The final assignment for this course is broken down into 5 separate parts, with each part due each week. In Week 5, you will submit 1 cohesive. 3,500- to 4,200-word family analysis paper that combines the family analysis papers from Weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4, and includes the conclusion and genogram analysis from Week 5, along with a genogram graphic.
Write a 350- to 700-word introduction and initial analysis of your family in which you list different types of families represented in your family and describe the evolution of your family composition.
Include the following in your introduction and family analysis:
1. Discuss the extent which parenting is universal vs. context specific. Provide at least 3 specific examples from different cultures to support your argument. Use course terms and be specific.
2. Discuss the influences on parenting specific to the Somali culture, as described in a World of Babies. Mention multiple influences on parenting behavior as they are related to specific parenting practices. Be explicit about the influences on parenting.
Universal concepts in parenting philosophies and practices exist among culturally diverse families. Providers may approach anticipatory guidance by addressing global parental concerns that transcend culture in order to relieve time constraints and the overwhelming task of being knowledgeable about all cultures.
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The paper should have an introductory paragraph or paragraphs that introduce the question that you will address in your paper, succinctly states your resolution of the question or problem and lists the arguments or types of evidence that you will use to support your thesis. The body of the paper should present your evidence and arguments, and the conclusion should restate and elaborate your paper’s thesis. Throughout the paper your claims should be supported by evidence and citations of your readings should be made to tell the reader the source of your evidence. Either MLA or APA style may be used to cite sources. A reference list of all sources used should end your paper.
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Balancing Work with Family Life Interview Conduct interviews with tow demographically different people to compare their experiences about balancing a job with family life. A job is any kind of paid
work, including being employed by someone else and being self-employed.
Balancing Work with Family Life Interview
Family life including any kind of unpaid work, including housework, raising children,
and caring for elderly or ill relatives.
Balancing Work with Family Life Interview and the Study Purpose
For the purpose of this study, do not include those doing other type of work, for example, volunteer work or student
work choose two people who will provide a meaningful comparison, for example, by sex( a man and a women), by race (a black man and a white man), by age ( women
from different generations), or by occupation (a professional and a minimum-wage worker)
ask questions about their job (what is it? what is an average day like? how much time do you spend at work? is the workplace flexible about family matters?)
and their family life (who lives in your household? what are your responsibilities at home? how much time do you spend doing housework, childcare, repairs,
etc.?) ask questions about their strategies for handling everyday life (getting kids to school,etc ) as well as emergencies (Mom fell and had to rush to the
emergency room ). if they share tasks with others, ask how the task division occurred. For example, if you interview a married women, ask how she and her
husband arrived at their particular division of responsibilities. it is quite likely that they did not discuss it but instead unquestioningly follow a
traditional gendered pattern of behavior; listen to how they describe the process. Do not ask specific questions about gender-your task as a sociological
researcher is to analyze what they say, not prompt them in any way
The Perspective of the Four Families of Moral Values Course Writing Assignment
In your writing assignment, you will analyze a moral question from the perspective of the four families of moral values.
The Perspective of the Four Families of Moral Values
Your first step is to select a moral question from Section 1 (The Personal), Section 2 (The
Public), or Section 3 (The Political) of George’s What Should I Do?
Once you have selected a moral question, you must prepare an analysis of that question that
consists of six sections. The sections of your analysis must be completed in the following way.
Section One
In Section One you must first state the moral question you are working with and then give a
summary of what the philosopher or philosophers say about that question in George, What Should I Do?. Also include a brief commentary on what the philosophers’ response, that is, say what you found to be most important in the philosophers’ response and why, and say what you found most controversial in the philosophers’ response and why. Write at least two pages for Section One (and please do not write more than four pages).
Sections Two, Three, Four, and Five
In the next four sections you must analyze the question from four different moral points of view:
Section Two: Kant’s Categorical Imperative (pp. 126-130 of Weston)
Section Three: Utilitarianism (pp. 148-155 of Weston)
Section Four: Virtue (pp. 173-188 of Weston)
Section Five: Care and Compassion (pp. 201-216 of Weston)
Your analysis in each case must consist of the following two components. First, you must
explain how moral questions are framed and answered from within that perspective. Second,
you must say how the moral question you are working with would be answered from that
perspective and explain why. Sections Two, Three, Four and Five should be at least two pages
long (and please do not write more than four pages for each section).
Section Six
Section Six is your conclusion in which you state your own considered answer to the moral
question. Be sure to explain in detail why you believe that your answer is the correct answer.
Your answer may be that you are not sure what the correct answer to the question is, along with
an explanation of why different moral values or perspectives seem to be pulling you in different
directions on that question.
The Perspective of the Four Families of Moral Values Format Requirements
You must use a bold heading for each section (Section One, Section Two, etc.). Your name and
the words “Ethics, PHIL 1103” must appear at the top of your submission. You must number the
pages and you must double-space. Your submission must be prepared as an MS Word or pdf
file. You must submit your writing assignment to the appropriate Dropbox folder by the
deadline (the deadline is given in the Course Calendar).
