b. Distorts perception
c. Breeds emotionality – could arouse anger of pity
d. Reduces quality of communication
e. Likelihood of rigid commitments
f. Increases level of differences
3) Conflict Management Strategies– these are coordinated measures and efforts directed at minimizing or resolving differences in a negotiation
a. Contending – having little concern for the other party
b. Yielding – caring less about own objectives or outcomes
c. Inaction – indifference about whose goals are paramount
d. Problem solving – aimed at maximizing overall outcomes in a negotiation
e. Compromising – Moderate efforts towards ensuring neither party loses
Chapter 2_Strategy and Tactics of Distributive Bargaining
Distributive bargaining is used to describe a competitive situation. It is also known as a “win-lose” bargaining.
Here, the goals of one party is often fundamental and directly conflicts with the goals of the other party
Reasons why a negotiator should be familiar with distributive bargaining
a. They face interdependent situations
b. Distributive bargaining strategies are often used by people
c. Crucial for the “claiming value” stage of a negotiation
Fundamental choices in negotiations
a. Reach a deal with the other party
b. Reach no agreement at all
Important considerations in negotiations
• Determine a settlement point
• Have a bargaining mix
• Discover the other party’s resistance point
• Influence the other party’s resistance point
Tactical tasks in negotiation
1. Assess the other party’s target, resistance point, cost of terminating negotiations through;
a. Indirect assessments
b. Direct assessments
2. Manage the other party’s impressions through;
a. Screening activities
b. Direct action to alter impressions
3. Modify the other party’s perceptions
4. Manipulate the actual costs of delay or termination through;
a. Disruptive action
b. Alliance with outsiders
c. Schedule manipulation
Positions taken during negotiations
a. Opening offers
b. Opening stance
c. Initial concessions
d. Role of concessions
e. Pattern of concession making
f. Final offers
Closing the deal
a. Provide alternatives
b. Assume the close
c. Split the difference
d. Exploding offers
e. Sweeteners
Hardball tactics: designed to force the other party to do what he/she would not have done under normal conditions
Dealing with hardball tactics
a. Ignore them
b. Discuss them
c. Respond in kind
d. Co-Opt the other party
Typical hardball tactics
a. Good cop/bad cop
b. Lowball/highball
c. Bogey
d. The Nibble
e. Chicken
f. Intimidation
g. Aggressive behavior
h. Snow job
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Week 3, Chapter 3
Article Review and Reflection
DUE DATE: Wednesday, March 13
20 Points
Please read the Harvard Business Review article “Better Brainstorming” which is found in this assignment folder.
After reading this article, write a one to two page article review and reflection that addresses the following points:
1. Summarize the main highlights (topics) of the article. (Two to three paragraphs in length)
2. Explain the significance of this article and how the concepts within this article relate to entrepreneurship (One to two paragraphs in length)
3. Reflect on what you read and identify at least two concepts from the article that you either agree or disagree. Explain why you either agree or disagree with the author. (One to two paragraphs in length)
Articles need to be written using either Calibri or Times New Roman font, 11-point size, with 1.5 spacing. Your header should be the following:
Name
ENT 311
Spring 2019
Article review CH 3
Please submit your assignment via Blackboard by Wednesday, March 13. Please let me know if you have any questions about this assignment.
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Research Article on the Process Is the Punishment Carefully examine “How to Read a Research Article” from Section II of your text (Spohn & Hemmens, 2012, pp. 42-45).
Research Article on the Process Is the Punishment
Using the 10 criteria for review found in the text, prepare a critical analysis of one of the four articles which immediately follow the analyses techniques:
“The Process Is the Punishment: Handling Cases in a Lower Criminal Court” (Feeley, 1971, as cited in Spohn & Hemmens, 2012, pp. 46-55);
Your analysis should focus on whether or not you believe that the author provided a persuasive analysis and your reasoning for your conclusion. It is recommended that your post contain approximately 400 words.
in this assignment, you will locate an article focused on Information Systems that has been published within the last 3 months. You will read and write a 1-2 page summary and reflection making sure to include your thoughts about the topic. Click on this . and enter the name of your article and your name. DO NOT duplicate an article that has already been listed. Use well-known publications such as the New York Times, Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, Huffington Post, etc.
The article should be focused on a specific company or organization and cover one of the following topics covered in your reading this week:
• Data communication
• Collaboration tools used in business
• Wireless Networks or Technologies
• Mobile Networks
• Mobile Apps
• Wireless Security
• Convergence
• Telepresence
• E-Business
• E-Commerce
• Mobile Commerce
• Electronic Payment
• Web marketing
• Mobile Marketing
• Social Commerce
• Hyper-social organization
• Social media information systems
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