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Health Care Financial Reform Proposal Assignment

Health Care Financial Reform Proposal
      Health Care Financial Reform Proposal 

Health Care Financial Reform Proposal Assignment

Order Instructions:

Due Date: Oct 30, 2016 23:59:59 Max Points: 105
Details:
Write a paper (1,000-2,000 words) on what you think should be included in a future reform of the health care system, focusing on financial operating changes that would improve efficiency and provide for improved transparency to the public. Include three to five research/references to support your position.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%

2
Less Than Satisfactory
65.00%

3
Satisfactory
75.00%

4
Good
85.00%

5
Excellent
100.00%

80.0 %Content

60.0 % Essay on Future Health Care Reform Issue Focusing on Financial Operating Changes That Would Improve Efficiency and Provide for Transparency (Include reference material to support your position.)

Does not demonstrate an understanding of the business concepts involved in the issue, including the implications. Does not address a health care reform issue as specified in the assignment. Does not demonstrate critical thinking and analysis of the situation, and does not develop effective answers to the questions, with rationale.

Demonstrates only minimal understanding of the business concepts involved in the issue. Only minimally addresses a health care reform issue as specified in the assignment. Demonstrates only minimal abilities for critical thinking and analysis of the case study, and develops weak answers to the questions, with minimal rationale.

Demonstrates knowledge of the business concepts involved in the issue, but has some slight misunderstanding of the implications. Satisfactorily addresses a health care reform issue from a financial focus as specified in the assignment. Provides a basic idea of critical thinking and analysis for the questions, answers, and rationale. Does not include examples or descriptions.

Demonstrates acceptable knowledge of the business concepts involved in the issue. Satisfactorily develops a health care reform issue from a financial focus as specified in the assignment. Develops an acceptable response and rationale for it. Utilizes some examples.

Demonstrates thorough knowledge of the business concepts involved in the issue, and their implications. Thoroughly develops a health care reform issue from a financial focus as specified in the assignment. Clearly answers the questions and develops a very strong rationale. Introduces appropriate examples.

20.0 % Integrates Information From Outside Resources into the Body of Paper

Does not use references, examples, or explanations.

Provides some supporting examples, but minimal explanations and no published references.

Supports main points with examples and explanations.

Supports main points with explanations and examples. Application and description is direct, competent, and appropriate of the criteria.

Supports main points with references, examples, and full explanations of how they apply.

17.0 %Organization and Effectiveness

6.0 % Thesis Development and Purpose

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; purpose is not clear.

Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to purpose.

Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

6.0 % Paragraph Development and Transitions

Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. No apparent connections between paragraphs are established. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. Organization is disjointed.

Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident.

Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in organization and/or in their relationships to each other.

A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are appropriate to purpose.

There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.

5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (Includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use.)

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present, but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

Prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

3.0 %Format

3.0 % Paper Format (1- inch margins; 12-point-font; double-spaced; Times New Roman, Arial, or Courier)

GCU template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

GCU template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

GCU template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

GCU template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

100 % Total Weightage

SAMPLE ANSWER

Health Care Financial Reform Proposal

Introduction

Financial issues and reforms are the most sophisticated subject in health care based on cost, flexibility, vulnerability, spur innovation and deteriorating federal budget. The financial health care reform ought to reduce projected fiscal deficits, ensure comprehensive insurance coverage at affordable and flexible cost. The analysis presented in this paper provides a set of policies and strategies that focus specifically on how health care financial reforms can be remodeled or modernized to deliver more quality services at affordable, flexible and inclusive coverage Niessen & Rutten, 2000). Alongside strategies and policy proposal, health care reforms budgetary neutrality options are provided to guarantee health care reform implementation. For a comprehensive and incremental reform, focusing on individual-market reform, tax credits and subsidies reform, universal vouchers and Medicare reforms proposal consideration would the main themes analyzed (Halfon & Rodgers, 2014).

Although financial health care reforms are being considered as a work in progress, clear health care reform outline is necessary is necessary to make the current health insurance more flexible and affordable. Financial health care reforms can be attained by combined reduction of current public program expenditures such as Medicare and new revenues. Dissatisfied with the current health care system, financing health care reforms can be obtained from traditional savings especially be reducing the excessive relative cost on public program expenditures. Traditional saving for health care financing reforms in public programs aims at reducing the cost paid to health care providers such as clinician during health care delivery (Cissé & Moatti, 2007). Traditional saving enables effective allocation of resources for productivity improvement and competitive bidding thereby reducing unnecessary health care expenditures. Similarly, obtaining additional revenues outside and within health care reforms can assist in financing health care reforms where additional funds are extracted from income-based organizations such as alcohol and tobacco. Modernizing the healthcare delivery system through Medicare reform, individual market reform and tax credits and subsidies promote effective health care reforms based on payment savings. Health care modernization allows long-term cost saving, improved quality of health care and shared savings based on administrative and operational efficiencies (Cissé & Moatti, 2007).

Health system transformation based on improved infrastructure such as comparative effective research and health information technology assist in the reduction of administrative and operation spending to support health care systems. The health information technology has to ensure payment reforms especially based on quality care and accountability. Besides, comparative effective research federal funding has to ensure dissemination and measure of health care information meet affordable and quality services (Cissé & Moatti, 2007). In this regard, empowering health care consumers and health professionals to implement appropriate healthcare decisions that repeal the current health care system filled with budget gimmicks, special interests handouts as well as increased tax. From the health care consumer’s perspective, financial health care reform involves provision of price and quality health care reform information that create cost-sharing adjustments to promote utilization of affordable and valuable health care services. Similarly, professional health empowerment can be achieved through loosening restrictions based on their scope of practice to promote full range utilization of skills and efficiency (Cissé & Moatti, 2007).

Comparatively, transforming the payment systems to reward health care values over the volume. Thus, the public will be provided with more heath choices at greater flexibility and affordable costs. Consequently, modernizing the financial health systems would change the nation health system from being too expensive and bureaucratic to provision more quality health options.  Medicare reform through payment innovations would create more opportunities such as quality improvement and cost saving leading to raising more shares savings in the health sector (Niessen & Rutten, 2000). According to the health reforms experts, payment innovations achieved through the transformation of the payment system of health care based on rewards and values encourage coordination and collaboration among the health professionals resulting in regular public reporting, transparency, and accountability within the health care systems. Besides, the innovative arrangement enables organizational reforms where there is widely acceptance and adoption of a health Care financial reform proposal (Niessen & Rutten, 2000).

Protecting and preserving Medicare enable the majority of individuals living with disabilities to access affordable health care sustainably. Therefore, granting greater choices of health care for the future generation. Medicare services demand expansion at higher rates drag the health care security at significant risks as the future health care cost would more inflexible and unaffordable. Legislative implementation of Medicare Decision Accountability Act will ensure preservation and protection of the Medicare programs at minimum tax rates (Halfon & Rodgers, 2014). Besides, it’s necessary to repeal the Independent Payment Advisory Board (IPAB) decisions to cut down health care budget leading to political threats for the future generations. Alternatively, simplifying the traditional health care policies (Medicare Program) reduces administrative cost as well as promotes coordination of attention. Reducing the traditional health care complexities by combining the health care programs parts into a single deductible as well as uniform coinsurance enable preservation and protection of healthcare programs (Cissé & Moatti, 2007).

Retargeting health care credits and subsidies to individuals who need it most especially the poor generations’ increases health insurance coverage for the entire population. Consequently, the government must address the impacts of the current health care policies on the younger generations who save for their retirement benefits while raising their families based on their tax subsidies and spending Niessen & Rutten, 2000). For this reason, resetting health care(Medicare Program) eligibility age takes into account of demographic, social and economic consideration where the average life expectancy for the entire population changes with time. Resetting the health care programs based on eligibility age has to be accompanied by integration of competitive and traditional health care programs into a single workable program. Thus, health care financial reforms should be accompanied by an expansion of economic systems based on intensive innovation and competition for health care plans. Besides, regional competitive bidding would allow government contributions to roll or rebate funds to a health saving account thereby allowing risk-adjustment mechanisms (Niessen & Rutten, 2000; Niessen & Rutten, 2000).

Conclusion

The health care financial reform Proposal described above served as a turning point in transforming the current health care system into affordable, flexible and innovate health care reform. Therefore, adopting and implementing the proposed strategies and policies would be able to reduce government regulations and bureaucracy into competing for health plan with new benefits and opportunities. Besides, the proposed policies would stimulate progressive improvement and innovation achieved through administrative and operational payment manipulations. Lastly, the proposal would significantly eliminate special interest groups and micromanagement that would likely to hinder the health care financial reform strategies and policies.

References

Cissé, B., Luchini, S., & Moatti, J. P. (2007). Progressivity and horizontal equity in health care finance and delivery: What about Africa?. Health policy, 80(1), 51-68.

Halfon, N., Long, P., Chang, D. I., Hester, J., Inkelas, M., & Rodgers, A. (2014). Applying a 3.0 transformation framework to guide large-scale health system reform. Health Affairs, 33(11), 2003-2011.

Niessen, L. W., Grijseels, E. W., & Rutten, F. F. (2000). The evidence-based approach in health policy and health care delivery. Social science & medicine, 51(6), 859-869.

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Capital Purchase Justification and Development

Capital Purchase Justification and Development Order Instructions: Write a justification for capital purchase (800-1000 words) to your vice president as to why the purchase would be a good investment for the hospital.