Plagiarism
You are expected to know the College policy regarding academic honesty. Whenever you use
ideas that (as far as you know) are not original with you, you must provide a citation. You must
provide a citation for paraphrases of the ideas of others as well as direct quotations. Citations are
required to have two components. First, an in-text citation must be used which identified the
work and pages; in-text citations may be in footnote form, endnote form, or may consist of an identifier for the work and page(s) in parentheses in the text. Second, a citation must be given on a references page at the end of your submission. Entries must minimally include author, title URL if applicable, date and place of publication, and page numbers if applicable. You may use any format for giving citations as long as the same format is used throughout.
Tips for good philosophical writing
Clarity of expression is of maximum importance in this sort of writing; clarity is the chief
stylistic aim. One strategy for writing clearly is to write as simply as possible: write short
sentences in the active voice, avoid rhetorical questions, patiently explain each move your
thinking is taking, and spend time making your strange or controversial claims sound plausible.
Reading your paper aloud to yourself will help to expose places where explanation would be
helpful. Remember that the goal is not just to express your ideas, but to express your ideas in a
way that can be understood by others.
Drawing distinctions is one of the most important tasks of philosophical writing about ethics.
There are many different kinds of rights and virtues, many different ways to understand what
‘well-being’ and ‘care’ mean. Always ask yourself “what are some different senses here” of any concept or notion that plays an important role in your work.
I am happy to read a draft of your writing assignment before you submit it. I require at least four days to read and comment on drafts, and drafts are read in the order that I receive them. The deadline for submitting drafts is given on the Course Calendar. Drafts are not required and are not to be submitted to the Dropbox; send drafts to my Normandale email account as an
MS Word or pdf file. I read drafts only for completeness, clarity, detail, and imagination; it is your responsibility to correct grammatical errors and errors of spelling and punctuation. Contact the Writing Center at Normandale to learn about the availability of online help with your writing skills.
The Perspective of the Four Families of Moral Values Standards of Evaluation
In grading your submission, attention will be given to the following: use of English (grammar,
spelling, punctuation), whether each of the required tasks in each section was attempted, clarity
of expression, the detail in which the ideas are explored, and imagination.
2 sources to use are:
Required Texts
A. Weston, A 21st Century Ethical Toolbox, 3rd edition, Oxford University Press. ISBN: 0199758816
A. George, ed., What Should I Do?: Philosophers on the Good, the Bad, and the Puzzling, Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199586128
Family Values In Society and Addiction as a Relationship In this assignment, you will use the ideas you worked on earlier this week to craft your analysis essay.
Write a rough draft of your analysis essay that evaluates a specific concept (such as community, family, or freedom).
Family Values In Society and Addiction as a Relationship
Use the guidelines shown in Chapters 5 and 6 to develop your ideas and shape your essay.
You should include 3-5 outside resources in your assignment.
The assignment should be three to four pages in length.
Analysis involves investigating particular parts, elements, or ideas within the whole. If we were to analyze an object, we might take it apart and look
inside. We might, for instance, analyze a computer by opening the case and looking at the internal wires, the cards, and the connections. But when examining
a concept, we cannot take off its cover and sim-ply look inside— at least, not physically. Instead, we have to depend on intellectual inquiry. Rather than
physical tools ( screwdrivers or wrenches), we have to develop questions that get inside the abstraction. We have to ask questions that point to the
particular elements of the concept.
Family Values In Society and Addiction as a Relationship
And the more particular we get, the more we’re apt to discover. In other words, if we should try to understand the
concept in the most narrow terms possible. For example, consider col-lege. To analyze the concept, we must break it down and look at particular issues: What does college suggest for people’s lives? Is it a time and place for learning specific skills or for exploring boundless ideas? Is it a place for making
choices or for generating options? Such questions are analytical; they help to shed light on specific issues inside the broader, more following Invention
Questions to break it down: * Specifically, how does your chosen concept influence or change people’s lives? *What particular emotions, behaviors, or ideas
are associated with it? * What hidden role does it play in everyday life? * Are there complexities to the concept that people overlook?
Creating Intensity Analysis requires intellectual commitment from both readers and writers. When writers intensify their voices, they bring readers into
that commitment. But what does it mean to intensify a voice? What does it mean to make the voice you’ve fashioned into something more engaging and insistent? What features create intensity? The following Cameron Johnson passage insists that the reader pay attention.
