In this essay (about 2 pages), you will articulate your personal philosophy of education. Be thinking: What statement describes your philosophy of teaching and learning? This will probably be your thesis statement and be the starting point for your creation.
A. It is appropriate to first guide your reader (or viewer) with an introduction that includes a description, a scenario, or an explanation of your chosen philosophy(ies). This part will definitely require you employ citations from our main text. Remember, ideas about these philosophical theories are not your own, and credit must be given to those who formulated them.
B. Next, articulate who you are (or will be) philosophically. You should write (or include) answers to the following:
• What should be the focus or goal of education? Why?
• Based on your philosophy, how do you anticipate interacting with students and parents?
• How will your philosophy be implemented in your future classroom? If I were to visit you, what would I see in your classroom that would make me believe your philosophy is really what you say it is?
C. Lastly, a brief conclusion is necessary to summarize and to synthesize your thoughts.
Most of this paper is indicative of your views regarding the nature of teaching and learning. It is normal, and acceptable, to use first person point-of-view in this paper (I, me, we). These are your beliefs. Articulate them well! It is not enough to just repeat what you have read. The well-prepared teacher must explain his or her rationale for designing a learning experience in a particular way. Be sure to express why you believe what you do.
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Section III. Short Essay Questions.
This section consists of eight (8) short answer questions. You are only required to respond to one (1) of the eight questions below. Your response to each of your one chosen questions will be worth a maximum of ten (10) points. Your thoughtful, organized and well-written responses must be in proper paragraphs, a minimum of 2-3 paragraphs for each response and must contain complete and coherent sentences.
C. Socrates admonished everyone to know thyself. Compare/contrast Aristotle™s view of the human person with the Christian view of the self. Assess which view most fully or accurately represents the truth about the human person.
D. Explain the importance of entelechy to Aristotle’s Efficient Cause and to the Good Life in general.
E. Explain how Aristotle viewed happiness and the defining importance of virtue and vice to Aristotle in that regard.
F. Explain the importance of the Simile of the Sun to Plato’s philosophy and describe the purposes and relationship between the Sun and the Good.
G. Explain the philosophical concept of ontology and describe how two philosophers studied asserted an ontological argument to demonstrate the existence of God.
H. Explain what Natural Theology is and explain how the concept is used by St. Thomas Aquinas in asserting his arguments for God’s existence by Gradation or by Design.
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I would recommend that you stick with the media we consider over the course of the semester but if you see a connection with something beyond our media then please feel free to talk to me about it.
Philosophical Analysis of an Artwork
These are due to our final exam meeting. These should be 3 pages in length and will need to include a brief description (half-page, please) of the artwork you are analyzing. The remainder of the paper should be you discussing how acknowledging that artwork improves or criticizes something which we have been tracking throughout the semester. You might focus on how the artwork challenges or corroborates the thinking of ​one philosopher, but you might also pursue the artwork’s relation to one of the themes of the course as it appears in multiple philosophical accounts.-Final Exam.​ This will be a straightforward short-answer exam concerning the course material. More focus is needed at faculties of fine arts on the quality and quantity of the philosophy education as well as on its methodology within the scope of “art philosophy”. It is a requirement that different methods and techniques should be used in arts education and that the students have competency in questioning and interpreting artworks through different approaches. Do we need to use the language of philosophy in art philosophy lesson? Or does the use of the language of philosophy cause an uncertainty?
Theories of Ethics and Moral Philosophy Book Summary
(2011). Chapter 9, pp. 119-132) and write two pages summary of the contents. Paper should be two pages with single space, 12 font size, and APA formatting.
References
Craig E. Johnson (5th Edition). (2015). Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership: Casting light or shadow. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications. ISBN-10: 1412982227 ISBN-13: 978-1-4522-5918-5
Gordon Graham. (2011). Theories of Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy with a Selection of Classic Readings (1st Edition). Routledge: New York ISBN 13: 978-0-415-99946-5 (hbkx ISBN 13: 978-0-415-99947-2. It is argued, in this paper, that moral theories should not be discussed extensively when teaching applied ethics.
Philosophy on Restoration of Caveat Emptor In matters of product safety, there has been a movement in law and social attitudes away from the traditional view about where the chief responsibility should rest, namely with consumers, a view expressed by caveat emptor/”Buyer beware“.
Philosophy on Restoration of Caveat Emptor
But there is nothing wrong with expecting that people be informed buyers and responsible for their choices. So, shouldn’t caveat emptor be restored as the main principle in these matters? Discuss.