Capital Purchase Justification and Development
Capital Purchase Justification and Development

Include a one-page executive summary for your proposal. The paper should include the operating costs you took into consideration, what facility considerations are involved regarding this new piece of equipment and future benefits to the organization of this piece of equipment.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the GCU Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center

1
Unsatisfactory
0.00%

2
Less than Satisfactory
65.00%

3
Satisfactory
75.00%

4
Good
85.00%

5
Excellent
100.00%

80.0 %Content

55.0 % Justification For Capital Purchase

Does not provide justification for the capital purchase. No explanation as to why the purchase would be a good investment for the hospital. Does not address the operating costs you took into consideration, what facility considerations are involved regarding this new piece of equipment, and future benefits to the organization of this piece of equipment. Subject knowledge is not demonstrated.

Provides only a minimal justification for capital purchase with little explanation as to why the purchase would be a good investment for the hospital. Only a few of the following are addressed with minimal detail; the operating costs you took into consideration, what facility considerations are involved regarding this new piece of equipment and future benefits to the organization of this piece of equipment. Subject knowledge is unclear, inconsistent.

Provides basic justification for capital purchase with little explanation as to why the purchase would be a good investment for the hospital. Several of the following are addresses with basic detail; the operating costs you took into consideration, what facility considerations are involved regarding this new piece of equipment and future benefits to the organization of this piece of equipment. Some subject knowledge is evident.

Provides thorough justification for capital purchase with the thoughtful explanation as to why the purchase would be a good investment for the hospital. Several of the following are addressed in detail; the operating costs you took into consideration, what facility considerations are involved regarding this new piece of equipment and future benefits to the organization of this piece of equipment. Subject knowledge is evident.

Provides thorough knowledge justification for capital purchase with the elaborate explanation as to why the purchase would be a good investment for the hospital. Clearly addresses the operating costs you took into consideration, what facility considerations are involved regarding this new piece of equipment and future benefits to the organization of this piece of equipment. Introduces appropriate examples.

25.0 % Integrates Information From Outside Resources Into the Body of Paper

Does not use appropriate references as required by the assignment, examples, or explanations.

Provides some supporting examples, but minimal explanations and no appropriate published references as required by the assignment.

Supports main points with examples and explanations, but fails to include published references, as required by the assignment, to support claims and ideas.

Supports main points with references, explanations, and examples. Application and description are direct, competent, and appropriate of the criteria. Includes appropriate references as required by the assignment.

Supports main points with references as required by the assignment, examples, and full explanations of how they apply.

17.0 %Organization and Effectiveness

6.0 % Thesis Development and Purpose

Paper lacks any discernible overall purpose or organizing claim.

Thesis and/or main claim are insufficiently developed and/or vague; the purpose is not clear.

Thesis and/or main claim are apparent and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis and/or main claim are clear and forecast the development of the paper. It is descriptive and reflective of the arguments and appropriate to the purpose.

Thesis and/or main claim are comprehensive; contained within the thesis is the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.

6.0 % Paragraph Development and Transitions

Paragraphs and transitions consistently lack unity and coherence. No apparent connections between paragraphs are established. Transitions are inappropriate to purpose and scope. The organization is disjointed.

Some paragraphs and transitions may lack logical progression of ideas, unity, coherence, and/or cohesiveness. Some degree of organization is evident.

Paragraphs are generally competent, but ideas may show some inconsistency in the organization and/or in their relationships to each other.

A logical progression of ideas between paragraphs is apparent. Paragraphs exhibit a unity, coherence, and cohesiveness. Topic sentences and concluding remarks are appropriate to the purpose.

There is a sophisticated construction of paragraphs and transitions. Ideas progress and relate to each other. Paragraph and transition construction guide the reader. Paragraph structure is seamless.

5.0 % Mechanics of Writing (Includes spelling, punctuation, grammar, language use.)

Surface errors are pervasive enough that they impede communication of meaning. Inappropriate word choice and/or sentence construction are used.

Frequent and repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language choice (register), sentence structure, and/or word choice are present.

Some mechanical errors or typos are present but are not overly distracting to the reader. Correct sentence structure and audience-appropriate language are used.

The prose is largely free of mechanical errors, although a few may be present. A variety of sentence structures and effective figures of speech are used.

The writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English.

3.0 %Format

1.0 % Paper Format (1- inch margins; 12-point-font; double-spaced; Times New Roman, Arial, or Courier)

GCU template is not used appropriately or documentation format is rarely followed correctly.

GCU template is used, but some elements are missing or mistaken; lack of control with formatting is apparent.

GCU template is used, and formatting is correct, although some minor errors may be present.

GCU template is fully used; There are virtually no errors in formatting style.

All format elements are correct.

2.0 % Research Citations (In-text citations for paraphrasing and direct quotes, and reference page listing and formatting, as appropriate to the assignment.)

No reference page is included. No citations are used.

The reference page is present. Citations are inconsistently used.

The reference page is included and lists sources used in the paper. Sources are appropriately documented, although some errors may be present.

The reference page is present and fully inclusive of all cited sources. Documentation is appropriate and GCU style is usually correct.

In-text citations and a reference page are complete. The documentation of cited sources is free of error.

100 % Total Weightage

Capital Purchase Justification and Development Sample Answer

Capital Purchase Justification

Executive summary

Reducing profit margins in health care make it complex to choose a good investment for a hospital. While buying medical equipment is an investment majority of physicians may take into account, sales executives can make it sound enticing. Nonetheless, physicians should purchase medical equipment that is beneficial to the hospital.  Mr. Vice President, I understand that the facility is attempting to improve its services by investing in a quality tool for the radiology unit. I would suggest that the hospital buys a General Electric Healthcare’s Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner. Moreover, I fully understand that making this investment calls for careful consideration of several factors including the cost of the equipment and the expected profit or benefit to the hospital. The hospital, particularly the radiology unit will greatly benefit from the purchase of MRI scanners. For example, the scanners will increase the physicians’ capacity to choose the effective treatment for each patient. This piece of equipment will also permit physicians to collect relevant information regarding a patient’s internal organs. Again, physicians would be able to complete many exams in a short period because of the homogenous magnet and Optima MR450w, which will be essential in saving time. Nonetheless, the price of the General Electric Healthcare installed with Optima MR450w 1.5T and Geometry Embracing Method (GEM) Suite, is roughly $49,181.00. Much as the hospital may choose to lease the MRI scanners, it not a suitable investment because of the huge cost in the long run. Basically, this piece of equipment is a good investment for the hospital as well as the patients.

Capital Purchase Justification and Development Introduction

Buying medical equipment can be an intricate investment. Therefore, the hospital should ensure that factors like cost and benefits are taken into consideration.  While these scanners require substantial investment, they have a great potential on the return on investment (ROI).  This essay presents a justification as to why MRI offered by General Electric Healthcare is a good investment for the hospital. Mr. Vice President, MRI scanners are critical equipment for the hospital when it comes to quality improvement and a good investment for the institution.

Capital Purchase Justification and Development for Future Benefits to the Organization

MRI scanners are simple diagnostic practices, which enable physicians to see detailed images of internal organs of the patient without the use of x-rays (Ohsfeldt, Li, & Schneider, 2015). Additionally, this equipment is instrumental since it undoubtedly demonstrates the difference between healthy and abnormal tissues. Besides, it would help physicians to collect relevant data on the patient’s brain, spine and other internal organs. Preliminary treatment and identifying the illness and with no negative effects, therefore, the MRI scanners would increase physicians’ capacity to choose the effective treatment for each patient. The hospital will be able to complete more examinations in less time. This is because of the homogenous magnet and the design of the Optima MR450w, which will enable physicians to save time during examinations and patients’ setup (Ohsfeldt, Li & Schneider, 2015). Mr. Vice President, the General Electric Healthcare‘s Optima and MR450w is a good investment for this hospital. It has more than two decades of proven record in providing further capabilities to patients as technology advances without necessarily replacing the magnet.  MRI scanners expand considerably compared to radiology, since it validates the use of radiation therapy. Again, it enhances uptime with skilled and service forces across the world allowing the department of radiation to forecast and tackle service requirements with no unplanned interruption (Ohsfeldt, Li, & Schneider, 2015).

Capital Purchase Justification and Development and Facility Consideration

MRI scanners are not only future-based but also patient-centered as it presents extraordinary outcomes besides a wide-ranging assortment of products to meet the imaging requirements of this institution’s radiology unit. Subsequently, without compromising the quality or ability, General Electric Healthcare installed with Optima MR450w 1.5T as well as GEM Suite would be ideal for patients visiting the hospital (General Electric Company, 2014). Additionally, the Optima MR450w is appropriate for all patients irrespective of their size while decreasing audio sound for spine and brain examinations. This equipment also presents extraordinary reliability that controls the gradient to generate outstanding presentation in demanding uses including cardiac, fMRI, and transmission to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).  On the other hand, GEM suite and Optima MR450w would allow the institution to adhere to the requirements of patients, quality signal, efficiency, lesser stations, faster examinations and fewer failures. Due to the wider diameter of the MRI scanners, acoustic applications, comfort and aesthetic elements of the GEM suite is important when it comes to addressing common causes of anxiety among patients and nonconformity during assessments (General Electric Company, 2014).