Family Values In Society and Addiction as a Relationship
Johnson creates intensity with repetition parenthetical phrases, and word choice: But such an image leaves an impression. It resonates with our songs (“. . . purple mountains’ majesty . . .”);
it appeals to our longing for escape; it captures our desire for solitude and security; it fits into our drive to scoff at nature. And when such imagery
pounds the average citizen relentlessly, it begins to reside in the consciousness. It becomes familiar. Even though most Americans will never see the top of
a mountain or careen down a cliff ( on purpose), they can buy ( into) the vehicle attached to the impression. What if Johnson’s passage were slightly
different? Notice how the subtle changes in the following passage influence the voice: But such an image leaves an impression. Even if you think it does not, it does. The image resonates with common songs (“. . . purple mountains’ majesty . . .”); it appeals to the longing for escape and captures the desire for
solitude and security. Also, such an image supports the idea that we are not slowed down by the perils of nature. When such an image consistently shows up in
our magazines and television screens, it begins to take over the consciousness and create familiarity. Even though most Americans will never see the top of
a mountain or drive down a cliff in a truck, they can buy the vehicle attached to the impression. Not all passages in an essay can be intense. Some passages,
even in the most ferocious and passionate essays, are more relaxed. They let the reader move along without a fierce intellectual commitment and build a
foundation of thought. In the following passage from her essay “ Addiction as a Relationship,” Jean Kilbourne analyzes the relationship between alcoholism and alcohol advertising: An important part of the denial so necessary to maintain alcoholism or any other addiction is the belief that one’s alcohol use isn’t affecting one’s relationships.
Family Values In Society and Addiction as a Relationship
The truth, of course, is that addictions shatter relationships. Ads like the one for B and B ( a brand of alcohol) help
support the denial and go one step further by telling us that the alcohol is, in fact, an enhancement to relationships. While this passage is direct, clean,
and highly analytical, it is not necessarily insistent. But notice the next paragraph in Kilbourne’s essay. Something changes: “ In life, there are many
loves, but one Grande Passion,” says an ad featuring a couple in a passionate embrace. Is the passion enhanced by the liqueur or is the passion for the
liqueur? For many years I described my drinking as a love affair, joking that Jack Daniels was my most constant lover. Kilbourne’s voice changes pitch. It
invites us to ask questions, to enter her life. It becomes slightly more informal and intimate. ( But it is no less analytical.) Because reading ( like all
tulle and p, an ebb and flow of consciousness, these subtle changes in pitch help make Kilbourne’s writing seem more intense human activity) depends on ag and p, ullan ebb and flow of consciousness, these subtle changes in pitch help make Kilbourne’s writing seems more intense
and alive.
Surveillance and Supervising Domestic Violence Order Instructions: Annotate the attached: Ibarra, P. R., Gur, O. M., & Erez, E. (2014).
Surveillance and Supervising Domestic Violence
Surveillance as casework: Supervising domestic violence defendants with GPS technology. Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(4), 417-444. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-014-9536-4
Provide the reference list entry for this article in APA Style followed by a three-paragraph annotation that includes:
An application as illustrated in the following example:
Example
The example annotation below includes the citation, a summary in the first paragraph, the critique/analysis in the second paragraph, and the application in the third paragraph.
Gathman, A. C., & Nessan, C. L. (1997). Fowler’s stages of faith development in an honors science-and-religion seminar. Zygon, 32(3), 407–414. Retrieved from http://www.zygonjournal.org/
The authors described the construction and rationale of an honors course in science and religion that was pedagogically based on Lawson’s learning cycle model. In Lawson’s model, the student writes a short paper on a subject before a presentation of the material and then writes a longer paper reevaluating and supporting his or her views. Using content analysis, the authors compared the students’ answers in the first and second essays, evaluating them based on Fowler’s stages of development. The authors presented examples of student writing with their analysis of the students’ faith stages. The results demonstrated development in stages 2 through 5.
The authors made no mention of how to support spiritual development in the course. There was no correlation between grades and level of faith development. Instead, they were interested in the interface between religion and science, teaching material on ways of knowing, creation myths, evolutionary theory, and ethics. They exposed students to Fowler’s ideas but did not relate the faith development theory to student work in the classroom. There appears to have been no effort to modify the course content based on the predominant stage of development, and it is probably a credit to their teaching that they were able to conduct the course with such diversity in student faith development. However, since Fowler’s work is based largely within a Western Christian setting, some attention to differences in faith among class members would have been a useful addition to the study.
Fowler’s work would seem to lend itself to the research of this sort, but this model is the only example found in recent literature. This study demonstrates the best use of the model, which is an assessment. While the theory claimed high predictive ability, the change process that the authors chronicled is so slow and idiosyncratic that it would be difficult to design and implement research that had as its goal measurement of movement in a faith development continuum.
Format your annotation in Times New Roman, 12-point font, double-spaced. A separate References list page is not needed. A separate References list page is needed.
