Category: History

Historical, Social and Technical Knowledge

Historical, Social and Technical Knowledge
Historical, Social and Technical Knowledge

Log and Reflection Part B: Historical Social and Technical Knowledge

Order Instructions:

Just do part B & C do not include part A

SAMPLE ANSWER

Historical, Social and Technical Knowledge

Log and Reflection (MUS207)

Part B: Historical, Social and Technical Knowledge

There exist a number of music genres that people play using their guitar as one of their accompaniments. Different people have favorite music genres they listen to and would recommend to their friends. Personally, I love blues and RnBs. I have always used this category of songs to aid my guitar practice. Songs usually have a history of their evolution. For instance, the blues genre is categorized differently such as delta and electric. These subgenres develop as new singers embrace slight changes or deviate slightly from the original version of the song. These variations as well result from variation of styles in instrumentations. The different tones of guitar contribute to the noticeable differences in these songs. Blues trace their roots from African American communities that used to live in Deep South in the 19th century (Govenar, 2008). Folk and spiritual works and chants from the European influenced this genre (Coelho, 2003).

Most blues are about love and relationships. They, therefore, trigger emotions from those people that listen to them. The variations of the tone and melodies on a guitar add pleasure and texture in the songs. I have listened to various songs in this genre by different artists and on various topics. However, when it comes to my guitar training, I prefer to train with James Blunt songs. These songs are so personal and use instrumentals such as guitar. I admire the way the songs’ melodies are organized that make them sound emotional.

At the training place, I normally use a number of songs from these artists. One of the songs is ‘Stay the night’ composed by James Blunt. The song is in his third studio album  named ‘Some kind of trouble’. This song was released as a single in 2010 and became one of the hit songs in Austria media (Blunt, 2014). It has as well performed in the ARIA charts since 2005 ranking among the best ten songs.

The other song I used to train with in my guitar session is ‘You’re beautiful’ also written by James Blunt in collaboration with Amanda Ghost and Bacha Skarbek. The singer was James Blunt and this was one of the songs in the 2004 album named ‘Back to Bedlam’.  It is the third single song that was released from the album in the year 2005. The song has received global airplay in many television and radio stations.  It as well won the Ivor Novello Award for its airplay in 2006.

The third song is ‘Goodbye my lover,’ that was released in 2005. James Blunt sang the song and it is in the album, ‘Back to Bedlam’. The song is very emotional as it is about a love relationship gone sour. Handling separation is an awful experience that James exemplifies through the song.

All these three songs are calm and emotional. They are accompanied by guitar as one of the instrumentals that makes the sounds and the tunes. The sounds vary from low, medium, and high pitches. These moderations and variations add aura on the listening experience. Therefore, I use these songs as I practice to play and follow various guitar principles during my training session.

During this training, I was able to learn various aspects about guitar.  A guitar can be fine-tuned to produce various sounds such as bass, soprano, and can as well blend these sounds to reduce a customized rhythm. There are various forms of guitar and they continue to evolve. New types of guitar that are more advanced are produced to enhance their sounds and melody. Nowadays, there are guitars that use power transformation from the traditional types manually operated.

When playing a guitar, you have to understand the techniques, patterns, rhythms, and notes that fit a specific song rhythm. Songs have different rhythms and require specific guitar notes. Before playing, the guitar is tuned to an open chord such as G or E major. An individual uses hands or metal objects to tangle strings that produce sound.

Training allowed me to learn about picking style exemplified in slide and fretted guitar styles. To produce a rhythm, the guitar is thumped out continuously on bass notes on its lower strings. This can be repeated on upper strings, which produce chords; melodic riffs and fills making a song come out clearly. Chords are played by slides that move from one point to another. These chords in such songs have minor triads, major, and dominant 7th chords (Chappell, 2014). The songs use blue scale in melodies as well as in their composition. Therefore, listening to these songs enabled me to acquire more knowledge on how to play a guitar. I noticed how the melodies kept on changing as the players continued to make slides using their thumbs. Listening gave me confidence and tricks in understanding the notes and adjustment procedures.

The log

This practice session was a wonderful experience for me. It gave me an opportunity to utilize my time well. The training took a duration of four days. Every training day, I learnt a lot about the guitar. I used my diary to record the session and all that I experienced at the training. I used to practice in the evening after the afternoon classes. The training session begun at 5 pm and lasted from 2 hours until 7 pm. This training was conducted at my friends’ places. Sometimes they used to come at our home to help me learn the guitar.

The first day, I learned about parts and functions of guitar and how to adjust it to produce different melodies. This was not a difficult task as it took me 20 minutes to know how to set a guitar. I also learned about various keys such as E and G factors and fine-tuning them. The second day, I listened to the first song, ‘Stay the night’ to identify the various types of guitar tones and how it produced the various melodies. I managed to learn how to play the guitar the way the song played in the DVD.

The third day, I listened to my second favorite song, ‘You’re beautiful’ and used the melodies and the skills gained to play the song. The fourth day, I listened to the third favorite song, ‘Goodbye my lover’ and as well practiced it. In the last one hour, I went through all the songs and played guitar along with them. I realized that I had learned guitar-playing skills. My colleagues congratulated me for being a quick learner and surprising them for the level of perfection I exhibited once I held the guitar in my hands. I realized that I could be one of the best guitar players when I develop interest in the same. I believe that in future, I will also sing songs and play guitar just the way my best artist, James Blunt, did.

References

 Blunt, J. (2014). ‘Stay The Night’ (in German). ORF. Retrieved 7 September 2014.

Chappell, J. (2014). How to get the blues sound. Retrieved from: http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-get-the-blues-sound.seriesId-105965.html

Coelho, V. (2003).  The Cambridge companion to the guitar, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Govenar, B. (2008). Texas Blues: The Rise of a Contemporary Sound; Texas A&M University Press.

Komara, M. (2006).  Encyclopedia of the blues; Routledge

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Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper

Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper  What distinguishes the Deng era from the Mao era in China; what ways did Deng adhere to Mao’s policies and how did he change them.

Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper
Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper

Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper Order Instructions: This is a first-year Asian studies essay so it is not a high level one.

 

This essay must include the introduction and conclusion, and we will choose the question 5 as the topic which is ‘What distinguishes the Deng era from the Mao era in China? In what ways did Deng adhere to Mao’s policies and how did he change them? ‘

You don’t have to be too detailed in this essay but point out some strong points and find some reference to support them.

Thank you and I am looking forward a quality first year level asain study essay cheers

SAMPLE ANSWER

Deng era and Mao era in China Introduction

The histories and cultures of Asia are very important in any Asian study as they provide some basic general knowledge and intellectual skills required to effectively study any one of the cultures. These usually include China, Japan, Korea, India, Thailand and many more. The religions of the people of the East Asia culture usually include Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, and Zen Buddhism. The South Asian culture is majorly made up of Muslims. The Chinese Culture is one of the oldest in the World. It covers a large eastern Asia region, therefore customs and traditions vary greatly depending on the province, city, or town. Throughout history, many groups have either merged into other ethnicities or disappeared. The largest group, Han Chinese has managed to maintain traditions. Ever since the period of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, one or another Chinese Monarch has been the main ruler. These periods are usually similar in the sense that government and military officials are placed high in the hierarchy, while the rest are basically under the regular Chinese law. Ever since 256 BCE, the Chinese society was organized in various socio-economic classes (Chai 2003: 165). These are commonly referred to as four occupations (Zhang 2013: 450). Unfortunately, this hierarchical system was not effective as other social groups were left out. The distinctions between the groups also became confusing as the Chinese culture was commercialized during the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE) (Chang 2014: 42). This paper will particularly focus on the Chinese Culture during the Deng and Mao eras. It will distinguish the differences between these two leaders as well as their similarities.