Capital Purchase Justification and Development Operating Costs

Being able to understand the cost of this investment in terms of operational outlays remains vital. The cost of this piece of equipment is about USD 49,181, as such, if the institution would get the financial support that spans 60 months at an interest rate of 7%, then the hospital would be making a monthly payment of USD 862.54. The monthly charges would be inclusive of operational costs such as maintenance expenses, which will be completed within the specified time-frame. However, the radiology unit can lease MRI scanners. But this alternative is not a good investment for the hospital since it will be too costly in the long run. Moreover, there will be less or no return on investment (Wu et al., 2014). Mr. Vice president based on all benefits of General Electric Healthcare’s MRI that comes with GEM suite and the Optima MR450w 1.5T will be beneficial not only for the  institution’s radiology unit but also patients.

Capital Purchase Justification and Development Conclusion

Healthcare organisations can only guarantee the quality of care when physicians have access to the best equipment. This is why the installation of General Electric Healthcare with Optima MR450w 1.5T and GEM Suite is strategic in terms of meeting enhanced quality care and also when it comes to ROI. Ultimately, it is critical to ensure that factors to do with facility consideration, operating costs and future benefits of the MRI equipment are determined before undertaking on such an expensive venture.

Capital Purchase Justification and Development References

General Electric Company. Retrieved October 19, 2016, from http://www3.gehealthcare.com/

Ohsfeldt, R., Li, P., & Schneider, J. (2015). Patterns of Onsite Magnetic Resonance Imaging Equipment among Orthopedic Practices. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care, 31(5), 339-346. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0266462315000550

Wu, S., Sylwestrzak, G., Shah, C., & DeVries, A. (2014). Price transparency for MRIs increased use of less costly providers and triggered provider competition. Health Affairs, 33(8), 1391-8. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1553396971?accountid=45049

Psychology Assignment Paper Available

Psychology

Psychology

Psychology

Psychology Assignment Paper

Assignment Paper

Order Instructions:

hello, my assignment is due in 5 days, I will need you guys to work on it if possible..

I have attached the file you guys done for me which was the beginning of the assignment, and I will also submit another file which consists of 1000 or so words, the assignment is a 2000 word limit, so I have done 1000, if you can please do the other 1000..

Question 4: Describe the main social factors that influence attraction between people. Select one of these factors and describe the empirical support for its influence

Introduction

Social attraction between people is very important. Aspects of social attraction such as love, understanding and care are difficult to explicate because they often go against many norms in life. Care is a precept of responsibility and authority while understanding stems from knowledge and wisdom. There are factors that control the existence of others in any social setup. Beauty and attraction may have a lot in common but they are not common to all (Anders, de Jong, Beck, Haynes & Ethofer, 2016). This is why it is important to analyze social factors that generate stereotypes about beauty and attraction.   This paper will assess the following aspects as they relate to beauty;

  • What is beauty as perceived by different cultures
  • What stereotypes exist about the concept of attraction
  • The difference between love and attraction
  • The theories that define and propagate beauty
  • The concerns over natural and augmented beauty
  • The essence of effort in being attractive

Body

Social factors that influence attraction between people

The main factors that influence attraction between people as shall be discussed include;

  • Character: How a person behaves around people
  • Personality: The traits of personal disposition that encourage influence among people
  • Socialization: The aspects that society praises and considers right and viable
  • Personal motivators: what the individual considers to be of motivational value
  • Beauty: The appeal to the human eye

Factor Selected: Beauty

Background on Beauty

Beauty is defined as the experience of pleasure or satisfaction based on perception. That is why beauty can only be seen and not felt. What people see as beautiful is often a creation of their social setting(Launay & Dunbar, 2015).

Empirical support for beauty

  • Beauty is a vane concept that makes up most of the arguments and concepts about attraction. Attraction is vital to any relationship between people because it obscures the feeling of human weakness and inequity (Weidenfeld & Leask, 2013). Man is known to be imperfect and very unsymmetrical in many ways. Beauty however is the concept of perfection without prejudice and need to approve other concepts within the person observed.
  • Beauty makes it possible for people to overlook human inequities that are ever existent and often profoundly the cause for the use of derogative words on people (Sprecher, Treger, Fisher, Hilaire & Grzybowski, 2015). What is not attractive is often despised and chastised. It is vital to remember that perception is simply an illusion that may not be similarly felt by another person. More often than not, the feeling that one is able to achieve a particular attraction or not is all about what they perceive to appeal to them. This is what beauty is all about.
  • The concept of beauty or appeal in attraction is very complicated because attraction between people can be out of many reasons as well. However, the urge to go beyond the necessary to please the other person is borne out of a need for appreciation or the desire to do right. This can be considered as beauty of purpose or the innocence of decision and motivation. Beauty is about purity and sanctity. There is often a significant appeal from society to get things done but hardly a similar motivation in attraction.
  • Attraction is about the traits that make one seem to have a beautiful character and to some extent, beautiful build and look. It applies to both persons of the male and those of the female gender (Talamas, Mavor & Perrett, 2016). Other traits that accompany beauty include; hard work, diligence and determination. They often seem to be of an enlightenment that sparks influence among people.
  • However much there may be aspects that one looks for in an attractive partner beside their physical appeal, the appeal of the self is the most important. Attraction is about having a similar feeling towards a person at all times without altering the feel of the person based on the circumstance(Ioerger et al., 2015). Beauty is thus best explained by the features one possesses. These features make it possible for the person to ultimately influence a feeling of desire in another person.

Conclusion

According to Anders et al., (2016), many people consider the feeling of attraction to be related to the symmetrical shape of the person, shape or thing. Many people are attracted to beauty and not value. There is thus the general feeling that most human beings will often proverbially ‘read a book by its cover’ (McGinley, Zhang, Mattila & O’Neill, 2015). This is critical in the world where perception is often the main reason for attention on certain details.   The concluding chapter will contain further information on;

  • Why beauty is an important perspective to attractiveness
  • The general concept of beauty in the societal approach
  • The benefits or demerits of beauty in attraction

References

Anders, S., de Jong, R., Beck, C., Haynes, J., & Ethofer, T. (2016). A neural link between affective understanding and interpersonal attraction. Proceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America, 113(16), E2248-E2257. doi:10.1073/pnas.1516191113

Ioerger, M., Henry, K. L., Chen, P. Y., Cigularov, K. P., & Tomazic, R. G. (2015). Beyond Same-Sex Attraction: Gender-Variant-Based Victimization Is Associated with Suicidal Behavior and Substance Use for Other-Sex Attracted Adolescents. Plos ONE, 10(6), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129976

Launay, J., & Dunbar, R. M. (2015). Playing with Strangers: Which Shared Traits Attract Us Most to New People?. Plos ONE, 10(6), 1-17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129688

McGinley, S., Zhang, L., Mattila, A., & O’Neill, J. (2015). Attraction to Hospitality Companies: How Processing Fluency Moderates Value Fit. Journal Of Human Resources In Hospitality & Tourism, 14(1), 25-44. doi:10.1080/15332845.2014.904171

Mitteness, C. R., DeJordy, R., Ahuja, M. K., & Sudek, R. (2016). Extending the Role of Similarity Attraction in Friendship and Advice Networks in Angel Groups. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 40(3), 627-655. doi:10.1111/etap.12135

Sprecher, S., Treger, S., Fisher, A., Hilaire, N., & Grzybowski, M. (2015). Associations Between Self-Expansion and Actual and Perceived (Dis)Similarity and Their Joint Effects on Attraction in Initial Interactions. Self & Identity, 14(4), 369-389. doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.1003592

Talamas, S. N., Mavor, K. I., & Perrett, D. I. (2016). Blinded by Beauty: Attractiveness Bias and Accurate Perceptions of Academic Performance. Plos ONE, 11(2), 1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148284

Weidenfeld, A., & Leask, A. (2013). Exploring the relationship between visitor attractions and events: definitions and management factors. Current Issues In Tourism, 16(6), 552-569. doi:10.1080/13683500.2012.702736

SAMPLE ANSWER

PSYCHOLOGY

Social attraction between people is very important. Aspects of social attraction such as love, understanding and care are difficult to explicate because they often go against many norms in life. It is crucial to ensure that these aspects are maintained along a certain line and many people keep it that way. For instance, love is governed by respect, trust and mutual understanding. Care is a precept of responsibility and authority while understanding stems from knowledge and wisdom (Anders, et.al, 2016). Attraction between people has one key aspect to it; beauty. What anyone would find attractive is often the aspect of life that they feel is appealing to them. Beauty and attraction may have a lot in common but they are not common to all (Anders, de Jong, Beck, Haynes& Ethofer, 2016). This is why it is important to analyze social factors that generate stereotypes about beauty and attraction.

Beauty is defined as the experience of pleasure or satisfaction based on perception. That is why beauty can only be seen and not felt (Anders, et.al, 2016). What people see as beautiful is often a creation of their social setting. For instance, people who hardly encounter persons of a different race may deem them to be more beautiful or less beautiful depending on their socialization (Weidenfeld& Leask, 2013). In many social setups, beauty is displayed by models on newspapers, article magazines and websites. It is a form of influence that ends up making the person to feel that what they see as beautiful is not as beautiful or appealing as they suppose. Beauty is thus a form of influence that is borne out of what the society considers to be appealing or not. Beauty is however the greatest contributor to perceptions about attraction (Launay& Dunbar, 2015). Where there is attraction, beauty is often a factor that is critical and central to the theme.