Surveillance and Supervising Domestic Violence Sample Answer
Surveillance as Casework: Supervising Domestic Violence
Defendants with GPS Technology
Ibarra, P. R., Gur, O. M., & Erez, E. (2014). Surveillance as casework: Supervising domestic violence defendants with GPS technology. Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(4), 417-444. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10611-014-9536-4
The author’s topic is directed toward establishing domestic violence defendants through the use of TPS technology. According to the author, there has been a continued effort that ignored the relevance of traditional approaches directed towards supervising humans, an aspect that critically intrigues the need of a surveillance approach embedded in the judicial system casework. The author therefore makes an effort to conduct a comparative analysis with the aim of illustrating the manner in which the problem population differs across different segmented community correction agencies in the implementation of the surveillance regime. The author therefore conducts a study to establish the manner in which surveillance styles reflect the capacity of agencies that are directed towards curbing crime and managing risks, an aspect that provides assistance and treatment through an observed process. According to the author, the programmatic element of these systems expresses the manner in which officers relate with offenders in their cases, as an aspect that contrasts to the ambient approach of monitoring populations and the environment through the inclusion of data bank technology thus highlighting the essence of the surveillance style in caseworks. The methods depicted by the author in this material detail how the systems are utilized in collecting personal information that are accessed through the data banks that are needed by government and market based actors. These efforts reflect a digitalized form of data that is conducted routinely and silently, an aspect that entails the visiting of websites, the acquisition of telephone dials, swiping of ID cards on entering a secured entity and using the images that are captured from a closed-circuit television (CCTV). The primary theoretic basis of the study lies on the use of surveillance as an object of inquiry, an aspect that achieves the objective of applying technology within the criminal justice systems.
The study provides no theoretical framework and extensively reviews existing literature in validating the views of the author. The author clearly communicates the need to examine the styles of surveillance among different community correction officers through the use of an EM through a comparative analysis that establishes the studies objectives through a review of several literatures, an aspect that uses and builds on the existing literature in establishing the study’s goal. On the other hand, the material provides a research method that is not fully appropriate since it only details the data collection method and does not detail the research methodology used in the collection and analysis of data. The sample size detailed in this study involves the inclusion of three jurisdictions-West, Midwest and the South criminal justice workforce that are involved in the dispensation of GPS in DV caseworks either directly or indirectly. The sample size is therefore appropriate since these agencies have distinct approaches in the operation of GPS in DV programs, an aspect that enables the study to conduct a comparative analysis of the surveillance systems and its application. Considering the several biases noted in the research, the study does not provide adequate control measures in addressing some of the research biases noted. This depicts the fact that the study did not consider using a paradigm solution in eliminating the biases, an aspect that intrigues the need for s strategy that handles the validity of the study. This study may therefore be replicable considering the fact that technology evolves and different surveillance systems are bound to change with time. The limitations of this study are evident in its inefficiency in establishing the difference between interactive and ambient systems, an aspect that effaces the responsibility and roles of human labor in the use of surveillance systems. This clearly makes the studies objective obscure, thus giving the study a different interpretation. Lastly, the study’s conclusions are justifiable, in consideration of the fact that the surveillance regime is quickly gaining prominence within the judicial system. However, the author does not take into account the different cultural and social contexts since the study is only based on single research demography.
This source is primarily different in structure as compared to other studies; since it details the legitimacy of different approaches of interactive surveillance an aspect that denotes the varying philosophies and approaches of community corrections. To clarify this, the author addresses the manner in which supervision is conceptualized in the literature review on using EM technology an aspect that is affirmed by an examination of the surveillance systems in three U.S based programs. This source therefore informs my future research since it creates a gap in addressing the roles of human labor in the use of surveillance systems a gap that the material fails to fill in the study. The application of these methods within my project will be centered on an effort to enhance security within my work environment considering the constant threats that the society is currently experiencing from terroristic activities. On the other hand, the study would be applied in establishing some of the erroneous activities of different individuals who commit to upheaval activities in the community by detecting their missions and curbing them before they turn harmful. The article may not be considered universal since the context of the study varies.
Thank you so much for helping for this assignment. Please have a look and try to make a good essay so I can get the good marks.
Essay Part B
NRSG 257 Child, Adolescent and Family Nursing
Critical Evaluation of Artefacts for one of the following essay topics
Topic
Evaluate the psychosocial effects of living with asthma in relation to nursing care of the primary school aged child. Discuss how this information will guide evidence based Australian nursing practice.
In part A I submitted the list of artifacts and their screenshot and why you think those artifacts are good for your critical evaluation. Which i submitted 17/08/2015
Part B (Now we have to concentrate on this part please)
The essay is aimed at critically evaluating the content of the artefacts in the portfolio and the importance of using and evaluating evidence-based artefacts, when caring for children, adolescents and their families in relation to current Australian nursing practice. This should include the following;
• Demonstration of what learning was achieved through the content of the artefacts selected for the portfolio relevant to the chosen essay topic.
• Evaluation of evidence and value of the information or message within the chosen artefacts. The essay will demonstrate the ability to critically evaluate the research contained in the artefact portfolio. This will be undertaken whilst discussing the importance/value of the evidence-base for future nursing practice.
• This assessment task will allow students to demonstrate their critical thinking and reasoning, as well as their research skills. Students will also demonstrate how evidence based information can be implemented into contemporary Australian Nursing practice.