Distinguishing the Deng Era from the Mao Era

The Chinese regional policy has undergone decades of trials, adjustments and readjustments as is noted from Maoist redistributive policies to Deng’s approach of the uneven development. Therefore, the policies implemented during the Mao era and Deng era is what can be used to distinguish the two periods. Other forms of development can also be used to achieve the same purpose; such as agricultural situations, political reforms and many more (Chang 2014: 49). The land reforms under Mao that took place between 1953 and 1978 were too many, a fact that proved there were failures in land policies during this time (Chai 2003: 167). Mao was basically experimenting different policies trying to figure out which one will prove effective. This was frequently not supported by the peasantry.  For instance, the land reforms supported by Mao led to many landowners losing their lands to the states. This happened because farmers were advised to form cooperation’s, thus they were offered usage rights, but not ownerships of the land (Chang 2014: 43). This in turn greatly affected the agriculture economy at this time, as the absence of incentives resulted in poor productivity for workers.

The compensation offered for these workers in the collective farms was calculated through complex shared points systems. The fact that farmers knew the land belonged to the state also affected their productivity as it made them feel used (Goldman 2009: 664). The food they produced in the farms was sold to the state at fixed low prices compared to the price offered for the open market where other members of the public went to purchase them. Hence, these workers were forced to rely on government subsidies for survival. The infrastructure during the Mao era was poor, and the resulting transportation problems caused great loss as farmers could not move food to their homes without them spoiling. Gradually, the amount of food produced in the fields reduced as a result of poor land management. The chairmen of the collective cooperation’s pushed workers to work on the fields despite the soils being exhausted and water supply reducing drastically (Goldman 2009: 665). It was as a result of this low productivity that China experienced food shortages and famines. To improve the situation, Mao decided to facilitate programs for fertilizers and hybrid seeds. Unfortunately, they also had negative environmental effects.

The Deng era turned out to be a complete opposite of what was happening during the Mao era. In 1979, Deng started working on dismantling the controlled collectivism system (Goldman 2009: 670). He did so by encouraging the farmers to once again start working on their individual plots. Legislation was passed that farmers could employ laborers, and even sell surplus (Walder & Litao 2006: 357). Incentives were offered for peasants who were still not allowed to own land. Deng achieved this by offering them long-term and renewable leases, therefore they could use the land as their own for the given duration. Therefore, once again, order was achieved in China, where the state only expected to be offered part of the crops produced. As a result of this positive change to the reforms, agricultural productivity was once again improved. Farmers made great profits from the sale of rice, vegetables, sugar and many other products. Farmers became motivated to join hands, voluntarily, with other farmers. Thus, they were able to improve irrigation and the status of the roads.

Political reforms that took place during the Mao era proved to be more effective than any other issue this leader ever handled. In Mao’s view, he really hoped to develop a new China that was free from corruption, economically equal and respected all over the world (Dirlik 2012: 23). This is why, instead of focusing on individuals, he implemented a collective system. Therefore, during his era, corruption and disparity were reduced at high rates, but the economic and political vision did not turn out as expected. The Cultural Revolution that took place as a result of the Mao era led to a decade of violence and human suffrage. Mao launched this revolution in an attempt to reassert his authority over the Chinese government (Chai 2003: 170). He did this when he started doubting the loyalty of the other members, thus he called upon the youth to clear the country of impure elements. Deng was lucky as he got an opportunity to witness the mistakes of Mao, and thus make the necessary changes to improve the situation. Thus, another distinction between these two eras is that the Mao reign was full of economic and political failures.

Deng developed a reform, which gave the Chinese people mandate over their own property (Walder & Litao 2006: 362). He also stressed on economic development as well as social stability. Therefore, his reign facilitated a switch from planned economy to the market oriented economy. This approach is what greatly enhanced the economy of China. During this era, 170 million people were saved from poverty, the Chinese citizens’ savings bank increased from 21 billion Yuan to 4,628 billion yuan. This era, however was not all good. As Deng was focusing on righting the wrongs of Mao, he forgot to pay attention to other important factors such as corruption. This era led to the development of the entrepreneurial class. Thus, buildings were erected, and the town developed drastically. This was facilitated on the land that was supposed to be cultivated. Thus, there was degradation of a very precious land that would have been used for better purposes. This may be a contribution to the high levels of unemployment experienced in China. Mao’s era provided jobs and social welfare for most Chinese citizens, while the Deng era seems to have forgotten about them. Hence, during the reign of Mao, individuals were poorer, but at least they had jobs and did not feel so insecure economically. The Deng era presents a lot of fear as the people are afraid for their economic wellbeing. This is because state leaders are misusing public money for their own benefits.

How Deng Adhered To Mao’s Policies and How He Changed Them

            Deng managed to adhere to some of the policies passed by Mao, but he also took great effort to make changes to many others. These two leaders had a similar vision for the country; however, the approaches they took were somewhat different. One of the policies Deng adhered to was the one intended to improve agricultural and industrial production. As he was part of the government at the era of Mao, he got to learn a lot of things about the approach taken by this leader. This pushed him to make some changes to this policy, which he did by breaking the collective groups and encouraging farmers to work on their own individual lands (‘Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China’ 1994: 174). In the situation where Mao was taking lands from individuals, Deng changed things by offering lands to individuals who lost what they owned during Mao’s era. Another way that Deng adhered to Mao’s policies can be seen by how the Peasants were still not given ownership, but instead they were offered rights to cultivate and benefit from the products through leases. The offering of renewable leases is how Deng changed this policy so that he could further enhance incentives for the workers. Thus, even though they were unable to get ownership to the land, they were given an opportunity to farm on it as if it was their own. This is because they only had to give a little percentage of their products to the state.

The policy of Mao that offered employment to all in the lands as workers, and offered them economic security is also another one that Deng changed. This caused worry to many individuals as they now had to suffer from high rates of unemployment, as well as the increasing risk of economic insecurity. By changing the collective policy, individuals had to find employment on their own and live off their hard work.

The military policies of Mao are also another example that Deng adhered to, though after making some changes. He first started by encouraging the criticism of the Cultural Revolution that was triggered by Mao. The public soon resented the revolution, and this led to its end. It was later replaced by the “Beijing Spring” that enabled people to peacefully communicate their grievances over the period (Xu 2014: 184). This made the other politicians with positions in the revolution to be weakened, while also strengthening the positions of others who were suffering at the time.

Deng continued with Mao’s vision of making China a unique and universally respected country. He understood that for the country to achieve the expected development, it would also mean developing the whole world. Thus, he made an effort to make amendments with other countries. As a result of this, he traveled to the West where he held meetings with various leaders. The country’s relationship with Japan was also improved. It was as a result of these efforts that Deng managed to obtain Hong Kong back from Britain, and colony Macau from Portugal (Xu 2014: 188). Deng did not try to improve the country’s relationship with the Soviet Union (Dirlik 2012: 27). This is also another way that he adhered to Mao’s policy.

Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper Conclusion

The Mao era is very different from the Deng era in that the previous was greatly characterized by many problems. This however does not mean that it was all bad, as the reign of Mao also improved some conditions of the country. Deng managed to take Mao’s setbacks to his advantage as his first steps were to right the wrongs of this leader. Thus, the country managed to develop and improve economically and politically over a very short time. Just like any other leadership, Deng’s era was also challenged by various issues such as rise in unemployment rates, increased corruption that could not be controlled, and also misuse of fertile land. These, however, were not as great as the situation during the Mao era where workers felt misused, there was a decline in production, starvation, poor infrastructure, and also war where millions lost their lives.

Deng Era and Mao Era in China Essay Paper Bibliography

Chai, W 2003, ‘The Ideological Paradigm Shifts of China’s World Views: From Marxism-Leninism-Maoism to the Pragmatism-Multilateralism of the Deng-Jiang-Hu Era’, Asian Affairs: An American Review, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 163-175. <http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=d3238608-ea11-40de-9060-74d6e3644f51%40sessionmgr4004&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=11865825>

Chang, GG 2014, ‘China’s Third Era’, World Affairs, 177, 3, pp. 41-49, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014. <http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=6e8d5f2c-724f-4571-af58-f8eb9adf48a5%40sessionmgr4003&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d>

Dirlik, A 2012, ‘Mao Zedong in Contemporary Chinese Official Discourse and History’, China Perspectives, 2012, 2, pp. 17-27, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014.