OR
Multinationals: What are some main ways in which a multinational corporation is likely to benefit its host country and/or some main ways in which it is likely to harm it? What policies exist or should be adopted to maximize the benefits and minimize the harms?
OR
Free trade has often been regarded as the best and fairest thing for all countries concerned. But the general idea or specific agreements — and specific agreements to promote it, such as NAFTA and the TPP — are often viewed in an opposite way, as unfair or somehow against a country’s economic interests. Discuss and illustrate some essentials in these opposed views and argue for one view or the other ñ or for some clear compromise if that is possible
Introduction to World Religions
Philosophy and Religion ï In your opinion, what is the meaning of life? Is belief in God necessary for a meaningful life? ï The science historian, Michael Shermer, has suggested that people come to faith for nonrational (i.e., familial, societal) reasons. Logical arguments, he believes, usually do not play a significant role in the process. Do you agree with this statement? If so, how has your background (family, culture, education, life events) influenced your religious worldview? Are there any criticisms that you can think of? ï Must morality be undergirded by religion? Is it true that there could be no morality without God? Can one lead a morally virtuous life without belief in God? ï What are we to make of the relationship between science and religion? Are they mutually independent, complementary, or antithetical ways of knowing? Is one way of knowing Superior to the other? Are religious beliefs irrefutable? Can they ever be verified in this lifetime? If so, how (e.g., scientific, rational, experiential, prophetic means)? Or will belief always require a leap of faith? ï Is it acceptable to evangelize another person to our faith? Why or why not? Or, should everyone adopt a live and let live mentality? Evaluate the following quotation from Mahatma Gandhi: ìThe various religions are like different roads converging on the same point. What difference does it make if we follow different routes, provided we arrive at the same destination?î ï Evaluate the following quotation from the physicist, Steven Weinberg: ìIn the same way that each of us has had to grow up to resist the temptation of wishful thinking . . ., so our species has had to learn in growing up that we are not playing the starring role in any sort of grand cosmic drama.î ï Consider the following quotation by Bertrand Russell: religion is something left over from the infancy of our intelligence; it will fade away as we adopt reason and science as our guidelines.î Do you agree with this statement? Do you see religion fading away in any foreseeable future? ï Which of the following do you find to be the most compelling reason for belief in God? Which do you find to be the least persuasive? A. Good design, natural beauty, perfection, or complexity of the world. (28.6%) B. Experience of God in everyday life; God is in us. (20.6%) C. It is comforting, relieving, consoling, gives meaning and purpose to life. (10.3%) D. The Bible says so. (9.8%) E. Just because; faith; need to believe in something. (8.2%) F. Raised to believe in God. (7.2%) G. God answers prayers. (6.4%) H. Without God there would be no morality. (4.0%) I. God has a plan for the world, history, destiny, and us. (3.8%) J. To account for good and avenge evil in the world. (1.0%) Nature of Religion ï Categorize the five major world religions according to their worldviews. How are they similar? How are they different?
Page 2 of 3
ï Do most people work out a religion for themselves or simply follow their parents religion? ï How would you define a “religion”? What properties must a belief system have in order for it to be a “religion”? If a belief system did not include “faith,î a god, and worship would it still be a religion? ï Do you think that religion in general has had a positive or negative effect on the world? Can you think of any examples? ï What characteristics are common in fundamentalist religious groups? ï Should religion be taught in state schools? Why/why not? If so, should the religion taught be the most common one or the most historical for the country? And should the class be mandatory or optional? ï Should prayer be obligatory in schools? Why/why not? ï In the United States in 2005, around 40% of the population believed that evolution did not take place. Do you believe that a person of faith can also accept evolutionary theory? ï Do you believe in an afterlife? What do you think of the idea of hell? What do you think of the idea of heaven? ï In what areas does religion have an impact in your country? ï What are the differences and similarities of cults and religions? Do you think that cults are dangerous? Why or why not? ï How would you define a cult? Should the government try to eliminate cults and other fringe religious groups? Why or why not? If so, how? ï What factors differentiate theistic and atheistic worldviews? What factors differentiate perspectives within these worldviews? ï The Church of the Spaghetti Monster (Pastafarianism) is a religious group started in 2005. The members of this religious group believe that a religion does not need to require its members to have literal belief in order to attain spiritual enlightenment. While many people view this religion as a “joke” or making fun of “serious” religious groups, the members claim that it is completely legitimate. What elements are required to create a new religion? Can anyone create a new religion? Why or why not? Religious Freedom and the Government ï Do you think a government should be guided by religious principles? Why or why not? ï The freedom of religion is a right included in the U.S. Constitution. It allows people to practice any religion in public or private without being persecuted. How does this policy of religious freedom compare with how people are allowed to practice (or not practice) religion in another country? ï Should everyone in a country have the right to practice any religion they wish? Why or why not? ï Do you think the government should have the ability to “manage” religious expression? Why or why not? Religious Symbols ï There is debate in some European countries – especially France – about the appropriateness of certain forms of traditional Islamic dress, especially in schools and other state institutions. The debate centers around the wearing of the “hijab.î This can refer to a large number of things ranging from the “Islamic headscarf” to the “burqa” or “burka,î which covers the whole body including the head and the face. What do you think about legal attempts in some European countries to control the use of these forms of dress? Would it be equally reasonable to prohibit Sikh men from wearing a turban? What is the difference – if any?