I am going to include list of artefacts which I used for Assignment part (A). Please have a look
Please include the following questions in given essay
• What are the strength of each artefact?
• What are the weakness of each artefacts?
• What are the limitation of each artefacts?
• How these artefacts can relate to evidence based learning?
• How these artefacts will work for Australian nursing perspectives?
Dear sir, you can use other supportive article’s references to support the essay.
1. APA Referencing
2. At least 25 genuine references from 2010 to 2015 study based,
3. 90 % references has to be research based Journal article
4. Australian and New Zealand based study article preferable.
5. Please have a look Rubric guideline for given topic, I need good grades in this assignment so please do me a favour and try to make a good essay
If you need any other information, please let me know
Thank you so much for you help and support.
Regards
SAMPLE ANSWER
Family Nursing
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (2011) summarised various aspects concerning asthma in Australia. The strengths of the artefact include its coverage of a broad scope of aspects that are of interest to the study topic. The artefact gives factual information including the prevalence of asthma in children (Saini, Krass, Smith, Bosnic-Anticevich, & Armour, 2011, Pg. 190). It also highlights the impacts of asthma from varied viewpoints. Weaknesses of the artefact include its focus on basic concepts regarding asthma, but failure to highlight treatment and management concepts of the disease (Katelaris, Sacks, & Theron, 2013, Pg. 507). It also has limitations such as its failure to identify the impacts of the disease from a psychosocial perspective. Nevertheless, the artefact gives important information that could propel epidemiologic studies that would in turn facilitate evidence-based practice (Lim, Kobzik, & Dahl, 2010). Indication of a high prevalence of the disease in Australia would motivate stakeholders to take necessary measures for countering the occurrence (Gibbs, 2015; Pal, Dahal, & Pal, 2009; Rosenkranz, Rosenkranz, & Neessen, 2012). The item offers information that is relevant to nursing practice in Australia. Nurses would understand that the Australian population has a higher predisposition to asthma, and they would need to offer intensive patient education to promote the health of their community (Goeman, Abramson, McCarthy, Zubrinich, & Douglass, 2013). The artefact also describes financial expenditures directed to asthma management. Such data gives nurses a rich background concerning the financial impacts of the disease on the Australian population.
Blanchard, Morris, Birrell, Stephens-Reicher, Third, & Burns, (2014) examined the young population in Australia for asthma. The researchers noted that asthma had undesirable impacts on the quality of life that people led. They indicated that asthma has negative impacts on patients from psychological social and developmental perspectives (Kozyrskyj, Kendall, Jacoby, Sly, & Zubrick, 2010, Pg. 540). The strengths of the artefact include its comprehensive reporting of the scientifically-conducted research. The article gives high-level evidence concerning psychosocial impacts of asthma on the lives of patients. In their methodology, the investigators offered respondents an opportunity to point out concerns that affected their well-being (Blanchard et al., 2014, Pg. 6). The practice was advantageous as it resulted in first-hand data concerning psychosocial impacts of asthma. However, some aspects of the study reported in the artefact present weaknesses and limitations. For instance, the researchers used pre-validated instruments of measuring the impacts of asthma on the quality of the lives of patients (Blanchard et al., 2014, Pg. 14). The survey is also limited in that it addresses people of ages between twelve and twenty-five years, a group that does not coincide with the school-age children. The study offered recommendations whose implementation would promote evidence-based practice. It described a need for practice that purposes to facilitate the education of populations concerning asthma and its impacts on people’s lives. The study sought to influence nursing practice by recommending that the practitioners in health care undertake more education regarding the managements and handling of asthma patients (Evers, Jones, Iverson, & Caputi, 2013).
National Asthma Council Australia (2015) defined and described the diagnoses of asthma in children (National Asthma Council Australia, 2015, Pg. 8). The handbook also explained the difficulties encountered when diagnosing asthma in juveniles (Potter, 2010, Pg. 1). The strengths of the artefact include a high level of the credibility of its results. It was sourced from a government agency, and it offers detailed and specific principles concerning asthma. The handbook offers a clear distinction between concepts of asthma that present in children and the ones that occur in adults (Martel, Malo, Perreault, & Beauchesne, 2009, Pg. 197; The Cancer Council, 2015). It also explained how various psychosocial factors influence the management of asthma in patients (National Asthma Council Australia, 2015, Pg. 41). The handbook also identifies psychosocial factors that trigger the occurrence of asthma (Suglia, Chambers, Rosario, & Duarte, 2011; The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA), 2014). Its weakness is that it dwells solely on practice and, it does not include investigative work. Therefore, the handbook is limited to practice, and it does not offer much of research. The artefact applies to evidence-based practice as it gives standardised guidelines concerning the management of asthma in pediatrics. It is a handy tool for nursing practice as it offers guidelines on various management practices for patients with asthma (Baiardini, Braido, Bonini, Compalati, Canonica, 2009, Pg. 230).