Beauty is a concept that makes up most of the arguments and concepts about attraction. Attraction is vital to any relationship between people because it obscures the feeling of human weakness and inequity. Man is known to be imperfect and very unsymmetrical in many ways. Beauty however is the concept of perfection without prejudice and need to approve other concepts within the person observed. Beauty makes it possible for people to overlook human inequities that are ever existent and often profoundly the cause for the use of derogative words on people (Sprecher, Treger, Fisher, Hilaire & Grzybowski, 2015). What is not attractive is often despised and chastised. It is vital to remember that perception is simply an illusion that may not be similarly felt by another person (Anders, et.al, 2016). More often than not, the feeling that one is able to achieve a particular attraction or not is all about what they perceive to appeal to them. This is what beauty is all about.

The concept of beauty or appeal in attraction is very complicated because attraction between people can be out of many reasons as well. However, the urge to go beyond the necessary to please the other person is borne out of a need for appreciation or the desire to do right. This can be considered as beauty of purpose or the innocence of decision and motivation. Beauty is about purity and sanctity. There is often a significant appeal from society to get things done but hardly a similar motivation in attraction. As explained by Talamas, Mavor& Perrett (2016) Attraction is about the traits that make one seem to have a beautiful character and to some extent, beautiful build and look. It applies to both persons of the male and those of the female gender (Talamas, Mavor& Perrett, 2016). Other traits that accompany beauty include; hard work, diligence and determination. They often seem to be of an enlightenment that sparks influence among people. Although affluence is more influential than these traits, it follows that one would find another person with such traits likely to be attractive.

However much there may be aspects that one looks for in an attractive partner beside their physical appeal, the appeal of the self is the most important (McGinley, et.al, 2015). Attraction is about having a similar feeling towards a person at all times without altering the feel of the person based on the circumstance. Beauty is thus best explained by the features one possesses. These features make it possible for the person to ultimately influence a feeling of desire in another person. It is about the makeup women put on or the expensive suits men wear. It is about making the other person like what one already likes (Ioerger, Henry, Chen, Cigularov& Tomazic, 2015). Attraction can thus be predetermined and premeditated. It is a factor that can easily be manipulated in people’s minds and an issue that is hardly the cause for divisive argument.

According to Englis, Solomon, & Ashmore, (2014), various cultures perceive beauty differently. This is because beauty often defines how attractive one is and since there is a difference between values from one culture to another, there is also a difference in factors making up beauty. However, as per Vacker & Key (2013), despite the variations in perception across various cultures, beauty remains to be one of the most influential factors in establishing attraction between people. The current generation of the 21st century regards beauty as an outward appearance of an individual that is desired. Therefore, they support the definition that beauty refers to what can be seen by the eye to be appealing. However, before the current perception and definition of beauty, various cultures had unique features which if present in an individual, he or she is regarded as being attractive (Englis, Solomon & Ashmore, 2014. The character of a person was a big determinant in whether the person is seen as beautiful or not. This is because there were people who could be attractive, win other people’s hearts, and influence others by just interacting with them. In such a case, beauty becomes defined by the intrinsic features that a person possess and not their outward appearances. Societies which belief in both intrinsic and extrinsic beauty believe that the existing inequality in appearance between people should not be a major cause for regarding someone as not being beautiful.

There are various stereotypes that are related to attraction. As explained by Vacker & Key (2013), most people tend to think that people naturally get attracted to those individuals whom they have certain common features with. This stereotyping concept involves both men and female, and in this example, the proponents of this belief argue that the existing high number of integration, interaction, marriage, and business establishments between people of the same ethnicity proves that people get attracted to others whom they share certain common features. Perceptions that people with same characteristics or origin easily see each other as beautiful is also based on culture. In this regard, it is easier for a person to recognize\e another person as being beautiful if both of them share a common culture or origin.  Another stereotyping about beauty is that it is more pronounced in women as compared to men (Englis, Solomon & Ashmore, 2014). Therefore, it is easier for men to regard women as being beautiful as compared to seeing other men as a beautiful. As a result, it is expected that attraction will flourish easily between men and women as compared to between men and men. (Vacker and Key, 2013).

There has been a misconception about love and beauty especially when it comes to how these two feelings ate expressed by people. As explained by Diessner, et.al (2012), most people find it difficult to distinguish love from beauty. This is because both of the two feelings give one the desire to be or like another person so much.  However, it should be noted that love and beauty are different in the sense that love develops between individuals irrespective of whether they are beautiful or not. In other words, one does not need to be beautiful or to possess certain features for them to be loved by another individual. Moreover, love takes a long time to appear, and in most cases, it comes involuntarily and gives little consideration to both outward and inward appearance of a person. On the other hand, attraction is mostly felt as a result of existing beauty between the attracting individuals. Moreover, it considers features that are present in an individual and may end if a person changes in certain ways. Also, attraction can be felt only after a short time whereas love mostly lasts forever (Vacker & Key, 2013).

There are various theories of beauty. However, Denis Dutton’s and Andrew Park provocative theory offers the best insight into the current beauty trends surrounding attraction (Diessner, et.al, 2012). They do believe that beauty is specific to an individual. However, it is also a part of human nature that has very deep evolutionary origins.  Other existing theories such as the typical beauty theory of Ruskin and the vital beauty theory try to explain the essential characteristics of an individual that constitute their beauty status. Therefore, they help propagate the notion that a person can improve his or her beauty through effort

There are two major forms of beauty that are inexistent at the moment. These are; augmented beauty and natural beauty. Whereas naturally beauty is acquired naturally and one may possess it from the time they are born, augmented beauty is acquired artificially (Diessner, et.al, 2012). To acquire augmented beauty, a person uses various artificial beauty products and solutions to enhance their appearance by becoming more beautiful than they were previously. Even though both these two types of beauty makes one attractive, there are various concerns about the longevity of augmented beauty. It is argued that it may cause attraction just for a short period and in the long term, the attraction may cease to exist as some of the beauty features will fail to reciprocate themselves positively. On the other hand, natural beauty is always desired as it creates the true picture of an individual on others thereby aiding in establishing trust.

The importance of being beautiful has caused some individuals to become beautiful. This is because, without beauty, a person may not be attractive to others. As a result, they may end up feeling dejected and living a lonely life. Since human beings are social species, it is wise to put in effort to enhance beauty so as to live a comfortable and soothing life with many admirers as compared to living unfulfilling life as a result of low beauty levels. Therefore, as Englis, Solomon and Ashmore (2014) argues, it is more sensible to put in effort so as to improve a person’s beauty as compared to leaving it the way it is and undergoing a tough social life (as Englis, Solomon and Ashmore, 2014).

Many people consider the feeling of attraction to be related to the symmetrical shape of the person, shape or thing. Many people are attracted to beauty and not value. There is thus the general feeling that most human beings will often proverbially ‘read a book by its cover.’ This is a concern among persons who mask their attractive qualities by not being very outgoing and expressive about their characters. It is thus important to ensure that one is always able to express their ‘inner beauty’ where the outer beauty does not appeal to many people in order for the rest of society to find them attractive (McGinley, Zhang,Mattila& O’Neill, 2015). This is critical in the world where perception is often the main reason for attention on certain details. This means that beauty is a form of influence that is borne out of what the society considers to be appealing or no. Even though this is contextual, it has led to development of various techniques of acquiring beauty through artificial techniques. These means have often been sought by individuals who feel that they are not appealing in terms of beauty.

References

Anders, S., de Jong, R., Beck, C., Haynes, J., & Ethofer, T. (2016). A neural link between affective understanding and interpersonal attraction. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 113(16), E2248-E2257. doi:10.1073/pnas.1516191113

Diessner, R., Solom, R. C., Frost, N. K., Parsons, L., & Davidson, J. (2012). Engagement with beauty: Appreciating natural, artistic, and moral beauty. The Journal of Psychology, 142(3), 303-29. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/213828232?accountid=45049.

Englis, B. G., Solomon, M. R., & Ashmore, R. D. (2014). Beauty before the eyes of beholders: The cultural encoding of beauty types in magazine advertising and music television. Journal of Advertising, 23(2), 49. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/236550542?accountid=45049

Ioerger, M., Henry, K. L., Chen, P. Y., Cigularov, K. P., & Tomazic, R. G. (2015). Beyond Same-Sex Attraction: Gender-Variant-Based Victimization Is Associated with Suicidal Behavior and Substance Use for Other-Sex Attracted Adolescents. Plos ONE, 10(6), 1-16. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129976

Launay, J., & Dunbar, R. M. (2015). Playing with Strangers: Which Shared Traits Attract Us Most to New People? Plos ONE, 10(6), 1-17. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0129688

McGinley, S., Zhang, L., Mattila, A., & O’Neill, J. (2015). Attraction to Hospitality Companies: How Processing Fluency Moderates Value Fit. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 14(1), 25-44. doi:10.1080/15332845.2014.904171

Mitteness, C. R., DeJordy, R., Ahuja, M. K., & Sudek, R. (2016). Extending the Role of Similarity Attraction in Friendship and Advice Networks in Angel Groups. Entrepreneurship: Theory & Practice, 40(3), 627-655. doi:10.1111/etap.12135

Sprecher, S., Treger, S., Fisher, A., Hilaire, N., & Grzybowski, M. (2015). Associations Between Self-Expansion and Actual and Perceived (Dis) Similarity and Their Joint Effects on Attraction in Initial Interactions. Self & Identity, 14(4), 369-389. doi:10.1080/15298868.2014.1003592

Talamas, S. N., Mavor, K. I., & Perrett, D. I. (2016). Blinded by Beauty: Attractiveness Bias and Accurate Perceptions of Academic Performance. Plos ONE, 11(2), 1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148284

Vacker, B., & Key, W. R. (2013). Beauty and the beholder: The pursuit of beauty through commodities. Psychology & Marketing (1986-1998), 10(6), 471. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230393591?accountid=45049

Weidenfeld, A., & Leask, A. (2013). Exploring the relationship between visitor attractions and events: definitions and management factors. Current Issues In Tourism, 16(6), 552-569. doi:10.1080/13683500.2012.702736

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Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations

Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations Order Instructions: Assignment Objective: #1 Compare and contrast frameworks to analyze global business operations.

Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations
Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations

#2 Evaluate an organization’s internal and external environment and competitive position.

Assignment Purpose: To generate a strategic plan

Assignment Details: Assignment #1, Vision and Mission; Company Overview

Students will be generating a strategic plan for Starbucks. Create a general description of the organization, define what is core and non-core business, 5 sources of revenue analysis, including vision and mission statements.

Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations Sample Answer

Compare and Contrast Starbucks Frameworks to Analyze Global Business Operations

Enhancing customer experience through Innovation

Starbucks has been on the forefront to innovate as the only way for the company to acclimatize with its local environment. This has been very successful for the company to penetrate China. The company is taking advantage of the decentralized e-commerce in China to craft an experience that blends its store and digital space.  Through mergers and acquisitions, Starbucks has been exploring the likelihood for exceptional digital innovations. With a B2C e-flagship store in Alibaba, the company has the capability to offer social prizes to clients in China (Das, Eisner & Korn, 2015).

Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations and Capturing the Indian Market

The exponential growth of the Indian economy presents Starbucks with enormous prospects with respect to the budding middle class with the highest disposable income. Despite intense competition in India, the company has partnered with Tata Global Beverages to jostle for the café market valued at $1.1 billion (Elder, Lister & Dauvergne, 2014). Apart from packaged products, the company intends to introduce “Teavana,” one of its tea brands to India. The fact that India is largely a tea-drinking nation, the introduction of Teavana in India could help Starbucks amass a considerable market share.  While the company’s mobile order and pay will help enhance retail services by cutting down long queues, it will offer the company a competitive edge.

Evaluate an organization’s internal and external environment and competitive position.

External Environment

1)    Political：

Starbucks has been able to penetrate countries like China that were previously closed to the world. While globalization shattered trade barriers, this has attracted international trade and investment.

2)    Economy:

The economic boom in China has brought about new markets for Starbucks an aspect that gives the company the prospects for exponential growth.

3)    Social:

The lifestyle change in China has many prospects as far as coffee drinking is concerned. A report by Mintel Inc shows that the annual sales of coffee in China are 30 percent. Nonetheless, the current inflation and CPI being witnessed in China may lead to high costs, an issue that may have a negative impact on sales.

4)    Technology:

Because coffee technology is not engineered in China, this gives Starbucks a competitive in terms of technology.

Internal Environment

SWOT:

Strength

1)    The company’s name and brand value is its strength

2)    Employees give clients a superior experience

3)    The company is responsive to customers

4)    Productivity is rather high

Weakness:

  • The failure by a merchant or supplier to meet standards, offers products in a way that is prompt and proficient and in tandem with applicable statutes beyond control.
  • Differentiating the development platform and start the packed coffee business may terminate the significance of the brand.

Opportunities

  1. The economic conditions in India and China provided a platform for the company to enter the market and increased its profit margin.
  2. Another opportunity is the coffee culture that prevails in developing nations.

Threat

  1. Increasing cost and decreased the availability of quality Arabica coffee beans
  2. Economic recession that contributes to reduced demand for coffee products
  3. New entrants in the coffee sector that lead to increased competition
  4. Fluctuation in foreign currency

Competitive Position

Starbucks operates among the most companies. Coffee sector fragmented. Starbuck’s rivals for coffee include specialty coffee and quick –service shops like Costa and Nestle. Nestle has adopted low pricing started to attract clients, which poses a great challenge on Starbucks (Paharia, Keinan & Avery, 2014).

Bargaining Power of Consumers

Consumers have low bargaining power. Their choice for Starbucks is based on comfortable environment, quality products and services rather than cost.

Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Low

Bargaining power of supplier is low since the firm is dominant in its operations. The amount of beans required is huge; therefore Starbucks is strict with quality and can reduce the cost.

Substitute Products

Alternative products to coffee are soft drinks including juice, soda, tea and so forth.  A few years ago, the company acquired Evolution Fresh to meet the needs of Asian clients. As such, substitute products and no effect on Starbucks (Paharia, Keinan & Avery, 2014).

Vision and Mission; Company Overview

Company Overview

Starbucks began in 1971, as a roaster and retailer of ground coffee in Pike Place Market, Seattle. In addition, the firm’s logo is inspired be the sea with a twin-tailed siren. Currently, the company have over 24, 000 stores in 70 nations across the world. Starbucks offer the finest coffee internationally, prepared and severed by the finest individuals (Paharia, Keinan & Avery, 2014). The firm’s workers or partners are the main competence of the firm’s experience. Moreover, the company offers a variety of products including;

  • Coffee; over thirty blends as well as unique-origin coffees
  • Beverages such as teas, iced and hot espresso, Frappuccino coffee and non-coffee blends, smoothies and Starbucks Refreshers.
  • Merchandise like tea and coffee making tools, cups, books, and packaged goods
  • Fresh food such as sandwiches, salads, oatmeal, fruit cups, and pastries
  • Consumer products like ready-to-drink (RTD) such as energy Coffee drinks, Evolution Fresh and Starbucks Double shot (Paharia, Keinan & Avery, 2014).

The company’s mission is inspiring and nurturing the human spirit– “one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time”. The firm’s vision statement is establishing Starbucks as the premier purveyor of quality and finest coffee globally and ensuring uncompromising values.

Starbucks Frameworks in Global Business Operations References

Das, D., Eisner, A. B., & Korn, H. J. (2015). TATA Starbucks: how to brew a sustainable blend for India instructor’s notes. Journal of the International Academy for Case Studies, 21(4), 43-50. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1761070630?accountid=45049

Elder, S. D., Lister, J., & Dauvergne, P. (2014). Big retail and sustainable coffee: A new development studies research agenda. Progress in Development Studies, 14(1), 77-90. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464993413504354

Paharia, N., Keinan, A., & Avery, J. (2014). The upside to large competitors. MIT Sloan Management Review, 56(1), 10-11. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1627695299?accountid=45049

Health Care Ethics Assignment Paper

 

Health Care Ethics
Health Care Ethics

Health Care Ethics

Health Care Ethics

Order Instructions:

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PLEASE GO THROUGH THE FILE ATTACHED THAT CONTAINS THE MARKING GUIDE AND EXPLANATION.

THIS IS HEALTH CARE ETHICS ESSAY,!

Assessment Task 3: Essay – An Ethical Dilemma
Select a case study from the list below and address the following points.
1. Identify the stakeholders including two health care professionals in the case scenario;

2. Identify the ethical and legal conflicts and consider them from the following perspectives:
? The dignity and rights of all stakeholders in this case

? The principles and virtues of health care ethics that inform professional practice
? The relevant codes of ethics and/or codes of professional conduct

3. Propose a legally and ethically defensible resolution to these conflicts

Case scenario give below

CASE STUDY TWO

Alex Ng, a senior paramedic in a regional centre, is called out to attend a motor vehicle accident on the main highway, involving two cars and a large transport truck. On arrival at the scene, Alex finds passengers trapped in both cars; two children in a small car are not moving and show no other signs of consciousness while the female driver is slumped over the steering wheel, bleeding from a head wound. The male driver of the other car is conscious but trapped in the wreckage; he tells Alex’s partner that he cannot feel or move his lower limbs. The male truck driver is walking around the wreckage and appears confused and disorientated; at a glance, he does not appear to be physically injured. A woman who was driving past stops her car and comes forward; she tells Alex that she is an emergency physician and can help. Alex is grateful for the offer of help and asks her to attend to the children, however, he notices the smell of alcohol on her breath when she walks past him. After opening the door of the other car, Alex notices that the trapped driver is wearing earphones attached to his mobile phone and the phone screen indicates that he was on a call when the accident occurred. The driver is alone and Alex recognizes him as the local magistrate, and a good family friend. Just then, he hears the screech of brakes and turns to see that the truck driver has walked up the highway and into oncoming traffic. He is lying on the road and does not appear to be breathing

SAMPLE ANSWER

Health Care Ethics

Introduction

Ethics affects every part of healthcare setting, and this calls for healthcare providers to be vigilant when providing health care services. These settings include when providing direct care to patients, resource allocation, and staffing. It is important to note that in some situations ethics do not provide answers, but instead, they lead to getting solutions (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2013). Sometimes, healthcare providers are faced with situations which may or may not be life threatening, and they make decisions which go beyond their profession or technical concerns. Nurses and physicians often encounter challenges on what ought to be done event in ordinary situations despite the laid down ethics and professional code of conduct (Corey & Callanan, 2014).Consequently, it leads to the health care providers being faced with ethical dilemmas, where one is expected to make a choice from two alternatives. When dealing with ethics, healthcare professionals requires possessing skills, in processes of value clarification, ethical decision making. Health care professionals should be aware that when faced with ethical dilemmas evoke powerful emotions and strong opinions, however, these emotions and opinions are not enough to solve ethical dilemmas (Corey & Callahan, 2014).