<http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=bd6032d7-4f64-455e-b28e-95cbd3ebabd8%40sessionmgr4005&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=aph&AN=76590066>

Goldman, M 2009, ‘Repression of China’s Public Intellectuals in the Post-Mao Era’, Social Research, 76, 2, pp. 659-686, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014.

<http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=96a8d3f7-5a4f-451b-b263-2f2a40c46635%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d>

‘Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China: Political Reform in the Deng Xiaoping Era’ 1994, Foreign Affairs, 73, 3, p. 174, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014.

< http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=69aee3e5-900e-44ce-b7ee-d9adc1638adb%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=bth&AN=23847869>

Walder, A, & Litao, Z 2006, ‘Political Office and Household Wealth: Rural China in the Deng Era’, China Quarterly, 186, pp. 357-376, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014.

<http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=35b7ed42-d34f-48a8-8bee-8db7213c0b38%40sessionmgr4001&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d>

Xu, Z 2014, ‘Chinese Agrarian Change in World-Historical Context’, Science & Society, 78, 2, pp. 181-206, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014.

< http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?sid=d6ec62e3-2352-4c65-a9b9-fd38fd6f1ac2%40sessionmgr4002&vid=0&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d>

Zhang, W 2013, ‘Class Categories and Marriage Patterns in Rural China in the Mao Era’, Modern China, 39, 4, pp. 438-471, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 29 October 2014.

<http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=10&sid=a6dd812e-531b-4a3d-8c26-1e4744f01763%40sessionmgr4005&hid=4105&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d>

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American History Essay Paper Assignment

American History
American History

American History

American History Essay Paper

Order Instructions:

1) America Goes Dry with Prohibition (2:34)

http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibition?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/america-goes-dry-with-prohibition

Who was Carrie Nation?

After WWI support for Prohibition grew “by three factors”. What were these?

Prohibition is repealed in 1933, and what couple of Depression-era rationales supported the repeal?

2) The Harlem Renaissance (2:53)

http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/the-harlem-renaissance?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/the-harlem-renaissance

Why did many African-Americans migrate north to big cities around the time of WWI, according to the video?

What musical becomes a cross-over smash hit?

What caused the Harlem Renaissance to “fade”?

3) Many Moods of Al Capone (2:00)

http://www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos/the-many-moods-of-al-capone?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos/the-many-moods-of-al-capone

1) How did Capone and his mafia make money?

2) How was he a philanthropist?

3) List THREE other facts you found interesting about his life.

4) 1920s Inventions (1:34)

http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/1920s-inventions?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=2&free=false

www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/1920s-inventions

Besides refrigeration and penicillin, what where new inventions in the 1920s?

5) The Model T (3:18)

www.history.com/topics/model-t/videos#henry-ford-and-the-model-t

What did Ford take to an unprecedented scale?

How did Ford take better care of his employees than other industrialists?

For whom were Model T Fords built, making them different from cars in the past?

6) 1929 Stock Market Crash (2:25)

http://www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/1929-stock-market-crash?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/1929-stock-market-crash

What did banks do that regular people were also doing before the Crash?

What’s a bank run?

What happened to many, many thousands of people who were ready to retire?

7) Dust Storms Strike America (2:56)

http://www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/black-blizzard?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/black-blizzard

In what states (states not cities) does the Dust Bowl strike?

What “environmental cataclysm” brings on the Dust Bowl?

By 1936 how much money are farmers losing a day?
WW11
1) Describe the D-Day invastion. (Who invaded? Where? Why? How so?) [The best depiction of D-Day is the beginning of the Steven Spielberg film Saving Private Ryan. If you have time, watch this film or re-watch it.]

2) How did women in America help fight WWII? Specifically, who was “Rosie the River” and what did this character encourage women to do?

3) What was the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944? What was decided at this international meeting that propelled the US to the superpower it became?

4) What was the “GI Bill”? What all did it do for returning vets (and can you discern how these benefits would change life in the US for this generation)?

Be sure to know key terms and ideas from my posted notes, ok?

SAMPLE ANSWER

1920s

To conserve grain

Anti-Germany, sentiments against beer manufacture
Prohibition is repealed in 1933, and what couple of Depression-era rationales supported the repeal?

Great depression

Help farmers to sell grain to make alcohol

Government could get revenue by taxing alcohol brewers

2) The Harlem Renaissance (2:53)

http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/the-harlem-renaissance?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/the-harlem-renaissance

Why did many African-Americans migrate north to big cities around the time of WWI, according to the video?
Were renowned for what they did. Moved to explore and to lead better lives

Artist and intellectuals for artistic exploration
what musical becomes a crossover smash hit?
Shuffly music
What caused the Harlem Renaissance to “fade”?
Crush of stock market
3) Many Moods of Al Capone (2:00)

http://www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos/the-many-moods-of-al-capone?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/al-capone/videos/the-many-moods-of-al-capone

1) How did Capone and his mafia make money?
He worked in a bowling alley
2) How was he a philanthropist?
He created a citywide program and gave free milk to school kids
3) List THREE other facts you found interesting about his life.

He evaded tax

His gangs fall apart

Never convicted for the crimes

Was deaf and blind

4) 1920s Inventions (1:34)

http://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/1920s-inventions?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=2&free=false

www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/videos/1920s-inventions

Besides refrigeration and penicillin, what where new inventions in the 1920s?

Liquid fluid

Traffic signal

Radio networks

Regular television broadcast

Insulin injection

Automatic dish washer

5) The Model T (3:18)

www.history.com/topics/model-t/videos#henry-ford-and-the-model-t

www.history.com/topics/model-t/videos#henry-ford-and-the-model-t

What did Ford take to an unprecedented scale?

Invented gasoline that powered vehicle -automobile

How did Ford take better care of his employees than other industrialists?
Paid competitive wages
For whom were Model T Fords built, making them different from cars in the past?

Common man

6) 1929 Stock Market Crash (2:25)

http://www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/1929-stock-market-crash?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/1929-stock-market-crash

What did banks do that regular people were also doing before the Crash?
Speculating  stock prices
What’s a bank run?
A situation where depositors demand for their deposits in bank but the bank does not have money to give them
What happened to many, many thousands of people who were ready to retire?

They could not get their money as banks did not have  money
7) Dust Storms Strike America (2:56)

http://www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/black-blizzard?m=528e394da93ae&s=undefined&f=1&free=false

www.history.com/topics/1929-stock-market-crash/videos/black-blizzard

In what states (states not cities) does the Dust Bowl strike?
Colorado, New Mexico, Texas, Kansas and Oklahoma among others
What “environmental cataclysm” brings on the Dust Bowl?
Extensive deep plowing
By 1936 how much money are farmers losing a day? More than $1dollars

WW11

1)  Describe the D-Day invasion. (Who invaded? Where? Why? How so?) [The best depiction of D-Day is the beginning of the Steven Spielberg film Saving Private Ryan. If you have time, watch this film or re-watch it.]
The D-Day invasion occurred on 6 June 1944. The Allied forces invaded Germany at the seaborne. This invasion led to the restoration of French Republic as well provided contribution to Allied victory during the war.
2) How did women in America help fight WWII? Specifically, who was “Rosie the River” and what did this character encourage women to do?
They took the role of men who participated in the WWI.  Rosie the River was a woman that worked in factories that manufactured ammunitions and war equipment. She encouraged women to support their men counterparts and championed social movement that saw an increased number of women get jobs.
3) What was the Bretton Woods Conference in 1944? What was decided at this international meeting that propelled the US to the superpower it became?
Was a meeting that brought together delegates from 44 nations (Allied) at Mount Washington Hotel. Contributed to the formation of International Monetary Fund
4) What was the “GI Bill”? What all did it do for returning vets (and can you discern how these benefits would change life in the US for this generation)?
A law that provides various benefits to veterans that returned after World War II. The law allowed various benefits such as low interest rates for starting a business, low cost mortgages, expenses to attend university, vocational education of high school, cash benefits, one-year unemployment compensation.

The benefits would change the current General if they were provided. The veterans’ would be in a position to lead good lives as well further their education to impact on the society.