Collins, Gill, Chittleborough, Martin, Taylor, and Winefield (2008) explored psychosocial impacts of asthma on school-age children. The researchers purposed to use a representative sample to examine the effects that asthma has on the psychosocial lives of children. They found that children who had asthma were often unhappy, and their health status was generally poor. The strengths of the article include its high degree of relevance to the study topic. The article uses keywords that relate directly to childhood asthma and its psychosocial impacts in the lives of patients (Suglia, Duarte, Sandel, & Wright, 2010, Pg. 636). The study also included a large number of participants, hence ensuring that the results obtained were a representation of large children population. There was also an elevated response rate in the participation of respondents in the study, an event that enhanced the reliability of the study (Collins et al., 2008, Pg. 490). Findings from the research also concurred with those of other studies making them realistic. Weaknesses of the study reported in the article include failure to take objective measurements of asthma for instance by applying the peak flow rate to assess lung functionality (Bruzzese, Sheares, Vincent, Du, Sadeghi, Levison, Evans, 2011, Pg. 998). It had major limitations such as a possible bias considering that participants had to respond to phone calls that some may have missed. The study applies to evidence-based practice by involving a scientific research to identify psychosocial impacts of asthma on school children. The investigation influences nursing practicing by establishing a connection between asthma and mental morbidities (Collins et al., 2008, Pg. 491; Feitosa, Santos, Barreto-Carmo, Santos, Teles, Rodrigues, & Barreto, 2011, Pg. 160).
Brown, Gallagher, and Fowler (2013) examined the self-efficacy of parents of school-age asthmatic children in managing the disease. The study offers an authoritative reference to the study topic. The researchers identified factors that influenced care and management of asthma in children as offered by their parents. Among the factors were parents’ health education and social disparities (Giallo, Bahreinian, Brown, Cooklin, Kingston, Kozyrskyj, 2015). Weaknesses presented in the study include the involvement of a small sample size that would generate controversy concerning generalisation of findings. Another critical weakness of the study was its employment of instruments that had not been widely explored in other research works. The study had limitations such as bearing influence from insufficiency of previous studies addressing major concepts in research. The study propels evidence-based learning as it identifies and describes the necessary interventions of enhancing self-efficacy of the parents of asthmatic juveniles. It impacts on nursing practice as nurses would drive educative programs to such parents.
The Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne (2015) gave guidelines concerning asthma management in children. The hospital defined asthma and related it to other health complications linked to it. The artefact explained the pathophysiology of asthma among children and described different pharmacological interventions applied in the management of the ailment for pediatrics (Lowe, Carlin, Bennett, Hosking, Allen, Robertson, Dharmage, 2010). The artefact is authoritative in that it is from a reputable healthcare institution in Australia. It applies perfectly to the study topic by describing appropriate assessment and management strategies for the disease. The artefact grades asthmatic conditions on the basis of severity. It would be necessary for the study to relate disease severity to the psychosocial impacts it has on children. Weaknesses of the artefact include its failure to describe impacts of asthma on patients’ lives. The resource is also limited in that it does not offer investigative information but just gives guidelines (National Asthma Council Australia, 2014). The article has significant impact on evidence-based learning as it outlines standardised assessment and treatment strategies for the disease (Schultz & Martin, 2013, Pg. 13). It influences the Australian nursing perspective by recommending particular practices in asthma management and treatment (Perzanowski, Miller, Tang, Ali, Garfinkel, Chew, Barr, 2010, Pg. 118). Nurses would refer to such guidelines when handling and treating asthmatic patients.
Baiardini I, Braido F, Bonini M, Compalati E, Canonica GW. (2009). Why do doctors and patients not follow guidelines? Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 2009(9), 228–233.
Brown, N., Gallagher, R., Fowler, C., & Wales, S. (2013). Asthma management self-efficacy in parents of primary school-age children. Journal Of Child Health Care, 18(2), 133-144. doi:10.1177/1367493512474724
Bruzzese, J.-M., Sheares, B. J., Vincent, E. J., Du, Y., Sadeghi, H., Levison, M. J., … Evans, D. (2011). Effects of a School-based Intervention for Urban Adolescents with Asthma: A Controlled Trial. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 183(8), 998–1006. doi:10.1164/rccm.201003-0429OC
Collins, J., Gill, T., Chittleborough, C., Martin, A., Taylor, A., & Winefield, H. (2008). Mental, Emotional, and Social Problems Among School Children with Asthma. J Asthma, 45(6), 489-493. doi:10.1080/02770900802074802
Evers, U., Jones, S. C., Iverson, D., & Caputi, P. (2013). “Get Your Life Back”: process and impact evaluation of an asthma social marketing campaign targeting older adults. BMC Public Health, 13, 759. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-759
Feitosa, C. A., Santos, D. N., Barreto-Carmo, M. B., Santos, L. M., Teles, C. A. S., Rodrigues, L. C., & Barreto, M. L. (2011). Behaviour problems and prevalence of asthma symptoms among Brazilian children. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 71(3), 160–165. doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.02.004
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A 900 word essay in MLA format with informal outline ESSAY SHOULD INCLUDE: Determine purpose of Linda Chavez’s essay “Supporting Family Values” Do you agree or disagree with Chavez? Why? Write an essay that develops your thesis statement, your stand on this issue or a relating issue.