Page 3 of 3
ï If it were banned, it would presumably become a criminal offence. What punishment might be applied? How would Amnesty International react to jail terms? ï Is it reasonable to prevent men from wearing these things if they want to, or should any restriction only be applied to women? ï If Western countries forbid the wearing of the burka or other forms of Islamic dress, would it be reasonable for Islamic countries to insist that Western women wear burkas when visiting? Why or why not? ï If a person’s religion obliged them to always have their face covered, and if a state accepted this was a religious right which could not be taken away, how would it deal with passport photographs and photographs for driving licenses? ï Most European countries have their own clothing taboos. For instance you can get arrested or cause major disturbance if you walk around naked. What do you think about this apparent double standard? ï Priests, monks and nuns wear clothing which is, in some ways, similar to the burka. What would be the implications for these forms of dress, if the burka was banned? Freethinkers (nonbelievers, atheists, agnostics, secular humanists, etc.) ï Do nonbelievers have any special problems in certain countries? Do you think they are treated worse, the same, or better in the U.S. in certain circumstances? ï In 2009 a campaign started which promoted the slogan: “God probably doesn’t exist, now stop worrying and get on with your life.î What is your opinion of this? ï Can freethinkers go to church regularly for service but still remain as freethinkers? ï The well-known atheist Richard Dawkins once said: “We are all atheists about 99% of the Gods which have ever existed–some of us just go one God further.” What is your opinion of this statement? ï Many atheists maintain they do not believe in God because there is no sufficient, compelling evidence for Godís existence. What is your opinion? ï Can atheism be considered a religion? Can “not collecting stamps” be considered a hobby? ï What factors differentiate atheistic perspectives? How many different atheistic perspectives are there? ï What do different atheistic perspectives have in common? How do they differ? ï Do you think people who don’t believe in God or gods can live good lives? Why or why not? ï Upon what basis can nonbelievers make ethical decisions?
Religion and Conflict ï Do you think religion is the cause of most conflict in the world? Why or why not? ï If religion isn’t the primary justification used to wage wars, what is? ï Do you believe that religion is sometimes used to justify violence and oppression? If so, can you give some examples?
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Understand the importance of the power of attention in Needleman’s philosophy and understanding of life.
Present Needleman understands of the important role dialogue, questioning, and self-knowledge play in philosophy as a way of living ethically. In The Heart of Philosophy, Needleman explores philosophy and how our human search for meaning is integral to our lives. Needleman documents his experiences teaching courses in philosophy at a high school and shows to us how real philosophy, the love and search for meaning, is a fact of human nature.