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The Illegitimacy of Chaplains in German Army in WWII

The Illegitimacy of Chaplains in German Army in WWII
The Illegitimacy of Chaplains in German Army in WWII

The Illegitimacy of Chaplains in German Army in WWII

Order Instructions:

Discussing the legitimacy of the WWII German Chaplains.
1.First, you will argue the illegitimacy of the German Chaplains from a historical and biblical basis.
2.Second, you will argue the legitimacy of the German Chaplains from a historical and biblical basis.

NO PLAGARISM OR COPYING PLEASE

SAMPLE ANSWER

The Illegitimacy of Chaplains in German Army in WWII

From a historical perspective, Chaplains in the German army served an illegitimate cause given the fact that they rendered their services to an army that became infamous for one of the most gruesome genocides in recent history. The traditional role of a Chaplain has always been to so to say ‘bless the cannons.’ What this means is that by working within the ranks of the German soldiers, they led their flock into believing that their work was sanctioned by God. This then served to tarnish the name of the Catholic church given that majority of them came from this Christian group.

From a Biblical point of view Chaplains in the German army is again illegitimized. This is because individuals in the Bible who served in roles tantamount to Chaplaincy served as the conscience of the army. This includes prophets like Samuel who ensured the soldiers adhered to their objective while maintaining a good moral standing. Evidence that emerged recently suggests that there were several incidents of murder of innocents and looting, activities that are obviously sinful and therefore condemned by scripture (Bergen, 2004).

Legitimacy of Christian Chaplains from a Historical and Biblical perspective

The fact that many of the soldiers in the Wehrmacht were serving away from home meant that it was necessary for them to continue being ministered to. Other than the distance factor the theater of war exposed them to many horrors that could have led anyone to have an acute spiritual crisis especially considering the fact that they had to come to terms with mortality first hand. As such it was essential for them to have someone minister to them, much in the same way prophets did in the Old Testament.

From a historical point of view they were very much legitimized with respect to the objective their government had. As much as it is unacceptable to many, the government was pushing a Nazi agenda and for this to work they needed to use all tools at their disposal. One of their most favored tools was propaganda. Having ‘men of the cloth’ among the ranks of soldiers helped to pacify their consciences and thus accomplish their objectives in the short run.

References

Bergen, Doris L. The Sword of the Lord: military chaplains from the first to the twenty-first century. Univ of Notre Dame Pr, 2004.

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Greek and Egyptian Kingship Myths Similarities

Greek and Egyptian Kingship Myths Similarities Order Instructions: Citation of Sources Used:

Greek and Egyptian Kingship Myths Similarities
Greek and Egyptian Kingship Myths Similarities

A list of works of reference and ancient sources actually consulted and found useful should be appended as a bibliography (this list is not included in the word-count). Additionally, all work from which you draw ideas should be fully referenced in your text. Citation of references and sources should conform to the guidelines set out in the document found in the link on the unit website: Guide: Bibliography and Footnoting.

Greek and Egyptian Kingship Myths Similarities Sample Answer Similarities and Differences between Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian Myths about Kingship

Mythology greatly influenced the cultures of ancient Greece and Egypt and it formed much of the starting point for ancient Egyptian religion. It also influenced or inspired many of ancient Egyptian Religion’s rituals and provided the ideological foundation for kingship. Signs and symbols from myth appeared in art in amulets, temples, and tombs. It is of note that much of Egyptian and Greek mythology comprises origin myths that explain the beginnings of different elements of the world such as natural phenomena and human institutions (Bremmer 2013, p. 13). In ancient Egyptian mythology, kingship is believed to have risen amongst the gods at the beginning of time and then passed on to the human pharaohs. In essence, divine kingship was a fundamental tenet in ancient Greece and ancient Egypt. This paper provides a discussion of the similarities between Ancient Greek and Ancient Egyptian myths regarding kingship. The differences are also discussed.

Similarities

Kings were considered as living gods in both ancient Egypt and Greek mythology

The majority of known Egyptian myths concern the nature as well as the origins of Kingship as the main topic of interest. Since Egypt had a lot of gods, Egyptians also had many myths. Some of these myths, for instance, those surrounding the Sun god, became key to the Egyptian religion particularly because of their relevance to Kingship (Antonio, Philip & Jane 2013, p. 257). A major similarity is that kings were considered as living gods according to both the Egyptian and Greek mythology. The ancient people of Egypt actually believed that their kings were living gods. A solar incarnation, the king of Egypt ruled as the Sun and manifested its powers. When he passed away, his divine soul rejoined the Sun, whilst the people buried his transfigured body inside a burial chamber wherein the drama of the sun’s nightly rebirth was actually reenacted. It is of note that by the time of the New Kingdom from the year 1570 BCE to 1070 BCE, the creed of divine kingship was highly sophisticated (Wilkinson 2007, p. 21). O’Connor and Silverman (2008, p. 75) stated that since the 2nd Intermediate Period, the dogma of the king as a god in ancient Egyptian mythology seeks to describe the way that a living being could actually achieve divine status. This doctrine might have originated in the union of Osiris with the dead king, or that of Horus and the living king. Similar to the ancient Egyptians, ancient Greeks also believed in divine kingship. Inseparable and twinned, both divine and human, the kings of Sparta were themselves descended from celestial twins (Sahlins 2011, p. 75).

There were two kings on the throne ruling at any one time in ancient Egypt and Greece

The king in Egypt was essentially the corporeal progeny of the Creator by a human woman – the Mother of God. At any one time, there always 2 kings on the Throne of Horus ruling simultaneously. There was the king who was mortal, and this king rose to power and ruled from the throne on behalf of all humankind. As a High Priest, this king made offerings to the gods for the sake of the people that he ruled (O’Connor & Silverman 2008, p. 77). The second king was the abstract king. This was essentially a theological conception and political symbol considered as the living incarnation of the immortal kingship; as both successor and heir to the gods on earth. This abstract king was the recipient of his own offerings. In general, these 2 facets of divine kingship were represented in just one God-man, a hybrid being with 2 natures – perfectly and inimitably suited to be the intermediary between the divine and human worlds (Antonio, Philip & Jane 2013, p. 257).

There was also dual kingship in ancient Greek mythology just like in Egyptian mythology. In Greek mythology, the kings were twinned and inseparable and the Greek kings were themselves descended from celestial twins. Therefore, the Greek diarchy was an empirical instantiation of the king’s 2 bodies – the dual kingship as an expression of sovereign twinship (Bremmer 2013, p. 64). The king of Sparta is believed to be the seed of the demigod son of Zeus. The dimensions of Spartan dual kingship, which is the Spartan diarchy, has 3 features that stand out in the descriptions left by Plutarch, Xenophon, Herodotus, and ancillary standard. (i) The divinity of the 2 kings: they had the exclusive association and identification with Castor, the Dioscuri, Polydeuces, and the sovereign god Zeus (Bremmer 2013, p. 66). (ii) The twinned or symmetrical nature of sovereignty: the 2 Spartan kings were merely distinguished by descent whilst otherwise the same in privilege, and they acted formally together. (iii) The universal extent of sovereignty: the two kings acted as sacrificial mediators between cosmos and culture, and their own lives were politically and ritually identified with the society. Their powers were marked by wealth and comprised sacerdotal and judicial facets, with a special highlighting on the protective or external-military functions of the Dioscuri and Zeus (Budin 2013, p. 55). The 3 aforementioned aspects of Spartan dual kingship are interconnected, and each of them is actually testimony to the other. In essence, each of the kings of Sparta is a double being. At every public feast, the kings were given a twice times more portion of everything. Budin (2013, p. 56) pointed out that Herodotus differentiated the religious occasions that involve consumption of the sacrifice, in which kings were served first, and two times as much of every dish as everybody else.

King represented people before the gods and was the link between the man world and divine

In both ancient Egypt and ancient Greece, the king represented the people before the gods, and it is the king who is usually portrayed worshipping the gods whilst crawling, kneeling, or standing. In making an offering to the gods, the Egyptian king has to secure Ma’at or order, which is mandatory for kings and gods. Moreover, in both Egyptian and Greek mythology, the king was considered as the only connection between the human world and the divine, and the representative of the heavenly gods on the earth (Budin 2013, p. 53).