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Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy Sample Answer
Commercial surrogacy is a concept that has resulted in mixed reactions from the members of the society on grounds of ethics and legality. Even though it seems to give hope for the childless parents, the question of human dignity cannot be overruled.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
The major issue the paper is deliberating on is the question of commercial surrogacy incorporating case studies on the premise of human dignity. The concept of commercial surrogacy enables couples in need of a child to pay a woman to carry for them a baby at a certain fee. Therefore, I do believe that this topic and more so the case studies provide a deeper understanding of the issues of human dignity. The paper furthermore, will incorporate two perspectives pertaining to the issue of commercial surrogacy referring them to the four quadrants and finally provides a discussion of important of viewing human dignity as multidimensional as opposed to considering these perspectives in isolation.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy Practice
Perspective one holds the view that practicing commercial surrogacy is a way of devaluing the dignity of human life because children are treated as if they are supposed to be sold and be bought (Wilkinson, 2003, 169-187). Furthermore, it devalues the life and dignity of mothers practicing surrogacy as it reduces their worth in terms of their reproductive capacity. This, therefore, makes them appear not to be viewed as loving mothers of their children they have given birth.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy Case Study
The case study involving, Baby Grammy, clearly captures the views from this first perspective. The fact that the twin sisters were born through a surrogate mother called Patharamon Chanbua, it devalues human dignity of them and that of the participants. The Australian couple took one of the sisters while the other suffering from Down syndrome was left behind with the surrogate mother. The mother received payment for carrying the Baby for the couple hence; this qualifies as selling a baby. Furthermore, the action paints the surrogate mother as not respectful to her own reproductive capability and a mother that does not have love to her children (Drabiak et al. 2007, 300-309). Therefore, the author concept of human dignity is to embrace and value children even if they have some disabilities. The act of the Australian couples, abandoning a twin sister because Down syndrome is unethical and it devalues human dignity. Parents of commercial surrogate children need to put the best interest of the children before their selfish interests. This human dignity falls in the quadrant (1A). I do believe that regardless of the method that a child has been born, the child is still a human being and is still worth. Judging a baby because of suffering from Down syndrome is unethical putting in mind that the Australian Couples went for the commercial surrogacy. They have the responsibility to take good care of the two twins regardless of their health conditions. Taking one that is healthy and leaving the other baby is unethical and malicious as it violates human dignity hence, the case study belongs to this quadrant.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy and Social Attitudes
Social attitudes, circumstances as well as norms play a key role as to why people hold to this perspective. The way people have been brought up and the environment they have grown shapes their perception about commercial surrogacy. They might not have seen people or even their parents doing such practices hence this contributed to their position on the same. The way children of surrogate mothers are mistreated by guardians can also be one reason why society holds contrary views on commercial surrogacy. Society as well must live and keep up to certain standards to ensure that people lead morally upright lives. Society expects people to lead their lives in a certain way and going contrary to such principles then leads to conflicts. The biblical teaching on reproduction as well as shapes and influences the attitudes of the people about commercial surrogacy. Cultural differences as well have the potential to shape the way people perceive the concept of commercial surrogacy. The culture or values and the level of skills and knowledge of individuals and the way they have been brought up affect the ways they perceive the aspect of commercial surrogacy (Deutsch, 2014, 932-945). Therefore, it is evident that these factors shape the level of understanding of individual human dignity. Other people might not have a problem to opt for commercial surrogacy to get children while others because of their cultural beliefs they might view this as devaluing human dignity.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
This perspective, therefore, seems to justify that couples without children can use commercial surrogacy to get children only if the best interest of the child are upheld and if the child is not bought or sold or if it does not affect the reproductive capability of the mother. Therefore, such an individual that holds this perspective will not be cowed down to conduct commercial surrogacy as long as they ensure that they do not go contrary to the ideologies and principles espoused in here (Fisher, 2013, 235-246). They will consider the action right is the children are not sold and if they are given the best treatment regardless of their circumstances. To uphold to human dignity, it would require, that the surrogate mother takes care of the child to give it motherly love and that, the couples as well does not discriminate and mistreat the baby because of their incapacities.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
The second perspective about human dignity and commercial surrogacy holds the view that society tends to view the work of commercial surrogate mothers as unethical hence, their dignity is dismissed both the mothers themselves and the way community perceives them. Nevertheless, these mothers can still restore their dignity and self-worth by expressing themselves on the way people should perceive their role in society hence, rebrand and recreate their image of the work they do as a noble thing (Karandikar et al, 2014).