Introduction to World Religions
Philosophy and Religion ï In your opinion, what is the meaning of life? Is belief in God necessary for a meaningful life? ï The science historian, Michael Shermer, has suggested that people come to faith for nonrational (i.e., familial, societal) reasons. Logical arguments, he believes, usually do not play a significant role in the process. Do you agree with this statement? If so, how has your background (family, culture, education, life events) influenced your religious worldview? Are there any criticisms that you can think of? ï Must morality be undergirded by religion? Is it true that there could be no morality without God? Can one lead a morally virtuous life without belief in God? ï What are we to make of the relationship between science and religion? Are they mutually independent, complementary, or antithetical ways of knowing? Is one way of knowing superior to the other? ï Are religious beliefs irrefutable? Can they ever be verified in this lifetime? If so, how (e.g., scientific, rational, experiential, prophetic means)? Or will belief always require a leap of faith? ï Is it acceptable to evangelize another person to our faith? Why or why not? Or, should everyone adopt a live and let live mentality? ï Evaluate the following quotation from Mahatma Gandhi: ìThe various religions are like different roads converging on the same point. What difference does it make if we follow different routes, provided we arrive at the same destination?î ï Evaluate the following quotation from the physicist, Steven Weinberg: In the same way that each of us has had to grow up to resist the temptation of wishful thinking . . ., so our species has had to learn in growing up that we are not playing the starring role in any sort of grand cosmic drama.î ï Consider the following quotation by Bertrand Russell: religion is something left over from the infancy of our intelligence; it will fade away as we adopt reason and science as our guidelines.î Do you agree with this statement? Do you see religion fading away in any foreseeable future? ï Which of the following do you find to be the most compelling reason for belief in God? Which do you find to be the least persuasive? A. Good design, natural beauty, perfection, or complexity of the world. (28.6%) B. Experience of God in everyday life; God is in us. (20.6%) C. It is comforting, relieving, consoling, gives meaning and purpose to life. (10.3%) D. The Bible says so. (9.8%) E. Just because; faith; need to believe in something. (8.2%) F. Raised to believe in God. (7.2%) G. God answers prayers. (6.4%) H. Without God there would be no morality. (4.0%) I. God has a plan for the world, history, destiny, and us. (3.8%) J. To account for good and avenge evil in the world. (1.0%) Nature of Religion ï Categorize the five major world religions according to their worldviews. How are they similar? How are they different?
Page 2 of 3
ï Do most people work out a religion for themselves or simply follow their parents religion? ï How would you define a “religion”? What properties must a belief system have in order for it to be a “religion”? If a belief system did not include “faith,î a god, and worship would it still be a religion? ï Do you think that religion in general has had a positive or negative effect on the world? Can you think of any examples? ï What characteristics are common in fundamentalist religious groups? ï Should religion be taught in state schools? Why/why not? If so, should the religion taught be the most common one or the most historical for the country? And should the class be mandatory or optional? ï Should prayer be obligatory in schools? Why/why not? ï In the United States in 2005, around 40% of the population believed that evolution did not take place. Do you believe that a person of faith can also accept evolutionary theory? ï Do you believe in an afterlife? What do you think of the idea of hell? What do you think of the idea of heaven? ï In what areas does religion have an impact in your country? ï What are the differences and similarities of cults and religions? Do you think that cults are dangerous? Why or why not? ï How would you define a cult? Should the government try to eliminate cults and other fringe religious groups? Why or why not? If so, how? ï What factors differentiate theistic and atheistic worldviews? What factors differentiate perspectives within these worldviews? ï The Church of the Spaghetti Monster (Rastafarian) is a religious group started in 2005. The members of this religious group believe that a religion does not need to require its members to have literal belief in order to attain spiritual enlightenment. While many people view this religion as a “joke” or making fun of “serious” religious groups, the members claim that it is completely legitimate. What elements are required to create a new religion? Can anyone create a new religion? Why or why not? Religious Freedom and the Government ï Do you think a government should be guided by religious principles? Why or why not? ï The freedom of religion is a right included in the U.S. Constitution. It allows people to practice any religion in public or private without being persecuted. How does this policy of religious freedom compare with how people are allowed to practice (or not practice) religion in another country? ï Should everyone in a country have the right to practice any religion they wish? Why or why not? ï Do you think the government should have the ability to “manage” religious expression? Why or why not? Religious Symbols ï There is debate in some European countries – especially France – about the appropriateness of certain forms of traditional Islamic dress, especially in schools and other state institutions. The debate centers around the wearing of the “hijab.î This can refer to a large number of things ranging from the “Islamic headscarf” to the “burqa” or “burka,î which covers the whole body including the head and the face. What do you think about legal attempts in some European countries to control the use of these forms of dress? Would it be equally reasonable to prohibit Sikh men from wearing a turban? What is the difference – if any?