In ancient Egypt, the king was so significant to the religion of Egypt that he was supposedly required to head all rites and ceremonies across Egypt simultaneously. The practical answer to this was that the king promoted members of his imperial family during the Old Kingdom, as well as nobles of his court so that they may actually represent him. This then became the Egyptian priesthood that in the end developed its own autonomy and titles in the New Kingdom (Antonio, Philip & Jane 2013, p. 259). In ancient Greece, the mythology comprised an array of heroes, monsters, demigods, and deities. These figures were known to inhabit a realm which stretched beyond the landscape of Greece to the palaces of the gods on Mount Olympus, and to the dull underworld.

In both, there was intermarriage and mating between members of the royal family to maintain the royal bloodline

O’Connor and Silverman (2008, p. 286) stated that the pharaohs of Egypt were strongly identified with the divine realm of the gods and they were thought to become divine beings when they died since they ascended into the sky to merge with the sun god. Nonetheless, in their lives, they were not always believed to be living gods. Instead, they were initially considered as the human holders of an office created and sustained by the gods. In essence, while the monarchy was divine, the monarchs were merely the selected instruments of the gods (Antonio, Philip & Jane 2013, p. 254). With time, the concept of a special connection with the gods became ever more closely related to the royal bloodline. The pharaohs came to be seen as semidivine who were indeed connected with the gods. As such, intermarriages took place amongst members of the pharaonic families – sister and brother, niece and uncle, or cousin and cousin – as the pharaohs wanted their offspring to inherit the semidivine bloodline from both the mother and the father (Daly & Rengel 2010, p. 65).

Theseus was a well-known king of Athens and was popular for his complex tasks such as to slay the Minotaur and to win the legendary Amazons in the siege of Athens. Theseus was a vital hero of the Greeks who combined wisdom, power, and strength, and he was believed to have had 2 divine origins. In essence, Theseus was Aegeus’ son, the king of Athens, and Aethera his wife (Ferrara 2012, p. 20). Worried that he had reached a particular age without any children, Aegeus went to Delphi to consult the Delphic oracle. Instead, he was informed of a prophesy that he could not comprehend. Therefore, as he returned home, he decided to pass through Troezen city and ask Pittheus, its king, for advice. Nonetheless, rather than supporting him, King Pittheus tricked him to impregnate Aethra his daughter so that she can bear him a child. In the same night however, Aethra had been earlier seduced by Poseidon, the Greek god. In this way, it was believed that King Theseus actually had 2 divine origins (Sahlins 2011, p. 71). As such, there was mating between father and daughter just as in Egyptian kingship.

 Differences

King seen as inviolable in Greek mythology

Unlike in the ancient Egyptian myth on kingship, the ancient Greek myth on kingship held that the Spartan king was inviolable. The royal privileges in Greece essentially allude to many consequence intimations of Zeus. For instance, during the war, the king was accompanied by a bodyguard that consisted of 100 men; bodyguards who would sooner suffer their own discredit than let the king be killed. Similarly, it was a greater dishonor for any soldier to fail to sacrifice himself for the Spartan king than to throw away his arms. Moreover, even the opponent feared to attack or kill a Spartan king (Budin 2013, p. 19). As such, in Sparta, the king’s person was really inviolable.

Unlike the ancient Egyptian king, the Greek king was seen as faultless

The body of the Spartan king was theoretically without imperfection. His conduct was also without fault. It of note that any physical defect in a likely inheritor or successor was a disqualification (Ferrara 2012, p. 81). The impeccability and perfection of the king was bound up with his role as the sacrifice for the kingdom, therefore with the king’s metonymic link to the god created via a victim who was similarly without blemish. The ancient Egyptian myths also differed from the Greek myths on kingship in that most Egyptians expected the king to take his religious duties very seriously, or else they may suffer disasters such as famine, or they may not have any chance of an afterlife (Bremmer 2013, p. 15).

Greek and Egyptian Kingship Myths Similarities References

Antonio J., M, Philip, J, & Jane A., H 2013, ‘8 Egyptian Kingship during the Old Kingdom’, University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology p. 257 Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press Project MUSE, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

Budin, S 2013, Intimate Lives Of The Ancient Greeks, Santa Barbara, California: Praeger, An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC, Discovery eBooks, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

Bremmer, JN 2013, Interpretations Of Greek Mythology, London: Routledge, Discovery eBooks, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

Daly, K, & Rengel, M 2010, Greek And Roman Mythology A To Z, New York: Facts On File, Discovery eBooks, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

Ferrara, A 2012, All About Greek Religion And Mythology, Delhi: University Publications, Discovery eBooks, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

O’Connor, D, & Silverman, D 2008, ‘Ancient Egyptian Kingship’, The Journal Of The American Oriental Society, 2, p. p286, Literature Resource Center, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

Sahlins, M 2011, Twin-born with Greatness: the Dual Kingship of Sparta. Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 1(1): 63-101

Wilkinson, TH 2007, The Egyptian World, London: Routledge, Discovery eBooks, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 October 2014.

Role of propaganda in World War One

Role of propaganda in World War One
Role of propaganda in World War One

Role of propaganda in World War One

Essay is on Propaganda in world war one: I will send you photos of what you have to do. please read this CAREFULLY.

1. Make sure you make up 10 questions and on the page put them in bullet point and explain them all. Example: 1.How did propaganda affect the war? blah blah blah 2. Did propaganda help bolster the army? blah blah blah etc…
2. You have to do a website evaluation: the information on that will be on one of the photos i will send you. look at out for it. ITS THE ONE THAT SAYS
WEBSITE EVALUATION and follow what it says to do i.e: Bibliographical details, Information about author, Summary of website, Quotes and then how useful it
was for the investigation.
3. You need to do a research task and this links back to the questions. You need to refer back to the questions and then answer them in notes from different sources. You need to get some notes from actual books, 2 sets of notes to be exact from books, the other notes need to be on the internet. one again do this in bullet point form. you will see what the page looks like when i send the photo to you. THE PAGE IS THE ONE THAT SAYS NOTES- WITH PAGE REFERENCE WITH SOURCE TO THE LEFT OF THAT. MAKE SURE YOU PUT THE WEBSITES OR BOOKS YOU USED OVER THE TOP OF THE SET OF NOTES AND USE THE HARVARD SYSTEM FOR THE
BIBLIOGRAPHY. Make sure the notes are like this:
Website/book:
Notes

For the next one repeat but with another book or website
Website/book:
Notes

*Make sure you are using the Harvard system bibliography way.
4. Do a 200 word reflection on how the project went: What topic did i choose? why did i choose this topic? what did  I learn? etc…

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Industrial economy after civil war Assignment

Industrial economy after civil war
Industrial economy after civil war

Industrial economy after civil war

Order Instructions:

1) “Industrial Economoy” After the Civil War:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6tRp-zRUJs&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=26 www.youtube.com/watch

a) What two inventions/technologies established during the Civil War increased “efficiency and productivity”?

b) A third of population boom from 1870 to 1900 was caused by what?

c) The government encouraged industrial growth with tariffs [taxes on foreign imports], land grants to railroads and what?

d) By 1913 the US produced what percentage of the world’s entire industrial output?

e) The railroad industry established the four time zones but how did railroads effect shopping/marketing/consumer business? (Hint: it’s part of the “Sears” story)

f) Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt?

g) What was Rockefeller’s industry and how did he create his empire?

h) Consumer prices dropped, which raised standards of living, but now there was more job…what? (starts with s) And what else that hurt the poor most?

i) About how many people died on the job per year on average in this age?

j) What was the first national union?

k) The membership of this union shrank over time because it had become unfortunately associated with what?

l) Who was Samuel L Gompers?

m) Social Darwinism argued the poor should be poor because…why?

n) This was the time when people started to argue that wealth inequality was the opposite of…what?

1) What was “manifest destiny” and how was it applied to the western frontier?