Professional nursing actions are supposed to be both legally and ethically right. There are various factors which fuel discrepancies between law and ethics. They include, ethical opinions that reflect individual differences, human behaviors are usually complex to be accurately reflected in law, the legal system judge’s action rather than intention. Finally, rules change according to social and political influences. Therefore, some issues that may appear to be ethically right may in real sense appear to be legally wrong, and those that are legally right may be ethically wrong, therefore posing a challenge in provision of care by health care providers.

From the case scenario, the magistrate appeared to have been in a conversation through the earphones during the time the accident occurred. According to the law, it is wrong to drive while communicating with a cell phone. In this case, it appears as the accident occurred as result of the magistrate being on a call.

Rights

Clients are supposed to be respected and be treated with dignity, to make decisions regarding provision of care and to be actively involved in treatment plan. However, nurses and other health care providers are supposed to act as advocates for those clients who are unconscious, the minors and those that are not in their right mind. These rights should be considered in any set up where care is being provided. Awareness of the client’s rights increases the health care providers’ awareness of the need to treat the clients in an ethical manner and ascertain that the rights of the patients are protected ( O’Donnell, 2015). When nurses are providing care, they should always respect the values, customs and beliefs of their clients.

In the event of accident victims, like in the case of Alex, nurses and other health care providers might have a challenge in attending the accident victims since everybody is entitled to the provision of care. However, due to the limited number of health care providers in the scene one might not be sure who to attend to first. This is because everybody at the accident scene was entitled to medical attention.

 Ethical Principles

Ethical principles direct or govern on the best course of action. When nurses and other healthcare professions are making ethical decisions, they should be based on principles. (González-PA chon  & Romero, 2016).  They reflect on what is best for the patients. When these principles are employed in the nursing field, nurses are in a better position in solving ethical conflicts. Furthermore, these principles can be used as references in analyzing ethical dilemmas and provide rationales to solving ethical problems. However, these principles are not absolute; hence there can be exemptions to every principle in any given situation.

The principle of autonomy outlines that an individual has a right to make a decision and act on it and nurses should respect the client’s rights and protect those unable to decide for themselves. Nurses uphold this principle by accepting the client’s decision even if they are not patient’s best interest (O’Donnell, 2015). Nonmaleficence means that every health care provider has a duty not to cause physiological, physical, social or spiritual harm to others either potential or actual. A nurse is responsible for weighing the potential risks and benefits of any plan of action. When upholding this principle, healthcare providers practices according to their profession and laid down legal standard (González-Pachón  & Romero, 2016).

The principle of beneficence states that every health care provider has a fundamental duty to do good and prevent harm. Justice is a principle which is based on the fairness concept, both benefits and burdens should be distributed fairly. All individuals should be treated equally unless there is justification for unfair treatment (Myers & Venable, 2014)

A close relationship exists between ethics and values, and this makes it difficult for the nurses to balance between principles that apply to clients and those that apply to health care systems. Therefore, nurses should examine their value system to be in a position to provide care to clients whose values may differ. (Myers & Venable, 2014). Health care providers should be aware that values are different depending on individuals and are not alike to everybody. Therefore, nurses should be careful not incorporate and practice their values on their patients.

Code of Conduct

Professional code of conduct outlines the nurse’s obligations to clients and the society as a whole. The ethical code provides broad principles for determining and evaluating nursing care. There are professional bodies which deal with the nurses who act unprofessionally. For example, a nurse is supposed to provide care on human dignity and treat clients differently without considering any other factor. Nurses and other health care providers draw their moral guidance from their families, religious beliefs, family and parental values. However, they may not be the only guidance in professional ethics (Lee& Divaris, 2014).

Ethical Conflicts/Ethical Dilemmas

Ethical conflicts result when a person if faced with a decision to make and none is clear since it collides with morality, ethics, justice or personal situations. In health care settings, healthcare providers should evaluate the best choice to take since in some situations doing what is termed as morally right may yield negative impacts while doing morally wrong may result in a positive outcome (DeKeyser ,Ganz & Berkovitz  2011). Furthermore, the moral position can be substantiated or not substantiated. Alex and the colleague might have been faced with a dilemma on the accident victim to attend to.

However, when an ethical conflict is encountered, any healthcare provider should make the best decision which is in line with principles, laid down rules and the law. In the event a person is unable to resolve the conflict, he shall be required to address the consequences.  Therefore, it is necessary for health professionals to consult a colleague before undertaking any plan of action and in case a conflict is unresolved, it will necessitate further consultation from the relevant professional body or legal counsel (DeKeyser ,Ganz & Berkovitz  2011).

From the case scenario, both Alex and his colleague might have been faced with a dilemma parting the first victim to attend to. Health care providers are supposed to attend to victims who urgently need care and for this case that’s what Alex did. Unfortunately, the truck driver appeared to be stable despite the orientation and he passed on before being attended to. It is unethical for health care professional to attend to clients when they are under the influence of alcohol. However, it becomes challenging in the event of an accident due to the limited number of healthcare providers at a scene

Ethical Theories

When making a choice between two alternatives, various ideas can be employed so as to help in solving the ethical dilemmas. Ethical theories are used to analyze ethical problems rather than provide answers to ethical conflicts.  Teleology stipulates that importance of a situation is based on the outcome and not activity. This theory is founded on the principle of utility which states that for any action to be termed beneficial, it must impact a good number of people in any given situation. Every alternative is assessed for positive and negative outcomes (González-Pachón & Romero, 2016). The selected action is the one that maximizes benefits and minimizes occurrence of any harm.

Deontology applies the criteria of the action itself to determine what is right rather than the consequence. This theory is based on the categorical imperative concept which points out that one should take action if the act applies a universal principle. This means taking an action that one would take when faced with a similar situation (DeKeyser Ganz & Berkovitz, 2011).

Resolution to Ethical Conflicts and Ethical Dilemmas

When an ethical conflict of choice manifests itself, the nurse should be able to identify it and come up with the relevant resolutions. The following are some of the issues that should be factored in to before coming up with a resolution. This includes ethical theories; principals involved, parties that will be affected and the consequences of ethical options. Nurses can be able to make decisions to resolve ethical dilemmas if only they are done systematically (Lo, B, 2012). There exists a need to help address the ethical concerns in health care setting. Formation of an ethics committee will go a long way in addressing the ethical dilemma issue. Also, this committee should formulate policies and procedures which will help in prevention and resolutions of the dilemmas (Kangasniemi, Pakkanen  & Korhonen, 2015).

It is of significance for nurses to understand the basis on which they make their decisions. This means that they should think through what needs to be done and provide a rationale for every activity (Shapiro & Stefkovich, 2016). Therefore, it would be important for healthcare providers to know that the decisions they make cannot be based entirely on intuition and emotions instead, they should be based on an ethical basis. Ethical decision making should be made in situations in which the right decision is not clear or where there are conflicts of rights and duties (Shapiro & Stefkovich, 2016).

Conclusion

As professionals, nurses and physicians are obliged to protect the client’s rights and interests. Consequently, sound nursing practice involves making ethical decisions. In every healthcare setting, health care providers are usually faced with ethical concerns, and they are required to balance their ethical responsibilities with their professional obligations. Often a conflict results when a nurse is trying to balance the two. It is, therefore, necessary for health care providers to handle situations putting ethics into consideration. This should necessitate the application of different principles in the profession, justification of actions through the use of ethical theories.

References

Berman, A., Snyder, S.J., Kozier, B., Erb, G., Levett-Jones T., Dwyer, T., Hales, M., Harvey, N., & Stanley, D. (2012). Kozier and erb’s  fundamentals of nursing (2nd ed.). Vol 2, NSW:  Pearson Sydney Australia.

Burkhardt, M. A., & Nathaniel, A. (2013). Ethics and issues in contemporary nursing. Cengage Learning.

Corey, G. & Callanan, P. (2014). Issues and Ethics in the Helping Professions with 2014 ACA Codes. Nelson Education.

DeKeyser Ganz, F., & Berkovitz, K. (2011). Surgical nurses’ perceptions of ethical dilemmas, moral distress and quality of care. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(7), 1516-1525.

Faden, R. R., Beauchamp, T. L., & Kass, N. E. (2014). Informed consent, comparative effectiveness, and learning health care. N Engl J Med, 370(8), 766-768.

Faden, R. R., Kass, N. E., Goodman, S. N., Pronovost, P., Tunis, S., & Beauchamp, T. L. (2013). An ethics framework for a learning health care system: a departure from traditional research ethics and clinical ethics. Hastings Center Report, 43(s1), S16-S27.

Gold, M., Philip, J., Mclver, S., & Komesaroff, P. A. (2012). Between a rock and hard place: Exploring the conflict between respecting the privacy of patient and informing their carers. Internal Medicine Joiurnal, 39(9), 582-587

González-Pachón, J., & Romero, C. (2016). Bentham, Marx and Rawls ethical principles: In search for a compromise. Omega, 62, 47-51.

Hunt, L., Ramjan, L., McDonald, G., Koch, J., Baird, D., & Salamonson, Y. (2015). Nursing students’ perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people. Nurse education today, 35(3), 461-467.

Ingravallo, F., Gilmore, E., Vignatelli, L., Dormi, A., Carosielli, G., Lanni, L., & Taddi, P. (2014). Factors associated with nurse’s opinion and practices regarding information and consent. Nursing Ethics, 2(3), 259-313.

Ion, R., Smith, K., Nimmo, S., Rice, A. M., & McMillan, L. (2015). Factors influencing student nurse decisions to report poor practice witnessed while on placement. Nurse education today, 35(7), 900-905.