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
This perspective is exemplified in the case of twin born by an Indian surrogate mother. In India, there is a stigma against commercial surrogacy, as such mothers are perceived in negative limelight. According to Pande (2010, 292-312) surrogates in India experienced a considerable degree of stigma in their communities. However, Amrita believed that stigma suffered was because of Indian society considering commercial surrogacy immoral comparable to baby selling and prostitution. Therefore, the author concept of human dignity in relation to the case study is that the custody and safety of the children should not be compromised at any level as long the parties agree with each other (Anderson, 2010, 19-26). This concept of dignity is best explained by quadrant 1B. Even though undergoing commercial surrogate may be perceived as unethical by the society, and resulting in the stigmatization of the surrogate mothers, the mother is still a human being with the capacity to make better decisions. Therefore, it is important for the surrogate mothers to explain and defend their role as a surrogate mother. Quadrant 2A also way can help understand the concept of dignity. The behavior of the surrogate mothers may appear to be a sign of loss of sense of self-worth, they may indicate that she lacks dignity hence the society should not delve much of their attention to them (Graffith, 2015, 196-198). Similarly, surrogate mothers and couples regardless of their status and actions, it is befitting for the society to treat them well and not to merely judge them because they deserve respect and dignity as explained in the quadrant 1A. The case study belongs to these quadrants because; these surrogate mothers are human beings like other people in society (Edlund et al, 2013, Pg. 851; Ergas, 2013, Pg. 117). They as well give birth to children that deserve respect. The mothers as well deserve respect because they are a part of the society and they can explain their role to the society for them not to be discriminated and looked down upon.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
It is true that social attitudes, norms, and circumstances played a major role in influencing this perspective. The reason why society looks down upon surrogate mothers, as is the case of Amrita in the case study in India is that the practice may not be part of their culture. The way they have been brought up and even socialized, they have never encountered such incidences. Therefore, it makes them adamant to accept the same. However, there seems to be a window of opportunity for surrogate mothers in India especially if they come out and talk about their work and role. The society seems to be attentive on the issue and is likely to buy into the idea and restore their confidence in the role of such surrogate mothers. Cultural factors as well play a key role in this issue. Culture requires that women give birth to a child in a normal way. A man and a woman need to come into contact to sire a baby. Using other practices is perceived unclean and unethical hence, explaining some level of resistance and negatives perception.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
Nevertheless, it is true that circumstances, as well as the factors explained, can affect the way people perceive and think about human dignity. For unfertile parents, they view commercial surrogacy as the best option for them to get a baby. They will, therefore, embrace the concept even if the society is opposed to it. Surrogate mothers that have compassion, as well as those that are motivated by commercial interest, will definitely buy into the idea. Therefore, the circumstances of the people will vary and will shape their perception on the issue.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
The perspectives, therefore, seem to justify the actions of Amrita and other surrogate mothers provided they talk and explain to the society about their role. As long as the practices are done well and children are taken good care, then no one devalues human dignity. The person that holds to this perspective will, therefore, likely to take a decision depending on the circumstances. For instance, if they value and have high self-esteem and they have explained their role to society, then the practice will not be a problem. On the contrary, if they feel that they will lose a sense of self-worth and receive a reprimand from the society, then the chances of approving the same will reduce. Therefore, to uphold to human dignity, they must ensure that the society understand their role and they move on the same page pertaining to knowledge and purpose of embracing the aspect of commercial surrogacy.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy
The concept of human dignity is complex and therefore it is important to evaluate the various perspectives based on the various quadrants to understand them better. This, therefore, helps to enhance our understanding of the concept of the multidimensionality of human dignity with respect to the case studies. Considering one perspective in this case studies are likely to jeopardize other aspects of human dignity. For instance, in reference to perspective one and case study involving Baby Grammy, the act of selling the baby to the Australian couples devalues human dignity and the decision of the couple to one of the twins instead of both twins because of the fact that one suffers from Down syndrome violates ethics and shows devaluation of human dignity. This is in tandem with the quadrant 1A where the dignity of the child should be upheld because the twin is a human being deserving respect. The action of the couples to get children through a commercial surrogate is worthwhile; they are not supposed to treat the twin suffering from Down syndrome as they did (Millbank, 2010). This causes contradictions on human dignity to ensure the best interest of the children. Similarly, in perspective two, women such as Amrita deserve a right to be appreciated in society even though they are surrogate mothers.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy Conclusion
In conclusion, it is evident that indeed the aspect of human dignity and commercial surrogacy will still trigger a heated debate in the courts and in the social realms. The case study in this discussion has demonstrated the controversies that surround the issue. Opting for commercial surrogacy is a decision that requires consideration of many aspects including social attitudes, legislation, and ethical consideration. The case of baby Grammy and Amrita have provided deeper insights on the topic. Summarily, the response on the multidimensionality of human dignity shows that humans are inspired to realize our dignity in our lives despite human dignity is inherent. Thus, a dignified response would be to enable the surrogate to see their pride reflected in our actions. This may change the way they think about themselves and other people. This might cause them to reassess they exercise their future autonomy.
Human Dignity and Commercial Surrogacy References
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