2) Who/what were “robber barons”/”captains of industry”? Give a couple of examples.

3) Who was Andrew Carnegie?

3) What is Social Darwinism?

4) What was Nativism?

5) What is a monopoly and trust?

6) Describe “vertical” and “horizontal” integration.

7) Share/describe an example of labor strife/strike during the Gilded Age, for example a picket or protest or strike. (For example, read about the railroad strike in your texts.)

8) What’s the difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?

9) What were “political machines” in big cities?

10) What did Bryan mean by a “cross of gold”? What was his political argument?

SAMPLE ANSWER

  • “Industrial Economy” After the Civil War
    a) What two inventions/technologies established during the Civil War increased “efficiency and productivity”? Financial system improvement that affected the national currency leading to improvement/ boost of telegram that improved communication of and construction of transcontinental Railway
    b) A third of population boom from 1870 to 1900 was caused by what? Immigration
    c) The government encouraged industrial growth with tariffs [taxes on foreign imports], land grants to railroads and what? Putting Native Americans on reservation
    d) By 1913 the US produced what percentage of the world’s entire industrial output? One third of industrial output.
    e) The railroad industry established the four time zones but how did railroads effect shopping/marketing/consumer business? (Hint: it’s part of the “Sears” story) Allowed shipment of jewelry and watches and other construction materials.
  1. f) Who was Cornelius Vanderbilt? Owners of the company/captain of the industries
    g) What was Rockefeller’s industry and how did he create his empire? He started as a clerk of Cleveland merchant and became the richest man in the world. Controlled 90 percent of the US oil industry
    h) Consumer prices dropped, which raised standards of living, but now there was more job…what? (starts with s) And what else that hurt the poor most? Security, booms and busts on the economy
    i) About how many people died on the job per year on average in this age? 35,000j) What was the first national union? Knights of labor
    k) The membership of this union shrank over time because it had become unfortunately associated with what? Haymarket riot in 1886
    l) Who was Samuel L Gompers? American federation of labor leader that focused on bread and butter issues such as pay for the workers
    m) Social Darwinism argued the poor should be poor because…why? Inherent evolutionary flaws, which enabled tycoons to sleep at night. The reason was that the tycoons owned the means of production and were a monopoly
    n) This was the time when people started to argue that wealth inequality was the opposite of…what? Success and failure, wealth and poverty
    1) What was “manifest destiny” and how was it applied to the western frontier? Manifest destiny was a term used to express the belief of the Anglo Saxon Americans to expand their civilization and institutions across the North American. It was applied to the western frontier to exemplify the unity of the Americans in its purpose and mission to expand its territories.
    2) Who/what were “robber barons”/”captains of industry”? Give a couple of examples. Robber barons were the people that owned industries and means of production in US. They included Cornelius Andrew, Vanderbilt ‘Re Me too’ Carnegie (Mellon), and Leland “I named my University son” Stanford
    3) Who was Andrew Carnegie? He was one of the rich men, owners of the company also capital of the industry
    3) What is Social Darwinism?  It meant that the theory of survival of fitness should be applied to people and corporationss of people. Big companies were fitter because there was nothing to fear of monopoly. Poor people were poor because of evolutionary flaws
    4) What was Nativism? Refers to policies or beliefs that protected or favored the interests of the native population at the expense of immigrants
    5) What is a monopoly and trust? Monopoly is a situation where, larger industries dominate the market killing smaller companies leading to exploitation due to lack of competition. Trust, on the other hand, are entities established for purposes of investment.6) Describe “vertical” and “horizontal” integration. Vertical integration is where the company owns its supply chain while horizontal integration is where a company acquires production output of other companies in the same industry
    7) Share/describe an example of labor strife/strike during the Gilded Age, for example a picket or protest or strike. (For example, read about the railroad strike in your texts.) An example of such strikes was the Great Strike that occurred in the 1877. The strike arose because of the pressures of economic depression. The powerful and big corporations such as railroad reduced the wages of their workers something that resulted to the strike. The strike affected many cities such as Chicago, St. Louis, West Virginia, Martinsburg and Pittsburgh that was highly affected.  At least 20 people died and 29 were wounded.

8) What’s the difference between the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor?  Knights of labor was the first inclusive movement to be formed as it  admitted unskilled workers, women, and children and were damaged in Haymarket 1886. While on the other hand, American Federation of Labor was formed mainly to agitate for pay issues, worker and safety. The movement workers were mostly iron and steel workers. AFL was formal federation as opposed to Knights Labor that was secretive.
9) What were “political machines” in big cities? Corporations (group of organized politicians) that sponsored elective leaders to get avenues to engage in corrupt deals through government contracts.
10) What did Bryan mean by a “cross of gold”? What was his political argument? He meant the suffering of the citizens due to challenges in the currency system. His political argument was that the government was not doing its best to stabilize the economy to ensure that farmers, industrial workers, and miners lead bett

Reference

Green, J. (2014). Industrial Economy: crash course US history. Retrieved from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r6tRp-            zRUJs&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=26

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Westward Expansion (Questions and Answers)

Westward Expansion
Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion

Order Instructions:

1)  “Westward Expansion”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q16OZkgSXfM&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s
a)     Turner argued that the great frontier is responsible for generating American ideals such as individualism, political democracy, and what?
b)    Most frontier people did go out as individuals but rather as what?
c)     Many states almost went bankrupt financing what?
d)    What arose around South Dakota among Native Americans?
e)     About when did all Indian wars end Natives defeated?
f)     The Dawes Act of 1887 did what?
g)    How many acres of land did the Native Americans ultimately lose as a result?
h)    What happened to Native children in boarding schools?
i)      Why did cowboys drive herds of cattle to specific places like Abiline and Dodge City?
j)      Farming families were growing crops like WHAT to compete internationally in markets?

How do you see the New South having evolved to its potential (or to less than its potential) in its heartland, Atlanta/GA?
uSE ONLY THIS BOOK (AMERICAS HISTORY,VOLUME 2,SEVENTH EDITION

2)  “Growth, Cities, Immigration“:

a)     Why did so many people move to places like Nebraska to farm profitably?
b)    By the 1890s what was the second largest city in the US (after New York)?
c)     When the Irish immigrated in large masses, immigrants from what other European nation also came in large numbers?  (hint, beer)
d)    The next wave of immigrants, however, during the turn of the century, came from what parts of Europe?
e)     What religions did these new immigrants tend to embrace?
f)     In several cases, the Supreme Court had to order San Francisco to do what?
g)    How many days did it take to arrive in the US from Europe via new passenger ships?
h)    Why did cities like New York pass laws requiring minimum light and ventilation in buildings and neighborhoods?
i)      In Gilded Age cities, the rich and poor lived…how?  (vis-à-vis each other)

3)  “Gilded Age Politics“:

a)      Mark Twain coined what term/phrase that labeled this era?
b)     What was Tammany Hall?
c)      How many dollars did Tammany Hall get for every dollar a contractor received?
d)      What did Tammany Hall politicians expect in return for helping people?
e)      Under Grant, the Credit Mobilier scandal involved what crimes/breaches of ethics?
f)      In the West, farmers became politically active over what issue?
g)     Why did farmers establish The Grange Movement in the 1870s?
h)     All the farming movements eventually merged into what political party?
i)      What were THREE things this party wanted?  (Hint: among everything on the animated chalk board)
j)      So Populist were some western states that they even let who vote??
k)     What issue would lead to the demise of this party because of fears of inflation?
l)      William Jennings Bryan once gave a famous speech saying the US was “crucified on a cross of…” what?
m)    Who gave McKinley an unprecedented amount of money to campaign?