Kangasniemi, M., Pakkanen, P., & Korhonen, A. (2015). Professional ethics in nursing: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 71(8), 1744-1757.

Lee, J. Y., & Divaris, K. (2014). The ethical imperative of addressing health disparities in a unifying framework. Journal of dental research, 93(3), 224-230.

Lo, B. (2012). Resolving ethical dilemmas: a guide for clinicians. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Myers, M. D., & Venable, J. R. (2014). A set of ethical principles for design science research in information systems. Information & Management, 51(6), 801-809.

Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia. (2010). Nursing and national competency standards for Registered nurse.

O’Donnell, P. (2015). Values and Ethics of Healthcare Social Work. Social Work Practice in Healthcare: Advanced Approaches and Emerging Trends, 127.

Petronio, S., & Sargent, J. (2011). Disclosure Predicaments Arising During the Course of Patient Care: Nurses’ Privacy Management. Health Communication, 26(3), 255-266.

Poikkeus, T., Leino‐Kilpi, H., & Katajisto, J. (2014). Supporting ethical competence of nurses during recruitment and performance reviews–the role of the nurse leader. Journal of nursing management, 22(6), 792-802.

Shapiro, J. P., & Stefkovich, J. A. (2016). Ethical leadership and decision making in education: Applying theoretical perspectives to complex dilemmas. Routledge.

Vayena, E., Salathé, M., Madoff, L. C., & Brownstein, J. S. (2015). Ethical challenges of big data in public health. PLoS Comput Biol, 11(2), e1003904.

Wilson, R. (2012). Legal, ethical and professional concepts with in the operating department. National Institute of Health, 22(3),81-5.

We can write this or a similar paper for you! Simply fill the order form!

 

Personal Experience Reflective Report

Personal Experience Reflective Report The purpose of the reflective report is for you to write about your own experience of doing the dissertation. (you need to pretend me)

Personal Experience Reflective Report
Personal Experience Reflective Report

Think about the problems and challenges of researching and writing the dissertation; what you would you do differently if you were doing another dissertation; ( you could say something like starting earlier, being more organized…etc)what you have learned about yourself; how it might relate to jobs and the workplace;etc.( you could say here something like I learned to deal with jobs with tight deadline..etc)
With regard to structure, it is useful to use one or two learning models – for example:
Gibbs reflective cycle" or
Kolb’s learning cycle" or
Honey& Mumford’s learning Styles or
sisngle& double loop learning or
deep%surface learning" etc
And you could also use models and theories from marketing, such as Maslow +motivation, Tajfel’s social identity theory; etc. See the attached slide for a few learning models & concepts; and look for more if you wish.
My dissertation Topic is " does social media marketing have an impact on the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of British Female consumers towards the choice of fashion brands?

Significance of a Bodhisattva in Buddhism

The significance of a Bodhisattva in Buddhism Using the reading materials and class lectures on the life-story of the Buddha, describe and analyze the significance of a bodhisattva in Buddhism.

Significance of a Bodhisattva in Buddhism
Significance of a Bodhisattva in Buddhism

In your
essay, using one of the two bodhisattva stories (Candraprabha and Satyavati), discuss what it means to be a bodhisattva, how the individual fulfills her/his role as a bodhisattva, and how the story may or may not serve as a model for the practice of generosity.
The paper must be double-spaced, and leave a 1-inch margin on all sides. For citations (no external sources need to be consulted), please use the Chicago
Manuel Style.
Moreover, you need to:
• come up with a good title for the paper.
• write an intro paragraph at the beginning giving a general theme of the paper.
• devote a paragraph at the end summarizing your points and thoughts.
• do spell check, etc.
• make sure that the paper is clear and nicely organized.
Please don’t leave 1 page just for references, no external source.

Modern Business Operational Planning

Modern Business Operational Planning The business plan as a tool for operational planning.

Modern Business Operational Planning
Modern Business Operational Planning

According to the encyclopedia Structure (domi), a business is an organized economic activity geared towards the production of goods and services to
market. Nowadays, almost all of the products and services we enjoy comes from businesses, so there are many firms producing similar goods and compete
strongly with each other. In order for a business to survive within this competitive environment must operate under a detailed design – a strategy. The
business plan, assuming that is the encoding, fixes this design ? on paper." With a business plan we can describe the specific business to a third party,
usually donors, but we can also gather – encode our own thoughts and actions for our business. The business plan is not only to help present business to
third parties, but it is also an essential tool for developing the strategy of the same operator. In this work we see so often, how do I write a business
plan and the reasons that make it so useful to any modern business.
1. Is it useful for a company to have a business plan?
2. When it is necessary for a company to prepare and have a business plan?
3. What are the main reasons for a company to use a business plan?
Answering three simple core question for every business
? Where are we now?
? Where we want to be?
? How will manage to get there?

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories Order Instructions: Write a paper evaluating three ethical theories.

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories
Evaluating Three Ethical Theories

Compare and contrast as well as discuss the strengths and weakness of each.

Also, the paper must be written in accordance with APA writing standards. The appropriate citation is required and 7 scholarly sources is a must.

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories Sample Answer

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories

Introduction

People who engage in research studies that involve human beings as their subjects are required to adhere to regular procedures aimed at obtaining an ethical approval. When a problem is encountered within a community or an organization, people are bound to resort to different ethical views and opinions that depend on their personalized views. The existence of various ethical positions on an action may result in different judgments.

Such ethical judgment’s positions on an action are primarily categorized into three main theories. These theories include the principles or deontological theories, consequential or utilitarian approaches, and virtues theories. This paper seeks to provide a comparative and contrastive evaluation on the three principle theories that establish the manner in which judgments are made and applied in an ethical manner.

Consequentiality Theory

This ethical theory emphasizes on the repercussions and consequences of a specified course of action. In consideration of this ethical theory, an institution or individual is in a position to provide a judgment on a specified action based on the possibility of its effects to an action (Paul & Elder, 2011). According to this ethics of consequences, the effects of an action are likely to establish the worthiness of an ethical action.

When a society considers the outcomes of some particular actions as immoral, then such an action is considered unethical within the values of such a society.  The end results of this ethical theory are noted in its advantage that achieves a predetermined action to the consequences of some unethical conduct with the aim of maintaining the society’s happiness, knowledge, and resources (Paul & Elder, 2011). Thus, it is important to establish that the extreme position of this theory lies in the fact that the end has the capacity to justify the means.

Deontological Theory

The deontological theory on the other hand is considered as an ethics of principles. According to Winebrenner (2012), this is an ethical judgment approach that is primarily based on an action rather than its consequences. In the ethics of principles, an argument is provided that details the need to establish actions that abide and adhere to ethical principles that are perceived as moral (pp.115). When this is not achieved, such an action may be considered as immoral. For instance, respect, justice, and honesty are some of the actions that adhere to the moral principles of different societies.

According to the views of Kant and Maxim, there is a need to treat each and every person as an end in their selves but not as a means only. These philosophers also detail that individuals need to act as if the maxim of their actions is the only universal law that is in existence in nature.

This principle of ethics is consequently classified as the primary rules that guide ethics in different research studies (Winebrenner, 2012). In this case, it is important to consider that this principle is advantageous since its intentional position may result into a moral dictated state. The primary aim of this ethical theory is to ensure individual abide and adhere to absolute principles irrespective of their specific actions that resonate around their human consequences.

Virtue Theory:

The virtue theory is also known as the ethics of utilitarianism. The ethical consideration of this theory opines the need to asses a sensitive approach within the context of a specified action. In other words, the ethics of utilitarianism initiates a judgment position that views ethical behaviors of researchers as an extent in which a researcher is required to internalize and understand the moral values of a community in the study (Bowie, 2015).  This establishes the need of the researcher to display a personal integrity in developing a relationship with the community they conduct their studies, an aspect that is inspired by their interactions with the ethical values of such a community.

Under this theory, the judgment position of a researcher wholly depends on his feelings, perceptions, and skills including his/her ability to negotiate with those to ascent to participate in a study within a community (Bowie, 2015). This is supported by the fact that the feelings and perceptions of a researcher may vary depending on the ethical background of a researcher, an aspect that may result in the survival of a study without the inclusion of procedures and regulations.

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories and Comparison of these Theories

The deontological theory of ethics and the consequential theory are significantly similar since they are known to raise similar questions.  The two theories are bound to raise questions that tend to consider whether there are ethical principles that exist (Oh & Yoon, 2014). On the other hand, these two theories are known to contradict the objective that it is important to develop internal principles that are aimed at providing judgment in absolutism.

Alternatively, the deontological theory of ethics and the consequential theory also raise questions that establish whether the principles ethics of a community rely upon their values. The consequentiality theory therefore supports the theory of deontological principles in justifying the view that the ethical position of an action relies in the end results of an action (Oh & Yoon, 2014). In this case, it is arguable that the society has the capacity to form principles that guide their judgment on different actions based on the received outcomes of such actions. The society on the other hand has the capacity to set principles that guide their actions in abiding to the predicted outcomes of these actions.

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories and Contrast of the Theories

It is important to note that these three ethical theories emphasize on a different element that relates to different ethical decisions and choices. In this case, it can be established that certain actions may result in different outcomes that is detailed in each theory (Oh & Yoon, 2014). For instance, a researcher may consider cheating a community on the intent of his research with the aim of achieving his goals while maintaining a positive image to the community about his study. The principle of deontological ethics therefore differs with the researchers approach since it supports the need for honesty as a universal principle, an aspect that rejects the action of deception even when the outcomes of the study to the community and the researcher are beneficial.