Page 3 of 3
ï If it were banned, it would presumably become a criminal offence. What punishment might be applied? How would Amnesty International react to jail terms? ï Is it reasonable to prevent men from wearing these things if they want to, or should any restriction only be applied to women? ï If Western countries forbid the wearing of the burka or other forms of Islamic dress, would it be reasonable for Islamic countries to insist that Western women wear burkas when visiting? Why or why not? ï If a person’s religion obliged them to always have their face covered, and if a state accepted this was a religious right which could not be taken away, how would it deal with passport photographs and photographs for driving licenses? ï Most European countries have their own clothing taboos. For instance you can get arrested or cause major disturbance if you walk around naked. What do you think about this apparent double standard? ï Priests, monks and nuns wear clothing which is, in some ways, similar to the burka. What would be the implications for these forms of dress, if the burka was banned? Freethinkers (nonbelievers, atheists, agnostics, secular humanists, etc.) ï Do nonbelievers have any special problems in certain countries? Do you think they are treated worse, the same, or better in the U.S. in certain circumstances? ï In 2009 a campaign started which promoted the slogan: “God probably doesn’t exist, now stop worrying and get on with your life.î What is your opinion of this? ï Can freethinkers go to church regularly for service but still remain as freethinkers? ï The well-known atheist Richard Dawkins once said: “We are all atheists about 99% of the Gods which have ever existed–some of us just go one God further.” What is your opinion of this statement? ï Many atheists maintain they do not believe in God because there is no sufficient, compelling evidence for God’s existence. What is your opinion? ï Can atheism be considered a religion? Can “not collecting stamps” be considered a hobby? ï What factors differentiate atheistic perspectives? How many different atheistic perspectives are there? ï What do different atheistic perspectives have in common? How do they differ? ï Do you think people who don’t believe in God or gods can live good lives? Why or why not? ï Upon what basis can nonbelievers make ethical decisions?
Religion and Conflict ï Do you think religion is the cause of most conflict in the world? Why or why not? ï If religion isn’t the primary justification used to wage wars, what is? ï Do you believe that religion is sometimes used to justify violence and oppression? If so, can you give some examples?
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We have the advantage of living in a time many years after Benjamin wrote the article the Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction. Do you think Benjamin’s ideas about film’s role in creating a “critical mass” have come to fruition? Why or why not?
Please Note: When I say film here I mean all manners of moving media – not just celluloid – so this can include video, TV, youtube, whatever kind of mass produced moving images you would like to talk about.
Also Note: Critical mass doesn’t just refer to numbers – of course we all
know, for example, that a lot people go to the movies and surf the net.
To answer this question you need to explain what you think he means by a
critical mass first.
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Essay topic: Reflecting on the concepts you have studied in the course, research a company and discuss the legal and ethical issues surrounding it. You will need to research the company through the University library. Your essay should include the following four sections:
1) Identify and discuss two to three specific laws that apply to the company. For example, the laws mentioned in the EEOC readings.
Philosophy of Economist Milton Friedman
2) Apply three general legal topics that were discussed in the required readings, i.e. Appendix B. Make sure you include in-text citations to the course materials, as failing to cite your sources will result in no credit in this section. The weekly lessons are not the required readings. The required readings are listed in the lessons section under “Required Readings.”
3) Discuss how the philosophy of economist Milton Friedman may have influenced the executives of the company.
4) Identify an ethical framework other than the shareholder theory that applies to this situation and discusses how it may have influenced the executives of the company.
Philosophy of Economist Milton Friedman
Solyndra and British Petroleum may not be used as your company for this assignment.
Your essay should be 1100 – 1300words and in APA format. Use at least seven credible sources for your essay, including at least two new sources from the University library (in addition to the course materials.) Submit this essay as a Microsoft Word attachment in the Assignment section of the class, no later than Sunday of week seven.
You must support your statements with materials from the required readings in the course, as well as outside research. Cite your sources in APA format. An abstract is not needed. A great source for those unfamiliar with APA formatting is http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx. All material must be appropriately cited with an in-text citation (author, date) and a reference page listing.
Include your last name in the file name. For instance, if your name is Jane Smith your document should be saved as “Smith_JWeek7Essay.docx”
The focus of this essay should be on legal concepts. Your discussion of the history of the company should consist of no more than one page of the essay.
Philosophy of Economist Milton Friedman Unoriginal Content
Your essay may contain no more than 10% quotes from other sources. Paraphrase what you read instead of copying and pasting. You may not re-use work that you have submitted in previous classes. All work in this class must be original.
Essays that contain more than 50% unoriginal content will not earn any credit. Essays that contain between 10% – 49% unoriginal content will receive a substantial point deduction. Paraphrase instead of copying and pasting. Please note there is a difference between unoriginal content and plagiarism. Unoriginal content is correctly quoted and cited. Plagiarized sentences and paragraphs are not correctly quoted or cited. Plagiarism will result in an automatic zero for this assignment.
Please take a moment to review the rubric provided prior to developing your paper for submission.