SAMPLE ANSWER

Westward Expansion (questions and answers)

1)  “Westward Expansion”
a)     Turner argued that the great frontier is responsible for generating American ideals such as individualism, political democracy, and what?  Economic mobility
b)    Most frontier people did go out as individuals but rather as what? They went as part of the immigrant groups.
c)     Many states almost went bankrupt financing what?  Railway construction
d)    What arose around South Dakota among Native Americans?  Ghost dance movement
e)     About when did all Indian wars end Natives defeated?  1890.
f)     The Dawes Act of 1887 did what?  Helps in reverting Indians land back to individual families as opposed to tribes
g)    How many acres of land did the Native Americans ultimately lose as a result? 86million acres
h)    What happened to Native children in boarding schools? Indians were forcefully removed from families to boarding schools to be taught English
i)      Why did cowboys drive herds of cattle to specific places like Abiline and Dodge City? Because of the presence of railroad and availability of meat processing plant
j)      Farming families were growing crops like WHAT to compete internationally in markets?
Wheat and corn
*How do you see the New South having evolved to its potential (or to less than its potential) in its heartland, Atlanta/GA?

New South expanded and evolved achieving success in different spheres. The region has come to embrace cohesion as whites and blacks coexist. This has helped to achieve equality as all the citizens regardless of their color have equal rights such as rights to elect their preferred candidates as well as access to different job openings on a competitive level. The economy of the region has also improved to greater levels because of participation of all the citizens regardless of their races (Henretta, Edwards & Self, 2011).  Farming has expanded into commercialization. Industrialization expanded the number of land. Irrigation and agrochemical was embraced in farming.  Large corporations have taken charge in farming contributing to expansion of the markets.  Trade expansion caters for the expanding international markets.

2)  “Growth, Cities, Immigration”:  

a)     Why did so many people move to places like Nebraska to farm profitably? To take advantage of the thriving agriculture-golden age. Demand of agricultural products increased because of increase in number of cities.
b)    By the 1890s what was the second largest city in the US (after New York)? Chicago
c)     When the Irish immigrated in large masses, immigrants from what other European nation also came in large numbers?  (hint, beer) Germany
d)    The next wave of immigrants, however, during the turn of the century, came from what parts of Europe? Italy, Russia. Austria-Hungary
e)     What religions did these new immigrants tend to embrace? Jews and Christians
f)     In several cases, the Supreme Court had to order San Francisco to do what? Grant Chinese operant licenses to operate, American born Chinese of Americans were entitled to American citizenship
g)    How many days did it take to arrive in the US from Europe via new passenger ships?  8-12 days
h)    Why did cities like New York pass laws requiring minimum light and ventilation in buildings and neighborhoods?  Conditions in the city were very bad. The cities had many pick-pocketers
i)      In Gilded Age cities, the rich and poor lived…how?  (vis-à-vis each other)
Hard to make ends meet lives. The rich and poor were in close proximity. The gap between rich and poor was visible between these two groups of people.

3)  “Gilded Age Politics”:
 a)      Mark Twain coined what term/phrase that labeled this era? Gilded age, ‘the tell of today”
b)     What was Tammany Hall?  Political machine house mandated with the duties of helping democratic politicians ascend to power. It was known for perpetrating corruption
c)      How many dollars did Tammany Hall get for every dollar a contractor received?  2 dollars
d)      What did Tammany Hall politicians expect in return for helping people? Expected votes to make them stay in power to take charge of contracts.
e)      Under Grant, the Credit Mobilier scandal involved what crimes/breaches of ethics? Overcharging the public for construction cost, siphoning of profits from Credit Mobilier, bribery of congress men, more partisan as speakers and republican were implicated, whisky ring scandal, tax evasion by reducing the number of bottles.
f)      In the West, farmers became politically active over what issue?  Freight/rail rates
g)     Why did farmers establish The Grange Movement in the 1870s?   To establish fair railway rates  and warehouse charges
h)     All the farming movements eventually merged into what political party? People party
i)      What were THREE things this party wanted?  (Hint: among everything on the animated chalk board)

Government ownership of railway, graduated income tax, recognition of rights of laborer to form unions, government control of currency and free coinage of silver to produce more money
j)      So Populist were some western states that they even let who vote?? Women
k)     What issue would lead to the demise of this party because of fears of inflation? Inflation of silver.
l)   William Jennings Bryan once gave a famous speech saying the US was “crucified on a cross of…” what? Gold
m)    Who gave McKinley an unprecedented amount of money to campaign? Business class

Reference

Henretta, J., Edwards, R., & Self, R. (2011). America’s History, Volume 2: Since 1865 Paperback, US; Bedford/St. Martin’s Publisher.

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Washington’s Farewell Address Essay

Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington’s Farewell Address

Washington’s Farewell Address

Order Instructions:

For this assignment, you will analyze the major points of George Washington’s “Farewell Address” and write a 3-page analysis, considering contemporary government and including differing points of view.

Your analysis must adhere to the following specifications:
• No more than 3 double-spaced pages (12-point font with 1-inch margins).
• Must include a title page (not counted in total page number) that contains:
o A title,
o Your name,
o Your section (GOVT 200-S02),
o Your instructor’s name, and
o The date the assignment is due (all single-spaced in the footer of the cover page).
• No page number is necessary for the cover page or for the first page in the body of the paper.
• Pay particular attention to the grading rubric for how your paper will be graded.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Washington’s Farewell Address 

George Washington was a prudent man endowed with acerbic wits; in 1796 he gave a farewell address to tell the elector’s that he would rather retire than accept another term as the U.S President. Washington gave sound judgments in all things, and just before his retirement he gave the famous farewell address highlighting the defects that he thought would be detrimental to American liberty. Having worked in a republican government he was thoroughly acquainted with its workings, and he knew ways in which it could be misused.

From the beginning of his address, George Washington seeks to defend a well-built, central government.  The point he was passing across was not that autocratic governance would usurp power from the citizens and impose its will on them but rather a sturdy system that would shelter the citizenry and make sure that their liberties are protected (SENATE DOCUMENT NO. 106–21, WASHINGTON, 2000). He requested the Americans to be united in purpose and have a feel of oneness; he wanted them to feel as though they belonged to one nation irrespective of the states they come from. Washington also wanted to reinforce the power of the newly implemented constitution which safeguards individual welfare and the rights of the U.S citizens. He knew united Americans would be strong; but alienation would make them weak and vulnerable (Ellis, 2001).

The other element that Washington addressed was the harm that political parties would precipitate. Since every person would seek to back his identity with his state and background, there were high chances that regional parties would tear down federal unity. Union in his terms is considered as the main strut of individual liberty; he challenged the Americans to preserve each other through bonds of love. In the modern America unity has been sustained but the regional parties as Washington feared are the very vehicles that threaten the future American unanimity (SENATE DOCUMENT NO. 106–21, WASHINGTON, 2000).  George Washington hated parties and wanted them thrown out, although to the modern thinker this kind of approach serves to throttle democracy and cannot be accepted in the modern American society. Nonetheless, Washington did not hate the parties per se he feared that selfish individuals would use parties as vehicles of disrupting unity in order to take power for themselves.

The manner in which the democrats and the republicans compete displays the spirit of revenge that George Washington prophesied long time ago. Despotism has been rampant in the party politics as one party seeks to exert itself, or by implementing policies intended to serve one ideology over the whole nation. Washington foretold that when people became disorderly and miserable they would seek security and recline in the unconditional power of the party leader (SENATE DOCUMENT NO. 106–21, WASHINGTON, 2000). For instance, the terrorist revolt compelled George Bush to take more power than the presidents had before. Economic down times also pushed Barrack Obama to add to the presidential power. In these two cases, the leading parties accorded presidents’ power through great lenience in what they did. As the U.S citizenry continue to support the dynamic rivalry between the national parties they allow them to groom powerful figures who take advantage of the citizens.

Creating powerful presidents poses a great danger as it could give hem liberties to change the constitution and this could compromise on the rights and privileges of the U.S citizens. Washington wanted the U.S citizens to have mutual checks that would ensure that political power is not abused; this could only be achieved if political power was distributed into diverse depositaries, ordaining each to be the guardian of the public weal against attack by the others. He urged political leaders to be guided by religion and morality. A people guided by religious morals could not abuse power or bring disunity.