In contrast to this, the consequentiality theory may tend to justify such deceptive actions committed by a researcher based on the consideration that the study may benefit the community by yielding positive outcomes to the society in bettering their wellbeing and knowledge.  However, the principle of ethics of value may regard its judgment based on the researchers reasoning capacity and ethical skills within the research context (Bonner, 2016).  In any case, the deception is perceived by a community as ethical then such an action may be justified as moral.  In a case where the deceptive action of the researcher is viewed as unethical within a community, then his actions are nullified and deemed as unethical or immoral.

 Evaluating Three Ethical Theories Strengths and Weaknesses of the Theories

Strengths:

The consequentiality theory can be applied in different situations since its decisions are measured against the outcomes and consequences of different actions.  This is different from the deontology principle that requires rules that govern such ethical decisions, with decisions failing to have a rule associated with them (Yazdani & Murad, 2015). On the other hand, virtue ethics takes an examination of a decision within the context of an individual’s character, an aspect that is disapproved by dispositions that are considered as virtues. On the other hand, the consequentiality principle can be applied systematically, especially when the values of consequences are established in a practical life setting.

On the other hand, the deontological theory is essential in ensuring that the motivation behind every action is values over its consequences. In this case, an immoral action may not be justified by perceived good consequences but good motives are considered as the worth of value (Yazdani & Murad, 2015). On the other hand, this principle believes that justice is absolute even in a case where majority of the population does not benefit from it, thus recognizing the value of moral absoluteness.

The ethics of utilitarianism also known as virtue theory focuses on the maximization of the overall good, thus seeking to understand the good of others as well as that of an individual (Yazdani & Murad, 2015). This therefore, guides individuals in making ethical decisions that bring pleasure for the greatest population.

Weaknesses:

The application of the consequentiality theory in the decision making process is considered as time-consuming and complex since it requires that consequences are identified within the process and accounted (Albert, Reynolds & Turan, 2015). Secondly, the application of this process results in a limitation since individuals may be challenges in ascertaining the consequences of an action in marking a perfect decision or judgment.

The deontological theory also complicates the process of decision making since moral obligations are considered as arbitrary since the decisions of individuals are influenced by several factors, an aspect that questions whether duty remains a good motive as suggested by Kant.

Lastly, the ethics of utilitarianism may result in the development of decisions that may violate the human rights of different individuals if applied in decision making (Albert, et.al.2015). This is attributed to the fact that what is perceived as good for some individuals may on the other hand violate the rights of others. An instance of this can be depicted in a middle class individual needing an organ transplant.

When such an individual donates a huge chunk of money to a charity in exchange for an organ transplant, the principle of utilitarianism takes cognizance of these actions and considers it ethical since good results from the recipient of the organ would result from the donation made (Albert, et.al.2015). However, other individuals may perceive this as unethical since the individual uses his wealth as an advantage to achieve his goal.

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories Conclusion

As established, the three ethical principles discussed in this study provide different grounds under which judgments are made within different contexts. Under a normal circumstance, a judgment is made based on the general principles, the community’s perceptions, and consequences of an action that depend on the moral outcomes of ac action.

Evaluating Three Ethical Theories References

Albert, L., Reynolds, S., & Turan, B. (2015). Turning Inward or Focusing Out? Navigating Theories of Interpersonal and Ethical Cognitions to Understand Ethical Decision-Making. Journal Of Business Ethics, 130(2), 467-484. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2236-2. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=108674076&site=ehost-live

Bonner, K. (2016). Arendt, role theory and the ethical evaluation of an action. Irish Journal Of Sociology, 24(2), 200-225. doi:10.7227/IJS.0007. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=116865441&site=ehost-live

Bowie, N. (2015). Richard De George and the Use of Ethical Theory in Applied Ethics. Journal Of Business Ethics, 127(4), 699-706. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2179-7. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=101805212&site=ehost-live

Oh, J., & Yoon, S. (2014). Theory-based approach to factors affecting ethical consumption. International Journal Of Consumer Studies, 38(3), 278-288. doi:10.1111/ijcs.12092. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=95616585&site=ehost-live

Paul, R., & Elder, L. (2011). Critical Thinking: Ethical Reasoning and Fair-minded Thinking, Part I. Journal Of Developmental Education, 33(1), 36-37. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=45456473&site=ehost-live

Winebrenner, T. (2012). The Miniature Guide to Critical Thinking: Concepts and Tools / The Miniature Guide to the Art of Asking Essential Questions / The Miniature Guide to Understanding the Foundations of Ethical Reasoning (Book). Contemporary Argumentation & Debate, 24114-118. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=13787968&site=ehost-live

Yazdani, N., & Murad, H. (2015). Toward an Ethical Theory of Organizing. Journal Of Business Ethics, 127(2), 399-417. doi:10.1007/s10551-014-2049-3. Retrived From: http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=101363947&site=ehost-live

ESOL and Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles

ESOL and Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles Order Instructions: Part I Use this template to create learning activities that are differentiated for various Multiple Intelligence learning styles and levels of cognitive complexity.

ESOL and Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles
ESOL and Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles

This template is a writable PDF that can be completed by typing directing on the form. Refer to Webb’s Depth of Knowledge for examples of verbs that correspond with activities within each level of cognitive complexity. Provide at least 10 activities. Review this example to assist you.
Part II: Choose three of the following topics to reflect upon in a word-processed document. Refer to the course content and assigned readings in your response.
TOPICS: these are the topics
• Clear expectations (using Rubrics)
• Discussion and Student Interaction
• High Order Thinking (HOT questioning techniques and activities that foster critical thinking skills)
Questions to guide your reflection:
• As a learner, how aware are/were you about this topic?
• Explain a time when your individual learning needs were met regarding this topic.
• Explain a time that your individual learning needs were not met regarding this topic. How could your experience have been better (be specific)?
• As a teacher, what are your strengths regarding this topic (be specific)?
• As a teacher, in what areas do you need to improve (be specific)?
• What will you do about it (be specific)?

ESOL and Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles Sample Answer

ESOL

Part I

See PDF file attached

Part II

Topic 1: Clear expectations (using Rubrics)

As a learner, I am very much aware of this topic since I know that Rubrics are important tools which articulate the expectations of a given assignment by specifying the criteria and then describing the levels of quality for every criterion. Receiving a rubric at the beginning of an assignment allows me to feel satisfaction since I am provided with exact parameters. A time when my individual learning needs were met with regard to this topic was when I was able to achieve the expectations for an assignment in a course. A time that my individual learning needs were not met with regard to this topic was when I fell short of attaining the expectations for a certain assignment. My experience could have been better if I had clearly understood the performance expectations, guidelines and criteria for success from the beginning of the school year.

As a teacher, my strengths with regard to this topic include the fact that I am able to effectively set explicit expectations and guidelines from the beginning of the school year, and hold learners answerable for the work they produce in a justified manner. I can develop rubrics and use them properly in evaluating the performance of students in a manner that is consistent and fair. As a teacher, the areas that I need improvement include how to let my students understand the areas where they have to focus on next time when they get a similar assignment. What I will do about it is that I will seek more training and knowledge in order to improve.

Topic 2: Discussion and Student Interaction

As a learner, I am much aware of this topic since I understand that discussions are a vital strategy for encouraging democratic habits, fostering intellectual agility, and enhancing the motivation of students. I know that discussions provide opportunities for learners to practice and hone several skills, such as the ability to enlist and defend positions, consider dissimilar viewpoints, and express and defend positions (McKeachie, 2012). A time when my individual learning needs were met with regard to this topic was when I interacted with other students and communicated with others in class during a discussion. This helped me to effectively construct my knowledge. A time that my individual learning needs were not met with regard to this topic was when I could not take part in a certain discussion properly due to anxiety. My experience could have been better if I had properly prepared myself for the class discussion.

As a teacher, my strengths with regard to this topic include being able to build student engagement and make the class interactive, encouraging shy students to speak, and actively listening to learners during class discussions. As a teacher, the areas that I need improvement include encouraging in-depth conversations amongst learners and between teacher and students, and devoting a large percentage of class time to student interactions. What I will do about it is that I will practice doing these more and more.

Topic 3: Higher Order Thinking (HOT questioning techniques and activities that foster critical thinking skills)

As a learner, I am very much aware of this topic since I know that Higher-Order Thinking takes thinking to greater levels than simply reiterating the facts – it necessitates the student to do something with the facts, for instance, categorize them, infer from them, or understand them (McKeachie, 2012). A time when my individual learning needs were met with regard to this topic was when I was able to effectively carry out various activities of Higher Order Thinking such as for define, demonstrate, classify, construct, evaluate, describe, interpret, distinguish, and measure. A time that my individual learning needs were not met with regard to this topic was when I was unable to effectively apply facts as I sought a new solution to a new problem. My experience could have been better if I had taken my HOT lessons more seriously.

As a teacher, my strengths with regard to this topic include being able to properly incorporate HOT skills into the curriculum and using various strategies to enhance HOT skills of students such as categorizing concepts, teaching steps for learning concepts and encouraging questioning. As a teacher, the area that I need improvement is how to identify the most appropriate activities for improving HOT skills of learners. What I will do about it is that I will ask my colleagues to help me with this area.

ESOL and Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles References

McKeachie, W. J. (2012). McKeachie’s Teaching Tips: Strategies, Research, and Theory for College and University Teachers. Cleveland, OH: Penguin Publishers.