He urged the leaders to use public credit sparingly; this would help Americans to minimize debt accumulation. In the past, America operated with a balanced budget and balanced credit but in the modern U.S the nation lives beyond its means. The loss of good credit could essentially compromise the American liberty. In order to have peaceful existence America was advised to observe good faith and justice towards all nations at the same time cultivating harmony with all; these elements could only be attained through morality and religion. Liberty could be perpetually attained by keeping away from foreign powers. But there is a notable aversion for Iraq and fealty for China amongst the Americans that contravenes Washington’s wisdom.

George Washington gave Americans a blueprint for enhancing liberty. He illuminated the core things that could pose a threat to the American freedom such as regional and ideological factions, power seekers, foreign debts and commercial entanglements (Gilbert, 1965). Currently, America faces each of the named threats.  Washington came from a unique viewpoint. He had thorough knowledge of what it felt like to live under repressive regime. Being amongst the founding fathers of the nation since its conception and infancy. Washington saw how the power moved and how its patterns worked, so he was well-positioned to predict the outcome of power play. Washington considered it his duty to warn the Americans so that they don’t fall into despair and lose their liberties (Ellis, 2001). Gradually, the U.S leadership let Washington’s waning slide, today the many things he predicted are happening. Americans now have a duty to listen and act and pursue the path that our founding fathers etched for us.

References

Ellis, J., J. (2001) Founding Brothers:  The Revolutionary Generation.  New York

Gilbert, F. (1965). The Beginnings of American Foreign Policy:  To the Farewell Address.  New York: 1965.

SENATE DOCUMENT NO. 106–21, WASHINGTON (2000). Washington’s Farewell Address to the People of the United States. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO-CDOC-106sdoc21/pdf/GPO-CDOC-106sdoc21.pdf

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Developments from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment

Developments from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment
Developments from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment

Developments from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment

Order Instructions:

***PLEASE WRITE FOR 2ND YEAR UNDERGRADUATE LEVEL.***

ESSAY TASK:
Briefly outline the developments from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, as given in course notes. Summarise the main points that Kant made in his essay “What is Enlightenment?” How did Hamann criticise Kant? Do you think Hamann’s criticism is fair? Briefly justify your answer.

Reading:
*Notes on the Renaissance and the Enlightenment
*“What is Enlightenment?” by I. Kant
*Criticism of Kant

All these readings have been uploaded to the order.

SAMPLE ANSWER

Developments from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment

The beginning of the Renaissance period dates to the 14th century in Florence Italy as an attempt to return to the ancient world when Rome dominated. Among the greatest developments during this period was the architecture that was artistic and full of architectural wonders predominantly in Rome. The emergence of among the greatest artists that the world has known occurred during this period such as Michel Angelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci (Evans & Marr, 2006). The perception or art during this period changed especially relating to the way the human body was artistically depicted. The human body was pictured as being flattering and in a more positive view and its beauty emphasized compared to the medieval times. Due to the Ancient Greek and Roman sculptures influence, the human body’s nudity was depicted in a positive note in art (Belshek, 2006). This beautiful and noble depiction of the human body led to the development of the humanism movement. Humanists believed that humans were special and at the centre of everything. They believed humans were in charge and responsible for their destiny (West, 2010).

Plato, a celebrated scientist and thinker at the time who was also a humanist believed and emphasized on the power of human reasoning and believed that humans, using their reasoning abilities could unveil critical truths. This is different from the medieval people who emphasized the importance of faith and acquiring knowledge from the Bible (West, 2010). The belief in human reasoning resulted into the scientific revolution during this period. With the emergence of Thomas Aquinas’ book Summa Theologica and the increased confidence of the human abilities people changed their perception about the once infallible ideas of Aristotle. They conducted scientific observations, investigations, and experiments, and experimental methods were developed by Galileo Galilei and Isaac Newton developed the laws of motion and gravity that are used up to date (Fitzpatrick, 2004).

A strong belief in the human abilities and power of reasoning persisted and grew, and it spread from the scholars to the larger society hence the period of enlightenment. During this period, there was a strong belief that human beings using their reasoning powers could understand the universe, nature, and human nature (Fleischacker, 2013). There was increasing application of science and reasoning (the optimistic idea) that resulted to a better understanding of the universe with the most important development being the compilation of the encyclopedia mostly done by Denis Diderot (Zafirovski, 2010).

Main Points that Kant Made in His Essay

According to Kant, a person becomes enlightened when he/she grows out of an immaturity that is usually self-imposed. Immaturity according to him is the inability of an individual to use his/her understanding without being guided by another person. For Kant, immaturity is self-imposed due to the fear of using one’s understanding without being helped by someone else (Goldman, 2011). Laziness and being cowardly maintain immaturity and due to such qualities other people become guardians or authority figures on certain people. These authority figures warn the subjects of the dangers that exist if they do not seek their help and tell the people below them that achieving maturity is dangerous and difficult hence frighten and deter people from pursuing maturity. He laments that often, people find it difficult to free themselves from immaturity and become content with this state. He argues that rules, regulations, and formulas keep people stuck in the state of immaturity, and a person who attempts to go against the rules would be walking towards maturity as he/she is not accustomed to such free movement (Morgan, 2002).

According to Kant, very few people have managed to come out of the state of immaturity and they have done this through the cultivation of their minds. For him, freedom (to use reason publicly) is the only remedy for enlightenment that is the use of reason by a scholar before the literate world. It is only the public use of freedom that can generate enlightenment since private reason is often restricted to the point where it does not hamper the process of enlightenment (Tampio, 2012). Therefore, freedom is required for enlightenment and people should express their thoughts freely. Through the spread of information and ideas people can become their own guardians as they will possess the components required to be a guardian. By allowing the freedom to think, ideas can be spread that will push others to think for themselves (Tampio, 2012).

Criticism of Kant

According to Hamann by arguing that people should develop freedom of thought Kant was at the same interfering with the freedom of people to think by influencing their thought process. Hamann argues that in some instances people may not want to think for themselves and hence accept the rules and regulation set by the guardians and the authority out of choice (Beech, 2010). Hamann feels that by Kant arguing that people should freely and publicly use their ability to he is limiting the people’s choice to do what they want that is follow rules. Therefore, Kant was objecting the use of the Aristocratic bible and other books as rules for living and thinking. However, he was at the same time setting himself up in the position of this books by interfering with the people’s thought process and restrict them to his idea hence maintenance of immaturity (Goldman, 2011).

Hamann’s criticism is not fair because from Kant’s argument; he did not tell people to follow his thought process, but encouraged them to use their freedom of thinking and their reasoning ability. Therefore, for example, if someone chose to follow the rules that exist, let that person follow them after critically thinking about the rules and not just blindly. Kant encourages people to think before making a choice to do something not restricts people (Beech, 2010)

References

Beech, T. J. (2010). Hamann’s Prophetic Mission: A Genetic Study of Three Late Works Against the Enlightenment. London, United Kingdom: MHRA.

Belshek, J. A. (2006). New Castle University. Retrieved June 29, 2014, from New Castle  University Web site: http://research.ncl.ac.uk/ARECLS/vol3_documents/jalalali.pdf

Evans, R. J., & Marr, A. (Eds.). (2006). Curiosity and Wonder from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment. Burlington, VT, United States of America: Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.

Fitzpatrick, M. (Ed.). (2004). Enlightenment World. New York, NY, United States of America: Psychology Press.

Fleischacker, S. (2013). What is Enlightenment? Abingdon, Oxon, United States of America:        Routledge.

Goldman, A. (2011). Kant and the Subject of Critique: On the Regulative Role of the  Psychological Idea. Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America: Indiana  University Press.

Morgan, D. (2002). Kant Trouble: Obscurities of the Enlightened. New York, NY, United States of America: Routledge.

Tampio, N. (2012). Kantian Courage:Advancing the Enlightenment in Contemporary  Political Theory: Advancing the Enlightenment in Contemporary Political Theory.United States of America: Fordham Univ Press.

West, D. (2010). Continental Philosophy: An Introduction (2nd ed.). Malden, MA, United            States of America: Polity.

Zafirovski, M. (2010). The Enlightenment and Its Effects on Modern Society. Denton, Texas, United States of America: Springer Science & Business Media.

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